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  • Books  (48)
  • Maps
  • Taylor & Francis  (29)
  • Lausanne : Frontiers  (19)
  • Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
  • Cham :Springer International Publishing :
  • Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
  • Wabern : Federal Office of Topography, Swiss Geological Survey
  • 2015-2019  (48)
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  • 1
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    Chapter 4 The social value of anonymity on campus (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: "This paper considers the social value of anonymity in online university student communities, through the presentation of research which tracked the final year of life of the social media application Yik Yak. Yik Yak was an anonymous, geosocial mobile application launched in 2013 which, at its peak in 2014, was used by around two million students in the US and UK. The research we report here is significant as a mixed method study tracing the final year of the life of this app in a large UK university between 2016 and 2017. The paper uses computational and ethnographic methods to understand what might be at stake in the loss of anonymity within university student communities in a datafied society. Countering the most common argument made against online anonymity – its association with hate speech and victimisation – the paper draws on recent conceptual work on the social value of anonymity to argue that anonymity online in this context had significant value for the communities that use it. This study of a now-lost social network constitutes a valuable portrait by which we might better understand our current predicament in relation to anonymity, its perceived value and its growing impossibility."
    Keywords: Anonymity ; ephemerality ; social media ; Yik Yak ; community ; campus ; datafication ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Chapter 8 Unintended Consequences of EU Democracy Support in the European Neighbourhood (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Unintended Consequences of EU External Action | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: "The European Union’s (EU) impact on the political governance of the European neighbourhood is varied and sometimes opposite to the declared objectives of its democracy support policies. The democracy promotion literature has to a large extent neglected the unintended consequences of EU democracy support in Eastern Europe and the Middle East and North Africa. The EU has left multiple imprints on the political trajectories of the countries in the neighbourhood and yet the dominant explanation, highlighting the EU’s security and economic interests in the two regions, cannot fully account for the unintended consequences of its policies. The literature on the ‘pathologies’ of international organisations offers an explanation, emphasizing the failures of the EU bureaucracy to anticipate, prevent or reverse the undesired effects of its democracy support in the neighbourhood."
    Keywords: Democracy promotion ; ENP ; unintended consequence ; bureaucracy ; Eastern Europe ; MENA ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Catholic Missionaries in Early Modern Asia (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Over recent decades, historians have become increasingly interested in early modern Catholic missions in Asia as laboratories of cultural contact. This book builds on recent ground-breaking research on early modern Catholic missions, which has shown that missionaries in Asia cooperated with and accommodated the needs of local agents rather than being uncompromising promoters of post-Tridentine doctrine and devotion.　 Bringing together some of the most renowned and innovative researchers from Anglophone countries and continental Europe, this volume investigates how missionaries’ entanglements with local societies across Asia contributed to processes of localization within the early modern Catholic church. The focus of the volume is on missionaries’ adaptation to four ideal-typical social settings that played an eminent role in early modern Asian missions: (1) the symbolically loaded princely court; (2) the city as a space of especially dense communication; (3) the countryside, where missionary presence was only rarely permanent; (4) and the household – a central arena of conversion in early modern Asian societies. Shining a fresh light onto the history of early modern Catholic missions and the early modern Eurasian cultural exchange, this will be an important book for any scholar of religious history, history of cultural contact/global history and early modern history in Asia.
    Keywords: history ; religion ; christianity ; Asia ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRM Christianity
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  • 4
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    Faith-Based Organizations in Development Discourses and Practice (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: "Exploring faith-based organizations (FBOs) in current developmental discourses and practice, this book presents a selection of empirical in-depth case-studies of Christian FBOs and assesses the vital role credited to FBOs in current discourses on development. Examining the engagement of FBOs with contemporary politics of development, the contributions stress the agency of FBOs in diverse contexts of development policy, both local and global. It is emphasised that FBOs constitute boundary agents and developmental entrepreneurs: they move between different discursive fields such as national and international development discourses, theological discourses, and their specific religious constituencies. By combining influxes from these different contexts, FBOs generate unique perspectives on development: they express alternative views on development and stress particular approaches anchored in their theological social ethics. This book should be of interest to those researching FBOs and their interaction with international organizations, and to scholars working in the broader areas of religion and politics and politics and development."
    Keywords: Development policy ; Faith-based organizations ; global development ; RNGOs ; religion ; politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSN International institutions ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement::JPWH Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    The Datafication of Education (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: "This paper considers the social value of anonymity in online university student communities, through the presentation of research which tracked the final year of life of the social media application Yik Yak. Yik Yak was an anonymous, geosocial mobile application launched in 2013 which, at its peak in 2014, was used by around two million students in the US and UK. The research we report here is significant as a mixed method study tracing the final year of the life of this app in a large UK university between 2016 and 2017. The paper uses computational and ethnographic methods to understand what might be at stake in the loss of anonymity within university student communities in a datafied society. Countering the most common argument made against online anonymity – its association with hate speech and victimisation – the paper draws on recent conceptual work on the social value of anonymity to argue that anonymity online in this context had significant value for the communities that use it. This study of a now-lost social network constitutes a valuable portrait by which we might better understand our current predicament in relation to anonymity, its perceived value and its growing impossibility."
    Keywords: Education ; datafication ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Locating Zika (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The emergence of Zika virus challenged conventional ideas of mosquito-borne diseases, tested the resilience of health systems and embedded itself within local sociocultural worlds, with major implications for environmental, sexual, reproductive and paediatric health. This book explores this complex viral epidemic and situates it within its broader social, epidemiological and historical context in Latin America and the Caribbean. The chapters include a diverse set of case studies from scholars and health practitioners working across the region, from Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, Mexico, Colombia, the United States and Haiti. The book explores how mosquito-borne disease epidemics (not only Zika but also chikungunya, dengue and malaria) intersect with social change and health governance. By doing so, the authors reflect on the ways in which situated knowledge and social science approaches can contribute to more effective health.
    Keywords: Zika virus ; infection ; epidemiology ; Latin America ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Chapter 1 Unintended Consequences of EU External Action (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Unintended Consequences of EU External Action | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: "There is a gap in IR and EU scholarship concerning unintended consequences in an international context, leaving this important phenomenon understudied. To fill this gap, a conceptualisation of unintended consequences is offered, and a set of common research questions are presented, highlighting the nature (what), the causes (why) and the modes of management (how) of unintended consequences of EU external action. The Special Issue contributes to the study of the EU as an international actor by broadening the notion of the EU’s impact abroad to include the unintended consequences of EU (in)actions and by shedding new light on the conceptual paradigms that explain EU external action."
    Keywords: Unintended consequences ; international relations ; EU external action ; foreign policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Chapter 4 Business interests and the development of the public-private welfare mix in Switzerland, 1880-1990 (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Business Interests and the Development of the Modern Welfare State | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This edited volume provides a synthesis on the question of business attitudes towards and its influence over the development of the modern welfare state. It gathers leading scholars in the field to offer both in-depth historical country case studies and comparative chapters that discuss contemporary developments. Composed of six archive-based historical narratives of business’ role in the development of social insurance programs in Germany, Finland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States, and six comparative case studies, this volume also extends the study of business to policy fields that have hitherto received little attention in the literature, such as active labor market policies, educational policies, employment protection legislation, healthcare, private pension programs and work‐family policies. It illuminates why business groups have responded so very differently to demands for increased social protection against different labor market risks in different countries and over time. This text will be of key interest to students and scholars of comparative welfare, political science, sociology, social policy studies, comparative political economy and welfare history.
    Keywords: Business ; Development ; Interests ; Modern ; State ; Welfare ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Vigilantism against Migrants and Minorities (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: This edited volume traces the rise of far right vigilante movements – some who have been involved in serious violence against minorities, migrants and other vulnerable groups in society, whereas other vigilantes are intimidating but avoid using violence. Written by an international team of contributors, the book features case studies from Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, and Asia. Each chapter is written to a common research template examining the national social and political context, the purpose of the vigilante group, how it is organised and operates, its communications and social media strategy and its relationship to mainstream social actors and institutions, and to similar groups in other countries. The final comparative chapter explores some of the broader research issues such as under which conditions such vigiliantism emerges, flourishes or fails, policing approaches, masculinity, the role of social media, responses from the state and civil society, and the evidence of transnational co-operation or inspiration. This is a groundbreaking volume which will be of particular interest to scholars with an interest in the extreme right, social movements, political violence, policing and criminology.
    Keywords: BNP ; Culture ; EDL ; Far Right ; Holocaust ; National Front ; Neo-Nazi ; Youth ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Martial Arts and Well-Being (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Arts; being; Carol; communities; Connecting; Fuller; Health; Llyod; Martial; promoting; Viki; well
    Keywords: Arts ; being ; Carol ; communities ; Connecting ; Fuller ; Health ; Llyod ; Martial ; promoting ; Viki ; well ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMH Social, group or collective psychology ; thema EDItEUR::S Sports and Active outdoor recreation::SC Sport: general::SCG Sports training and coaching::SCGP Sports psychology ; thema EDItEUR::S Sports and Active outdoor recreation::SR Combat sports and self-defence
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Chapter 3 Horizontal and Vertical Diversity (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: "Unintended consequences arising from EU external migration policy are a result of the multi-actor nature of this policy and of policy interactions. In addition, scholars face serious methodological challenges in establishing what the EU’s ‘intent’ is in external migration policy and, therefore, in determining which consequences are intended and which are unintended. The literature on the implementation and evaluation of EU external migration policy is in its infancy, and future work should take into account all policy outcomes – both those that were intended and those that were not."
    Keywords: EU migration policy ; unintended consequences ; policy interactions ; multilevel governance ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Tourism and Travel during the Cold War (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The Iron Curtain was not an impenetrable divide, and contacts between East and West took place regularly and on various levels throughout the Cold War. This book explores how the European tourist industry transcended the ideological fault lines and the communist states attracted an ever-increasing number of Western tourists. Based on extensive original research, it examines the ramifications of tourism, from sun-and-sea package tours to human rights travels, in key Eastern European locations including East Berlin, the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Albania. The book’s analysis of the politics, culture, and history of tourism to the East offers important new perspectives on European tourism in the twentieth century.
    Keywords: tourism ; travel ; cold war ; experiences ; tourists ; iron curtain ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
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  • 13
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    Chapter 11 European Capitals of Culture y (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: ‘What is Europe? It’s not just a series of banknotes’, an interviewee remarked when asked about European heritage. Our study of European Capitals of Culture (ECoC), one of the main European heritage programmes, proceeds in the same spirit, informed by the complex and disputed discussions of what Europe is (see, for example, Sassatelli 2002 ) and how, within such shifting grounds, European heritage might be interpreted (see, for instance, Delanty 2017 ; Niklasson 2017). Described by some as large- scale bottom- up cultural programming (Immler and Sakkers 2014 ), the ECoC programme has seen several cities across Europe compete for the title of European Capital of Culture for more than three decades now. Our research has focussed on three cities, Valletta as ECoC 2018 , Plovdiv as ECoC 2019 and Galway as ECoC 2020. We are conducting a discourse analysis of the submitted bids as the key documents related to each city’s participation in the programme; we are then investigating four common themes that emerge from this analysis: Europe, heritage, diversity and future.
    Keywords: Europe ; capitals ; culture ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Chapter 9 EU External Action, Intention and Explanation (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: "“Unintended consequences” is an umbrella concept. It comprises phenomena that differ in crucial respects and consequently, without refinement, it remains a rather blunt instrument for policy analysis. The contributions in this volume, however, show that disentangling unintended consequences by making clear distinctions between various types, makes the concept much more useful for policy analysis. Assessing the impact of EU foreign policies as studied in this volume, we show that “bonuses”, “windfalls”, “accidents”, and “trade-offs” – all unintended – are very different when it comes to the explanation of policy outcomes, or to allocating responsibility for them."
    Keywords: EU External Action ; foreign policy ; unintended consequences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Routledge Handbook of State Recognition (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This new handbook provides a comprehensive and multidisciplinary overview of the theoretical and empirical aspects of state recognition in international politics. Although the recognition of states plays a central role in shaping global politics, it remains an under-researched and widely dispersed subject. Coherently and innovatively structured, the handbook brings together a group of international scholars who examine the most important theoretical and comparative perspectives on state recognition, including debates about pathways to secession and self-determination, the broad range of actors and strategies that shape the recognition of states and a significant number of contemporary case studies. The handbook is organised into four key sections: Theoretical and normative perspectives Pathways to independent statehood Actors, forms and the process of state recognition Case studies of contemporary state recognition This handbook will be of great interest to students of foreign policy, international relations, international law, comparative politics and area studies. Chapter 19 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license www.routledge.com/9780815354871
    Keywords: handbook ; state ; recognition ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
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  • 16
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    Hearing Voices, Demonic and Divine (2019)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781472453983, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivative 4.0 license. Experiences of hearing the voice of God (or angels, demons, or other spiritual beings) have generally been understood either as religious experiences or else as a feature of mental illness. Some critics of traditional religious faith have dismissed the visions and voices attributed to biblical characters and saints as evidence of mental disorder. However, it is now known that many ordinary people, with no other evidence of mental disorder, also hear voices and that these voices not infrequently include spiritual or religious content. Psychological and interdisciplinary research has shed a revealing light on these experiences in recent years, so that we now know much more about the phenomenon of "hearing voices" than ever before. The present work considers biblical, historical, and scientific accounts of spiritual and mystical experiences of voice hearing in the Christian tradition in order to explore how some voices may be understood theologically as revelatory. It is proposed that in the incarnation, Christian faith finds both an understanding of what it is to be fully human (a theological anthropology), and God’s perfect self-disclosure (revelation). Within such an understanding, revelatory voices represent a key point of interpersonal encounter between human beings and God.
    Keywords: gods ; avhs ; visionary ; experience ; hebrew ; scripture ; temporal ; lobe ; epilepsy ; religious ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAM Religious issues & debates::HRAM3 Religion & science ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRC Christianity ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAM Religious issues and debates::QRAM3 Religion and science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRM Christianity
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  • 17
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    Chapter 1 Heritages, identities and Europe (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Heritage and Festivals in Europe | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Traditional arts practices and festivals have attracted increasing and diverse attention in the European context since policymakers discovered ‘culture’ as a resource in the 1980s (see, e.g., Kilday 1998 ). Their impact on their respective communities of practice, modes of production and exchange value in contemporary European society is under the spotlight from various angles within the newly emerged fi eld of ‘festival studies’, which is deeply connected to policy issues (Frost 2016 ). However, much of this interest is instrumentally concerned with revenue potential, leaving key concepts, such as heritage, identity and indeed Europe, defi ned in rather vague and often contradictory terms (Kockel, Nic Craith and Frykman 2012 ; Logan, Kockel and Nic Craith 2015 ; K ø lvraa 2016 ; L ä hdesm ä ki 2016 ; Whitehead and Bozo ğ lu 2017 ). Moreover, the number and range of events labelled as ‘festival’ is growing (Frost 2016 : 569), requiring a broader perspective on performances of heritage and identity.
    Keywords: Heritages ; identities ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Chapter 4 Ethics and access when consent must come first (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Formalised procedures to obtain and document informed consent from research participants are at the heart of the shift from informal to formalised research ethics. Critiques claim that the requirements to obtain consent from all potential participants before the onset of a study will make it impossible to do ethnographic research and participant observation in institutional settings such as schools. Drawing on experiences from an ethnographic research project in secondary schools in Norway, the aim of this chapter is to discuss the ethical considerations and, embedded in these, the methodological and analytical challenges involved in doing participant observation in schools where not all pupils and parents have consented to participation in the research. The chapter suggests possible ways forward for tackling these challenges for ethnographic researchers working in schools.
    Keywords: Academic freedom ; education ; educational ethnography ; ethics ; ethics committees ; ethics regulation ; research methods ; situational ethics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Chapter 10 Performing Scots- European heritage, ‘For A’ That!’ (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This chapter focuses on the Scots- speaking community and, in particular, on its use of the Scots language as a means to assert political diff erence in the form of a ‘welcoming, inclusive civic nationalism’ (McFadyen 2018 ).
    Keywords: Scots language ; community ; heritage ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Unintended Consequences of EU External Action (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book offers a conceptualisation of unintended consequences and addresses a set of common research questions, highlighting the nature (what), the causes (why), and the modes of management (how) of unintended consequences of the European Union’s (EU) external action. The chapters in the book engage with conceptual and empirical dimensions of the topic, as well as scholarly and policy implications thereof. They do so by looking at EU external action across various policy domains (including trade, migration, development, state-building, democracy promotion, and rule of law reform) and geographic areas (including the USA, Russia, the Western Balkans, the southern and eastern European neighbourhood, and Africa). The book contributes to the study of the EU as an international actor by broadening the notion of its impact abroad to include the unintended consequences of its (in)actions and by shedding new light on the conceptual paradigms that explain EU external action. This book fills the gap in IR and EU scholarship concerning unintended consequences in an international context and will be of interest to anyone studying this important phenomenon. It was originally published as a special issue of The International Spectator (Italian Journal of International Affairs). Chapters 1, 3, 7, 8 and 9 are available Open Access at https://www.routledge.com/products/9780367346492.
    Keywords: European Union ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
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  • 21
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    Chapter 7 Unintended Consequences of State-building Projects in Contested States (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Unintended Consequences of EU External Action | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The existing literature on state-building has focused mainly on post-conflict cases and ‘conventional’ examples of statehood, without taking into consideration the particularities of states that remain internally and/or externally contested. The EU’s engagement in Palestinian state-building through the deployment of EUPOL COPPS and EUBAM Rafah has generated various types of unintended consequences: anticipated and unanticipated, positive and negative, desirable and undesirable, some of which fulfill and some of which frustrate the initial intention. These have important reverberations for the EU’s conflict resolution strategies in Israel and Palestine, the most important being the strengthening of power imbalances and the enforcement of the status quo.
    Keywords: State-building ; contested statehood ; unintended consequences ; EUPOL COPPS ; EUBAM Rafah ; EU, Palestine ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    Women’s Writing from Wales before 1914 (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This essay collection rediscovers and reassesses a host of still little-known, pre-1914, Welsh women writers. In the last few decades considerable advances have been made towards rediscovering, contextualising, and analysing women’s writing from Wales. The combined influences of the post-1960s women’s movement, the 1990s Welsh devolution successes, and the development of the ‘Four Nations’ school of British literary criticism, have together effected significant advances in the field of Welsh feminist literary studies. This book focuses in particular on: the fifteenth- to eighteenth-century Welsh-language bards, such as Gwerful Mechain, Angharad James, and Marged Dafydd; the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English-language poets, including Katherine Philips, Jane Brereton, Anne Penny, and Anne Hughes; contributors to the Romantic movement in Wales, such as the poets and novelists Mary Robinson and Ann of Swansea; the mid-nineteenth-century protesting voice of polemicists such as Jane Williams (Ysgafell); the Victorian English-language novelists, for example Louisa Matilda Spooner, Anne Beale, Amy Dillwyn, Allen Raine, and Mallt Williams, and their concern with national, class, and gender identities; and early twentieth-century Welsh-language writers engaged with Welsh Home Rule and women’s suffrage issues, such as Gwyneth Vaughan and Eluned Morgan.
    Keywords: Writing ; women ; Wales ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies
    Language: English
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    Chapter 13 Doing Versus Assessing Interactional Competence (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This volume features the latest research findings on L2 interactional competence to demonstrate the potential for developing and implementing research-based pedagogy that targets interactional competence (IC) in early instruction in a variety of L2 learning and teaching contexts. Incorporating contributions from both leading and emerging researchers in the area, the book is organized into four sections to provide a systematic account of interactional competence, defined as a set of skills required to　co-construct an effective interaction with a variety of interlocutors in a variety of settings, and advocates for IC to be part of a well-rounded curriculum of L2 instruction. The volume provides a comprehensive overview of the different theoretical perspectives on IC within Conversation Analysis, and moves into a discussion of conversation-analytic research findings from a variety of contexts and of their pedagogical implications.The book then presents examples of pedagogy in practice and also illustrates the potential for implementing IC in testing settings. This volume makes a valuable contribution to the growing literature on interactional competence and will be of particular interest to graduate students and researchers in applied linguistics, SLA, language education, curriculum and instruction studies, and educational linguistics.
    Keywords: L2 learning ; second language learning ; conversation analysis ; interactional competence ; language education ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics
    Language: English
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    Chapter 19 Engagement without Recognition (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge Handbook of State Recognition | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: state; recognition
    Keywords: state ; recognition ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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    Chapter 2 On the relationship between performance and intangible cultural heritage (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Heritage and Festivals in Europe | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This chapter deliberately ranges across disciplines because we wish to move towards a better understanding of the notion of performance in relation to ICH, where both terms are inherently transdisciplinary. We fi rst examine the concept of performance as it is understood in Theatre and Performance Studies, focussing on those aspects which are pertinent to ICH – embodiment, liminality and effi cacy. Second, we turn to Heritage Studies and outline how ideas of and about performance shape our understanding of heritage and its sociocultural dimensions. Thirdly, and fi nally, we investigate aspects of the tension between the performance of and the research on ICH through the lens of ethnomusicology, a discipline that is shaped by the tensions between the wealth of tacit cultural knowledge acquired by learning to perform works of ICH and the need to communicate such knowledge in research outputs.
    Keywords: performance ; cultural heritage ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Heritage and Festivals in Europe (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Heritage and Festivals in Europe critically investigates the purpose, reach and effects of heritage festivals. Providing a comprehensive and detailed analysis of comparatively selected aspects of intangible cultural heritage, the volume demonstrates how such heritage is mobilised within events that have specific agency, particularly in the production and consumption of intrinsic and instrumental benefits for tourists, local communities and performers. Bringing together experts from a wide range of disciplines, the volume presents case studies from across Europe that consider many different varieties of heritage festivals. Focusing primarily on the popular and institutional practices of heritage making, the book addresses the gap between discourses of heritage at an official level and cultural practice at the local and regional level. Contributors to the volume also study the different factors influencing the sustainable development of tradition as part of intangible cultural heritage at the micro- and meso-levels, and examine underlying structures that are common across different countries. Heritage and Festivals in Europe takes a multidisciplinary approach and as such, should be of interest to scholars and students in the fields of heritage studies, tourism, performing arts, cultural studies and identity studies. Policymakers and practitioners throughout Europe should also find much to interest them within the pages of this volume.
    Keywords: heritage ; festivals ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter 13 Commemorating vanished ‘homelands’ (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: The twentieth century has been described (e.g., Piskorski 2015 ) as a century of displacement. While globally the comparative scale of involuntary population movement may not have diff ered signifi cantly from earlier centuries, its perception has changed radically, leading in the early twenty- fi rst century to the dramatic resurgence of xenophobic populism across Europe and beyond (see Kaya 2017 ; De Cesari and Kaya 2019). Throughout the ‘refugee crisis’ of the 2010s, the German government’s moderate policy towards new migrants was widely criticised. The ideological foundation for that policy was, arguably, the country’s experience of integrating millions of ethnic German expellees and refugees from Central and Eastern Europe in the aftermath of the Second World War.
    Keywords: Germans ; Europe ; homelands ; heritage ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Sustainable Food System Assessment (2019)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: food supply; environmental aspects; sustainable agriculture; nutrition policy
    Keywords: food supply ; environmental aspects ; sustainable agriculture ; nutrition policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning
    Language: English
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    It All Depends on the Dose (2018)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: This is the first volume to take a broad historical sweep of the close relation between medicines and poisons in the Western tradition, and their interconnectedness. They are like two ends of a spectrum, for the same natural material can be medicine or poison, depending on the dose, and poisons can be transformed into medicines, while medicines can turn out to be poisons. The book looks at important moments in the history of the relationship between poisons and medicines in European history, from Roman times, with the Greek physician Galen, through the Renaissance and the maverick physician Paracelsus, to the present, when poisons are actively being turned into beneficial medicines.
    Keywords: Medicines ; poisons ; History ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    Recent Advances in Geomicrobiology of the Ocean Crust (2017)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: Geomicrobiology ; deep biosphere ; IODP ; ocean crust ; iron oxidation ; sulfate reduction ; hydrothermal vents
    Description / Table of Contents: Igneous oceanic crust is one of the largest potential habitats for life on earth, and microbial activity supported by rock-water-microbe reactions in this environment can impact global biogeochemical cycles. However, our understanding of the microbiology of this system, especially the subsurface “deep biosphere” component of it, has traditionally been limited by sample availability and quality. Over the past decade, several major international programs (such as the Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations, the current International Ocean Discovery Program and its predecessor Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, and the Deep Carbon Observatory) have focused on advancing our understanding of life in this cryptic, yet globally relevant, biosphere. Additionally, many field and laboratory research programs are examining hydrothermal vent systems –a seafloor expression of seawater that has been thermally and chemically altered in subseafloor crust – and the microbial communities supported by these mineral-rich fluids. The Frontiers in Microbiology 3 September 2017 | Recent Advances in Geomicrobiology of the Ocean Crust papers in this special issue bring together recent discoveries of microbial presence, diversity and activity in these dynamic ocean environments. Cumulatively, the articles in this special issue serve as a tribute to the late Dr. Katrina J. Edwards, who was a pioneer and profound champion of studying microbes that “rust the crust”. This special issue volume serves as a foundation for the continued exploration of the subsurface ocean crust deep biosphere.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889452835
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-283-5
    Language: English
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    Geomicrobes: Life in Terrestrial Deep Subsurface (2017)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: Terrestrial deep biosphere ; Eukaryotes ; Groundwater ; microbiome ; Heavy metal resistance ; MINE ; Nitrogen Cycle ; Iron oxidation ; Methane ; cave
    Description / Table of Contents: The deep subsurface is, in addition to space, one of the last unknown frontiers to human kind. A significant part of life on Earth resides in the deep subsurface, hiding great potential of microbial life of which we know only little. The conditions in the deep terrestrial subsurface are thought to resemble those of early Earth, which makes this environment an analog for studying early life in addition to possible extraterrestrial life in ultra-extreme conditions. Early microorganisms played a great role in shaping the conditions on the young Earth. Even today deep subsurface microorganisms interact with their geological environment transforming the conditions in the groundwater and on rock surfaces. Essential elements for life are richly present but in difficultly accessible form. The elements driving the microbial deep life is still not completely identified. Most of the microorganisms detected by novel molecular techniques still lack cultured representatives. Nevertheless, using modern sequencing techniques and bioinformatics the functional roles of these microorganisms are being revealed. We are starting to see the differences and similarities between the life in the deep subsurface and surface domains. We may even begin to see the function of evolution by comparing deep life to life closer to the surface of Earth. Deep life consists of organisms from all known domains of life. This Research Topic reveals some of the rich diversity and functional properties of the great biomass residing in the deep dark subsurface.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (141 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889451791
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-179-1
    Language: English
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    Coronal Magnetometry (2017)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: astronomy ; Sun ; solar corona ; Magnetic Fields ; solar flares ; Coronal mass ejections ; magnetohydrodynamics ; spectropolarimetry ; Solar Activity
    Description / Table of Contents: Magnetism defines the complex and dynamic solar corona. It determines the magnetic loop structure that dominates images of the corona, and stores the energy necessary to drive coronal eruptive phenomena and flare explosions. At great heights the corona transitions into the ever-outflowing solar wind, whose speed and three-dimensional morphology are controlled by the global coronal magnetic field. Coronal magnetism is thus at the heart of any understanding of the nature of the corona, and essential for predictive capability of how the Sun affects the Earth. Coronal magnetometry is a subject that requires a concerted effort to draw together the different strands of research happening around the world. Each method provides some information about the field, but none of them can be used to determine the full 3D field structure in the full volume of the corona. Thus, we need to combine them to understand the full picture. The purpose of this Frontiers Research Topic on Coronal Magnetometry is to provide a forum for comparing and coordinating these research methods, and for discussing future opportunities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889452200
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-220-0
    Language: English
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    Deep Carbon in Earth : Early Career Scientist Contributions to the Deep Carbon Observatory (2017)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: carbon ; CO2
    Description / Table of Contents: 06 Editorial: Deep Carbon in Earth: Early Career Scientist Contributions to the Deep Carbon Observatory / Donato Giovannelli, Benjamin A. Black, Alysia D. Cox and Cody S. Sheik --- Carbon Degassing at Volcanoes --- 08 Relationship between Diffuse CO2 Degassing and Volcanic Activity. Case Study of the Poás, Irazú, and Turrialba Volcanoes, Costa Rica / Matthieu Epiard, Geoffroy Avard, J. Maarten de Moor, María Martínez Cruz, Gustav Barrantes Castillo and Henriette Bakkar --- 22 Soil CO2 Degassing Path along Volcano-Tectonic Structures in the Pico-Faial-São Jorge Islands (Azores Archipelago, Portugal) / Fátima Viveiros, Márcio Marcos, Carlos Faria, João L. Gaspar, Teresa Ferreira and Catarina Silva --- The Deep Earth --- 40 Transformations and Decomposition of MnCO3 at Earth’s Lower Mantle Conditions / Eglantine Boulard, Yijin Liu, Ai L. Koh, Mary M. Reagan, Julien Stodolna, Guillaume Morard, Mohamed Mezouar and Wendy L. Mao --- 49 Structure and Dynamics of Confined C-O-H Fluids Relevant to the Subsurface: Application of Magnetic Resonance, Neutron Scattering, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations / Siddharth S. Gautam, Salim Ok and David R. Cole --- 68 An Experimental Study of the Carbonation of Serpentinite and Partially Serpentinised Peridotites / Alicja M. Lacinska, Michael T. Styles, Keith Bateman, Matthew Hall and Paul D. Brown --- Activity of Subsurface Communities --- 88 Improved Measurement of Extracellular Enzymatic Activities in Subsurface Sediments Using Competitive Desorption Treatment / Adrienne Hoarfrost, Rachel Snider and Carol Arnosti --- 99 Microbial Sulfide Filter along a Benthic Redox Gradient in the Eastern Gotland Basin, Baltic Sea / Mustafa Yücel, Stefan Sommer, Andrew W. Dale and Olaf Pfannkuche --- 115 Electron Transfer between Electrically Conductive Minerals and Quinones / Olga Taran --- 128 Reactivation of Deep Subsurface Microbial Community in Response to Methane or Methanol Amendment / Pauliina Rajala and Malin Bomberg --- 141 Response of Deep Subsurface Microbial Community to Different Carbon Sources and Electron Acceptors during ~2 months Incubation in Microcosms / Lotta Purkamo, Malin Bomberg, Mari Nyyssönen, Lasse Ahonen, Ilmo Kukkonen and Merja Itävaara --- 155 Guar Gum Stimulates Biogenic Sulfide Production at Elevated Pressures: Implications for Shale Gas Extraction / Sophie L. Nixon, Leanne Walker, Matthew D. T. Streets, Bob Eden, Christopher Boothman, Kevin G. Taylor and Jonathan R. Lloyd --- Serpentinization and the Carbon Cycle --- 166 Serpentinization-Influenced Groundwater Harbors Extremely Low Diversity Microbial Communities Adapted to High pH / Katrina I. Twing, William J. Brazelton, Michael D. Y. Kubo, Alex J. Hyer, Dawn Cardace, Tori M. Hoehler, Tom M. McCollom and Matthew O. Schrenk --- 182 Methane Dynamics in a Tropical Serpentinizing Environment: The Santa Elena Ophiolite, Costa Rica / Melitza Crespo-Medina, Katrina I. Twing, Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo, William J. Brazelton, Thomas M. McCollom and Matthew O. Schrenk --- Carbon Through Space and Time --- 196 Evaluating the Role of Seagrass in Cenozoic CO2 Variations / Marco Brandano, Marco Cuffaro, Giovanni Gaglianone, Patrizio Petricca, Vincenzo Stagno and Guillem Mateu-Vicens --- 205 The Hyperarid Core of the Atacama Desert, an Extremely Dry and Carbon Deprived Habitat of Potential Interest for the Field of Carbon Science / Armando Azua-Bustos, Carlos González-Silva and Gino Corsini --- Building a Carbon Network --- 211 Weaving a Knowledge Network for Deep Carbon Science / Xiaogang Ma, Patrick West, Stephan Zednik, John Erickson, Ahmed Eleish, Yu Chen, Han Wang, Hao Zhong and Peter Fox
    Pages: Online-Ressource (221 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889453634
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-363-4
    Language: English
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    Integrative Research on Organic Matter Cycling Across Aquatic Gradients (2017)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: Marine Biogeochemistry ; Carbon ; organic matter ; river ; estuarine ; marine ; atmosphere ; dynamics ; ecosystem ; interface ; transition
    Description / Table of Contents: Editorial: Integrative Research on Organic Matter Cycling across Aquatic Gradients / Nicholas D. Ward. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00131 --- Influence of Major Storm Events on the Quantity and Composition of Particulate Organic Matter and the Phytoplankton Community in a Subtropical Estuary, Texas / Nicolas E. Reyna, Amber K. Hardison and Zhanfei Liu. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00043 --- The Fate of Carbon in Sediments of the Xingu and Tapajós Clearwater Rivers, Eastern Amazon / Dailson J. Bertassoli, André O. Sawakuchi, Henrique O. Sawakuchi, Fabiano N. Pupim, Gelvam A. Hartmann, Michael M. McGlue, Cristiano M. Chiessi, Matthias Zabel, Enno Schefuß, Tatiana S. Pereira, Rudney A. Santos, Samantha B. Faustino, Paulo E. Oliveira and Denise C. Bicudo. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00044 --- Flux of Dissolved and Particulate Low-Temperature Pyrogenic Carbon from Two High-Latitude Rivers across the Spring Freshet Hydrograph / Allison N. Myers-Pigg, Patrick Louchouarn and Roman Teisserenc. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00038 --- Environmental Drivers of Dissolved Organic Matter Molecular Composition in the Delaware Estuary / Helena Osterholz, David L. Kirchman, Jutta Niggemann and Thorsten Dittmar. doi: 10.3389/feart.2016.00095 --- Molecular and Optical Properties of Tree-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter in Throughfall and Stemflow from Live Oaks and Eastern Red Cedar / Aron Stubbins, Leticia M. Silva, Thorsten Dittmar and John T. Van Stan. doi: 10.3389/feart.2017.00022 --- Composition and Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Baltic Sea / Michael Seidel, Marcus Manecki, Daniel P. R. Herlemann, Barbara Deutsch, Detlef Schulz-Bull, Klaus Jürgens and Thorsten Dittmar. doi: 10.3389/feart.2017.00031 --- Evaluation of Primary Production in the Lower Amazon River Based on a Dissolved Oxygen Stable Isotopic Mass Balance / William C. Gagne-Maynard, Nicholas D. Ward, Richard G. Keil, Henrique O. Sawakuchi, Alan C. Da Cunha, Vania Neu, Daimio C. Brito, Diani F. Da Silva Less, Joel E. M. Diniz, Aline De Matos Valerio, Milton Kampel, Alex V. Krusche and Jeffrey E. Richey. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00026 --- Surface Gradients in Dissolved Organic Matter Absorption and Fluorescence Properties along the New Zealand Sector of the Southern Ocean / Eurico J. D'Sa and Hyun-cheol Kim. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00021 --- The Genesis and Exodus of Vascular Plant DOM from an Oak Woodland Landscape / Peter J. Hernes, Robert G. M. Spencer, Rachael Y. Dyda, Anthony T. O'Geen and Randy A. Dahlgren. doi: 10.3389/feart.2017.00009 --- Carbon Dioxide Emissions along the Lower Amazon River / Henrique O. Sawakuchi, Vania Neu, Nicholas D. Ward, Maria de Lourdes C. Barros, Aline M. Valerio, William Gagne-Maynard, Alan C. Cunha, Diani F. S. Less, Joel E. M. Diniz, Daimio C. Brito, Alex V. Krusche and Jeffrey E. Richey. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00076 --- Short-Term Dissolved Organic Carbon Dynamics Reflect Tidal, Water Management, and Precipitation Patterns in a Subtropical Estuary / Peter Regier and Rudolf Jaffé. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2016.00250 --- Impact of Wetland Decline on Decreasing Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations along the Mississippi River Continuum / Shuiwang Duan, Yuxiang He, Sujay S. Kaushal, Thomas S. Bianchi, Nicholas D. Ward and Laodong Guo. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2016.00280 --- Microbially-Mediated Transformations of Estuarine Dissolved Organic Matter / Patricia M. Medeiros, Michael Seidel, Scott M. Gifford, Ford Ballantyne, Thorsten Dittmar, William B. Whitman and Mary Ann Moran. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00069 --- Dissolved Organic and Inorganic Carbon Flow Paths in an Amazonian Transitional Forest / Vania Neu, Nicholas D. Ward, Alex V. Krusche and Christopher Neill. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2016.00114
    Pages: Online-Ressource (201 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889452125
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-212-5
    Language: English
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    Sea Level Variability and Change (2017)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: sea level rise ; Climate Change ; coastal flooding ; Extreme sea levels ; storm surge ; Tides ; Coastal morphology ; Meteotsunamis ; Tide gauges ; satellite altimetry
    Description / Table of Contents: There is observational evidence that global mean sea levels are rising and there is concern that the rate of rise will accelerate throughout the 21st century, significantly threatening growing coastal communities. Modern society is vulnerable to even small changes in sea level. More than 600 million people currently live within 10 m of present-day sea level, in an area that generates 10% of the world’s total GDP. An assessment of 136 of the world’s largest port cities estimated that, by the 2070s, the population exposed to flooding risk may grow by more than a factor of three in these cities due to the combined effects of sea level rise, land subsidence, population growth and urbanization, with asset exposure increasing to more than ten times current levels. Therefore, understanding future sea level rise and variability is of utmost importance. In June 2015 we are holding a workshop in Majorca, Spain with a focus on sea level variability and change (see https://slrmallorca.wordpress.com for more details). Over 100 sea level experts from around the world will attend this workshop, from a range of different disciplines. We would like to propose a Research Topic, based on the papers presented at this workshop. The main aims of the workshop are to: 1.) Evaluate the current state-of-knowledge of sea level science; 2.) Identify gaps and unresolved questions in any aspect of sea level science; and 3.) Design future research to address these issue. The workshop will provide a forum for the discussion and the exchange of ideas on key sea level issues, and foster collaboration across the wide range of disciplines involved in sea level research. All aspects of sea level changes will be covered, from global to regional, observations and modelling, processes driving mean sea level changes and extremes, from the geological scale to the instrumental era and future projections and including impacts on the coastal zones.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889451500
    URL: http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/3896/sea-level-variability-and-change
    Language: English
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    Petroleum Microbial Biotechnology : Challenges and Prospects (2017)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: hydrocarbon ; Oil reservoir ; corrosion ; Enhanced Oil Recovery ; methanogenesis ; biosurfactants ; Biodesulfurization ; Energy ; petroleum biotechnology ; Biodegradation
    Description / Table of Contents: Petroleum hydrocarbons are both a product of, and rich substrate for, microorganisms from across all Domains of life. Rooted deeply in the history of microbiology, hydrocarbons have been studied as sources of carbon and energy for microorganisms for over a century. As global demand for petroleum and its refined products continues to rise, so do challenges associated with environmental pollution, oil well souring, infrastructure corrosion, oil recovery, transport, refining, and upgrading of heavy crude oils and bitumens. Advances in genomics, synthetic biology and metabolic engineering has invigorated interest in petroleum microbial biotechnology as interest grows in technologies for in situ methane production, biodesulfurization and biodenitrogenation, bio-upgrading of heavy crudes, microbial enhanced oil recovery, corrosion control, and biocatalysts for generating value-added products. Given the complexity of the global petroleum industry and the harsh conditions in which it operates, a deeper understanding of the ecophysiology of aerobic and anaerobic microbial communities that have associations with petroleum hydrocarbons is needed if robust technologies are to be deployed successfully. This research topic highlights recent advances in microbial enhanced oil recovery, methanogenic hydrocarbon metabolism and carbon dioxide sequestration, bioremediation, microbiologically influenced corrosion, biodesulfurization, and the application of metagenomics to better understand microbial communities associated with petroleum hydrocarbons.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889452569
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-256-9
    Language: English
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    Studying Tree Responses to Extreme Events (2017)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: Extreme climate events ; Tree response ; wood functional traits ; Ecophysiology ; Genetic plasticity ; Manipulation experiments ; mechanistic modeling ; forest management
    Description / Table of Contents: Trees are among the longest-living organisms. They are sensitive to extreme climatic events and document the effects of environmental changes in form of structural modifications of their tissues. These modifications represent an integrated signal of complex biological responses enforced by the environment. For example, temporal change in stem increment integrates multiple information of tree performance, and wood anatomical traits may be altered by climatic extremes or environmental stress. Recent developments in preparative tools and computational image analysis enable to quantify changes in wood anatomical features, like vessel density or vessel size. Thus, impacts on their functioning can be related to climatic forcing factors. Similarly, new developments in monitoring (cambial) phenology and mechanistic modelling are enlightening the interrelationships between environmental factors, wood formation and tree performance and mortality. Quantitative wood anatomy is a reliable indicator of drought occurrence during the growing season, and therefore has been studied intensively in recent years. The variability in wood anatomy not only alters the biological and hydraulic functioning of a tree, but may also influence the technological properties of wood, with substantial impacts in forestry. On a larger scale, alterations of sapwood and phloem area and their ratios to other functional traits provide measures to detect changes in a tree’s life functions, and increasing risk of drought-induced mortality with possible impacts on hydrological processes and species composition of plant communities. Genetic variability within and across populations is assumed to be crucial for species survival in an unpredictable future world. The magnitude of genetic variation and heritability of adaptive traits might define the ability to adapt to climate change. Is there a relation between genetic variability and resilience to climate change? Is it possible to link genetic expression and climate change to obtain deeper knowledge of functional genetics? To derive precise estimates of genetic determinism it is important to define adaptive traits in wood properties and on a whole-tree scale. Understanding the mechanisms ruling these processes is fundamental to assess the impact of extreme climate events on forest ecosystems, and to provide realistic scenarios of tree responses to changing climates. Wood is also a major carbon sink with a long-term residence, impacting the global carbon cycle. How well do we understand the link between wood growth dynamics, wood carbon allocation and the global carbon cycle? Papers contribution to this Research Topic will cover a wide range of ecosystems. However, special relevance will be given to Mediterranean-type areas. These involve coastal regions of four continents, making Mediterranean-type ecosystems extremely interesting for investigating the potential impacts of global change on growth and for studying responses of woody plants under extreme environmental conditions. For example, the ongoing trend towards warmer temperatures and reduced precipitation can increase the susceptibility to fire and pests. The EU-funded COST Action STREeSS (Studying Tree Responses to extreme Events: a SynthesiS) addresses such crucial tree biological and forest ecological issues by providing a collection of important methodological and scientific insights, about the current state of knowledge, and by opinions for future research needs.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (466 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889451920
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-192-0
    Language: English
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    Evaluation of Building Resilience under Earthquake Input Using Single, Double and Multiple Impulses (2017)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: Earthquake Response ; resilience ; Building ; base isolation ; structural control ; impulse ; Earthquake ground motion ; energy balance ; robustness ; Seismic resistance
    Description / Table of Contents: This eBook is the third in a series of books on the critical earthquake response of elastic or elastic-plastic structures under near-fault or long-duration ground motions, and includes four original research papers which were published in the specialty section Earthquake Engineering in ‘Frontiers in Built Environment’. Several extensions of the first eBook and the second eBook are included here. The first article is on the earthquake resilience of residential houses after repeated ground motions with high intensity. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake brought a significant impact on the earthquake resilience of residential houses under repeated ground motions with high intensity in a few days. The necessary strength upgrade withstanding two repeated high-intensity ground motions was found to be 1.5. The second article is concerned with the smart enhancement of earthquake resilience of building structures under both near-fault and long-duration ground motions. A hybrid system of base-isolation and building connection control was proposed and its earthquake resilience to near-fault and long-duration ground motions was evaluated by a double impulse and a multiple impulse. It was demonstrated that the base-isolation is effective for near-fault ground motions and the building connection system using passive dampers is effective for long-duration ground motions. The third article is related to the robustness evaluation of elastic-plastic base-isolated high-rise buildings under resonant near-fault ground motions. The robustness function was introduced to evaluate quantitatively the robustness of elastic-plastic base-isolated high-rise buildings. The fourth article is an extension of the previously proposed energy balance approach to a bilinear elastic-plastic single-degree-of-freedom system under a long-duration sinusoidal ground motion. A historical difficulty in nonlinear vibration posed by Caughey (1960) and Iwan (1961) has been overcome in a smart manner after half a century. The approach presented in this eBook, together with the previous eBooks, is an epoch-making accomplishment to open the door for simpler and deeper understanding of structural reliability and resilience of built environments in the elastic-plastic and nonlinear range.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (61 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889452705
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-270-5
    Language: English
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    Stress Field Control of Eruption Dynamics (2017)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Volcanic Eruptions ; stress field ; Eruption dynamics ; Eruption triggering
    Description / Table of Contents: Increasing evidence supports the claim that stress changes play a fundamental role in triggering volcanic eruptions. Stress changes may vary in origin to include earthquakes, erosion and landslide processes, deglaciation, or tidal effects. The local stress can also change as response of magma influx from deeper reservoirs and an increase of the magma/gas pressure. The stress transfer may be of great importance in reawakening a dormant system. As an example, significant statistical correlation of large earthquakes and eruptions in time and space was suggested in many works. The interaction may be two-fold; where magma intrusions may change the stress at active faults and trigger earthquakes, while tectonic earthquakes may affect the magmatic system and change the eruption activity. The change in local tectonic stress has been claimed as trigger of large ignimbrite eruptions or for controlling the eruptive style of explosive eruptions. Sometimes volcano systems that are nested or closely located may become active in chorus; neighbouring volcanoes may interact in the sense that one volcano triggers its neighbouring volcano. However, although there is ample evidence of concurrence, the processes of interacting volcanoes and near- to far-field tectonic stress are not well understood. Some studies suggest that volcanic eruptions are triggered if compressive stress acts at the magma system and “squeezes” out magma. Other studies suggest that extensional stress fields facilitate magma rise and thus encourage eruptions, or that fluctuating compression and extension during the passing of seismic waves trigger eruptions. This research topic tries to address some of the important open questions in interaction between stress field and volcanic eruption, though both review papers and new contributions.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (131 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889452774
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-277-4
    Language: English
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    Microbial Responses to Environmental Changes (2016)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: microbial ecology ; biogeochemistry ; stoichiometry ; Climate Change ; soil microbiology ; elemental fluxes ; Respiration ; aquatic microbiology ; microbiology
    Description / Table of Contents: Advances in next generation sequencing technologies, omics, and bioinformatics are revealing a tremendous and unsuspected diversity of microbes, both at a compositional and functional level. Moreover, the expansion of ecological concepts into microbial ecology has greatly advanced our comprehension of the role microbes play in the functioning of ecosystems across a wide range of biomes. Super-imposed on this new information about microbes, their functions and how they are organized, environmental gradients are changing rapidly, largely driven by direct and indirect human activities. In the context of global change, understanding the mechanisms that shape microbial communities is pivotal to predict microbial responses to novel selective forces and their implications at the local as well as global scale. One of the main features of microbial communities is their ability to react to changes in the environment. Thus, many studies have reported changes in the performance and composition of communities along environmental gradients. However, the mechanisms underlying these responses remain unclear. It is assumed that the response of microbes to changes in the environment is mediated by a complex combination of shifts in the physiological properties, single-cell activities, or composition of communities: it may occur by means of physiological adjustments of the taxa present in a community or selecting towards more tolerant/better adapted phylotypes. Knowing whether certain factors trigger one, many, or all mechanisms would greatly increase confidence in predictions of future microbial composition and processes. This Research Topic brings together studies that applied the latest molecular techniques for studying microbial composition and functioning and integrated ecological, biogeochemical and/or modeling approaches to provide a comprehensive and mechanistic perspective of the responses of micro-organisms to environmental changes. This Research Topic presents new findings on environmental parameters influencing microbial communities, the type and magnitude of response and differences in the response among microbial groups, and which collectively deepen our current understanding and knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of microbial structural and functional responses to environmental changes and gradients in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The body of work has, furthermore, identified many challenges and questions that yet remain to be addressed and new perspectives to follow up on.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (263 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889197231
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-723-1
    Language: English
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    Climate Change and Marine Top Predators (2016)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
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    Keywords: climate ; Climate Change ; marine mammals ; predators ; seabirds ; trophic interactions
    Description / Table of Contents: Climate change affects all components of marine ecosystems. For endothermic top predators, i.e. seabirds and marine mammals, these impacts are often complex and mediated through trophic relationships. In this Research Topic, leading researchers attempt to identify patterns of change among seabirds and marine mammals, and the mechanisms through which climate change drives these changes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889197361
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-736-1
    Language: English
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    The Atmosphere over Mountainous Regions (2016)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: Cold air pools ; Downslope winds ; Horizontal inhomogeneity ; Hydraulic jumps ; Large eddy simulation ; mountain waves ; orographic precipitation ; Sub-mesoscale circulations ; Thermally-driven flows ; Turbulent fluxes
    Description / Table of Contents: 05 Editorial: The Atmosphere over Mountainous Regions / Miguel A. C. Teixeira, Daniel J. Kirshbaum, Haraldur Ólafsson, Peter F. Sheridan and Ivana Stiperski --- 07 Possible observation of horizontal roll vortices over the Adriatic Sea during bora / Danijel Belušić, Željko Večenaj and Margaret A. LeMone --- 14 Lee Waves on the Boundary-Layer Inversion and Their Dependence on Free-Atmospheric Stability / Johannes Sachsperger, Stefano Serafin and Vanda Grubišic’ --- 25 Non-linear Topographic Effects in Two-Layer Flows / Peter G. Baines and Edward R. Johnson --- 35 The Quasi-Steady State of the Valley Wind System / Juerg Schmidli and Richard Rotunno --- 46 Convective Boundary Layer Heights Over Mountainous Terrain—A Review of Concepts / Stephan F. J. De Wekker and Meinolf Kossmann --- 68 On the Vertical Exchange of Heat, Mass, and Momentum Over Complex, Mountainous Terrain / Mathias W. Rotach, Alexander Gohm, Moritz N. Lang, Daniel Leukauf, Ivana Stiperski and Johannes S. Wagner --- 82 Identification and Climatology of Alpine Pumping from a Regional Climate Simulation / Maximilian Graf, Meinolf Kossmann, Kristina Trusilova and Gudrun Mühlbacher --- 93 The Atmospheric Boundary Layer during Wintertime Persistent Inversions in the Grenoble Valleys / Yann Largeron and Chantal Staquet --- 112 Energetics of Slope Flows: Linear and Weakly Nonlinear Solutions of the Extended Prandtl Model / Ivan Güttler , Ivana Marinović, Željko Večenaj and Branko Grisogono --- 125 When Can a High-Resolution Simulation Over Complex Terrain be Called LES? / Joan Cuxart --- 131 Influence of the Details of Topography on Weather Forecast – Evaluation of HARMONIE Experiments in the Sochi Olympics Domain over the Caucasian Mountains / Laura Rontu, Clemens Wastl and Sami Niemelä --- 147 Effects of Landfall Location and Approach Angle of an Idealized Tropical Cyclone over a Long Mountain Range / Liping Liu, Yuh-Lang Lin and Shu-Hua Chen
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889450169
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-016-9
    Language: English
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    Hydrothermal Microbial Ecosystems (2015)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
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    Keywords: hydrothermal vents ; extremophiles ; marine sediments ; Guaymas basin ; microbial biogeography ; microbiology
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrothermally influenced microbial habitats and communities represent a much wider spectrum of geological setting, chemical in-situ regimes, and biotic community than the classical examples from basalt-hosted black smoker chimneys at active mid-ocean spreading centers. Hydrothermal vent ecosystems now include hydrothermally heated and chemically altered sediments, microbiota fueled by serpentinization reactions, and low-temperature vents with unusual menus of electron donors. Novel marine provinces and hydrothermal areas are being charted and explored, such as new hydrothermal vent systems in the Arctic, around Antarctica, in the Western Pacific and in the Indian Ocean. Novel environmental gradients and niches provide habitats for unusual or unprecedented microorganisms and microbial ecosystems. The discovery of novel extremophiles such as Aciduliprofundum and the Nanoarchaeota underscores that hydrothermal vent microbial communities can no longer be characterized as assemblages of only “typical” sulfur oxidizers, methanogens and heterotrophs. Different stages of hydrothermal activity, from early onset to peak activity, gradual decline, and persistence of cold and fossil vent sites, correspond to different colonization waves by microorganisms as well as megafauna. This research topic will continue to stretch the limits of hydrothermal vent microbiology, and also provide a forum for the chemical and microbial linkages of hydrothermal vents to the ocean water column and the ocean crust or sedimentary subsurface.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (286 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889196821
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-682-1
    Language: English
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    The Microbial Nitrogen Cycle (2015)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
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    Keywords: nitrogen cycle ; microbial ecology ; nitrogen fixation ; denitrification ; Anammox ; nitrification ; microbiology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, and one that often limits production in both aquatic and terrestrial systems. Due to its requirement in biological macromolecules, its acquisition and cycling have the potential to structure microbial communities, as well as to control productivity on the ecosystem scale. In addition, its versatile redox chemistry is the basis of complex biogeochemical transformations that control the inventory of fixed nitrogen, both in local environments and over geological time. Although many of the pathways in the microbial nitrogen cycle were described more than a century ago, additional fundamental pathways have been discovered only recently. These findings imply that we still have much to learn about the microbial nitrogen cycle, the organisms responsible for it, and their interactions in natural and human environments. Progress in nitrogen cycle research has been facilitated by recent rapid technological advances, especially in genomics and isotopic approaches. In this Research Topic, we reviewed the leading edge of nitrogen cycle research based on these approaches, as well as by exploring microbial processes in modern ecosystems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (175 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889194124
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-412-4
    Language: English
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    Virus Ecology and Disturbances: Impact of Environmental Disruption on the Viruses of Microorganisms (2015)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
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    Keywords: bacteriophages ; environmental disturbance ; phage ecology ; aquatic microbiology ; phage therapy ; metaviromes ; evolution ; microarrays ; microbiology
    Description / Table of Contents: Viruses infect numerous microorganisms including, predominantly, Bacteria (bacteriophages or phages) but also Archaea, Protists, and Fungi. They are the most abundant and ubiquitous biological entities on Earth and are important drivers of ecosystem functioning. Little is known, however, about the vast majority of these viruses of microorganisms, or VoMs. Modern techniques such as metagenomics have enabled the discovery and description of more presumptive VoMs than ever before, but also have exposed gaps in our understanding of VoM ecology. Exploring the ecology of these viruses – which is how they interact with host organisms, the abiotic environment, larger organisms, and even other viruses across a variety of environments and conditions – is the next frontier. Integration of a growing molecular understanding of VoMs with ecological studies will expand our knowledge of ecosystem dynamics. Ecology can be studied at multiple levels including individual organisms, populations, communities, whole ecosystems, and the entire biosphere. Ecology additionally can consider normal, equilibrium conditions or instead perturbations. Perturbations are of particular interest because measuring the effect of disturbances on VoM-associated communities provides important windows into how VoMs contribute to ecosystem dynamics. These disturbances in turn can be studied through in vitro, in vivo, and in situ experimentation, measuring responses by VoM-associated communities to changes in nutrient availability, stress, physical disruption, seasonality, etc., and could apply to studies at all ecological levels. These are considered here across diverse systems and environments.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (95 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889194483
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-448-3
    Language: English
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    Deep Subsurface Microbiology (2015)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
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    Keywords: deep subsurface ; marine sediment ; deep biosphere ; ocean crust ; subseafloor sediment ; Methane ; Peru margin ; Hydrogen ; acetogenesis ; sulfate reduction ; microbiology
    Description / Table of Contents: Deep subsurface microbiology is a highly active and rapidly advancing research field at the interface of microbiology and the geosciences; it focuses on the detection, identification, quantification, cultivation and activity measurements of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes that permeate the subsurface biosphere of deep marine sediments and the basaltic ocean and continental crust. The deep subsurface biosphere abounds with uncultured, only recently discovered and – at best - incompletely understood microbial populations. In spatial extent and volume, Earth’s subsurface biosphere is only rivaled by the deep sea water column. So far, no deep subsurface sediment has been found that is entirely devoid of microbial life; microbial cells and DNA remain detectable at sediment depths of more than 1 km; microbial life permeates deeply buried hydrocarbon reservoirs, and is also found several kilometers down in continental crust aquifers. Severe energy limitation, either as electron acceptor or donor shortage, and scarcity of microbially degradable organic carbon sources are among the evolutionary pressures that have shaped the genomic and physiological repertoire of the deep subsurface biosphere. Its biogeochemical role as long-term organic carbon repository, inorganic electron and energy source, and subduction recycling engine continues to be explored by current research at the interface of microbiology, geochemistry and biosphere/geosphere evolution. This Research Topic addresses some of the central research questions about deep subsurface microbiology and biogeochemistry: phylogenetic and physiological microbial diversity in the deep subsurface; microbial activity and survival strategies in severely energy-limited subsurface habitats; microbial activity as reflected in process rates and gene expression patterns; biogeographic isolation and connectivity in deep subsurface microbial communities; the ecological standing of subsurface biospheres in comparison to the surface biosphere – an independently flourishing biosphere, or mere survivors that tolerate burial (along with organic carbon compounds), or a combination of both? Advancing these questions on Earth’s deep subsurface biosphere redefines the habitat range, environmental tolerance, activity and diversity of microbial life.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (303 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889195367
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-536-7
    Language: English
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    Beyond the Iron Age : The ecological relevance of bioactive trace metals other than Fe and organic growth factors in aquatic systems (2015)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: microbiology ; carbon cycle ; B vitamins ; cobalamin ; thiamin ; Pyridoxin ; Trace metals ; Molybdenum ; Vanadium ; Nickel ; Copper ; Coenzymes
    Description / Table of Contents: In the last three decades, research has extensively focused on the role of Fe and other mineral nutrients in regulating biological processes, ranging from the surface to the deep ocean. This has produced major breakthroughs in our understanding of the fundamental role of those bioactive elements on the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles and ecosystem function. However, biological processes cannot be entirely sustained by that small set of chemical elements, and new scientific evidence suggests that trace metals other than Fe (e.g., Co, Mo and Ni) as well as essential organic growth factors (e.g., vitamins) may also be crucial in most aquatic systems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (109 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889195466
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-546-6
    Language: English
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    Circulation Weather Types as a Tool in Atmospheric, Climate and Environmental Research (2015)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
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    Keywords: meteorology ; weather ; atmosphere ; atmospheric sciences ; climate research ; environmental research
    Description / Table of Contents: Classifications of circulation weather systems have a long history in meteorology and climatology. Starting with manual classifications over specific regions of the globe, these tools (generally called “catalogs of synoptic types”) were restricted mainly to weather forecasting and historical climate variability studies. In the last decades, the advance of computing resources and the availability of datasets have fostered the development of fast and objective methods that process large amount of data. In recent years numerous methods of circulation type classification have been designed, showing their usefulness on a wide range of applications in scientific domains related to weather, climate, and environment. This Research Topic highlights methodological advances in circulation weather types and also their applications to different research areas. The articles included in this research topic show that circulation weather types can be used not only in Europe, where they have been always more frequent, but also applied to other regions of the world.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (153 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889196418
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-641-8
    Language: English
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