ALBERT

Beschreibung: Despite an absence of freshwater exploitation, the adult salmon run in the Matamek River, Quebec, declined during 1975-1980 to 〈23% of the level thought to occur there prior to 1967. Returns in 1979 and 1980 of adults tagged as smolts were 1.0% and 0.9%, respectively. Numbers of emigrating smolts and their corresponding adult returns are not significantly correlated, although we observed a trend towards more salmon (2 sea year fish) returning with larger numbers of migrating smolts. Since 1967 there is noted a decrease in the age at which returning adults smolted and females appear to now constitute a larger percentage of returning grilse and salmon. These, and other changes in life history characteristics, appear to be caused solely by commercial exploitation.

Beschreibung: Prepared by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the Department of Recreation, Fish and Game of the Province of Quebec.

Beschreibung: From the Forward: The idea for an Exploratory Workshop on Fisheries Sociology emerged from informal discussions held at the 1983 Rural Sociological Society meetings. Planning for the Exploratory Workshop was undertaken by the two of us (Bailey and Harris) with the assistance of Peter Sinclair and Christopher Vanderpool. We sought to identify persons working in different areas of the sociology of fisheries who could present review papers on their areas of inquiry. The papers in this volume are the result of that effort. At the same time, we sought to identify persons who would be interested in attending such a workshop• By combining our personal networks, the mailing list of the Fisheries Anthropologist at the National Marine Fisheries Service (Peter Fricke), and the list of attendees at two sessions on fisheries organized by Bailey at the 1984 Rural Sociological Society meetings, we developed a mailing list of 83 sociologists working on some aspect of fisheries. Invitations to attend the workshop were sent to those persons. In response to the invitation, 24 sociologists attended the Workshop. They came from eleven states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, three provinces of Canada, and Norway. They represented work in both industrialized and developing nations, in subsistence, recreational and commercial fisheries, and in aquaculture.

Beschreibung: This report was prepared with funds from the American Sociological Society; U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, Office of Sea Grant under Grant Number NA84AA-D-00033 (R/S-12); and the J . N. Pew, Jr. Charitable Trust.

Beschreibung: The Coastal Research Center activities for the period of 1984 to 1986 are described briefly. Major projects include: Assimilative Capacity-Buzzards Bay, Georges Bank book; Instrumentation-Experimental Seawater Flume, Sea Level Change - Measurement and Consequences; and Fisheries Ecology. General activities are also described.

Beschreibung: Prepared under grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Richard King Mellon Foundation, and the Mobil Foundation, Incorporated.

Beschreibung: Also published as: Journal of Geophysical Research 85 (1980): 6661-6666

Beschreibung: Imposed horizontal density differences in a nonrotating fluid generate vertical circulation which has vanishing vertically integrated transports. When the system is rotating, geostrophic velocities can balance the density differences and the vertically integrated transports need not vanish locally. In a two-layer fluid, fin ite amplitude disturbances lead to barotropic flows that have the same direction as the velocity in the layer that thickens as a result of the disturbance. Specific calculations are carried out for the geostrophic adjustment model in situations that approximate those in which 18° water is formed south of the Gulf Stream. The upper layer transport that results from sudden cooling (as simulated by density differences that are initially unbalanced geostrophically) is in the same direction as the Gulf Stream transport and comparable to it in magnitude. A lower level transport of the same magnitude flows in the opposite direction with a maximum value about an internal radius of deformation to the right of that of the upper layer. The barotropic transport is about 1/ 5 as large and flows downstream in the Gulf Stream and upstream to the right of the Gulf Stream.

Beschreibung: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-79-C-0671 and for the National Science Foundation under Grants OCE 77-19451 and OCE 78-18460.

Beschreibung: Also published as: Journal of Physical Oceanography 11 (1981): 30-47

Beschreibung: Available potential energy (APE) is defined as the difference between total potential plus internal energy of a fluid in a gravity field and a corresponding reference field in which the fluid is redistributed (leveled) adiabatically to have constant stably-stratified densities along geopotential surfaces. Potential energy changes result from local shifts of flu id mass relative to geopotential surfaces that are accompanied by local changes of enthalpy and internal energy and global shifts of mass (because volumes of fluid elements are not conserved) that do not change enthalpy or internal energy. The potential energy changes are examined separately by computing available gravitational potential energy (GPE) per unit mass and total GPE (TGPE) per unit area. A technique for estimating GPE in the ocean is developed by introducirtg a reference density field (or an equivalent specific volume anomaly field) that is a function of pressure only and is connected to the observed field by adiabatic vertical displacements. The full empirical equation of state for seawater is used in the computational algorithm. The accuracy of the estimate is limited by the data and sampling and not by the algorithm itself, which can be made as precise as desired. The reference density field defined locally for an ocean region allows redefinition of dynamic height ΔD (potential energy per unit mass) relative to the reference field. TGPE per unit area becomes simply the horizontal average of dynamic height integrated over depth in the region considered. The reference density surfaces provide a precise approximation to material surfaces for tracing conservative variables such as salinity and potential temperature and for estimating vortex stretching between surfaces. The procedure is applied to the MODE density data collected in 1973. For each group of stations within five 2-week time windows (designated Groups A-E) the estimated GPE is compared with the net APE based on the Boussinesq approximation and to the low-frequency kinetic energy measured from moored buoys. Changes of potential energy of the reference field from one time window to the next are large compared with the GPE within each window, indicating the presence of scales larger than the station grid. An analysis of errors has been made to show the sensitivity of the estimates to data accuracy and sampling frequency.

Beschreibung: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-76-C-0197.

Beschreibung: This description of the small-scale sector of the Southern New England (Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut) fishery includes information on the fishermen (their ages, education, experience, occupational training, family involvement and reasons for fishing) and the physical characteristics of the fleet (the boats and gear). Fishing patterns are analyzed by species, geographical areas and seasons. The economic structure of small-scale fishing is described in terms of investment, net and gross earnings, fuel costs, crew payments systems and marketing arrangements. Management implications of this information and analyses are included.

Beschreibung: Prepared for the Pew Memorial Trust, for the Department of Commerce, NOAA, Office of Sea Grant, under Grants 04-8-M01-149, also NA 79AA-D-00102, and for Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program .

Beschreibung: Also published as: Journal of Physical Oceanography 11 (1981): 999-1010

Beschreibung: During 1975-78, 35 free-drifting buoys measured surface currents in the Gulf Stream region. The buoy trajectories trace numerous paths of the Stream and show that the Stream is strongly influenced by the New England Seamounts. This influence is manifested as 1) a quasi-permanent, 100 km, southeastward deflection of the Stream and the frequent occurrence of a ring meander over the seamounts; 2) large-amplitude meanders beginning at the seamounts and extending eastward; and 3) small, 20 km diameter eddies which appear to be generated locally by individual seamounts. A chart of the mean temperature field at a depth of 450 m agrees with several of the patterns seen in the buoy trajectories. West of the seamounts, the mean path of the Gulf Stream is eastward; over the seamounts, the path turns sharply northeastward and the isotherms in the Stream abruptly diverge.

Beschreibung: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N000 14-74-C- 0262; NR 083-004 and for the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 78-18017.

Beschreibung: This bibliography of social and economic studies of the fisheries of the Northeast United States (Maine to North Carolina) includes annotated listings for each entry and an index of key words for cross-referencing. We have attempted to include all studies published since 1970, and a selected group of particularly significant studies done earlier. The major focus has been on commercial fisheries, but recreational fishing studies have also been included when possible. In addition to studies of the Northeast United States fisheries, studies of Canadian fishing subsidies, European and other markets, have been included because of their relevance to the regional industry. All stages of the fishing industry's operation - harvesting, processing, distribution, marketing - are included, along with management and policy oriented material.

Beschreibung: Prepared for the National Marine Fisheries Service Contract NA-81-FA-C-00018 and for The Pew Memorial Trust, also for the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under NA-80AA-D-0077 (E/L-1) and the Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program.

Beschreibung: General information about mooring locations, durations and data gathered by the Moored Array Project (also known as Buoy Group) between late 1963 and 1978 is listed. Also included is a comprehensive list of scientific and technical publications written by the Buoy Group staff.

Beschreibung: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-76-C-0197; NR 083-400 and for the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 77-19403 .

Beschreibung: The New England fishing industry is examined in terms of the capacity of the fishing fleet, of the processing plants, and of the transportation system. Limitations on the capacity of the industry, and its capability and flexibility, are explored in terms of social, economic and technical aspects. The study is based on interviews with fishermen, buyers, processors and distributors, and on data made available by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Although the fisheries is in a state of expansion and both vessels and plants have a greater capacity than is now being used, the major problems that may restrict expansion in both fishing and processing are quality control, species selection and market development.

Beschreibung: This document is the final report for NOAA Contract #03-6-043-35165, which supported most of the research. Research was also supported with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust and from the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-8-M01-149, and was sponsored by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program.