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  • Chemistry  (71,027)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (7,184)
  • Chemical Engineering  (5,461)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (5,077)
  • Magnetism  (3,736)
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  • 2020-2024  (58)
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  • 1
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemistry
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 2
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemistry
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 3
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Chemistry
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 4
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemistry
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemistry
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 6
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Chemistry
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 7
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemistry;Materials science
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 8
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemistry
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-01-11
    Description: The 60–80s of the last century were the period of the most rapid development of commercial oceanology in the Azov and Black Sea Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (AzCherNIRO, further renamed YugNIRO). In addition to the monitoring of oceanographic processes, it was involved in the areas of general marine ecology, monitoring of marine pollution, and space oceanology. Oceanographic information is used in forecasting the state of aquatic ecosystems at various timescales and is crucial for fishing forecasts. In 1981, a satellite data reception center was established in AzCherNIRO. In the 80–90s, in YugNIRO, an optimal procedure was created for multidimensional predictive monitoring of the state of the Black Sea ecosystem. In September 1986, within the Laboratory of Commercial Oceanology of the Black Sea, a group for the conservation of marine ecosystems was created, which turned into a sector in January 1989, and into a separate laboratory in December 1996. Its reasearchers carried out multidisciplinary environmental studies, investigating the ecological status of the aquatic areas affected by the facilities of the marine industry during their operation, monitoring the level of soil contamination, and excercising the toxicological control of fish and fish products. YugNIRO oceanological studies conducted in the World Ocean from the early 1970s to the early 1990s made it possible to link the productivity and catches of exploitable species to the atmospheric circulation, changes in the climatic fields of currents, as well as to the geo- and heliophysical factors, which enabled the fishing predictions with a one-year lead time or more for the fishing areas of the Central, Southeastern and Southwestern Indian Ocean, the Patagonian Shelf, and the Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica. In the 70–90s and early 2000s, YugNIRO conducted marine geological studies facilitating fishing operations and environmental protection in the Gulf of Aden, on the bottom elevations of the tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Ocean, in the Antarctic Shelf area, and in the Black and Azov Seas. This article lays down the current major goals and prospects of commercial oceanology.
    Description: 60–80-е годы прошедшего столетия были в АзЧерНИРО (ЮгНИРО) периодом наиболее активного развития промысловой океанологии. Кроме мониторинга океанографических процессов она начала внедряться в сферы общей экологии моря, мониторинга загрязнения моря, космической океанологии. Океанографическая информация используется при разработке прогнозов состояния водных экосистем различной заблаговременности и является неотъемлемой составляющей рыбопромысловых прогнозов. В 1981 г. в АзЧерНИРО был создан центр приема спутниковой информации. В 1980–1990-х гг. в ЮгНИРО была создана оптимальная для Черного моря схема комплексного прогностического мониторинга состояния его экосистемы. В сентябре 1986 г. в составе лаборатории промысловой океанологии Черного моря была создана группа, в январе 1989 г. — сектор, в декабре 1996 г. — лаборатория охраны морских экосистем. Сотрудниками лаборатории проводились комплексные экологические исследования состояния акваторий предприятий морехозяйственого комплекса в условиях их производственной деятельности, контроль уровня загрязненности почв, токсикологический контроль рыбы и рыбопродукции. Океанологические исследования ЮгНИРО, проводимые в Мировом океане с начала 1970-х до начала 1990-х гг., позволили получить систему связей урожайности и вылова промысловых объектов с особенностями атмосферной циркуляции, изменениями макромасштабных полей течений, гео- и гелиофизическими факторам для прогноза промысловых характеристик с заблаговременностью год и более в промысловых районах центральной, юго-восточной и юго-западной частей Индийского океана, в районе Патагонского шельфа, в индоокеанском секторе Антарктики. Выполнение морских геологических работ в рыбопромысловых и природоохранных целях проводилось ЮгНИРО в 1970–1990-х и в начале 2000-х гг. в Аденском заливе, на поднятиях тропической и субтропической частей Индийского океана, на шельфе Антарктиды, в Черном и Азовском морях. В статье формулируются основные современные цели и пути развития промысловой океанологии.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Commercial oceanography ; Marine geology ; Ecosystems ; Fisheries ; Промысловая океанография ; Морская геология ; Экосистемы ; АзЧерНИРО ; ЮгНИРО ; Промысловые прогнозы ; Океанографическая информация ; Океанологические исследования ; YugNIRO ; AzCherNIRO ; ASFA_2015::F::Fishery oceanography ; ASFA_2015::F::Forecasting ; ASFA_2015::F::Fishery institutions ; ASFA_2015::M::Monitoring
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.159-169
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-01-25
    Description: La producción de ostión en Cuba aumenta hacia el este, y los máximos de abundancia y captura se presentan en la zona costera cercana a la cuenca del río Cauto, en la región correspondiente al municipio Manzanillo, provincia de Granma. En esta región habitan el ostión de mangle antillano (Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding, 1828), y el ostión americano (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791). Aunque la tendencia histórica ha sido al incremento, posterior a 2013 (853 t) la producción promedio anual disminuye a 307 t. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el estado actual del recurso ostión y su aprovechamiento industrial en la región del golfo de Guacanayabo, en relación a la situación ambiental de sus hábitats. Se realizó un diagnóstico de la pesquería de ostión y de la gestión ambiental de la pesca extractiva para determinar impactos ecosistémicos. Se identificaron como principales factores de impacto negativo, que inciden sobre las poblaciones de ostión y sus hábitats, el incumplimiento del periodo de veda, el manejo inadecuado de la pesca extractiva, y eventos de contaminación, que afectan los bienes y servicios ecosistémicos del manglar y reducen las poblaciones de ostión. Se propone la ostricultura artesanal como alternativa pesquera sostenible y se proyectó un plan de producción de ostión para 2023-2030. Se estimó que a calidad ambiental de la región donde se desarrollan las especies de interés es adecuada para su desarrollo.
    Description: Oyster production in Cuba increases to the east, and the maximum abundance and catch occur in the coastal zone near the Cauto river basin, in the region corresponding to the Manzanillo municipality, Granma province. The West Indian mangrove oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding, 1828), and the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791) inhabit this region. Although the historical trend has been to increase, after 2013 (853 t) the average annual production decreases to 307 t. The objective of this research was to evaluate the current state of the oyster resource and its industrial use in the region of the Guacanayabo Gulf, in relation to the environmental situation of its habitats. A diagnosis of the oyster fishery and the environmental management of extractive fishing was carried out to determine ecosystem impacts. The main factors of negative impact, which affect oyster populations and their habitats, were identified as non-compliance with the closed season, inadequate management of extractive fishing, and pollution events, which affect the goods and ecosystem services of the mangrove and reduce oyster populations. Artisanal oyster farming is proposed as a sustainable fishing alternative and an oyster production plan was projected for 2023-2030. It is estimated that the environmental quality of the region where the species of interest develop is adequate for their development.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Golfo de Guacanayabo ; Gestión ambiental ; Pesquería ; Ostricultura ; Gulf of Guacanayabo ; Environmental management ; Fisheries ; Ostrich farming
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: Con sus 220 km2 la región geográfica de Bahía de Nipe es el mayor acuatorio en su tipo en Cuba, donde se encuentran representaciones de diversos ecosistemas a lo largo de sus costas. Los asentamientos humanos y sus múltiples actividades productivas de importancia y magnitud, le dan a esta bahía relevancia como recurso natural que sustenta usos estratégicos para el país.
    Description: Other
    Keywords: Contaminación ; Metales pesados ; Fuentes contaminantes ; Pesquerías ; Pollution ; Heavy metals ; Plaguicides ; Fisheries ; Plaguicidas ; Sources pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-06-10
    Description: This draft White Paper has been prepared as part of the Vision 2030 process of the United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (hereafter, Ocean Decade). The Vision 2030 process aims to identify tangible measures of success for each of the ten Ocean Decade Challenges by 2030. From a starting point of existing initiatives underway in the Ocean Decade and beyond, and through a lens of priority user needs, the process determines critical gaps in science and knowledge, needs for capacity development, priority datasets, infrastructure, and technology for each Challenge. Focusing investments in science and knowledge to address these needs will help ensure progress towards meeting each critical Challenge by the end of the Ocean Decade in 2030. The results of the process will contribute to the scoping of future Decade Actions, identification of resource mobilisation priorities, and ensure relevance of the Challenges over time. This draft White Paper is one of a series of ten White Papers, all of which have been authored by an expert Working Group and discussed at the 2024 Ocean Decade Conference. A synthesis report, authored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO/IOC), will accompany the White Papers. With a substantial portion of people depending on the ocean as a primary source of nutrition and livelihood, a significant challenge comes into focus: How can we ensure that the ocean's resources continue to effectively nourish an expanding global population? The Ocean Decade responds to this critical concern through its Challenge 3: “Sustainably nourish the global population”.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Food ; Agriculture ; Sustainable economy ; Fisheries ; World population ; Ocean economy ; Nutrition ; Aquatic foods ; Aquaculture ; Sustainable production ; Forward look ; Vision paper
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 33pp.
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: To ensure the long-term sustainable use of African Great Lakes (AGL), and to better understand the functioning of these ecosystems, authorities, managers and scientists need regularly collected scientific data and information of key environmental indicators over multi-years to make informed decisions. Monitoring is regularly conducted at some sites across AGL; while at others sites, it is rare or conducted irregularly in response to sporadic funding or short-term projects/studies. Managers and scientists working on the AGL thus often lack critical long-term data to evaluate and gauge ongoing changes. Hence, we propose a multi-lake approach to harmonize data collection modalities for better understanding of regional and global environmental impacts on AGL. Climate variability has had strong impacts on all AGL in the recent past. Although these lakes have specific characteristics, their limnological cycles show many similarities. Because different anthropogenic pressures take place at the different AGL, harmonized multilake monitoring will provide comparable data to address the main drivers of concern (climate versus regional anthropogenic impact). To realize harmonized long-term multi-lake monitoring, the approach will need: (1) support of a wide community of researchers and managers; (2) political goodwill towards a common goal for such monitoring; and (3) sufficient capacity (e.g., institutional, financial, human and logistic resources) for its implementation. This paper presents an assessment of the state of monitoring the AGL and possible approaches to realize a long-term, multi-lake harmonized monitoring strategy. Key parameters are proposed. The support of national and regional authorities is necessary as each AGL crosses international boundaries.
    Description: Published
    Description: 101988
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Biodiversity ; Climate change ; Erosion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 14
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Mineralogy includes thirteen chapters that discuss the methodology of specific mineralogical methods, the composition of minerals from different igneous rocks, and the composition of minerals from different sedimentary rocks.It contains detailed mineralogical studies from Africa, Asia, and Europe. Chapters present different scientific mineralogical methods and detailed descriptions of minerals from different magmatic and sedimentary rocks.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNV Chemistry of minerals, crystals and gems
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Benzimidazole is a comprehensive survey of the known and new methods of benzimidazole synthesis, the spectral and theoretical aspects of existing benzimidazole derivatives, and the anticancer properties of a new class of benzimidazole derivatives. This book examines aspects and newer mechanisms of benzimidazoles containing heterocyclic moiety. Chapters report on anticancer properties of benzimidazole derivatives, novel methods of synthesis of benzimidazoles, versatile nature of the benzimidazoles, spectral and theoretical studies of benzimidazole derivatives, and medicinal importance and pharmacological aspects of benzimidazole derivatives.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Green Chemistry - New Perspectives is at the frontiers of this continuously evolving interdisciplinary science, and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. The book covers all aspects of green chemistry, including chemical synthesis, nano synthesis, eco-friendly processes, biomass, extraction techniques, environmental remediation, and energy, making it a unique reference resource. This will continue to encourage scientists around the world to develop novel synthetic methods or improve the existing ones to circumvent some of the problems and favours all aspects of green chemistry. This book is intended for academia, professionals, scientists, as well as graduate and undergraduate students without any geographical limitations.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book consists of several selected chapters on important subjects in modern high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The content addresses aspects related to both improvements in the mainstream HPLC/UPLC technology and utilization, as well as developments of exploratory new materials and equipment. The book presents useful details about the presented subjects as well as describes new applications and/or relevant case studies for each subject. It is addressed to a large audience of analytical chemists involved in separation science. Each chapter is authored by scientists with considerable field and academic experience.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Recent Advances in Chemical Kinetics provides a comprehensive overview of several types of chemical reactions. It includes six chapters that discuss solvent catalysis, customized flow reactors, p-conjugation in kinetics, kinetics of autoxidation, molecular chameleon for cations and anions, and internal clocks of atoms.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Redox reactions are involved in biochemistry, energy, corrosion, and much more. In both biology and electrochemistry, the redox reaction is complex and varied. For example, redox shuttles in supercapacitors show aspects of molecular electrochemistry applied to electrode porosity. In pseudocapacitors, the formalism associated with their electrochemical response requires investigation and formalism. Similarly, the simple definition of redox potential opens fundamental questions about its measurement in solutions without supporting salts. This book illustrates the variety of redox reactions in its examination of the importance of redox molecules in the development of new electrical energy storage devices.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRH Electrochemistry and magnetochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: We are living in a critical time, both for humanity and the planet, which has led us to look for more sustainable formulas to interact with the environment. One of the important changes in the design and operation of chemical processes is the search for environmentally friendly technologies. Supercritical carbon dioxide has been revealed as a promising environmentally friendly solvent that is energy efficient, selective and capable of reducing waste, making it a promising alternative to conventional organic solvents. However, reliable and versatile mathematical models of phase equilibrium thermodynamics are needed for the use of supercritical carbon dioxide in process design and viability studies. This book reviews experimental procedures for obtaining high-pressure phase equilibria data and describes the phase diagrams of binary mixtures and some thermodynamic models capable of determining the conditions of phase equilibria at high pressures. These concepts are applied to the components of the transesterification reaction of rac-2-pentanol with a vinyl ester, which is important in the pharmaceutical industry because (S)-2-pentanol can be obtained as a reaction product. This product is a key intermediate in the synthesis of drugs against Alzheimer’s disease.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In recent decades, artificial porous structures have attracted increasing enthusiasm from researchers inspired by the fascinating molecular pores in nature and their unique biological functions. Although substantial achievements in porous materials have been realized, the construction of topologically designed pores is still challenging. Recently, the emergence of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are constructed based on organic and polymer chemistry, has made it possible to design artificial pores with controlled pore size, topology and interface properties. COFs are crystalline porous materials constructed by the precise reticulation of organic building blocks via dynamic covalent bonds. Distinct from non-covalent interactions which tend to produce isostructures, covalent bonds enable accurate pore design owing to their predetermined reaction pathways. In addition, the appropriate polycondensation of organic building units enables the formation of extended two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) polymer architectures with periodically ordered skeletons and well-defined pores. With their large surface area, tailorable structures, and tunable chemistry, COFs are regarded as potentially superior candidates for various applications including catalysis, energy storage and conversion, mass transport and biotechnology. This book examines the historic achievement of COFs, providing clear and comprehensive guidance for researchers on their structural design, synthetic protocols and functional exploration.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Fluoride covers a continuum of topics that are frequently studied in the broad area of fluoride (F) research. It provides an overview of the primary sources of environmental fluoride in typical high-fluoride environments and demonstrates the transitions and transformations that emerge and culminate in hydro-geochemical interactions that result in fluoride-fouling of large portions of the world’s water and agricultural resources. This way, the book pinpoints the connection between F enrichment of water sources and the prevalence of endemic fluorosis in certain areas of the world. In order to contribute to a better understanding of the global fluoride problem, new fluoride detection and quantification technologies are proposed with an in-depth analysis of emerging trends in the use of portable user-friendly devices in point-of-use measurements of water fluoride. This has been presented against the backdrop of a robust overview of traditional fluoride quantification methodologies that are still in wide application among the scientific communities. In addressing fluoride toxicities, which are not limited to dental and skeletal dilapidations, the authors have explored the role of natural antioxidants in ameliorating physiological fluoride-induced noxious effects in mammalian systems. Nonetheless, since community dependence on high-fluoride water due to a lack of alternative clean water sources remains to be the principal pathway of human fluoride over-exposure, a review chapter on F mitigation techniques applied all over the world is incorporated aiming at providing a succinct overview of water defluoridation techniques and strategies being used to combat the impacts of human F overexposure around the globe. Since every cloud has a silvery lining, the possibility of using ammonium fluorides as a novel reagent in mineral processing has been considered convenient industrial fluorinating agents, which present the possibility of complete regeneration that is not afforded by the reagents presently used in decomposing silicon component of the ores.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book discusses the chemistry and applications of pyridine derivatives. The library of pyridine derivatives is growing steadily with numerous synthetic analogues already described and the identification of new, naturally occurring pyridine-based compounds. The book includes ten chapters organized into two parts. The first part focuses on the numerous types of reactions that arise from pyridine derivatives. The second part examines the pharmaceutical applications of pyridine derivatives as well as their usefulness as sensors for metal cations and extracting agents for platinum group metals.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 24
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book discusses multiple issues associated with modern dosimetry in physics and treatment planning and how investigators from diverse world centers and institutions approach problem-solving in these important areas. It examines topics including pretreatment validation and factors affecting reference dosimetry. It also addresses unique issues affecting pediatric populations as well as the modern role of thermoluminescence validation. Several chapters discuss intensity modulation, including defining modern problems associated with both treatment planning and the definition of tumor and normal tissue contours. Furthermore, the book examines the role of imaging as both a vehicle to define tumor targets and normal tissue as well as a tool for dose validation.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRL Nuclear chemistry, photochemistry and radiation
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book comprises 14 chapters covering all the issues related to water desalination. These chapters emphasize the relationship between problems encountered with the use of feed water, the processes developed to address them, the operation of the required plants and solutions actually implemented. This compendium will assist designers, engineers and investigators to select the process and plant configuration that are most appropriate for the particular feed water to be used, for the geographic region considered, as well as for the characteristics required of the treated water produced. This survey offers a comprehensive, hierarchical and logical assessment of the entire desalination industry. It starts with the worldwide scarcity of water and energy, continues with the thermal - and membrane-based processes and, finally, presents the design and operation of large and small desalination plants. As such, it covers all the scientific, technological and economical aspects of this critical industry, not disregarding its environmental and social points of view. One of InTech's books has received widespread praise across a number of key publications. Desalination, Trends and Technologies (Ed. Schorr, M. 2011) has been reviewed in Corrosion Engineering, Science & Technology – the official magazine for the Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining, and Taylor & Francis's Desalination Publications. Praised for its “multi-faceted content [which] contributes to enrich it,” and described as “an essential companion...[that] enables the reader to gain a deeper understanding of the desalination industry,” this book is testament to the quality improvements we have been striving towards over the last twelve months.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Global Methane Initiative (GMI) is a voluntary international partnership that promotes methane recovery and reuse activities in developing and transition economies. The U.S. Department of State requested an evaluation of the activities and outcomes supported in whole or in part by its contributions to GMI to gauge its value added to the program.
    Keywords: Physics ; Environmental Science ; Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology and climatology
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Progress in agricultural, biomedical and industrial applications' is a compilation of recent advances and developments in gas chromatography and its applications. The chapters cover various aspects of applications ranging from basic biological, biomedical applications to industrial applications. Book chapters analyze new developments in chromatographic columns, microextraction techniques, derivatisation techniques and pyrolysis techniques. The book also includes several aspects of basic chromatography techniques and is suitable for both young and advanced chromatographers. It includes some new developments in chromatography such as multidimensional chromatography, inverse chromatography and some discussions on two-dimensional chromatography. The topics covered include analysis of volatiles, toxicants, indoor air, petroleum hydrocarbons, organometallic compounds and natural products. The chapters were written by experts from various fields and clearly assisted by simple diagrams and tables. This book is highly recommended for chemists as well as non-chemists working in gas chromatography.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book discusses electrocatalysis and electrocatalysts for energy, water electrolysis, water treatment, CO2 conversion, and green chemistry. It reviews various electrocatalysts and their properties and electrochemical performances. The first section of the book covers topics in direct alcohol fuel cells including Pt-based electrocatalysts as non-carbon electrode support materials and the development of electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells. The second section of the book covers various topics in electrocatalysis and electrocatalysts for a cleaner environment, including electrocatalysts for the conversion of CO2 to valuable products and SYNGAS, electrocatalysts for water electrolysis, and much more.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRH Electrochemistry and magnetochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The aim of this second Eng Special Issue is to collect experimental and theoretical re-search relating to engineering science and technology. The general topics of Eng are as follows: electrical, electronic and information engineering; chemical and materials engineering; energy engineering; mechanical and automotive engineering; industrial and manufacturing engineering; civil and structural engineering; aerospace engineering; biomedical engineering; geotechnical engineering and engineering geology; and ocean and environmental engineering. Therefore, the following editorial is a selection of representative works of these topics.
    Keywords: &nbsp ; Environment Management ; Environmental Engineering ; Chemical Engineering ; Materials Engineering&nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Surfactants are ubiquitous and have applications in diverse areas, including food, cosmetics, detergents, lubricants, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and targeted drug delivery systems. Their wide diversity of applications owes to their unique structure, namely, a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic group present in the same molecule. Although most surfactants used industrially are synthetic, there is a growing need for natural surfactants, as the latter is obtainable from renewable sources and are less toxic and highly biodegradable in contrast to their synthetic counterparts. This book is a compilation of interesting articles by various experts that cover various applications of both synthetic and natural surfactants.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRC Colloid chemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The chemical sensor plays an essential role in the fields of environmental conservation and monitoring, disaster and disease prevention, and industrial analysis. A typical chemical sensor is a device that transforms chemical information in a selective and reversible way, ranging from the concentration of a specific sample component to total composition analysis, into an analytically useful signal. Much research work has been performed to achieve a chemical sensor with such excellent qualities as quick response, low cost, small size, superior sensitivity, good reversibility and selectivity, and excellent detection limit. This book introduces the latest advances on chemical sensors. It consists of 15 chapters composed by the researchers active in the field of chemical sensors, and is divided into 5 sections according to the classification following the principles of signal transducer. This collection of up-to-date information and the latest research progress on chemical sensor will provide valuable references and learning materials for all those working in the field of chemical sensors.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Distillation is an important separation technique that has been used for many centuries to exploit the volatility differences between components in a mixture. The distillation process has many variations and applications. This book includes two sections on desalination and reactive distillation. It discusses desalination in the processes of solar and membrane distillation, with a focus on the reduction of energy costs to obtain potable water. It also discusses reactive distillation, which can be used in some cases to reduce the power duty in the separation process by using the reaction heat directly in the separation. The book includes cases of mathematical modeling, simulation, and optimization of the distillation process.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Cyclodextrins (CDs) have attracted great interest from the research community as well as industries in an array of sectors because of their unique structural features. This book provides a comprehensive overview of CDs, beginning with their historical background. Chapters address such topics as the structure and physiochemical properties of CDs, advancements in the field, and potential applications of these materials in fields such as drug delivery and sensing. This book reveals new frontiers in the CD world and is a useful resource for organic, analytical, and supramolecular chemists as well as scientists engaged in biological and material sciences.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book presents a comprehensive overview of sorption, which is a multi-parametric separation process. It is extensively used in the removal of various pollutants from the tertiary stage of wastewater treatment, from leachates, etc. It discusses fundamental points of the technique as well as kinetic theories and isotherms. It also examines the synthesis and characterizations of all studied adsorbent materials to find their paths of sorption. Finally, it highlights the importance of having a cost-estimation plan for the synthesis of sorbent materials as well as predictions for their reusability.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRX Surface chemistry and adsorption
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Carotenoids are natural and versatile secondary metabolites, most of them showing colours that vary from yellow to red. They are widespread among living beings where they are involved in many biological roles reporting beneficial actions. To date, more than 750 carotenoids have been described in nature. Humans cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo, thus they are mainly obtained through diet. In fact, carotenoids are consistently found in tissues or biological fluids where they play a beneficial decreasing the risk of developing some diseases.During the last half-century, significant advances in carotenoids research have been made. This book highlights new perspectives and applications of carotenoids including characterization and isolation of new compounds (including rare carotenoids), their production at a mid-large scale (involving new innovative approaches), and uses of carotenoids in different biotechnological fields like food science, biomedicine, and cosmetics.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Infrared Spectroscopy - Perspectives and Applications is a compendium of contributions from experts in the field of infrared (IR) spectroscopy. This assembly of investigations and reviews provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals as well as the groundbreaking applications in the field. Chapters discuss IR spectroscopy applications in the food and biomedicine sectors and for measuring transport through polymer membranes, characterizing lignocellulosic biomasses, detecting adulterants, and characterizing enamel surface advancements. This book is an invaluable resource and reference for students, researchers, and other interested readers.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry::PNFS Spectrum analysis, spectrochemistry, mass spectrometry
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2023-03-08
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in LeClerc, H., Tompsett, G., Paulsen, A., McKenna, A., Niles, S., Reddy, C., Nelson, R., Cheng, F., Teixeira, A., & Timko, M. Hydroxyapatite catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction transforms food waste from an environmental liability to renewable fuel. IScience, 25(9), (2022): 104916, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104916.
    Description: Food waste is an abundant and inexpensive resource for the production of renewable fuels. Biocrude yields obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of food waste can be boosted using hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an inexpensive and abundant catalyst. Combining HAP with an inexpensive homogeneous base increased biocrude yield from 14 ± 1 to 37 ± 3%, resulting in the recovery of 49 ± 2% of the energy contained in the food waste feed. Detailed product analysis revealed the importance of fatty-acid oligomerization during biocrude formation, highlighting the role of acid-base catalysts in promoting condensation reactions. Economic and environmental analysis found that the new technology has the potential to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions by 2.6% while producing renewable diesel with a minimum fuel selling price of $1.06/GGE. HAP can play a role in transforming food waste from a liability to a renewable fuel.
    Description: This work was funded by the DOE Bioenergy Technology Office (DE-EE0008513), a DOE DBIR (DE-SC0015784) and the MassCEC. The authors thank WenWen Yao, Department of Environmental Science at WPI, for TOC analysis, Mainstream Engineering for heating value characterization of the oil and solid samples, Wei Fan for assistance in obtaining SEM images and, Julia Martin and Ronald Grimm for their assistance in collecting XPS data, and Jeffrey R. Page for his assistance with oil upgrading and analysis. HOL was partially funded for this work by NSF Graduate Research Fellowship award number 2038257. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Ion Cyclotron Resonance user facility, which is supported by the NSF Division of Materials Research and Division of Chemistry through DMR 16-44779 and the State of Florida.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Catalysis
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Publication Date: 2023-03-11
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Biasi, J., Tivey, M., & Fluegel, B. Volcano monitoring with magnetic measurements: a simulation of eruptions at axial seamount, Kilauea, Baroarbunga, and Mount Saint Helens. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(17), (2022): e2022GL100006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100006.
    Description: Monitoring of active volcanic systems is a challenging task due in part to the trade-offs between collection of high-quality data from multiple techniques and the high costs of acquiring such data. Here we show that magnetic data can be used to monitor volcanoes by producing similar data to gravimetric techniques at significantly lower cost. The premise of this technique is that magma and wall rock above the Curie temperature are magnetically “transparent,” but not stationary within the crust. Subsurface movements of magma can affect the crustal magnetic field measured at the surface. We construct highly simplified magnetic models of four volcanic systems: Mount Saint Helens (1980), Axial Seamount (2015–2020), Kīlauea (2018), and Bárðarbunga (2014). In all cases, observed or inferred changes to the magmatic system would have been detectable by modern magnetometers. Magnetic monitoring could become common practice at many volcanoes, particularly in developing nations with high volcanic risk.
    Description: This work was supported by the NSF Grant No 2052963 to J. Biasi and an internal Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution grant to M. Tivey.
    Keywords: Magnetism ; Volcanic hazards ; Hawaii ; Iceland ; Volcanology ; Monitoring
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemiebezogene Kompetenzen werden bereits im Sachunterricht der Grundschule entwickelt und sollen im Chemieunterricht der Sekundarstufe I aufgegriffen und weiterentwickelt werden. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die chemiebezogenen Kompetenzen der Schülerinnen und Schüler in der Übergangsphase zwischen Sachunterricht und Chemieunterricht zu analysieren. In einer Ergänzungsstudie wurden zusätzlich sowohl die Auswirkungen der Schulschließungen aufgrund der SARS-CoV-II Pandemie auf die Kompetenzen der Schülerinnen und Schüler als auch der Einfluss einer veränderten Testadministration untersucht. Insgesamt wurden die Kompetenzen von 2262 Lernenden der Jahrgangsstufen 5 bis 9 zu drei Messzeitpunkten analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die chemiebezogenen Kompetenzen sowohl zum Ende der Grundschulzeit als auch zu Beginn des Chemieunterrichts über alle Kompetenzbereiche hinweg sehr heterogen ausfallen. Dennoch sind sie zu Beginn des Chemieunterrichts in einigen Kompetenzbereichen höher ausgeprägt als zum Ende der Grundschulzeit. Nach den pandemiebedingten Schulschließungen waren die Kompetenzen ähnlich ausgeprägt wie in den gleichen Jahrgangsstufen vor den Schulschließungen. Eine während der Schulschließungen notwendige Bearbeitung der Testhefte von zu Hause aus führte vor allem bei den jüngeren Schülerinnen und Schülern zu besseren Testergebnissen als die Bearbeitung in der Schule. Um die Entwicklung chemiebezogener Kompetenzen in der Übergangsphase zu optimieren, sollte der Erwerb dieser Kompetenzen bereits im Sachunterricht einheitlicher gestaltet werden.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In 2005, the hybrid model was published by Prof. H.-D. Alber and Prof. P. Zhu as an alternative to the Allen-Cahn model for the description of phase field transformations. With low interfacial energy, it is more efficient, since the resolution of the diffuse interface is numerically broader for the same solution accuracy and allows coarser meshing. The solutions of both models are associated with energy minimisation and in this work the error terms introduced in the earlier publications are discussed and documented using one and two dimensional numerical simulations. In the last part of this book, phase field problems, initially not coupled with material equations, are combined with linear elasticity and, after simple introductory examples, a growing martensitic inclusion is simulated and compared with literature data. In addition to the confirmed numerical advantage, another phenomenon not previously described in the literature is found: with the hybrid model, in contrast to the examples calculated with the Allen-Cahn model, an inclusion driven mainly by curvature energy does not disappear completely. The opposite problem prevents inclusions from growing from very small initial configurations, but this fact can be remedied by a very finely chosen diffuse interface width and by analysing and adjusting the terms that generate the modelling errors. The last example shows that the hybrid model can be used with numerical advantages despite the above mentioned peculiarities.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Mathematics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Das selbstgesteuerte Experimentieren ist laut den nationalen Bildungsstandards sowie den Lehrplänen im Fach Chemie ein wichtiger Bestandteil der naturwissenschaftlichen Schulbildung. Offene Experimentierformen sind jedoch wenig etabliert. Um das selbstgesteuerte Experimentieren in die Unterrichtspraxis zu implementieren, wurde im Rahmen dieses Forschungsprojekts eine eintägige Lehrkräftefortbildung zur Konzeption von selbstgesteuerten Experimenten im Chemieunterricht durchgeführt. Dazu wurde ein literaturbasiertes Strukturierungskonzept entwickelt, mit dem die Lehrkräfte kochbuchartige Schulversuche zu selbstgesteuerten und kompetenzorientierten Experimenten mit beliebigen Öffnungsgraden modifizieren können. Begleitend zur Fortbildung wurde im Prä-Post-Follow-Up-Design das fachdidaktische Wissen der Teilnehmenden hinsichtlich der Planung von selbstgesteuerten Experimenten empirisch überprüft. Zur Erfassung dieses Konstrukts wurde ein neues Messinstrument literaturbasiert entwickelt und die Güte des Messinstruments evaluiert. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass die Fortbildung hinsichtlich des fachdidaktischen Wissens der Lehrkräfte kurz- sowie langfristig lernförderlich ist und die Fortbildung von den Teilnehmenden positiv bewertet wird. Die Reliabilitätsanalyse sowie die Validierungsstudie zeigen, dass der Test sowohl reliabel als auch valide ist. In Folgestudien könnte die langfristige Verhaltensänderung der Lehrkräfte bezüglich der Implementierung des selbstgesteuerten Experimentierens in den Unterricht untersucht werden.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Science ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The essential principles of green chemistry are the use of renewable raw materials, highly efficient catalysts and green solvents linked with energy efficiency and process optimization in real-time. Experts from different fields show, how to examine all levels from the molecular elementary steps up to the design and operation of an entire plant for developing novel and efficient production processes.
    Keywords: Process Engineering ; Chemical Engineering ; Technical Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Konsumgüter werden beispielsweise mit Slogans wie "Gut in Bio. Schlecht in Chemie." beworben. Dabei wird intendiert, sich gezielt von "Chemie" abzugrenzen und sich das positive Bild von "Natur" zu Nutze zu machen. Dies prägt die öffentliche Meinung und trägt zu einer antagonistisch-wertenden Sicht von "Chemie" und "Natur" bei. Dass Chemie als Naturwissenschaft der Beschreibung der Natur dient, um deren Stoffe und Stoffumwandlungen zu erklären, ist dem Laien selten bewusst. Chemie findet überall statt, insbesondere in der Natur! Genau an diesem Punkt setzt das Unterrichtskonzept "Chemie Pur - Unterrichten in der Naturglqq an. Ziel ist es, im Freiland, mit direkt vor Ort gewonnenen Naturstoffen, Umweltprozesse experimentell zu erarbeiten. Die projektbegleitende Evaluationsstudie stellte sich der Forschungsfrage, wie sich das Unterrichtskonzept auf das Fach- und Sachinteresse, auf die Naturverbundenheit sowie auf die Einstellung zu Chemie und Natur von Schülerinnen und Schülern der Sekundarstufe II auswirkt. Die Auswertung der Fragebogenergebnisse mit latenten Veränderungsmodellen haben gezeigt, dass die Intervention im Freiland das inhaltsbezogene Sachinteresse steigert und die Einstellung zu Chemie und Natur positiv beeinflusst sowie ein erhöhten Fachwissenszuwachs ermöglicht. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können die Grundlage für die Entwicklung und Evaluation von good-practice-Ansätzen naturwissenschaftlicher Lernsituationen bilden. Das Unterrichtskonzept Chemie Pur leistet zudem einen Beitrag im Bereich Outdoor Education, um den Antagonismus von Chemie und Natur zu verringern.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Science ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The original 1818 text of Mary Shelley's classic novel, with annotations and essays highlighting its scientific, ethical, and cautionary aspects. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein has endured in the popular imagination for two hundred years. Begun as a ghost story by an intellectually and socially precocious eighteen-year-old author during a cold and rainy summer on the shores of Lake Geneva, the dramatic tale of Victor Frankenstein and his stitched-together creature can be read as the ultimate parable of scientific hubris. Victor, “the modern Prometheus,” tried to do what he perhaps should have left to Nature: create life. Although the novel is most often discussed in literary-historical terms—as a seminal example of romanticism or as a groundbreaking early work of science fiction—Mary Shelley was keenly aware of contemporary scientific developments and incorporated them into her story. In our era of synthetic biology, artificial intelligence, robotics, and climate engineering, this edition of Frankenstein will resonate forcefully for readers with a background or interest in science and engineering, and anyone intrigued by the fundamental questions of creativity and responsibility. This edition of Frankenstein pairs the original 1818 version of the manuscript—meticulously line-edited and amended by Charles E. Robinson, one of the world's preeminent authorities on the text—with annotations and essays by leading scholars exploring the social and ethical aspects of scientific creativity raised by this remarkable story. The result is a unique and accessible edition of one of the most thought-provoking and influential novels ever written. Essays by Elizabeth Bear, Cory Doctorow, Heather E. Douglas, Josephine Johnston, Kate MacCord, Jane Maienschein, Anne K. Mellor, Alfred Nordmann
    Keywords: science fiction ; gothic ; horror ; European ; British ; literature ; fiction ; cautionary tale ; STEM ; science ; bioethics ; classic ; bicentennial ; Josephine Johnston ; Cory Doctorow ; Jane Maienschein ; Kate MacCord ; Alfred Nordmann ; Elizabeth Bear ; Anne K. Mellor ; Heather E. Douglas ; Frankenstein ; Creature ; Monster ; Mary Shelley ; Makers ; women in science ; science and anti-science ; values in science ; responsible innovation ; Industrial Revolution ; Mary Wollstonecraft ; William Godwin ; Percy Bysshe Shelley ; Galvanism ; Mount Tambora ; Myths ; Two Cultures ; epistolary novel ; Victor Frankenstein ; Geneva ; Prometheus ; Arctic ; Lord Byron ; John Polidori ; ghost stories ; Revisions ; Electricity ; Lightning ; Vitalism ; Chemistry ; Extinction ; Magnetism ; Moral responsibility ; Legal responsibility ; Social responsibility ; Consequences ; Obligations ; Ethics ; Maker Culture ; DIY ; Technology Adjacent Possible ; Facebook ; Surveillance ; Aristotle ; Fetal development ; Epigenesis ; Embryo ; Person ; Technoscience ; Alchemy ; uncanny valley ; animation ; complexity ; Morality ; Monstrosity ; Christianity ; Otherness ; Gender ; Nature ; Domestic Affections ; Women ; Sexuality ; Technical Sweetness ; Los Alamos ; Trinity Test ; Scientific Responsibility ; Nuclear Weapons ; adjacent possible ; synthetic biology ; robotics ; thema EDItEUR::F Fiction and Related items::FB Fiction: general and literary::FBC Classic fiction: general and literary ; thema EDItEUR::F Fiction and Related items::FL Science fiction::FLC Classic science fiction
    Language: English
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: When auralizing moving sound sources in Virtual Reality (VR) environments, the two main input parameters are the location and radiated signal of the source. An array measurement-based model is developed to characterize moving sound sources regarding the two parameters in this thesis. This model utilizes beamforming, i.e. delay and sum beamforming (DSB) and compressive beamforming (CB) to obtain the locations and signals of moving sound sources. A spiral and a pseudorandom microphone array are designed for DSB and CB, respectively, to yield good localization ability and meet the requirement of CB. The de-Dopplerization technique is incorporated in the time-domain DSB to address moving source problems. Time-domain transfer functions (TDTFs) are calculated in terms of the spatial locations within the steering window of the moving source. TDTFs then form the sensing matrix of CB, thus allowing CB to solve moving source problem. DSB and CB are further extended to localize moving sound sources, and the reconstructed signals from the beamforming outputs are investigated to obtain the source signals. Moreover, localization and signal reconstruction are evaluated through varying parameters in the beamforming procedures, i.e. steering position, steering window length and source speed for a moving periodic signal using DSB, and regularization parameter, signal to noise ratio (SNR), steering window length, source speed, array to source motion trajectory and mismatch for a moving engine signal using CB. The parameter studies show guidelines of parameter selection based on the given situations in this thesis for modeling moving source using beamforming. Both algorithms are able to reconstruct the moving signals in the given scenarios. Although CB outperforms DSB in terms of signal reconstruction under particular conditions, the localization abilities of the two algorithms are quite similar. The practicability of the model has been applied on pass-by measurements of a moving loudspeaker using the designed arrays, and the results can match the conclusions drawn above from simulations. Finally, a framework on how to apply the model for moving source auralization is proposed.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Technology & Engineering ; Construction ; Technology & Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neuere Erkenntnisse zum Umsatzverhalten an Dieseloxidationskatalysatoren (DOCs) zeigen, dass das Umsatzverhalten von Schadstoffen vom Oxidationsgrad der verwendeten Edelmetallkatalysatoren abhängen kann. Dabei wird deutlich, dass sich der Oxidationsgrad bei typischen Abgaszusammensetzungen langsam und reversibel mit der Katalysatortemperatur ändert. Das kann bei periodischen Katalysatortemperaturänderungen zu einem ausgeprägten Hystereseverhalten führen. Bisherige Ergebnisse liegen insbesondere zum Verhalten der NO-Oxidation an Platin-Katalysatoren vor. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher, die Untersuchungen auf seriennahe Pd- und PtPd-Mischkatalysatoren sowie auf andere abgastypische Schadstoffe, wie CO und Kohlenwasserstoffe, zu erweitern und dabei auch den Einfluss der Katalysatoralterung zu erfassen. Es wurde ein globalkinetisches Modell entwickelt und an die experimentellen Befunde angepasst. Dabei zeigte sich, dass es in der Regel möglich ist, das Umsatzverhalten bei reinen Pt- und Pd-Katalysatoren mit diesem örtlich eindimensionalen, makrokinetischen Zweiphasenmodell zutreffend zu beschreiben, wohingegen das Verhalten auf Pt/Pd-Mischkatalysatoren weniger gut simuliert werden kann. Dies ist vermutlich auf die heterogene Struktur der Pt/Pd-legierten Partikel zurückzuführen.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Technology & Engineering ; Chemical & Biochemical ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
    Language: German
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: In a marine environment that is rapidly changing due to anthropogenic activities and climate change, area-based management tools are often used to mitigate threats and conserve biodiversity. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are amongst the most widespread and recognized marine conservation tools worldwide, however, MPAs alone are inadequate to address the environmental crisis. The promotion of other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) under draft Target 3 of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, i.e., conserving 30% of marine areas by 2030, holds promise to acknowledge sites and practices occurring beyond MPAs that contribute to conservation. Here, we evaluate the potential recognition of OECMs into Indonesia's national policy framework on marine resource management and provide the first-ever overview of distribution and types of potential marine OECMs in Indonesia, including a review of the existing evidence on conservation effectiveness. We identified 〉 390 potential marine OECMs, led by government, customary and local communities, or the private sector, towards diverse management objectives, including habitat protection, traditional/customary management, fisheries, tourism, or other purposes. While some evidence exists regarding the conservation effectiveness of these practices, the long-term impacts on biodiversity of all potential marine OECMs in Indonesia are unknown. Many OECM elements have been included in several national policies, yet there are no established mechanisms to identify, recognize and report sites as OECMs in Indonesia. We propose four transformational strategies for future OECM recognition in Indonesia, namely: (i) safeguard customary and traditional communities, (ii) leverage cross-sector and cross-scale collaboration, (iii) focus on delivering outcomes, and (iv) streamline legal frameworks. Our study shows that OECMs have the potential to play a significant role in underpinning marine area-based conservation in Indonesia, including supporting the Government of Indonesia in reaching national and international conservation targets and goals.
    Keywords: Area-based management ; Biodiversity conservation ; Customary management ; Fisheries ; Co-management ; Sustainable marine management
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 48
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team are delighted to present the inaugural “Frontiers in Chemistry: Rising Stars” article collection, showcasing the high-quality work of internationally recognized researchers in the early stages of their independent careers. All Rising Star researchers featured within this collection were individually nominated by the Journal’s Chief Editors in recognition of their potential to influence the future directions in their respective fields. The work presented here highlights the diversity of research performed across the entire breadth of the chemical sciences, and presents advances in theory, experiment and methodology with applications to compelling problems. This Editorial features the corresponding author(s) of each paper published within this important collection, ordered by section alphabetically, highlighting them as the great researchers of the future. The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team would like to thank each researcher who contributed their work to this collection. We would also like to personally thank our Chief Editors for their exemplary leadership of this article collection; their strong support and passion for this important, community-driven collection has ensured its success and global impact.
    Keywords: Green and Sustainable Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry ; Theoretical and Computational Chemistry ; Polymer Chemistry ; Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry ; Nanoscience ; Catalysis and Photocatalysis ; Supramolecular Chemistry ; Electrochemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry ; Chemical Biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 49
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Hydroxyapatite coatings are of great importance in the biological and biomedical coatings fields, especially in the current era of nanotechnology and bioapplications. With a bonelike structure that promotes osseointegration, hydroxyapatite coating can be applied to otherwise bioinactive implants to make their surface bioactive, thus achieving faster healing and recovery. In addition to applications in orthopedic and dental implants, this coating can also be used in drug delivery. Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Biomedical Applications explores developments in the processing and property characterization and applications of hydroxyapatite to provide timely information for active researchers and newcomers alike. In eight carefully reviewed chapters, hydroxyapatite experts from the United States, Japan, Singapore, and China present the latest on topics ranging from deposition processes to biomedical applications in implants and drug delivery. This book discusses: Magnetron sputtering and electrochemical deposition The modification of hydroxyapatite properties by sol–gel deposition to incorporate other elements found in natural bones, such as zinc, magnesium, and fluorine The use of pure hydroxyapatite in drug delivery applications The growth or self-assembly of hydroxyapatite on shape memory alloy Hydroxyapatite composite coatings—with carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide (TiO2), and others—on the titanium alloy Offering valuable insights and a wealth of data, including numerous tables and figures, this is a rich source of information for research on hydroxyapatite coatings. Each chapter also covers material that provides an accessible stepping stone for those who are new to the field.
    Keywords: Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences ; Chemistry ; Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: living marine resources ; Forecasting ; prediction ; fish ; Fisheries ; Seasonal to Decadal Prediction ; Climate services ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans)
    Language: English
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  • 51
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Nanofibers, particularly those of a carbonaceous content, have received increased interest in the past two decades due to their outstanding physico-chemical characteristics and their possibility to form and contribute towards a plethora of potentially advantageous materials for consumer, industrial and medical applications. Despite this, and together with the numerous research studies and published articles that have sought to investigate these aspects, the potential impact of CNTs is still not understood. Whether or not nanofibers may be able to provide a sophisticated alternative to conventional materials is still debatable, whilst their effects upon both environmental and human health are highly equivocal. How nanofibers are conceived can determine how they may interact with different environments, such as the human body. Understanding each key step of the synthesis and production of nanofibers to their use within potential applications is therefore essential in gaining an insight into how they may be perceived by any biological system and environment. Thus, obtaining such information will enable all scientific communities to begin to realize the potential advantages posed by nanofibers. The aim of this Special Issue therefore, was to provide a collective overview of nanofibers; ‘from synthesis to application’. The Issue particularly focuses upon carbon-based nanofibers, but also highlights alternative nanofiber types. Emphasis is given holistically, with articles discussing the production routes of nanofibers, their plight during their life-cycle (origin to applied form and effects over time), as well as how nanofibers could either incite conflict, or provide aid to human and environmental health.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Toxicology ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Material Science ; Nanofibers ; Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This volume, occasioned by the centenary of the Fritz Haber Institute, formerly the Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, covers the institute's scientific and institutional history from its founding until the present. The institute was among the earliest established by the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, and its inauguration was one of the first steps in the development of Berlin-Dahlem into a center for scientific research. Its establishment was made possible by an endowment from Leopold Koppel, granted on the condition that Fritz Haber, well-known for his discovery of a method to synthesize ammonia from its elements, be made its director. The history of the institute has largely paralleled that of 20th-century Germany. It undertook controversial weapons research during World War I, followed by a "Golden Era" during the 1920s, in spite of financial hardships.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry ; Fritz Haber Institute ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 53
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book collects the contributions of the seventh school on Magnetism and Synchrotron Radiation held in Mittelwihr, France, from 7 to 12 October 2018. It starts with an introduction to the physics of modern X-ray sources followed by a general overview of magnetism. Next, light / matter interaction in the X-ray range is covered with emphasis on different types of angular dependence of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering. In the end, two domains where synchrotron radiation-based techniques led to new insights in condensed matter physics, namely spintronics and superconductivity, are discussed. The book is intended for advanced students and researchers to get acquaintance with the basic knowledge of X-ray light sources and to step into synchrotron-based techniques for magnetic studies in condensed matter physics or chemistry.
    Keywords: Spectroscopy and Microscopy ; Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics ; Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices ; Condensed Matter Physics ; Magnetism, Magnetic Materials ; Semiconductors ; X-Ray Spectroscopy ; Synchrotron Techniques ; Laser-Matter Interaction ; Strongly Correlated Systems ; Magnetism ; x-ray light sources ; x-ray scattering ; spintronics ; Open Access ; Gauge invariance in spectroscopy ; molecular magnestism ; magnetic semiconductors ; Spectrum analysis, spectrochemistry, mass spectrometry ; Scientific equipment, experiments & techniques ; Atomic & molecular physics ; Optical physics ; Applied optics ; Materials / States of matter ; Electricity, electromagnetism & magnetism ; Electronic devices & materials ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry::PNFS Spectrum analysis, spectrochemistry, mass spectrometry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHM Atomic and molecular physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHJ Optical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDF Physics: Fluid mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFC Electronics: circuits and components
    Language: English
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  • 54
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    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die Chemie büßt zugunsten physikalischer und lebenswissenschaftlicher Konzeptionen zunehmend an Deutungsmacht über die molekulare Welt ein. Sandra Lang untersucht, inwiefern die Ausdifferenzierung der chemischen Wissenschaften mit sich ebenfalls ausdifferenzierenden Zugriffen auf das Molekulare zusammenhängt. Anhand der vier exemplarischen Grenzfelder Materialwissenschaften, Biomedizin, Pharmazie und Quantenchemie und deren Narrative zur molekularen Eigenschaft der Chiralität veranschaulicht sie die transformative Phase der Chemie angesichts sich wandelnder Innovationsdispositive.
    Keywords: Chemie ; Chiralität ; Molekülkonzept ; Naturwissenschaften ; Grenzarbeit ; Interdisziplinarität ; Hybridität ; Wissenschaft ; Technik ; Wissenschaftssoziologie ; Techniksoziologie ; Wissenssoziologie ; Wissenschaftsgeschichte ; Soziologie ; Chemistry ; Chirality ; Molecule Concept ; Natural Sciences ; Border Work ; Interdisciplinarity ; Hybridity ; Science ; Technology ; Sociology of Science ; Sociology of Technology ; Sociology of Knowledge ; History of Science ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: German
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  • 55
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Presents technologies and key concepts to produce suitable smart materials and intelligent structures for sensing, information and communication technology, biomedical applications (drug delivery, hyperthermia therapy), self-healing, flexible memories and construction technologies. Novel developments of environmental friendly, cost-effective and scalable production processes are discussed by experts in the field.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Industrial & Technical ; Technology & Engineering ; Textiles & Polymers ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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  • 56
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Comprise definition of 1500 terms. Innovation from A to Z presents a glossary, including: Terms, older terms whose meanings have changed, acronyms, synonyms, famous names, selected abbreviations, and cross-references. A highly interdisciplinary approach incorporating strategy and entrepreneurship with technology and engineering sciences, economics, marketing, organizational behavior and theory. Ideal for engineers, managers, sales people and economists. Innovation Technology from A to Z Glossary of terms, including acronyms, synonyms, abbreviations, cross-references 1500 terms supplemented by figures and tables that clearly demonstrate the state-of-the-art in Innovation Technology
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Technology & Engineering ; Agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming
    Language: English
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  • 57
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book explores fishing livelihoods in the context of the wider contexts in which they are embedded. Drawing on case studies from across the Asia-Pacific region, the book highlights how fishing livelihoods are shaped by globalisation, social relationships and governance. The book concludes by showing how better understanding these relationships can contribute to governance for healthier ecosystems and social wellbeing. This is an open access book. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; marine social science ; fishing livelihoods in the Asia-Pacific ; sustainable fishing ; environmental sustainability ; food security ; coastal conservation ; fish stocks ; fisheries governance ; Fishing livelihoods and social diversity ; Fishing livelihoods and wellbeing ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGB Physical geography and topography ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography
    Language: English
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  • 58
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    Coimbra University Press
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This work brings together various contributions from experts in very diverse areas of knowledge, to discuss the theme ‘Light’ from various points of view. The subjects gathered in this work come from the areas of Physics, Philosophy, Transcendence, Chemistry, Optics, Literature, History of Sciences, History, Geography, International Relations, Biology, Psychology, Art, Cinema and Photography, Medicine and Museology. The texts partially reflect the contents presented at the interdisciplinary colloquium ‘Visões da Luz’ held in October 2015, on the occasion of the International Year of Light 2015, under the aegis of III-UC and open to academia and society, to teachers of the Basic and Secondary Education.
    Keywords: Geography ; Chemistry ; Literature ; Geology ; Light ; Optics ; Biology ; History ; Physics
    Language: Portuguese
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Regarding the importance of increment of fish per capita consumption in the health of the society, it is important to understand the benefits of fish and its nutritional value to prevent and treat some diseases. The research aimed to investigate the awareness of fisheries students about the benefits and fish nutritional value to promote the fish consumption in their household and future occupational in society. Students' information questionnaire of two universities on the content of lipids and proteins, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, reasons for fish consumption and their therapeutic effects were collected in 2017. After analyzing Chi-squared and Friedman test and scoring the correct answers, 64.4% of the students did not affect the consumption of their household fish consumption after their acceptance. Fish per capita consumption of students was calculated to be 23.3 kilograms. In their view, Iodine is the richest element in fish to prevent goiter. Cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer and cancer are prevented using fish consumption. With a mean score of 7.53 and a score of 18 at most, 16.4 % of students had awareness of the benefits of fish. The result of the study revealed the need for more serious training and more attention to the fish benefits and nutritional value of the fisheries course curriculum, so that they can be better promoters for the fish consumption among people and their families.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Awareness ; Fish benefits ; Fish consumption ; Fisheries education ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.79-91
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Our paper presents the results of a study on the concentrations of total (Hgtotal), organic (CH3Hg+) and inorganic (Hginorg) mercury in freshwater fish from the Vistula Lagoon, coastal waters of the Baltic Sea. Mercury assays were performed on tissues (muscle, skin, gills) and internal organs (heart, spleen, liver, gastrointestinal tract, gonads) of pikeperch, common roach, and common bream. The distributions of Hgtotal, CH3Hg+, and Hginorg depending on fish species, tissue, or organ and bioaccumulation in tissues and biomagnification in the trophic chain were determined. Interspecific and intraspecific differences in mercury concentrations occurred in fish tissues and organs. Muscles of pikeperch, bream and roach accumulated the highest concentration of CH3Hg+, Hginorg dominating in the gastrointestinal tract of bream and roach. The concentration gradations of Hgtotal and CH3Hg+ depending on fish species were as follows: pikeperch 〉 common roach 〉 common bream. For Hginorg, the gradations were as follows: common bream 〉 common roach 〉 pikeperch. The type of food was a determining criterion for the distribution of mercury forms in the tissues and organs of the fish studied, and quantifiable confirmation of this was the different values of the L:M coefficient (Hginorg in the hepatic tissue : CH3Hg+ in muscle). Differences in Hgtotal, CH3Hg+, and Hginorg concentrations in fish tissues and organs were linked with the food the fish consume, their position in the trophic chain and biomagnification in the food chain.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biomagnification ; Fisheries ; Animal bioengineering ; Pollution ; Environment ; ASFA_2015::M::Mercury ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::B::Bioaccumulation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Not Known
    Format: pp.589-602
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2018-12-14
    Description: Author(s): Jing Luo and Gia-Wei Chern We present an extensive numerical study of a type of frustrated itinerant magnetism on the pyrochlore lattice. In this theory, the pyrochlore magnet can be viewed as a cross-linking network of Kondo or double-exchange chains. Contrary to models based on Mott insulators, this itinerant magnetism appr... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 214423] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2018-12-14
    Description: Author(s): Stefan Hartung, Felix Sommer, Simeon Völkel, Johannes Schönke, and Ingo Rehberg The magnetic field of a cuboidal cluster of eight magnetic spheres is measured. It decays with the inverse seventh power of the distance. This corresponds formally to a multipole named a dotriacontapole. This strong decay is explained on the basis of dipole-dipole interaction and the symmetry of the... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 214424] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-02-16
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-02-16
    Description: The comment and response concerning the report of oxidation of methane to methanol by water (Reports, 5 May 2017, p. 523) do not fully capture the implications of thermodynamic limitations. A nonisothermal process in which each cycle requires a large temperature swing and permits only substoichiometric methane conversion surely could not be carried out on any practical scale.
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2018-02-16
    Description: Labinger argues that stepwise reaction of methane with water to produce methanol and hydrogen will never be commercially feasible because of its substoichiometric basis with respect to the active site and the requirement of a large temperature swing. This comment is not touching any new ground, beyond describing the thermodynamic feasibility, thermal cycling, and the role of water as discussed previously. Most important, it does not have a solid numerical basis.
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2018-07-26
    Description: Author(s): Amel Derras-Chouk, Eugene M. Chudnovsky, and Dmitry A. Garanin Large thermal fluctuations can destroy skyrmions - tiny speckles of rotated magnetization in two-dimensional films. Yet at low temperatures skyrmions are believed to be topologically stable, which makes them good candidates for data storage and processing. However, as the authors demonstrate here, even at zero temperature a nanoscale skyrmion is not protected against quantum decay. The theory is based on the imaginary-time dynamics of the skyrmion. Due to the fact that even the smallest skyrmion is still formed by many atomic spins, its quantum decay provides an example of a nanoscale Schrödinger’s cat that one can study with modern measuring techniques. [Phys. Rev. B 98, 024423] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2018-07-26
    Description: Author(s): Tonmoy K. Bhowmick, Amrit De, and Roger K. Lake In the Kerr rotation geometry, magneto-optic memory devices typically suffer from low figure-of-merit (FOM) and long write times. We show that skyrmions formed at the interface of a thin-film multiferroic and a topological insulator can give rise to high FOM magneto-optic Kerr effects (MOKEs). Huge ... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 024424] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2018-07-27
    Description: Author(s): S. N. Vdovichev, N. I. Polushkin, I. D. Rodionov, V. N. Prudnikov, J. Chang, and A. A. Fraerman The isothermal magnetic entropy changes Δ S (i.e., the magnetocaloric potential) are studied in Ni 80 Fe 20 / Ni 67 C u 33 / Co 90 Fe 10 / Mn 80 Ir 20 stacks at temperatures near the Curie point of the Ni 67 C u 33 spacer by applying magnetic fields of a few milli-Tesla. Such fields were sufficient for toggling magnetic mo... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 014428] Published Thu Jul 26, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2018-07-27
    Description: Author(s): Jiří Pospíšil, Yoshinori Haga, Yoshimitsu Kohama, Atsushi Miyake, Shinsaku Kambe, Naoyuki Tateiwa, Michal Vališka, Petr Proschek, Jan Prokleška, Vladimír Sechovský, Masashi Tokunaga, Koichi Kindo, Akira Matsuo, and Etsuji Yamamoto The metamagnetic transition between the antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic state in UIrGe has been studied at various temperatures by magnetization, heat capacity, and magnetocaloric-effect measurements on a single crystal in static and pulsed magnetic fields applied along the orthorhombic b axis. A... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 014430] Published Thu Jul 26, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2018-07-27
    Description: Author(s): Joonbum Park, Hideaki Sakai, Andrew P. Mackenzie, and Clifford W. Hicks We present results of measurements of resistivity of CeAuSb 2 under the combination of c -axis magnetic field and in-plane uniaxial stress. In unstressed CeAuSb 2 there are two magnetic phases. The low-field A phase is a single-component spin-density wave (SDW), with q = ( η , ± η , 1 / 2 ) , and the high-field B ... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 024426] Published Thu Jul 26, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-07-27
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2018-07-27
    Description: Vinyl carbocations have been the subject of extensive experimental and theoretical studies over the past five decades. Despite this long history in chemistry, the utility of vinyl cations in chemical synthesis has been limited, with most reactivity studies focusing on solvolysis reactions or intramolecular processes. Here we report synthetic and mechanistic studies of vinyl cations generated through silylium–weakly coordinating anion catalysis. We find that these reactive intermediates undergo mild intermolecular carbon-carbon bond–forming reactions, including carbon-hydrogen (C–H) insertion into unactivated sp 3 C–H bonds and reductive Friedel-Crafts reactions with arenes. Moreover, we conducted computational studies of these alkane C–H functionalization reactions and discovered that they proceed through nonclassical, ambimodal transition structures. This reaction manifold provides a framework for the catalytic functionalization of hydrocarbons using simple ketone derivatives.
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2018-07-28
    Description: Author(s): Nicholas Pomata, Ching-Yu Huang, and Tzu-Chieh Wei We study spin-2 deformed-AKLT models on the square lattice, specifically a two-parameter family of O ( 2 ) -symmetric ground-state wave functions as defined by Niggemann, Klümper, and Zittartz, who found previously that the phase diagram consists of a Néel-ordered phase and a disordered phase which cont... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 014432] Published Fri Jul 27, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2018-07-28
    Description: Author(s): Huanhuan Yang, C. Wang, Xiaofan Wang, X. S. Wang, Yunshan Cao, and Peng Yan We predict a twisted skyrmion structure at the boundary of two antiparallel magnetic domains stabilized by a (synthetic or crystal) antiferromagnetic coupling on the border. Through this novel state, skyrmions with opposite polarities can be freely switched between each other by spin-polarized elect... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 014433] Published Fri Jul 27, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2018-07-31
    Description: Author(s): I. S. Poperechny and Yu. L. Raikher A phenomenological model for magnetodynamics of core-shell nanoparticles is presented. The term core-shell implies, prima facie , that the spin structures (phases) of the particle components are different, no matter whether or not they are chemically identical. The model takes in two main assumptions... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 014434] Published Mon Jul 30, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2018-07-26
    Description: Author(s): Yan Liu, Weiwei Chu, Jiyong Yang, Guoqiang Liu, Haifeng Du, Wei Ning, Langsheng Ling, Wei Tong, Zhe Qu, Gang Cao, Zhuan Xu, and Mingliang Tian The origin of the unusual second magnetic transition at a temperature T M in the ruthenate S r 4 R u 3 O 10 remains elusive. Here, we have investigated the thickness-dependent anisotropic magnetoresistance of S r 4 R u 3 O 10 nanosheets, and clearly found that the sign of the magnetoresistance (MR) presents an unu... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 024425] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2018-07-25
    Description: Author(s): R. Tomasello, S. Komineas, G. Siracusano, M. Carpentieri, and G. Finocchio A strategy to drive skyrmion motion by a combination of an anisotropy gradient and spin-Hall effect has recently been demonstrated. Here, we study the fundamental properties of this type of motion by combining micromagnetic simulations and a generalized Thiele's equation. We find that the anisotropy... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 024421] Published Tue Jul 24, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2018-08-02
    Description: Author(s): Alexander Fabian, Michael Czerner, Christian Heiliger, Matthias T. Elm, Detlev M. Hofmann, and Peter J. Klar Rectangular assemblies with different aspect ratios were prepared with spherical magnetite nanoparticles (diameter d = 20 nm ) on lithographically patterned substrates using a variant of the meniscus force deposition method. The aspect ratio (width:length) of the rectangular assemblies was varied from v... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 054401] Published Wed Aug 01, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2018-08-02
    Description: Author(s): Darshan G. Joshi, Andreas P. Schnyder, and So Takei We theoretically study the equilibrium spin current fluctuations and the corresponding charge noise generated by the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) in a metal with strong spin-orbit coupling deposited on top of a quantum paramagnet. It is shown that the charge noise power spectra measured along dif... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 064401] Published Wed Aug 01, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2018-08-04
    Description: Author(s): B. J. Kirby, L. Fallarino, P. Riego, B. B. Maranville, Casey W. Miller, and A. Berger Although ferromagnetism is in general a long-range collective phenomenon, it is possible to induce local spatial variations of magnetic properties in ferromagnetic materials. For example, systematic variation of the exchange coupling strength can be used to create systems that behave as if they are ... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 064404] Published Fri Aug 03, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2018-08-07
    Description: Author(s): A. O. Leonov and K. Inoue Formation of isolated chiral skyrmions by homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation has been studied in thin layers of cubic helimagnets via elongation of torons and chiral bobbers, respectively. Both torons and bobbers are localized in three dimensions, contain singularities, and, according to the t... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 054404] Published Mon Aug 06, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2018-08-07
    Description: Author(s): S. Mamica, X. Zhou, A. Adeyeye, M. Krawczyk, and G. Gubbiotti Reversed structures of artificial spin-ice systems, where elongated holes with elliptical shape (antidots) are arranged into a square array with two orthogonal sublattices, are referred to as antisquared spin ice. Using Brillouin light-scattering spectroscopy and plane-wave-method calculations, we i... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 054405] Published Mon Aug 06, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2018-08-07
    Description: Author(s): Adam Iaizzi, Kedar Damle, and Anders W. Sandvik Using a combination of quantum Monte Carlo and exact methods, we study the field-driven saturation transition of the two-dimensional J − Q model, in which the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange ( J ) coupling competes with an additional four-spin interaction ( Q ) that favors valence-bond solid order. ... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 064405] Published Mon Aug 06, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2018-08-07
    Description: Author(s): A. A. Zvyagin, K. Kutko, D. Kamenskyi, A. V. Peschanskii, S. Poperezhai, and N. M. Nesterenko Using Raman and infrared spectroscopies, spontaneous ferriquadrupolar ordering has been observed in the rare-earth-based system KDy ( MoO 4 ) 2 . Ordered quadrupoles in the electron subsystem attend nonequivalent distortions of rare-earth ions in the ordered phase. A mean-field theory explaining the onset... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 064406] Published Mon Aug 06, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2018-08-07
    Description: Author(s): D. Zákutná, J. Vlček, P. Fitl, K. Nemkovski, D. Honecker, D. Nižňanský, and S. Disch Using a combination of neutron diffraction with XYZ polarization analysis and magnetization measurements, the noncollinear magnetism in nanosized cobalt chromite, a potential multiferroic material, is revealed. For noninteracting 26.9(1) nm nanoparticles, a bulklike behavior is identified, including... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 064407] Published Mon Aug 06, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2018-08-07
    Description: Author(s): Yang Gao and Di Xiao We present a microscopic theory of the orbital magnetic quadrupole moment density Q i j in periodic crystals with combined time-reversal ( T ) and inversion ( I ) symmetry. We obtain a gauge-invariant expression with a clear physical interpretation and demonstrate the typical behavior of Q i j in a minimal ... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 060402(R)] Published Mon Aug 06, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: Author(s): Debora C. M. Rodrigues, Angela B. Klautau, Alexander Edström, Jan Rusz, Lars Nordström, Manuel Pereiro, Björgvin Hjörvarsson, and Olle Eriksson By means of relativistic, first principles calculations, we investigate the microscopic origin of the vanishingly low magnetic anisotropy of Permalloy, here proposed to be intrinsically related to the local symmetries of the alloy. It is shown that the local magnetic anisotropy of individual atoms i... [Phys. Rev. B 97, 224402] Published Mon Jun 04, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2018-06-14
    Description: Author(s): M. Shinozaki, Y. Masaki, R. Aoki, Y. Togawa, and Y. Kato Chiral solitons in monoaxial chiral magnets undergo a surface barrier, which is analogous to the Bean-Livingston barrier in type-II superconductors. The authors argue here that the surface barrier is the main mechanism for large hysteresis observed in magnetoresistance (MR) measurements on micrometer-sized samples of CrNb 3 S 6 . In the MR hysteresis, a conspicuous jump is observed at the field H b for decreasing fields. Experimental results for H b ∼ 0 . 4 H c (with thermodynamic critical field H c ) and the theoretical result H b / H c = 4 / π 2 are in good agreement with each other. The surface barrier is regarded as a common property of systems (superconductors, chiral magnets, and chiral liquid crystals) that exhibit continuous transitions of the nucleation type. [Phys. Rev. B 97, 214413] Published Wed Jun 13, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2018-06-14
    Description: Author(s): Anton A. Starikov, Yi Liu, Zhe Yuan, and Paul J. Kelly A density functional theory based two-terminal scattering formalism that includes spin-orbit coupling and spin noncollinearity is described. An implementation using tight-binding muffin-tin orbitals combined with extensive use of sparse matrix techniques allows a wide variety of inhomogeneous struct... [Phys. Rev. B 97, 214415] Published Wed Jun 13, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Author(s): T. Weber, J. Waizner, G. S. Tucker, R. Georgii, M. Kugler, A. Bauer, C. Pfleiderer, M. Garst, and P. Böni Spin waves in chiral magnetic materials are strongly influenced by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, resulting in intriguing phenomena like nonreciprocal magnon propagation and magnetochiral dichroism. Here, we study the nonreciprocal magnon spectrum of the archetypical chiral magnet MnSi and i... [Phys. Rev. B 97, 224403] Published Tue Jun 05, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2018-06-15
    Description: Author(s): Chandan De and A. Sundaresan The doubly ordered perovskites Na L n MnW O 6 ( L n = La , Nd, and Tb), Na L n FeW O 6 ( L n = La and Nd), and Na L n CoW O 6 ( L n = Sm − Er , Yb, and Y) have been reported to be potential multiferroics because of their polar crystal structure ( P 2 1 ) and antiferromagnetic ordering of the transition-metal ions at low temperatures.... [Phys. Rev. B 97, 214418] Published Thu Jun 14, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2018-06-16
    Description: Author(s): A. Aharony, O. Entin-Wohlman, M. Jonson, and R. I. Shekhter In a one-dimensional weak-link wire the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) alone cannot generate a nonzero spin current. We show that a Zeeman field acting in the wire in conjunction with the Rashba SOI there does yield such a current, whose magnitude and direction depend on the direction of the field. Wh... [Phys. Rev. B 97, 220404(R)] Published Fri Jun 15, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2018-06-16
    Description: Author(s): C. Koo, J. Werner, M. Tzschoppe, M. Abdel-Hafiez, P. K. Biswas, R. Sarkar, H.-H. Klauss, G. V. Raganyan, E. A. Ovchenkov, A. Yu. Nikulin, A. N. Vasiliev, E. A. Zvereva, and R. Klingeler Static and dynamic magnetic properties of P 3 ¯ 1 m -phase MnSb 2 O 6 have been studied by means of muon-spin relaxation ( μ SR ), high-frequency electron-spin resonance (HF-ESR), specific heat, and magnetization studies in magnetic fields up to 25 T. The data imply onset of long-range antiferromagnetic order ... [Phys. Rev. B 97, 224416] Published Fri Jun 15, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2018-06-19
    Description: Author(s): A. Dahal, Y. Chen, B. Summers, and D. K. Singh Two-dimensional artificial magnetic honeycomb lattice is predicted to manifest several magnetic phase transitions as a function of reducing temperature. We have performed the analysis of nonlinear susceptibility to explore the equilibrium nature of phase transition in artificial honeycomb lattice of... [Phys. Rev. B 97, 214420] Published Mon Jun 18, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2018-06-19
    Description: Author(s): Shunsuke Sakuragi, Hiroo Tajiri, Hiroyuki Kageshima, and Tetsuya Sato We study the crystal structure of Pd(100) ultrathin films, which show ferromagnetism induced by the quantum confinement effect, using in situ x-ray crystal truncation rod measurement and density functional calculation. The energy gain from the appearance of ferromagnetism in Pd results in flatter an... [Phys. Rev. B 97, 214421] Published Mon Jun 18, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2018-06-19
    Description: Author(s): Jonathan Noky, Jacob Gayles, Claudia Felser, and Yan Sun We predict a large anomalous Nernst effect in the inverse Heusler compensated ferrimagnets Ti 2 Mn X ( X = Al , Ga, and In) with vanishing net magnetic moments. Though the net magnetic moment is zero, the Weyl points in these systems lead to a large anomalous Nernst conductivity (ANC) due to the lack of a ... [Phys. Rev. B 97, 220405(R)] Published Mon Jun 18, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2018-06-19
    Description: Author(s): Yining Xu and Dao-Xin Yao We use Monte Carlo (MC) methods to simulate a two-dimensional (2D) bond-diluted Ising model on the square lattice, which has frustration between nearest-neighbor interaction J 1 and next-nearest-neighbor interaction J 2 . In this study, we use the parallel tempering algorithm to study thermodynamics fo... [Phys. Rev. B 97, 224419] Published Mon Jun 18, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2018-06-19
    Description: Author(s): Yuri P. Kalmykov, Serguey V. Titov, William T. Coffey, and William J. Dowling Finite-barrier corrections to the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency of nanomagnets are obtained in closed integral form from the undamped deterministic equation of motion of the magnetization by averaging the precession frequency as expressed by elliptic functions over all possible precessiona... [Phys. Rev. B 97, 224418] Published Mon Jun 18, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2018-06-21
    Description: Author(s): M. C. Rahn, J.-R. Soh, S. Francoual, L. S. I. Veiga, J. Strempfer, J. Mardegan, D. Y. Yan, Y. F. Guo, Y. G. Shi, and A. T. Boothroyd We use resonant elastic x-ray scattering to determine the evolution of magnetic order in EuCd 2 As 2 below T N = 9.5 K, as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field. We find an A -type antiferromagnetic structure with in-plane magnetic moments, and observe dramatic magnetoresistive effects assoc... [Phys. Rev. B 97, 214422] Published Wed Jun 20, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2018-06-22
    Description: It is commonly assumed that recognition and discrimination of chirality, both in nature and in artificial systems, depend solely on spatial effects. However, recent studies have suggested that charge redistribution in chiral molecules manifests an enantiospecific preference in electron spin orientation. We therefore reasoned that the induced spin polarization may affect enantiorecognition through exchange interactions. Here we show experimentally that the interaction of chiral molecules with a perpendicularly magnetized substrate is enantiospecific. Thus, one enantiomer adsorbs preferentially when the magnetic dipole is pointing up, whereas the other adsorbs faster for the opposite alignment of the magnetization. The interaction is not controlled by the magnetic field per se, but rather by the electron spin orientations, and opens prospects for a distinct approach to enantiomeric separations.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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