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  • Adult  (170)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (168)
  • Springer  (2)
  • 2015-2019  (19)
  • 1980-1984  (151)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merrigan, Kathleen -- Griffin, Timothy -- Wilde, Parke -- Robien, Kimberly -- Goldberg, Jeanne -- Dietz, William -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 9;350(6257):165-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aab2031. Epub 2015 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration, the George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. kmerrigan@gwu.edu. ; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA. ; Milken Institute School of Public Health, the George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26429883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Diet/*standards ; Food Assistance ; Food Technology/*standards ; Humans ; *Nutrition Policy ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: During rest, brain activity is synchronized between different regions widely distributed throughout the brain, forming functional networks. However, the molecular mechanisms supporting functional connectivity remain undefined. We show that functional brain networks defined with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging can be recapitulated by using measures of correlated gene expression in a post mortem brain tissue data set. The set of 136 genes we identify is significantly enriched for ion channels. Polymorphisms in this set of genes significantly affect resting-state functional connectivity in a large sample of healthy adolescents. Expression levels of these genes are also significantly associated with axonal connectivity in the mouse. The results provide convergent, multimodal evidence that resting-state functional networks correlate with the orchestrated activity of dozens of genes linked to ion channel activity and synaptic function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richiardi, Jonas -- Altmann, Andre -- Milazzo, Anna-Clare -- Chang, Catie -- Chakravarty, M Mallar -- Banaschewski, Tobias -- Barker, Gareth J -- Bokde, Arun L W -- Bromberg, Uli -- Buchel, Christian -- Conrod, Patricia -- Fauth-Buhler, Mira -- Flor, Herta -- Frouin, Vincent -- Gallinat, Jurgen -- Garavan, Hugh -- Gowland, Penny -- Heinz, Andreas -- Lemaitre, Herve -- Mann, Karl F -- Martinot, Jean-Luc -- Nees, Frauke -- Paus, Tomas -- Pausova, Zdenka -- Rietschel, Marcella -- Robbins, Trevor W -- Smolka, Michael N -- Spanagel, Rainer -- Strohle, Andreas -- Schumann, Gunter -- Hawrylycz, Mike -- Poline, Jean-Baptiste -- Greicius, Michael D -- IMAGEN consortium -- 93558/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 MH085772-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01NS073498/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 EB020403/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- Department of Health/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1241-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1255905. Epub 2015 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Laboratory of Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. jonas.richiardi@unige.ch greicius@stanford.edu. ; Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; The War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA. Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada. Departments of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. ; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. ; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. ; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. ; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. ; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada. ; Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. ; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. ; Neurospin, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris, France. ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. ; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. ; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. ; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, France. INSERM Unit 1000 at Maison de Solenn, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris (APHP), Cochin Hospital, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. ; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. ; The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. ; Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. ; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany. ; Department of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany. ; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. Medical Research Council (MRC) Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK. ; Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. ; Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. jonas.richiardi@unige.ch greicius@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Ion Channels/*genetics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mice ; Nerve Net/metabolism/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/metabolism/physiology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Rest/*physiology ; Synapses/metabolism/physiology ; *Transcriptome ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):16. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6243.16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; *Attitude ; Data Collection ; Female ; Global Warming ; Humans ; Nuclear Energy ; Politics ; *Public Opinion ; *Research ; Sex Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are often characterized as remedies to educational disparities related to social class. Using data from 68 MOOCs offered by Harvard and MIT between 2012 and 2014, we found that course participants from the United States tended to live in more-affluent and better-educated neighborhoods than the average U.S. resident. Among those who did register for courses, students with greater socioeconomic resources were more likely to earn a certificate. Furthermore, these differences in MOOC access and completion were larger for adolescents and young adults, the traditional ages where people find on-ramps into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) coursework and careers. Our findings raise concerns that MOOCs and similar approaches to online learning can exacerbate rather than reduce disparities in educational outcomes related to socioeconomic status.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, John D -- Reich, Justin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1245-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3782. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. john_hansen@mail.harvard.edu. ; Office of Digital Learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Career Choice ; Certification/*methods ; Education, Distance/*methods ; Engineering/education ; Humans ; Internet ; Learning ; Mathematics/education ; *Online Systems ; Science/education ; *Social Class ; Students ; Technology/education ; United States ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-11-01
    Description: It is unknown whether the human immune system frequently mounts a T cell response against mutations expressed by common epithelial cancers. Using a next-generation sequencing approach combined with high-throughput immunologic screening, we demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from 9 out of 10 patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancers contained CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) T cells that recognized one to three neo-epitopes derived from somatic mutations expressed by the patient's own tumor. There were no immunogenic epitopes shared between these patients. However, we identified in one patient a human leukocyte antigen-C*08:02-restricted T cell receptor from CD8(+) TILs that targeted the KRAS(G12D) hotspot driver mutation found in many human cancers. Thus, a high frequency of patients with common gastrointestinal cancers harbor immunogenic mutations that can potentially be exploited for the development of highly personalized immunotherapies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tran, Eric -- Ahmadzadeh, Mojgan -- Lu, Yong-Chen -- Gros, Alena -- Turcotte, Simon -- Robbins, Paul F -- Gartner, Jared J -- Zheng, Zhili -- Li, Yong F -- Ray, Satyajit -- Wunderlich, John R -- Somerville, Robert P -- Rosenberg, Steven A -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1387-90. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1253. Epub 2015 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. sar@mail.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/*genetics/*immunology/therapy ; HLA-C Antigens/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics/immunology ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Precision Medicine/methods ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; ras Proteins/genetics/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-09-12
    Description: Monoclonal antibodies directed against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), such as ipilimumab, yield considerable clinical benefit for patients with metastatic melanoma by inhibiting immune checkpoint activity, but clinical predictors of response to these therapies remain incompletely characterized. To investigate the roles of tumor-specific neoantigens and alterations in the tumor microenvironment in the response to ipilimumab, we analyzed whole exomes from pretreatment melanoma tumor biopsies and matching germline tissue samples from 110 patients. For 40 of these patients, we also obtained and analyzed transcriptome data from the pretreatment tumor samples. Overall mutational load, neoantigen load, and expression of cytolytic markers in the immune microenvironment were significantly associated with clinical benefit. However, no recurrent neoantigen peptide sequences predicted responder patient populations. Thus, detailed integrated molecular characterization of large patient cohorts may be needed to identify robust determinants of response and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Allen, Eliezer M -- Miao, Diana -- Schilling, Bastian -- Shukla, Sachet A -- Blank, Christian -- Zimmer, Lisa -- Sucker, Antje -- Hillen, Uwe -- Foppen, Marnix H Geukes -- Goldinger, Simone M -- Utikal, Jochen -- Hassel, Jessica C -- Weide, Benjamin -- Kaehler, Katharina C -- Loquai, Carmen -- Mohr, Peter -- Gutzmer, Ralf -- Dummer, Reinhard -- Gabriel, Stacey -- Wu, Catherine J -- Schadendorf, Dirk -- Garraway, Levi A -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 9;350(6257):207-11. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0095. Epub 2015 Sep 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium(DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center(DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany. Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center(DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany. Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University Medical Center, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany. ; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany. ; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany. ; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany. ; Department of Dermatology, Elbe-Kliniken, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany. ; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Hannover, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium(DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany. levi_garraway@dfci.harvard.edu dirk.schadendorf@uk-essen.de. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. levi_garraway@dfci.harvard.edu dirk.schadendorf@uk-essen.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Antigens, Neoplasm/*genetics ; *Biomarkers, Pharmacological ; CTLA-4 Antigen/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints/genetics/immunology ; Cohort Studies ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Exome ; Female ; Genomics ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Melanoma/*drug therapy/*genetics/secondary ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Skin Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*genetics/pathology ; Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects/immunology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: Antibodies targeting CTLA-4 have been successfully used as cancer immunotherapy. We find that the antitumor effects of CTLA-4 blockade depend on distinct Bacteroides species. In mice and patients, T cell responses specific for B. thetaiotaomicron or B. fragilis were associated with the efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade. Tumors in antibiotic-treated or germ-free mice did not respond to CTLA blockade. This defect was overcome by gavage with B. fragilis, by immunization with B. fragilis polysaccharides, or by adoptive transfer of B. fragilis-specific T cells. Fecal microbial transplantation from humans to mice confirmed that treatment of melanoma patients with antibodies against CTLA-4 favored the outgrowth of B. fragilis with anticancer properties. This study reveals a key role for Bacteroidales in the immunostimulatory effects of CTLA-4 blockade.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721659/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721659/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vetizou, Marie -- Pitt, Jonathan M -- Daillere, Romain -- Lepage, Patricia -- Waldschmitt, Nadine -- Flament, Caroline -- Rusakiewicz, Sylvie -- Routy, Bertrand -- Roberti, Maria P -- Duong, Connie P M -- Poirier-Colame, Vichnou -- Roux, Antoine -- Becharef, Sonia -- Formenti, Silvia -- Golden, Encouse -- Cording, Sascha -- Eberl, Gerard -- Schlitzer, Andreas -- Ginhoux, Florent -- Mani, Sridhar -- Yamazaki, Takahiro -- Jacquelot, Nicolas -- Enot, David P -- Berard, Marion -- Nigou, Jerome -- Opolon, Paule -- Eggermont, Alexander -- Woerther, Paul-Louis -- Chachaty, Elisabeth -- Chaput, Nathalie -- Robert, Caroline -- Mateus, Christina -- Kroemer, Guido -- Raoult, Didier -- Boneca, Ivo Gomperts -- Carbonnel, Franck -- Chamaillard, Mathias -- Zitvogel, Laurence -- R01 CA161879/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1079-84. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1329. Epub 2015 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Micalis-UMR1319, 78360 Jouy-en-Josas, France. ; University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunite de Lille (CIIL), F-59000 Lille, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. ; Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University, New York, NY, USA. ; Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. ; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. ; Department of Genetics and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. Metabolomics Platform, GRCC, Villejuif, France. ; Animalerie Centrale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse, France. Universite de Toulouse, Universite Paul Sabatier, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. ; Service de microbiologie, GRCC, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, UMS 3655 CNRS/US 23 INSERM, GRCC, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. INSERM U981, GRCC, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. ; Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. Metabolomics Platform, GRCC, Villejuif, France. INSERM U848, Villejuif, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France. Pole de Biologie, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France. ; Unite des Rickettsies, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de la Mediterranee, Marseille, France. ; Institut Pasteur, Unit of Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, Paris, France. INSERM, Equipe Avenir, Paris, France. ; University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Gastroenterology Department, Hopital Bicetre, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France. laurence.zitvogel@gustaveroussy.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26541610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Bacteroides/*immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen/*antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Dysbiosis/immunology ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects/*immunology ; Germ-Free Life/immunology ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Immunotherapy ; Intestines/immunology/microbiology ; Male ; Melanoma/*therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; Skin Neoplasms/*therapy ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: Although people may endorse egalitarianism and tolerance, social biases can remain operative and drive harmful actions in an unconscious manner. Here, we investigated training to reduce implicit racial and gender bias. Forty participants processed counterstereotype information paired with one sound for each type of bias. Biases were reduced immediately after training. During subsequent slow-wave sleep, one sound was unobtrusively presented to each participant, repeatedly, to reactivate one type of training. Corresponding bias reductions were fortified in comparison with the social bias not externally reactivated during sleep. This advantage remained 1 week later, the magnitude of which was associated with time in slow-wave and rapid-eye-movement sleep after training. We conclude that memory reactivation during sleep enhances counterstereotype training and that maintaining a bias reduction is sleep-dependent.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4467959/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4467959/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, Xiaoqing -- Antony, James W -- Creery, Jessica D -- Vargas, Iliana M -- Bodenhausen, Galen V -- Paller, Ken A -- F31 MH100958/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F31-MH100958/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32 AG020506/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32-AG020418/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 29;348(6238):1013-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3841.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. ; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. ; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. kap@northwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26023137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Cognition ; Continental Population Groups/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Prejudice/*psychology ; Sex Factors ; Sleep, REM/*physiology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: We studied the distributional preferences of an elite cadre of Yale Law School students, a group that will assume positions of power in U.S. society. Our experimental design allows us to test whether redistributive decisions are consistent with utility maximization and to decompose underlying preferences into two qualitatively different tradeoffs: fair-mindedness versus self-interest, and equality versus efficiency. Yale Law School subjects are more consistent than subjects drawn from the American Life Panel, a diverse sample of Americans. Relative to the American Life Panel, Yale Law School subjects are also less fair-minded and substantially more efficiency-focused. We further show that our measure of equality-efficiency tradeoffs predicts Yale Law School students' career choices: Equality-minded subjects are more likely to be employed at nonprofit organizations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisman, Raymond -- Jakiela, Pamela -- Kariv, Shachar -- Markovits, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 18;349(6254):aab0096. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0096.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. rfisman@bu.edu. ; Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. ; Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkely, CA, USA. ; Yale Law School, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26383958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administrative Personnel/*psychology ; Adult ; Attitude ; *Career Choice ; Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Organizations, Nonprofit ; *Power (Psychology) ; Public Opinion ; *Resource Allocation ; Social Justice/*psychology ; Students ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fraser, Barbara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1304. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6266.1304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26659035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anthropology ; Brazil ; Child ; *Communicable Disease Control ; Communicable Diseases/*immunology ; Conflict (Psychology) ; *Epidemiological Monitoring ; Health ; Humans ; Immunity ; Male ; *Population Groups ; Rivers ; *Social Isolation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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