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  • 1
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Keywords: Biogeography ; geographic variation ; taxonomy ; Amazilia ; Trochilidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie stellt die Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen zur Biogeographie, geographischen Variation, Habitatwahl und Taxonomie der Lesson-Amazilie (Amazilia amazilia) vor. Das Taxon umfaßt gegenwärtig fünf Unterarten, die von W-Ecuador bis SW-Peru verbreitet sind und überwiegend submontane Lebensräume besiedeln. Die Ventralfärbung unterliegt klinaler Variation; weiße Gefiederanteile nehmen von nördlichen zu südlichen Populationen ab, rotbraune Partien dagegen zu. Eigenständige morphologisch-morphometrische Kennzeichen sowie Unterschiede in den Habitatpräferenzen und in der Gesangsstruktur rechtfertigen es, die bisherige UnterartA. a. alticola als Paraspezies (A. alticola, Loja-Amazilie) anzuerkennen. Der Vulgärname weist auf den rezenten Verbreitungsschwerpunkt in den südecuadorianischen Anden hin. Aufgrund der engen Verwandtschaft bildenA. amazilia undA. alticola sowie die in Kolumbien endemische ArtA. castaneiventris eine Superspezies.
    Notes: Summary This paper reviews the biogeography, geographic variation, and habitat characteristics of the Amazilia Hummingbird (Amazilia amazilia). Based on morphological features, habitat preferences, and bioacoustics, I propose that the currently recognized subspeciesA. a. alticola should be regarded as a species distinct fromA. amazilia. Synapomorphic characters found in both taxa indicate membership of the same superspecies, together with the Colombian speciesA. castaneiventris. Considering the distributional focus ofA. alticola in the Andes of southern Ecuador, the English species name Loja Hummingbird is suggested.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 141 (2000), S. 275-284 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Keywords: East Asia ; taxonomy ; species delimitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Über die Gliederung der ostasiatischen Dickschnabelkrähen (Corvus macrorhynchos s.l.) in Biospezies besteht bisher keine einhellige Meinung. In dem großen Verbreitungsgebiet zwischen Indien, Japan und Timor werden gegenwärtig eine, zwei oder drei Arten anerkannt. Hier versuchen wir, in akustischen Merkmalen artanzeigende Merkmale zu finden. Eine Diskriminanzanalyse der Rufstruktur (76 Parameter) trennt dreiCorvus-Taxa (levaillantii undjaponensis aus der ‘macrorhynchos-Gruppe’,splendens) von der Südabdachung des Himalaya (Nepal, Kashmir) vollständig voneinander. BeiC. japonensis bleiben die trennenden Merkmale über große geographische Gebiete konstant. Die akustischen Unterschiede werden als taxonomisch relevant angesehen; sie zeigen Artgrenzen an. Folglich werden die Dickschnabelkrähen aus den Tief- und Hochlagen Nepals (Kontaktzone um 2 000 m) zwei Biospezies zugeordnet (C. japonensis undC. levaillantii), in Übereinstimmung mit morphologischen, ökologischen und parasitologischen Daten. Taxonomische Extrapolation der Befunde auf die Systematik anderer ‘macrorhynchos’-Populationen erscheint über die Rufstruktur (bis zum Fernen Osten Rußlands) und über Federling-Parasiten (Mallophaga) auf große Teile SO-Asiens möglich, bedarf aber für die stimmlichen Merkmale noch weiterer Klärung. Wahrscheinlich müssen immacrorhynchos-Komplex mindestens drei biologische Arten anerkannt werden (C. japonensis, C. levaillantii, C. macrorhynchos s. str.).
    Notes: Summary A discriminant analysis of the call structure completely separates threeCorvus taxa (levaillantii andjaponensis of the ‘macrorhynchos group’,splendens) inhabiting the southern slopes of the Himalayas (Nepal, Kashmir). The acoustic differences are considered taxonomically relevant, indicating species boundaries. Therefore the Jungle Crows of lower and upper Nepal (contact zone at around 2,000 m) are assigned to two biospecies (C. japonensis andC. levaillantii), as is consistent with morphological, ecological and parasitological data. It appears possible to extrapolate the findings regarding call structure to the systematics of other ‘macrorhynchos’ populations as distant as the Russian Far East, and those regarding mallophagan parasites to large areas of SE Asia; regarding the vocal characteristics, however, further clarification is needed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Photoreception ; Extraretinal Photoreceptor ; Chromophore ; Opsin ; Reptile ; Immunocytochemistry ; HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since the beginning of this century evidence has accumulated which demonstrates that non-mammalian vertebrates possess photoreceptors situated deep within the brain. While many attempts have been made to localize these sensory cells, studies have either failed or been inconclusive. In this report we have used several experimental approaches to localize the deep brain photoreceptors of the lizard Anolis carolinensis. Using 3 antibodies that bind vertebrate cone opsins, we have immunolabelled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons located at the ventricular border within the nucleus ventromedialis of the septum. Western blot analysis indicates that these antibodies recognized a single 40 kD protein in ocular, anterior brain, and pineal extracts. Immunoblots of rodent brain did not show a similar protein band. We have also identified specific retinoids associated with phototransduction (11-cis and all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinaldehyde) within anterior brain extracts. This combined data provides the most detailed analysis of deep brain photoreceptors in any vertebrate. Consequently, we feel Anolis provides an excellent model to study this unexplored sensory system of the vertebrates.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Egg laying hormone ; Aplysia ; Binding protein ; Immunocytochemistry ; Reproductive system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A protein solubilized from a membrane preparation of the gonad of Aplysia californica has been isolated by affinity chromatography, using bag cell egg-laying hormone (ELH) as the bound ligand, and partially purified and characterized by gel electrophoresis. The protein has an apparent molecular weight of 52 kDa and consists of two disulfide-linked subunits of about 30 kDa each. The protein is glycosylated and has an acidic pI. Approximately 10–15 μg of this protein can be isolated from a single ovotestis, representing less than 1% of the total protein in the gonad; but the protein could not be detected in buccal mass or body wall, tissues which do not have apparent response to ELH. Antibodies generated against this ELH-binding protein (ELHBP) were used to localize sites in the ovotestis which might contain this molecule and thus represent targets for egg-laying hormone. Immunocytochemical results indicate that the oocytes are a rich source of this protein, since their cytoplasm was the only detectable site of immunoreactivity. Whether this binding protein represents an egg-laying hormone receptor is uncertain, but its prevalence in oocytes suggests that ELH plays a signaling role on these gametes.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Conservation genetics 1 (2000), S. 67-76 
    ISSN: 1572-9737
    Keywords: mitochondrial DNA ; phylogeny ; phylogeography ; speciation ; species concepts ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 9 (1993), S. 63-68 
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Chrysophyceae ; stomatocysts ; membrane topography ; biogenic silica deposition ; surface pattern ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 6 (1991), S. 257-260 
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Chrysophyceae ; stomatocysts ; biogenic silica deposition ; polymer gels ; surface pattern ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The utility of classifying chrysophyte stomatocysts by their characteristic honeycomb and ridge patterns is questioned, because a strikingly similar expanding pattern appears on the surface of ionized polymer gels during osmotical swelling as a result of simple physical forces. The rapid accumulation of silicate into a spherical cyst inside a chrysophyte cell appears to be as a physical process sufficiently similar to result in an analogous pattern in microscopic scale. Chrysophyte stomatocysts that possess honeycomb or ridge patterns could be regarded as ‘frozen moments’ of the pattern evolution during the silicate gel phase. As a consequence, such structures should have little taxonomical value.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: DNA ; Exophiala dermatitidis ; Exophiala gougerotii ; Exophiala jeanselmei ; mitochondria ; restriction profiles ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis with Hae III, Hind. III and Msp I was performed in 45 Exophiala jeanselmei strains (30 Phialophora jeanselmei and 15 Phialophora gougerotii strains) and 31 Exophiala dermatitidis strains. The results were as follows, 1) P. jeanselmei and P. gougerotii are identical, 2) E. jeanselmei is classified into 18 types based on restriction profiles, 3) two strains of E. jeanselmei CBS 577.76 and CBS 578.76 are identified as E. dermatitidis, 4) E. dermatitidis has no intraspecific variation and is definitely distinct from E. jeanselmei, 5) E. jeanselmei is suggested to be a complex organism because of extensive mtDNA polymorphism.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 125 (1994), S. 107-117 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Aflatoxin B1 ; Immunocytochemistry ; Regeneration ; Tissue culture ; Tobacco plantlets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of aflatoxin B1, (0.5–25 µg ml−1) on in vitro root and shoot development in young tobacco explants were investigated. Despite an initial apparent stimulatory effect on most measured parameters at 0.5 µg ml−1 AFB1, the number of leaves, root and leaf mass per plantlet were progressively inhibited with increasing AFB1 concentration. The number of explants developing roots was reduced to 34% at the highest (25 µg ml−1) AFB1 concentration, following 3 weeks exposure to the toxin. Leaf chlorophyll content at this toxin concentration was significantly lower than that measured for control plantlets. Thin layer chromatography confirmed the absorption of AFB1 by the plantlets. Using immunocytochemical techniques, AFB1 was immunolocated predominantly in the vacuoles, the nucleus and the cytoplasm (possibly intravesicularly). The results are discussed in terms of this immunolocation within the cell.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 57 (1990), S. 223-236 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: fluorescent Pseudomonas ; root associated ; siderophores ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phenetic taxonomy of 110 fluorescent bacterial strains, isolated from the roots of tomatoes and other plants was numerically studied through 97 features including 69 assimilation tests. Thirty-two reference strains of various Pseudomonas spp. were additionally included. The strains clustered into 16 clusters at the 74% similarity level when using Jaccard similarity coefficients. Almost all field strains belonged to the P. fluorescens/P. putida-complex while none clustered with P. syringae and allied bacteria. The biovar II branch, as well as the newly described biovar VI of P. fluorescens, made up 55% and 20% respectively, of the field strains; two % were allocated to P. fluorescens biovar I and three % to biovar IV. Eleven % of the root associated strains were designated P. putida; six strains were biovar A, three strains biovar B while four strains could not be referred to any known biovar. The continuum within the P. fluorescens/P. putida-complex as well as the taxonomic status of the six biovars of P. fluorescens and the three biovars of P. putida are discussed.
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