ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

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The Community Stress-Drop Validation Study—Part I: Source, Propagation, and Site Decomposition of Fourier Spectra (2023)

Bindi, Dino ; Spallarossa, Daniele ; Picozzi, Matteo ; [weitere]

Seismological Society of America

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-03

Beschreibung: In part 1, we run multiple GIT decomposition for different choices of model assumptions, namely three different window duration for Fourier calculation, two different parametrization of the attenuation, two different site constraints. We also considered different source models (Brune, Boatwright, Brune with kappa_source) and different approaches to estimate uncertainties of source parameters (i.e., considering the covariance matrix, Monte Carlo sampling of the residual distribution, model selection with threshold based on F-test).

Beschreibung: As part of the community stress-drop validation study initiative, we apply a spectral decomposition approach to isolate the source spectra of 556 events occurred during the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence (Southern California). We perform multiple decompositions by introducing alternative choices for some processing and model assumptions, namely: three different S-wave window durations (i.e., 5 s, 20 s, and variable between 5 and 20 s); two attenuation models that account differently for depth dependencies; and two different site amplification constraints applied to restore uniqueness of the solution. Seismic moment and corner frequency are estimated for the Brune and Boatwright source models, and an extensive archive including source spectra, site amplifications, attenuation models, and tables with source parameters is disseminated as the main product of the present study. We also compare different approaches to measure the precision of the parameters expressed in terms of 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The CIs estimated from the asymptotic standard errors and from Monte Carlo resampling of the residual distribution show an almost one-to-one correspondence; the approach based on model selection by setting a threshold for misfit chosen with an F-ratio test is conservative compared to the approach based on the asymptotic standard errors. The uncertainty analysis is completed in the companion article in which the outcomes from this work are used to compare epistemic uncertainty with precision of the source parameters.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1980–1991

Beschreibung: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): source parameters ; GIT ; uncertainties ; moment magnitude ; corner frequency ; 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Graph neural networks for multivariate time series regression with application to seismic data (2023)

Bloemheuvel, Stefan ; van den Hoogen, Jurgen ; Jozinović, Dario ; [weitere]

Springer

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-08-29

Beschreibung: Machine learning, with its advances in deep learning has shown great potential in analyzing time series. In many scenarios, however, additional information that can potentially improve the predictions is available. This is crucial for data that arise from e. g., sensor networks that contain information about sensor locations. Then, such spatial information can be exploited by modeling it via graph structures, along with the sequential (time series) information. Recent advances in adapting deep learning to graphs have shown potential in various tasks. However, these methods have not been adapted for time series tasks to a great extent. Most attempts have essentially consolidated around time series forecasting with small sequence lengths. Generally, these architectures are not well suited for regression or classification tasks where the value to be predicted is not strictly depending on the most recent values, but rather on the whole length of the time series. We propose TISER-GCN, a novel graph neural network architecture for processing, in particular, these long time series in a multivariate regression task. Our proposed model is tested on two seismic datasets containing earthquake waveforms, where the goal is to predict maximum intensity measurements of ground shaking at each seismic station. Our findings demonstrate promising results of our approach—with an average MSE reduction of 16.3%—compared to the best performing baselines. In addition, our approach matches the baseline scores by needing only half the input size. The results are discussed in depth with an additional ablation study.

Beschreibung: Interreg North-West Europe program (Interreg NWE), project Di-Plast - Digital Circular Economy for the Plastics Industry (NWE729). INGV Pianeta Dinamico 2021 Tema 8 SOME (CUP D53J1900017001) funded by Italian Ministry of University and Research “Fondo finalizzato al rilancio degli investimenti delle amministrazioni centrali dello Stato e allo sviluppo del Paese, legge 145/2018.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 317–332

Beschreibung: 8T. Sismologia in tempo reale e Early Warning Sismico e da Tsunami

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Graph neural networks ; Time series ; Sensors ; Convolutional neural networks ; Regression ; Earthquake ground motion ; Seismic network ; 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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3

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CRISP: an archive for the site characterization of permanent Italian seismic stations (2023)

Mercuri, Alessia ; Cultrera, Giovanna ; Minarelli, Luca ; [weitere]

Springer

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-11

Beschreibung: Set of data and metadata that characterize a site hosting a seismic station

Beschreibung: In this paper we describe an advanced database for the site characterization of seismic stations, named “CRISP—Caratterizzazione della RIsposta sismica dei Siti Permanenti della rete sismica” (http:// crisp. ingv. it, quoted with https:// doi. org/ 10. 13127/ crisp), designed for the Italian National Seismic Network (Rete Sismica Nazionale, RSN, operated by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia). For each site, CRISP collects easily accessible station information, such as position, type(s) of instrumentation, instrument housing, thematic map(s) and descriptive attributes (e.g., geological characteristics, etc.), seismic analysis of recordings, and available geophysical investigations (shear-wave velocity [VS] profile, non-linear decay curve). The archive also provides key proxy indicators derived from the available data, such as the time-averaged shear-wave velocity of the upper 30 m from the surface ( VS30) and site and topographic classes according to the different seismic codes. Standardized procedures have been applied as motivated by the need for a homogenous set of information for all the stations. According to European Plate Observing System infrastructural objectives for the standardization of seismological data, CRISP is integrated into pre-existing INGV instrument infrastructures, shares content with the Italian Accelerometric Archive, and complies map information about the stations, as well as local geology, through web services managed by Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale. The design of the CRISP archive allows the database to be continually updated and expanded whenever new data are available from the scientific community, such as the ones related to new seismic stations, map information, geophysical surveys, and seismological analyses.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2415 - 2439

Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Site effects ; Site characterization ; Permanent seismic station ; Italian National Seismic Network ; Database ; 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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4

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Influence of Fault System Geometry and Slip Rates on the Relative Role of Coseismic and Interseismic Stresses on Earthquake Triggering and Recurrence Variability (2023)

Sgambato, Claudia ; Faure Walker, Joanna ; Roberts, Gerald P ; [weitere]

Wiley-AGU

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-13

Beschreibung: We model Coulomb stress transfer (CST) due to 30 strong earthquakes occurring on normal faults since 1509 CE in Calabria, Italy, including the influence of interseismic loading, and compare the results to existing studies of stress interaction from the Central and Southern Apennines, Italy. The three normal fault systems have different geometries and long-term slip-rates. We investigate the extent to which stress transfer can influence the occurrence of future earthquakes and what factors may govern the variability in earthquake recurrence in different fault systems. The Calabrian, Central Apennines, and Southern Apennines fault systems have 91%, 73%, and 70% of faults with mean positive cumulative CST in the time considered; this is due to fewer faults across strike, more across strike stress reductions, and greater along-strike spacing in the three regions respectively. In regions with close along strike spacing or few faults across strike, such as Calabria and Southern Apennines, the stress loading history is mostly dominated by interseismic loading and most faults are positively stressed before an earthquake occur on them (96% of all faults that ruptured in Calabria; 94% of faults in Southern Apennines), and some of the strongest earthquakes occur on faults with the highest mean cumulative stress of all faults prior to the earthquake. In the Central Apennines, where across strike interactions are the predominant process, 79% of earthquakes occur on faults positively stressed. The results highlight that fault system geometry plays a central role in characterizing the stress evolution associated with earthquake recurrence.

Beschreibung: This work was supported by a Natural Environment Research Council studentship (Grant NE/L002485/1) to Claudia Sgambato. Original development of the 3D-faults code was supported by NERC PhD Studentship NE/L501700/1 and JSPS Short Term Fellowship PE15776 to Zoë Mildon.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: e2023JB026496

Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Fault interaction ; Tectonics of Calabria ; 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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5

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CSES-01 Electron Density Background Characterisation and Preliminary Investigation of Possible Ne Increase before Global Seismicity (2024)

Chen, Wenqi ; Marchetti, Dedalo ; Zhu, Kaiguang ; [weitere]

MDPI

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-08

Beschreibung: In this paper, we provide a characterisation of the ionosphere from April 2018 to September 2022 for 48 investigated months. We used the data of the China Seismo Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01), which is a sun-synchronous satellite with five days of revisit time and fixed local time of about 2 a.m. and 2 p.m. The unique orbit of CSES-01 permitted us to produce a monthly background of the ionosphere for night- and daytime with median values acquired during geomagnetic quiet time in equatorial and mid-latitude regions (i.e., between 50° S and 50° N of geographical latitude). We compared the obtained CSES-01 monthly median values with the solar activity in terms of sunspot numbers, and we found a high correlation of 0.89 for nighttime and 0.85 for daytime between the mean sunspot number and the maximum of the characterised CSES-01 Ne map values. In addition, we extracted all the anomalous positive increases in CSES-01 electron density and compared them with the Worldwide M5.5+ shallow earthquakes. We tested two different definitions of anomaly based on median and interquartile range or (mild) outliers. We tried two relationships between anomalies inside Dobrovolsky’s area before the earthquake and the magnitude of the same seismic events: one which considers distance in space and time and a second which only uses the anticipation time of the anomaly before the earthquake. Using both anomaly definitions, we searched the best coefficients for these two laws for mid-latitude and equational regions. We found that the best coefficients are independent of the anomaly definition, but better accuracy (greater than 80%) is obtained for the outlier definition. Finally, using receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we show that CSES-01 increases seem statistically correlated to the incoming seismic activity.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1527

Beschreibung: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto

Beschreibung: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): CSES ; electron density ; earthquake ; ionosphere ; satellite background ; 01.02. Ionosphere ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.07. Space and Planetary sciences

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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6

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Towards a National-Scale Dataset of Geotechnical and Hydrological Soil Parameters for Shallow Landslide Modeling (2023)

Vannocci, Pietro ; Segoni, Samuele ; Masi, Elena Benedetta ; [weitere]

MDPI

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-27

Beschreibung: One of the main constraints in assessing shallow landslide hazards through physically based models is the need to characterize the geotechnical parameters of the involved materials. Indeed, the quantity and quality of input data are closely related to the reliability of the results of every model used, therefore data acquisition is a critical and time-consuming step in every research activity. In this perspective, we reviewed all official certificates of tests performed through 30 years at the Geotechnics Laboratory of the Earth Science Department (University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy), compiling a dataset in which 380 points are accurately geolocated and provide information about one or more geotechnical parameters used in slope stability modeling. All tests performed in the past (in the framework of previous research programs, agreements of cooperation, or to support didactic activities) were gathered, homogenized, digitalized, and geotagged. The dataset is based on both on-site tests and laboratory tests, it accounts for 40 attributes, among which 13 are descriptive (e.g., lithology or location) and 27 may be of direct interest in slope stability modeling as input parameters. The dataset is made openly available and can be useful for scientists or practitioners committed to landslide modeling.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 37

Beschreibung: 4IT. Banche dati

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Geotechnics ; Hydrology ; Slope stability ; Landslide ; Modeling ; Geotechnical database ; Input data ; Cohesion ; Internal friction angle ; Permeability ; 04.04. Geology ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 05.02. Data dissemination

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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7

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A new approach to construct 3-D crustal shear-wave velocity models: method description and application to the Central Alps (2023)

Colavitti, Leonardo ; Hetényi, Gyorgy ; AlpArray Working Group

Springer

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-21

Beschreibung: We develop a new inversion approach to construct a 3-D structural and shear-wave velocity model of the crust based on teleseismic P-to-S converted waves. The proposed approach does not require local earthquakes such as body wave tomography, nor a large aperture seismic network such as ambient noise tomography, but a three-component station network with spacing similar to the expected crustal thickness. The main features of the new method are: (1) a novel model parametrization with 3-D mesh nodes that are fixed in the horizontal directions but can flexibly vary vertically; (2) the implementation of both sharp velocity changes across discontinuities and smooth gradients; (3) an accurate ray propagator that respects Snell’s law in 3-D at any interface geometry. Model parameters are inverted using a stochastic method composed of simulated annealing followed by a pattern search algorithm. The first application is carried out over the Central Alps, where long-standing permanent and the temporary AlpArray Seismic Network stations provide an ideal coverage. For this study we invert 4 independent parameters, which are the Moho discontinuity depth, the Conrad discontinuity depth, the P-velocity change at the Conrad and the average Vp/Vs of the crust. The 3-D inversion results clearly image the roots of the Alpine orogen, including the Ivrea Geophysical Body. The lower crust's thickness appears fairly constant. Average crustal Vp/Vs ratios are relatively higher beneath the orogen, and a low-Vp/Vs area in the northern foreland seems to correlate with lower crustal earthquakes, which can be related to mechanical differences in rock properties, probably inherited. Our results are in agreement with those found by 3-D ambient noise tomography, though our method inherently performs better at localizing discontinuities. Future developments of this technique can incorporate joint inversions, as well as more efficient parameter space exploration.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 529 - 562

Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Computational seismology ; Receiver functions ; Inverse theory ; Crustal imaging ; Central Alps ; 05.01. Computational geophysics ; 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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8

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Slab Geometry and Upper Mantle Flow Patterns in the Central Mediterranean From 3D Anisotropic P-Wave Tomography (2023)

Rappisi, Francesco ; VanderBeek, Brandon ; Faccenda, Manuele ; [weitere]

Wiley-AGU

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-21

Beschreibung: We present the first three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic teleseismic P-wave tomography model of the upper mantle covering the entire Central Mediterranean. Compared to isotropic tomography, it is found that including the magnitude, azimuth, and, importantly, dip of seismic anisotropy in our inversions simplifies isotropic heterogeneity by reducing the magnitude of slow anomalies while yielding anisotropy patterns that are consistent with regional tectonics. The isotropic component of our preferred tomography model is dominated by numerous fast anomalies associated with retreating, stagnant, and detached slab segments. In contrast, relatively slower mantle structure is related to slab windows and the opening of back-arc basins. To better understand the complexities in slab geometry and their relationship to surface geological phenomenon, we present a 3D reconstruction of the main Central Mediterranean slabs down to 700 km based on our anisotropic model. P-wave seismic anisotropy is widespread in the Central Mediterranean upper mantle and is strongest at 200-300 km depth. The anisotropy patterns are interpreted as the result of asthenospheric material flowing primarily horizontally around the main slabs in response to pressure exerted by their mid-to-late Cenezoic horizontal motion, while sub-vertical anisotropy possibly reflects asthenospheric entrainment by descending lithosphere. Our results highlight the importance of anisotropic P-wave imaging for better constraining regional upper mantle geodynamics.

Beschreibung: This study is supported by the ERC StG 758199 NEWTON.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: e2021JB023488

Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Central Mediterranean ; P‐wave tomography ; mantle dynamics ; seismic anisotropy ; slab geometry ; subduction zone ; 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Comment on “High-Definition Mapping of the Gutenberg–Richter b-Value and Its Relevance: A Case Study in Italy” by M. Taroni, J. Zhuang, and W. Marzocchi (2023)

Gulia, Laura ; Gasperini, Paolo ; Wiemer, Stefan

Seismological Society of America

In: Taroni, M., J. Zhuang, and W. Marzocchi (2021). High-definition mapping of the Gutenberg–Richter b-value and its relevance: A case study in Italy, Seismol. Res. Lett. 92, 3778–3784, doi: 10.1785/0220210017.

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-21

Beschreibung: Taroni et al. (2021) published a statistical framework to reliably estimate the b-value and its uncertainties, with the goal being the interpretation in a seismotectonic context and improving earthquake forecasting capabilities. In this comment, we show that the results presented for the Italian region and the conclusions drawn by the authors, are heavily biased due to quarry-blast events in the Italian earthquake catalog used in the analysis. Without removing this anthropogenic component in the data, a meaningful analysis of the earthquake- size distribution for natural seismicity is, in our opinion, not possible. This comment highlights the need for basic data quality analysis before sophisticated statistical tools are applied to a dataset.

Beschreibung: European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement Number 821115 Pianeta Dinamico-Working Earth INGV-MUR project.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1089-1094

Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Surface‐Wave Tomography of the Central‐Western Mediterranean: New Insights Into the Liguro‐Provençal and Tyrrhenian Basins (2023)

Magrini, Fabrizio ; Diaferia, Giovanni ; El-Sharkawy, Amr ; [weitere]

Wiley-AGU

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-21

Beschreibung: The complex tectonic setting of the central-western Mediterranean has interested geoscientists for decades, but its geodynamic evolution remains a matter of debate. We rely on 807 seismometers from southern Europe and northern Africa to measure Rayleigh and Love phase velocities in the period range ∼5–200 s, based on teleseismic earthquakes and seismic ambient noise. By nonlinear joint inversion of the phase-velocity maps, we obtain a 3-D shear-wave velocity (VS) model of the study area. At shallow depths, our model correlates with surface geology and reveals the presence of a sedimentary cover in the Liguro-Provençal basin, as opposed to the Tyrrhenian basin where this is either very thin or absent. At ∼5-km depth, high velocities below the Magnaghi, Vavilov, and Marsili seamounts point to an exhumed, scarcely serpentinized mantle. These are replaced by lower velocities at larger depths, likely connected to the presence of partial melt. At 50–60-km depth, a very heterogeneous structure characterizes the Tyrrhenian basin, with low velocities pointing to the presence of fluids due to the lateral mantle inflow from the Ionian slab edges, and higher velocities associated with a relatively dry upper mantle. Such heterogeneity disappears at depths ≳75 km, replaced by more uniform velocities which are ∼2% lower than those found in the Liguro-Provençal basin. We infer that, at the same depths, the Tyrrhenian basin is characterized by a larger concentration of fluids and possibly higher temperatures.

Beschreibung: The Grant to the Department of Science, Roma Tre University (MIUR-Italy Dipartimenti di Eccellenza, ARTICOLO 1, COMMI 314-337 LEGGE 232/2016) German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD, Grant 57030312). Projekt DEAL. Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - German Research Foundation) under the Individual Research Project: SI 1748/4-1.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: e2021JB023267

Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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