ALBERT

Beschreibung: The Task Force ‘PROSEA beyond 2000’ [members: Dr. A.R.M. Ali (FRIM), Dr. B.P. del Rosario (PCARRD), Dr. J. Kartasubrata (PROSEA-BO) and Dr. J.S. Siemonsma (PROSEA-WAG)], met several times and prepared a report with items for discussion at the Third International PROSEA Workshop on 15-17 November 1999 in Bogor. Some proposed major discussion items are: – Should PROSEA continue as a foundation? As an autonomous ASEAN centre? Integrate with or link to other centres? – Is a second edition of the handbook necessary in the next decade? – If no second edition of the handbook is foreseen in the next decade, updating of the databank will be necessary and possibilities of the Internet should be exploited in full. – Should each country office try to cover half of the annual budget with the contribution of the host institute to decrease dependence on external funding? – Should PROSEA concentrate on client-oriented information services in the next decade? The 10th PROSEA Country Officers’ Meeting was held on 7-10 September 1998 in Wageningen. Special attention was asked for quality control of record abstracts in the databank and for careful proof-reading of handbook derived materials before publication.

Beschreibung: With roughly 2300 known species in 133 genera (see Appendix), New Guinea is the richest area in the palaeotropics as far as orchids are concerned. Up to the present the only useful key with which orchids from New Guinea can be identified to genus level is that published by J.J. Smith in 1934. This key is now obsolete in several respects because of changes in nomenclature and in taxonomic views. Besides, Smith’s key is not always very practical; frequent use is made of characters which are difficult to evaluate in preserved material or which easily may be misunderstood. Yet, many orchid genera can be recognized at a glance, a fact which is not at all obvious from most keys that I have seen.

Beschreibung: Messrs. B. Busu, M. Data, A. Kanir, A. Kasim, D. Sabri, K. Saleh, and K. Mat-Salleh (UKMB) collected about 80 numbers along the trail to Bukit Kabut, Temenggor Forest Reserve, Ulu Perak, Perak, between 21-28 August, 1994. Later, between 7-9 November, 1994, B. Busu, M. Data, J. Dransfield, and L.G. Saw collected about 100 gather ings, mainly palms. In 1994 Mr. A. Zainudin Ibrahim and co-workers (UKMB) collected 39 numbers at Bukit Kodiang (Kedah), 32 at Cameron Highlands (Pahang), 49 at Kuala Lompat Wildlife Reserve (Pahang), 60 at Pulau Langkawi (Kedah), and 136 at Taman Negara (National Park).

Beschreibung: Dr. T. Carrick Chambers (NSW) has finished a treatment of Blechnum. Dr. P.H. Hovenkamp (L) has started revising Nephrolepis, a genus of widespread occurrence in Malesia, frequently found on roadsides, forest clearings, earth banks etc. Many of these occurrences may actually be garden escapes, and any help in obtaining live specimens from obviously (or probably) native occurrences is greatly appreciated. They will be cultivated in the Leiden Botanical Garden, and contributions will, of course, be duly acknowledged. Contact P. Hovenkamp (hovenkamp@rhbcml.leidenuniv.nl) for more information.

Beschreibung: This issue is a special number, not because it is the latest of the Bulletin – for we try to make every issue a special one – but in June it was 50 years ago that the first one appeared. This, called ‘Bulletin Flora Malesiana’, was distributed with 150 copies only, of which 112 were sent to cooperating institutes, libraries, botanists, and interested persons. We now (1997) have an impression of 650, a stock which occasionally was very soon depleted. Until 1974 the Flora Malesiana Bulletin was under the editorship of the inexhaustible Professor Van Steenis, for a brief period assisted by Dr. H.C.D. de Wit (1950-1951). Then Dr. M. Jacobs took over, and he put a very special imprint on the Bulletin because of his great biographic and nature conservation interests. After his sudden death (1982), Dr. C. Kalkman for one year added the editorship to his burdens, and in 1984 passed the flag on to me. In 1992 it was decided to make the editorship more international and Dr. Mien Rifai of Bogor became co-editor.

Beschreibung: Dr. Ruurd (“Ru”) Dirk Hoogland, born 24 July 1924 in Leeuwarden (The Netherlands), died still rather unexpectedly on 18 November 1994 in a hospital in the neighbourhood of Paris, just 8 days after an operation. The later years of his life were overshadowed by a serious illness. Ru did not accept this, even not those last weeks when he could hardly chew. Everyday he went to the Laboratoire de Phanérogamie and worked, and in March and April 1994 he even made a collection trip to Tahiti followed by a herbarium trip to Australia. Ru studied at the universities of Groningen and Leiden. He got his Ph.D. in Leiden in 1950 on the thesis “A Revision of the Genus Dillenia”. His promotor was Prof. Dr. H.J. Lam. He started his career as a botanist in the service of the Flora Malesiana Foundation (1949—1952). Being a field man rather than a herbarium taxonomist he went to Australia where he finally became a Principal Research Scientist to CSIRO, Division of Land Research and Regional Survey at Canberra and head of the Herbarium, in 1968 Senior Research Fellow in the Research School of Biological Sciences, also at Canberra. In 1976 he stepped over to the Australian National University. He retired late 1979, but as a matter of fact he went on with his work. In 1981 he moved to Leiden with the intention to work for the Flora Malesiana. Due to a difference of opinion with the Dutch tax office, in 1984 he moved to La Varenne St. Hilaire, not far from Paris, where at the Laboratoire de Phanérogamie he got the opportunity to continue his work.

Beschreibung: A survey of the flora and vegetation of Coron Island, Palawan is in the process of being written up at PNH. A Dictionary of Philippine Plant names is under the final touches at PNH. It will be printed at the University of Hawaii.

Beschreibung: Just published. A great event has been the publication of the treatment of Sapindaceae in Flora Malesiana 11(3). The revision work of this family, well-known for its fruit trees Rambutan and Lychee, was started years ago by Dr. P.H. Leenhouts, later joined by Dr. P.C. van Welzen, Dr. F.A.C.B. Adema, and Mr. H. Turner. Dealing with 42 genera and 325 species, it is a major contribution towards the progress of the FM project. Forthcoming. The next FM volume (12) is already in preparation. Volume 12(1) will deal with the Meliaceae (D.J. Mabberley, C.M. Pannell, A.M. Sing, T.P. Clark & J.M. Edmonds) and is presently at the printers. Volume 12(2), comprising the treatments of Caesalpiniaceae (Ding Hou, K. & S.S. Larsen, J.P. Rojo), Geitonoplesiaceae (J.E. Laferriere) and Lowiaceae (K. Larsen), is in the final editorial phase. Manuscripts on Boraginaceae (H. Riedl), Hernandiaceae (B.E.E. Duyfjes), and Loranthaceae (B.A. Barlow) are being edited now and publication of these families will follow in part 3.

Beschreibung: As could be expected errors and omissions occurred in the previous compilations; they are corrected here.

Beschreibung: It was decided that starting from volume 13 the subdivision of volumes into parts will be abandoned. It has appeared that almost nowhere, not even in public libraries, the parts were bound together into the thick volumes, so there is no reason at all to maintain the subdivision. We will also take the opportunity to modernize and embellish the cover. Volume 13 is expected to be available in September 1997. It will be quite a thick issue of 452 pages and it will contain treatments of seven families, three of which are (hemi-) parasitic. Contents will be: Rafflesiaceae (W. Meijer, KY), Boraginaceae (incl. Pteleocarpa, of uncertain position; H. Riedl, W), Daphniphyllaceae (T.-C. Huang, TAI), Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae (R.M.K. Saunders, University of Hong Kong), Loranthaceae and Viscaceae (B.A. Barlow, CANB).

Beschreibung: Backer’s “Verklarend woordenboek” — The publishing company Contact, Amsterdam, is planning to publish a facsimile edition of this work long out of print and only with great difficulty found in antiquarian’s shops. With its wealth of data, bio- and bibliographical notes, and occasional wry humour it is a goldmine of information. With c. 22,500 lemmas there is no other work comparable in size and quality. Because most entrees deal with names of plants found in the Netherlands and former Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) it is in Dutch, and because of the date of publication in an old spelling. The late Dr. H.C.D. de Wit (WAG) intended to produce an emended, English version, for which Backer’s files are now in WAG. Note the web address to access the geological reconstruction series of SE Asia (for the past 50 My). It is downloadable as a powerpoint file, from: http://glsun2.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/seasia/html/plate_tect.htm

Beschreibung: The mainly East Malesian araliaceous trees and shrubs characterized by inflorescences with ‘false fruits’ were first accorded generic rank by Miquel (1863) under the name Osmoxylon. The name stood for the elegance of the vegetative parts of the plants as depicted by Rumphius and once collected by Zippelius. In the next decade, working partly from his own collections and emphasizing the distinctive inflorescences and their biology, Beccari (1878) added several species with palmately lobed or dissected leaves and described the characteristic reproductive mechanism. In a further study, however, Boerlage (1887) separated the palmately veined species as Eschweileria. This latter name was a homonym and Harms (1894) not unnaturally proposed Boerlagiodendron. Eighty years later, revision for Flora Malesiana brought about a reassessment and, as some species appeared to be ‘intermediate’ (notably B. dinagatense Merr. and B. simplicifolium Elmer, respectively from Dinagat Island and NE Mindanao in the Philippines) the two genera were merged by Philipson (1976, 1979) without recognition of any formal subdivisions. Further study indicates, however, that the former Boerlagiodendron and Osmoxylon s.s. do form distinct groups. Osmoxylon dinagatense (Merr.) Philipson and O. simplicifolium (Elmer) Philipson may have simple leaves, but both have – though rather small – a typical erect ‘Boerlagiodendron’ inflorescence. In O. simplicifolium, based on Elmer 13689 from NE Mindanao (Philippines), the leaves are coarsely toothed and feature craspedodromous venation. There is a further record from Samar [PNH 117163 (Gutierrez et al.) Osmoxylon dinagatense, based on BS 35220 (Ramos & Pascasio) from Dinagat Island, is similar but the leaf apex is more obtuse and the margins are merely crenate, the teeth obscure. I interpret these species as representative of miniaturization, a process also evident within O. micranthum (Harms) Philipson. Little is known of their ecology; however, Dinagat is known to have serpentine surface rock and in Samar the collection of O. simplicifolium was recorded from forest on limestone. Both species are shrubs or small trees to 4 m. With respect to O. oblongifolium Philipson (no. 8 in Philipson, 1979), also described as having simple leaves, its author has noted that the petiolar crests are sometimes fimbriate and the leaf-blades occasionally have a small triangular lobe on each side below the middle. The plants are moreover stream-bank dwellers and the leaves are clustered at branch ends. All these indicate membership of the Boerlagiodendron group.

Beschreibung: Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612 and Botany Department, Field Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U.S.A.

Beschreibung: Cheiropleuriaceae T. Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42 (1928) 210. Terrestrial or epilithic herb. Rhizome woody, creeping or subscandent, protostelic, lacking scales, covered with soft, uniseriate, pale brown, multicellular hairs. Fronds dimorphous. Petioles glabrous except at base, not articulated to rhizome. Sterile fronds often simple but typically 2(-4)-lobed, entire and lobed blades often appearing on the same plant, lamina glabrous, coriaceous; the lobes (if present) acuminate with a broad sinus between; base broadly rounded or sometimes obtuse or acute; margins entire, sometimes slightly revolute; main veins dichotomous, smaller veins reticulate. Fertile fronds simple, narrow, linear to narrowly lanceolate, gradually tapering at both ends; upper surface glabrous; lower surface wholly covered with sporangia and simple clubshaped paraphyses except along the 1—3 main veins and a narrow strip along the margin. Sporangia long-stalked, annulus almost vertical, extending most of the way round the sporangium. Spores creamy-white to pale brown.

Beschreibung: Azollaceae Wettst., Handb. Syst. Bot. 2 (1903) 77; C. Chr. in Verdoorn, Man. Pterid. (1938) 550; Wettst., Trat. Bot. Sist. (1944) 416; Reed, Bol. Soc. Brot. II, 28 (1954) 15. Small aquatic plants with flabellate branched stems bearing roots and leaves. Leaves sessile, alternate, imbricate, bilobed. Dorsal leaf lobe fleshy and chlorophyllous, held above water surface; with uni- or bicellular trichomes, and anomocytic stomata; with cavity containing mucilage and filaments of the cyanobacterium Ventral leaf lobe Anabaena azollae. generally unistratose and translucent (except at base), resting on water surface. Roots either solitary or in fascicles, growing from stem branching points; with numerous root hairs and two semi-persistent root caps and a basal root sheath. Sporocarps borne in pairs or fours at base of branches, initially covered by involucre of dorsal leaf lobe. Plants monoecious, with separate mega- and microsporocarps. Megasporocarp containing a solitary indehiscent megasporangium, which contains a single megaspore attached by placenta. Megaspore with trilete mark, and 3 or 9 proximally positioned alveolate ‘floats’ (up to 24 in fossil taxa) attached by filosum of megasporoderm. Megasporoderm sculpturing and stratification variable and often highly complex. Megagametophyte endosporic, forcing megaspore open at laesura, bearing several archegonia. Microsporocarp containing numerous indehiscent microsporangia that develop successively from apex to base; each microsporangium with c. 64 trilete microspores. Microspores aggregated together in alveolate structures (‘massulae’), analogous to floats. Massulae partially or fully covered with simple or glochidiate trichomes. Microspores germinating within massula; microgametophyte reduced, with one antheridium; antherozoids multiflagellate, released through flask-shaped cavities in massula. One genus only.

Beschreibung: Hymenophyllaceae — Dr. K. Iwatsuki (TI) wishes to complete a revision before his retirement.

Beschreibung: This widespread family of over 2,000 species has only 77 species in Malesia of which 64 are indigenous, the remainder having been introduced for economical or ornamental use or as weeds. In Malesia 12 genera are represented, as follows: Borago (1 sp., cult.), Bothriospermum (1, intr.), Carmona (1, also cult.), Coldenia (1), Cordia (6 indig., 3 intr.), Cynoglossum (12 indig., 1 cult.), Ehretia (12), Heliotropium (6 indig., 5 intr.), Myosotis (1 indig., 1 intr.), Omphalodes (1, intr.), Rotula (1), Tournefortia (7), Trichodesma (2), Trigonotis (15). One dubious genus (Crucicaryum) is mentioned and one genus of uncertain affinities (Pteleocarpa) is treated fully. The general part of the treatment covers 19 pages and includes paragraphs on vegetative anatomy by P. Baas, on palynology by R.W.J.M. van der Ham, and on phytochemistry and chemotaxonomy by R. Hegnauer. The family, genera, and Malesian species are described and annotated. There are keys to the genera and species. Illustration is by 14 line drawings, some of them full-page, and 4 photographs.

Beschreibung: This family, nowadays usually separated from the Loranthaceae, has far fewer species in Malesia, viz. 26, divided over 4 genera: Ginalloa (6 species), Korthalsella (5), Notothixos (6), and Viscum (9). The general part of the treatment covers 9 pages and includes paragraphs on vegetative anatomy by P. Baas and L. van den Oever, and on pollen morphology by R.W.J.M. van der Ham. For phytochemistry the reader is referred to the pertinent paragraph under Loranthaceae, where both families are considered. The family, the genera and the Malesian species are described and annotated. There are keys to the genera and to the species. A key to Loranthaceae and Viscaceae, covering all Malesian taxa, is also included. Illustration is by six line drawings, mostly smaller than full-page, and by 7 photographs. The drawings are mostly redrawn from earlier publications.

Beschreibung: The following site might be of interest, as it leads to keys to ferns of New Guinea: http://www.rbgsyd.gov.au/RBG/Sci/Systematics/rbgfern.html

Beschreibung: The Orchidaceae outnumber by far any other plant family in Malesia. At present, however, an accurate estimate of the number of Malesian orchid species is difficult to make. Subtracting the number of established synonyms from the number of names attributed to Malesian orchid species results in the staggering figure of 6414 species, with a retention ratio (ratio of ‘accepted’ species to heterotypic names) of 0.74. This is undoubtedly a gross overestimate, as most of the 209 Malesian orchid genera have never been revised over their entire range. Extrapolating from available revisions to estimate a more realistic retention ratio is problematic due to the small number of modern revisions and the different nature of the groups treated. If we look for comparison at Malesian species of some recently revised groups, we encounter a wide range of retention ratios: Bulbophylluw sect. Uncifera (Vermeulen, 1993): 0.24 Dendrobium sect. Oxyglossum (Reeve & Woods, 1989): 0.24 Mediocalcar (Schuiteman, 1997): 0.29 Pholidota (De Vogel, 1988): 0.29 Bulbophyllum sect. Pelma (Vermeulen, 1993): 0.50 Paphiopedilum (Cribb, 1987, modified): 0.57 Dendrobium sect. Spatulata (Cribb, 1986, modified): 0.60. Correspondingly, we find a wide range of estimates for the ‘real’ number of known Malesian orchid species: from 2050 to 5125.

Beschreibung: Suprageneric epithets have been entered under the family name to which they belong preceded by the indication of their rank (subfamily, tribe, etc.)- Infrageneric epithets have been entered immediately under the generic name to which they belong, preceded by the indication of their rank (subgenus, sections, etc.). Infraspecific epithets have been entered under the specific name to which they belong preceded by the indication of their rank (subspecies, variety, forma, etc.). Synonyms have been printed in italics. Page numbers in bold type denote main treatment; an asterisk behind a page number denotes the presence of a figure of the concerned taxon.

Beschreibung: One of the small liliaceous families, recently described as separate, formerly included in Luzuriagaceae, Philesiaceae, Smilacaceae, or earlier in Liliaceae. The family has only two monotypic genera, Eustrephus and Geitonoplesium, both occurring also in Malesia. The family and species are described and annotated; there is a key to the genera. A paragraph on palynology is contributed by R.W. J.M. van der Ham. Illustration is by two full-page line drawings.

Beschreibung: Of this predominantly tropical family 23 genera and nearly 200 species occur in the Malesian region, as follows: Amyema (59 species), Amylotheca (3), Barathranthus (2), Cecarria (1), Cyne (6), Dactyliophora (2), Decaisnina (21), Dendrophthoe (21), Distrianthes (1), Elytranthe (2), Helixanthera (11), Lampas (1), Lepeostegeres (9), Lepidaria (8), Loranthus (1), Macrosolen (24), Papuanthes (1), Scurrula (8), Sogerianthe (4), Taxillus (1), Thaumasianthes (1), and Trithecanthera (5). The general part of the treatment consists of 20 pages and includes paragraphs on vegetative anatomy by P. Baas and L. van den Oever, and on pollen morphology by R.W.J.M. van der Ham. Phytochemistry and chemotaxonomy is treated for this family and Viscaceae together, see also next entry. The family, the genera, and the Malesian species are described and annotated; for complete synonymy the reader is often referred to earlier publications by Danser or Barlow. There are keys to the genera and to the species; in the largest genus Amyema there are also some regional keys to the species. A key to Loranthaceae and Viscaceae, covering all Malesian taxa, is also included. Illustration is by 32 line drawings, several full-page but often smaller, and by 15 photographs. The drawings are mostly redrawn from earlier publications.

Beschreibung: Critical notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the Dutch Macrolepiota species with ring with double crown are given. Macrolepiota bohemica (Wichanský) Krieglst. & Pázmány is regarded as a synonym of M. rachodes (Vitt.) Sing. The new combination M. rachodes f. olivieri (Barla) de Kok is made. Macrolepiota mastoidea (Fr.: Fr.) Sing., M. gracilenta (Fr.) Mos. and M. rickenii (Velen.) Bellù & Lanzoni are synonymized. Macrolepiota permixta (Barla) Mos. is considered merely a variant of M. procera (Scop.: Fr.) Sing.; notes on the nomenclature of M. nympharum (Kalchbr.) Wasser are presented. Agaricus emplastrum Cooke & Mass. and A. tepidarius Weinm. are regarded as nomina dubia.

Beschreibung: Mycena agrestis is a new species of section Fuliginellae. It is compared with the section’s type species, M. vulgaris, and shown to differ from the other members known from North America. Thus far, section Fuliginellae has not been recorded with certainty from the Southern Hemisphere.

Beschreibung: Descriptions are presented of thirteen species and five varieties of Galerina, provisionally described as new by the Dutch mycologist J.J. Barkman in 1969 and 1970. The descriptions and illustrations are based on the original descriptive notes and our own study of microscopic characters. The study was hampered by the poor condition of most exsiccata. Nevertheless, the majority of the provisional taxa could be identified as belonging to species described before. Four provisional species could not be identified with certainty, but they show so much resemblance to existing species that there is no reason to consider them as new taxa. One provisional species, G. anomala, is strongly deviating from other Galerina species and does probably not belong to that genus. Its identity remains unknown. In addition, our study revealed useful information on the taxonomic significance and variability of some diagnostic characters in Galerina.

Beschreibung: Van de in Nederland voorkomende wilde cichorei (C. intybus) en verwilderde andijvie (C. endivia) wordt altijd aangenomen dat deze goed te onderscheiden zijn aan de hand van de kenmerken zoals beschreven in de Heukels’ Flora. Nader onderzoek heeft echter uitgewezen dat de kenmerken niet zo eenduidig zijn als altijd werd aangenomen waardoor het moeilijk blijkt om beiden soorten uitelkaar te houden. In september ’94 ben ik op het Rijksherbarium in Leiden begonnen aan een 4-jarig onderzoek naar de verwantschap tussen de cultuursoorten andijvie (C. endivia), witlof en cichorei (C. intybus) en hun wilde verwanten. Een van de doelen is om na te gaan of en in hoeverre de cultuurplanten invloed hebben op de wilde flora. Uiteraard is het voor dit onderzoek noodzakelijk om een goed onderscheid te kunnen maken tussen C. endivia en C. intybus. Graag vraag ik de medewerking van u, floristen, om materiaal te verzamelen. Van dijken langs de Rijn en de Waal heb ik al genoeg, maar materiaal van andere gebieden is zeer welkom, speciaal ook van verwilderingen van C. endivia. De meeste Nederlandse planten die ik tot nu toe gezien heb, dragen lange klierharen op de omwindselbladen. Planten waarbij die klierharen afwezig zijn zouden mij erg interesseren. Ook buitenlandse planten zijn zeer welkom. Het is niet speciaal nodig om hele planten te verzamelen. Een stuk van de bloeiwijze en een stuk van de stengel voet met de wortel top is voldoende. Als u kans ziet een aantal hoofdjes op alcohol (minstens 50%) te verzamelen stel ik dat zeer op prijs; uw kosten zullen uiteraard worden vergoed.

Beschreibung: The multivariate structure of the Scutellinia umbrorum complex ( Pezizales, Ascomycetes), based on the morphometrical parameters of 81 specimens from five ecotopes in the Netherlands, was analysed. According to conventional expert estimation, five putative taxa resp. species were established: S. patagonica (Rehm) Gamundi, S. aff. subhirtella Svrček, S. umbrorum (Fr.) Lambotte, S. parvispora J. Moravec and S. subhirtella s. Kullman. These taxa form a taxonomic continuum hardly separable by traditional taxonomy. Five clusters obtained by UPGMA (with the generalized J-distance for mixed data as a measure of resemblance) are more distinct and in good accordance with ecological factors; some of them, however, are statistically not well separated. The revision of the clusters’ structure by k-means approach yields highly discontinuous clusters. The morphometric characters of specimens differ when going from open habitats to the forest. Differences are also revealed in phenology: the growing season starts in the forest later than in open habitats. The data are divided into two subsets according to spore ornamentation and spore width, the withingroup variation of either subset is caused mainly by the length of marginal hairs. On the basis of several statistical methods a supposition was introduced that the S. umbrorum complex probably consists of two polymorphic species, S. umbrorum (Fr.) Lambotte and S. subhirtella Svrček s.l., with the mean value of marginal hairs longer than 450 µm and shorter than 450 µm, respectively. The UPGMA clusters can be interpreted as ecodemes of respective species.

Beschreibung: To complement the ‘Checklist of the Araceae of Malesia, Australia and the Tropical Western Pacific region’, a bibliography has been prepared as a basis for further work on the aroids of these areas. It is based on, but much extended from, an unpublished bibliography of Malesian Araceae assembled by the late Prof. Dr. C.G.G.J. van Steenis. It includes the ‘core’ taxonomic literature, i.e. that in which new nomenclature is introduced, and, in addition, numerous items appear which enumerate species, report expedition results, describe aspects of aroid biology, deal with nomenclatural matters etc. Flora accounts and extensive revisions of genera occurring in the region have been included for neighbouring areas. Those papers in which Araceae appear as but a part written by the author(s) of the whole have been cited with full pagination. The extensive archaeological/ethnological, agricultural, phytopathological and biotechnological literature relating to Taro – Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott – has been largely omitted as it is felt that this is relevant to more specialized interest-groups than the checklist and this bibliography are aimed at serving. 1,264 items are listed.

Beschreibung: The new species Alyxia thailandica and Alyxia kerrii are described.

Beschreibung: On a field trip into the interior of Sabah, Borneo, in 1986, a small Bulbophyllum species (Orchidaceae) without flowers was collected, and transferred to the greenhouse of Mr. P. Jongejan, Amersfoort, the Netherlands. Only after several years the plant rewarded the good care given to it with a few sprigs of flowers. It then appeared to be an undescribed species of great elegance, belonging to the section Hirtula Ridley. It displays an unusual combination of characters: it has a distinctly elongated lip, as is found in B. jolandae J.J. Vermeulen, and B. lasioglossum Rolfe, which both have an elongated inflorescence. The new species, however, has a subumbellate inflorescence, as occurs in B. carinilabium J.J. Vermeulen, and B. hirtulum Ridley, which both have a shorter lip.

Beschreibung: The genera Butea, Meizotropis and Spatholobus (Leguminosae—Papilionoideae), occurring in continental Southeast Asia and the West Malesian Archipelago, are treated phylogenetically with Kunstleria as an outgroup. The genera Spatholobus (29 species), Butea and Meizotropis (each 2 species) are usually placed in the tribe Phaseoleae of the Papilionoideae, whereas Kunstleria belongs to the less advanced tribe Millettieae. Spatholobus is probably basal in the Phaseoleae. An analysis with PAUP of the datamatrix containing 80 macromorphological, 10 leaf anatomical and 7 pollen morphological characters resulted in three most parsimonious trees (MPTs) with a length of 589 steps. As for the method, it turned out that the option ‘addition sequence random’ gave more MPTs than an ‘addition sequence simple’. The standard option ‘addition sequence simple’ with taxon one as reference taxon resulted in trees a few steps longer than the MPTs. One of the three phylogenetic trees has been chosen to be used for the biogeographic analysis. Other genera used for this analysis are Fordia (Leguminosae—Papilionoideae), Genianthus (Asclepiadaceae), and Xanthophytum (Rubiaceae). Within Southeast Asia 29 areas of distribution were recognised. Although they are solely based on the distribution pattern of the species, some areas coincide with geological entities, e.g., E Malaya and SE Sumatra. The biogeographical analysis performed by PAUP (BPA) and CAFCA (CCA) resulted for PAUP in 19 MPTs under assumption 0 with a length of 366 steps and 324 MPTs under assumption 1 with a length of 316 steps; for CAFCA the analysis resulted in 1 MPT (450 steps) under assumption 0 and 1 MPT (417 steps) under assumption 1. In all results more or less the same larger groups of areas were present: the areas recognised on Borneo, those on the Malay Peninsula together with SE Sumatra and W Java, and the areas on the continent of Southeast Asia. Some areas with only one species were found basal to the other nodes, and were considered not informative. After comparing the 19 MPTs, the 50% Majority-rule consensus tree was used to discuss the possible link with the geology. The geology of the region is very complex as there are four major tectonic plates in collision with each other: the Eurasian Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Philippines Sea Plate. A summary of the geology of Southeast Asia is given. It is probable that the general area-cladogram reflects the split (during high sea level) between continental Southeast Asia and Peninsular Malaysia and the Malay Archipelago. Furthermore it is remarkable that the areas in Borneo are splitting off in the order of age, where the youngest areas are at the top and the oldest at the base of the tree. The history of the genus Spatholobus is hypothesised by backtracking the phylogenetic relationships on the general area-cladogram. Probably the history of Spatholobus was influenced by the differences in sea level. During low sea levels the Sundaland Plateau was dry and it was possible to migrate into the Malesian Archipelago, but high sea levels resulted in isolation and speciation. It is impossible to say more about timing than that it could have started at the earliest in the Early Eocene. In the last case the ancestor of the genus was present in an area without the northern parts of Borneo, and with the south arm of Sulawesi still connected to Borneo.

Beschreibung: This sixth supplement to the original and invaluable Index Filicum continues the tradition of cross-referencing all basionyms to their new names. It covers the period from 1976 to 1990, a mere 15 years in the nearly 250 years that separate us from Linnaeus. Yet it contains 344 pages full of new species and new combinations (statistics on the numbers of each category are not provided). The dates for this volume are not very strict: important publications before 1976 that were not fully indexed in the previous volume have been incorporated in the main body, not in the Addenda, Corrigenda et Emendanda (ACE). Compare, for instance, the mere 16 new combinations in Sphaeropteris made by R.M. Tryon in 1970 listed in the previous Supplement with the nearly 100 listed here! For the first time in pteridological history, pteridologists now also have access to infraspecific names, and have less excuse to ignore some of them quietly. Whether this is an advantage remains to be seen. Records only go back to 1976 (although some older infraspecific names are listed in the ACE), which means that lots and lots of older names (and all their corresponding autonyms) are still waiting to take up their proper place in the priority. With nomenclatural rules on infraspecific names as intricate as they are now, and without the excuse of ignorance, it is very temping to move away from the use of infraspecific categories altogether.

Beschreibung: This project of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh aims to provide regional manuals and on-line identification computer programs to the timber species of Dipterocarpaceae. The Singapore manual is a first trial, later editions should include other islands in the Malay Archipelago. The possibility is also offered to have tailor-made manuals for specific regions against cost price. Many data have been gathered, especially vegetative characters one can readily observe while standing underneath these enormous trees. In this respect the database will be very useful, because due to the very irregular flowering of the Dipterocarpaceae, flowers and fruits are usually unavailable, and even if they are present, they are found high in the tree.

Beschreibung: Some major nomenclatural and taxonomic changes in Aporosa Blume are treated, i.e., the spelling of the genus name, some new combinations, and descriptions of four new species of from West Malesia, six from New Guinea, and two new varieties from West Malesia. Notes on a number of often misunderstood species are also included.

Beschreibung: The three volumes of this publication contain the results of almost five years of fieldwork over a period of almost 15 years in the Simbu Valley in the Central Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Volume I, ‘The People and their plant-lore’, contains an introduction to the Simbu people, as well as a discussion of their classification and naming of plants [the latter very useful reading for (ethno)botanists]. The main part is formed by an annotated alphabetical list of Simbu plant names. For each vernacular name the translation or interpretation and the botanical determination are given. Furthermore tribe names (for names used by specific tribes), the name of the species in other languages, and (for part of the names) the Simbu names of cultivars are provided. The list also contains general terms, for example for parts of plants. Because of the compact way in which Sterly presents the data, the reader will need some practising before being able to use the book. This is also the case for volumes II and III. Several maps are provided, with the location of villages, rivers and mountains, the tribe distribution, and a vegetation map. Volume I contains the list of references for all three volumes.

Beschreibung: The knowledge of the macrofungi (mushrooms and toadstools) in Europe, including the Netherlands, is still far from complete. During our studies on this group of organisms in the Netherlands and adjacent Belgium and Germany while preparing a critical identification work, the Flora agaricina neerlandica, a fairly large number of new species has been discovered, and a lot more has become known on the variability, distribution and ecology of the about 2,000 other species that will eventually be included in this Flora. In the period 1987-1996 four volumes have been completed of this standard work (Bas et al., 1988, 1990,1995,1996), three are in preparation, and we hope that early in the twenty-first century, the set of 10 volumes will be finished. The present paper deals with a very striking little Entoloma species recently discovered in Diever, province of Drenthe, the Netherlands.

Beschreibung: The genus Canavalia (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) is briefly introduced. Comments on several species are given. A key to the Malesian species is presented.

Beschreibung: New combinations under Chionanthus L. are made for Linociera beccarii, L. brassii, L. gigas, L. clementis, L. hahlii, L. kajewskii, L. nitida, L. remotinervia, L. riparia, L. rupicola, L. sessiliflora L. salicifolia, and L. stenura. Linociera cumingiana is synonymous with C. ramiflorus, L. novoguineensis and L. ovalis with C. rupicolus, L. papuasica with C. sessiliflorus and L. pubipaniculata with C. mala-elengi subsp. terniflorus. Linociera macrophylla sensu Whitmore proves to be C. hahlii.

Beschreibung: In the present article a revision is given of the Southeast Asian genus Stelechocarpus, in which two species are recognized and described.

Beschreibung: Three new taxa in the genus Tournefortia L., T. luzonica I.M.Johnston subsp. angustissima, T. minutiflora, and T. oppositifolia are described from the Philippines, New Guinea, and the Moluccas, respectively. Also T. luzonica var. sublucens I.M. Johnston is raised to subspecific rank.

Beschreibung: The new species Podochilus marsupialis Schuit. and Trichoglottis tinekeae Schuit., both from Borneo, are described and illustrated. The new name Podochilus sect. Sarganella is proposed to replace the illegitimate Podochilus sect. Eu-Podochilus Schltr.

Beschreibung: Section Speciosae Pfitzer & Kraenzl. of the genus Coelogyne Lindl. is revised. Sixteen species are recognized, including one new ( C. tommii) and one dubious species ( (C. dichroantha). Three former varieties are raised to subspecies level ( C. speciosa subsp. speciosa, subsp. incarnata and subsp. fimbriata). Two species formerly included in sect. Speciosae by several authors are excluded (C. eberhardtii and C. lawrenceana).

Beschreibung: A revision of the 17 species of Urochloa Beauv. (Gramineae) in Malesia is given. Because Brachiaria (Trin.) Griseb. has been nearly completely reduced to Urochloa, 3 new combinations are proposed. A new combination is also required for Urochloa paspaloides Presl. Brachiaria eruciformis (J.E. Sm.) Griseb. has been introduced in a few places in Malesia.

Beschreibung: The genus Carruthersia is revised. Three species are recognised. The species are described and a key is presented.

Beschreibung: In the rattam family (Palmae: Lepidocaryoideae) three new species are described here: of Calamus two, C. fimbriatus and C. nigricans, and of Daemonorops one, D. pumilus.

Beschreibung: In this paper an account is given of all names in the genus Myristica Gronov. for New Guinea, including 71 new species, subspecies or varieties and 4 new names either by new combination or new rank. Sinclair (1968) accepted 40 species names with 7 varieties, Foreman (1974, 1978) admitted 45 names (38 species and 8 varieties). In the present census I have 95 species and 31 taxa of infraspecific rank, reflecting a more refined species definition as well as the intensified field collecting of the last decades. A key is given, based on male and female flowering and fruiting specimens.

Beschreibung: The phenomenon of myrmecosymbiosis in Myristica, only occurring in some species from New Guinea, is reviewed here. A key to myrmecophilous taxa (and resembling species) is presented, and the status of their myrmecophily is briefly discussed. Three myrmecophytes are described as new species (M. dasycarpa, M. sarcantha, M. verruculosa), and M. subcordata var. rimosa is described as a new variety in a species liable to be confused with a myrmecophyte.

Beschreibung: A brief summary of the present taxonomic position in Agalmyla Blume (Gesneriaceae) is given. Six new species are described, A. bicolor, A. exannulata and A. remotidentata from Sulawesi, A. macrocalyx from Borneo (Sarawak), A. samarica from the Philippines (Samar) and A. manuselae from the Moluccas (Seram). The plant long known as Dichrotrichum ternateum de Vriese is transferred to Agalmyla, under its oldest epithet, as A. elongata (Blume) B.L. Burtt, and two other early names of species from New Guinea are also transferred as A. chalmersii (F. Muell.) B.L. Burtt and A. triflora (Valeton) B.L. Burtt.

Beschreibung: Two new varietal combinations are proposed under Hoya verticillata (Vahl) G. Don (Asclepiadaceae). The reason for the delay in the publication of Sperlingia Vahl is outlined.

Beschreibung: The book begins (Part 1) with a short account of the life of Richard Eric Holttum by W.T. Stearn, followed by a chapter by M.G. Price “Holttum and ferns”. Part 2, “Floras, Biodiversity and Conservation”, with 22 contributions, deals with subjects as diverse as “Mapping the world’s Pteridophyte biodiversity” to “Diversity; status and ecology of pteridophytes in Mindanao, Philippines”, “Distribution of pteridophyte diversity and endemism in Peru”, and “Collecting live ferns for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Ferns of all continents and many countries are treated here.

Beschreibung: A joint project of the National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, and the Department of Systematic Botany, Uppsala University, the Ethiopian Flora Project that was launched in 1980, continues to produce results since the first volume (in fact Vol. 3) was published. Many efforts have gone into fund raising, and SIDA, the Swedish International Development Cooperation (earlier SAREC), and the Ethiopian Government have contributed considerable sums of money to achieve the publication of the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. The editorial team in Uppsala, Addis Ababa and Eritrea has to be congratulated that within two years after the appearance of both volumes of 1995 another issue has left the press. In this extremely rich flora region, with altitudes ranging from below sea level to 4413 m above with a multitude of climatological areas and niches a complete Flora that works has been sorely missed. Endemism is considerable. After a rather slow start, not in the last place caused by political and financial reasons, the authors have apparently contributed their shares at a much more rapid pace. The history of the organization of the writing of the Flora of Ethiopia has been elaborated in the first volume which appeared, no. 3 (Flora of Ethiopia), and the other volumes (Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea) report on the progress made. In the title the independence of Eritrea since 1993 is reflected. Taxon 41 (1992) 403 provided scant information for Vol. 3.

Beschreibung: The genera Cynanchum and Vincetoxicum are revised for the Flora Malesiana area. For Cynanchum, nine species are recognized and one new subspecies is described. For Vincetoxicum, only one species, the widespread V. carnosum, occurs in the area. Five published species of Cynanchum have to remain obscure, because the types most likely got destroyed in Berlin.

Beschreibung: A skeletal world revision of the genus is presented to accompany a family account for Flora Malesiana. 82 species are recognised, of which 74 occur in the Malesiana region. Six species are described as new, one species is raised from infraspecific status, and five species are restored from synonymy. Many names are typified for the first time. Three widespread, or locally abundant hybrids are also included. Full descriptions are given for new (6) or recircumscribed (7) species, and emended descriptions of species are given where necessary (9). Critical notes are given for all the species. Little known and excluded species are discussed. An index to all published species names and an index of exsiccatae is given.

Beschreibung: The presence of a combination of various character states (epiphytic habit, adventitious rootlets in rows along the internodes; capitate, involucrate inflorescences; certain floral features such as ‘hooded’ corolla lobe apices; heterodistyly; fruit and seed morphology and anatomy; leaf anatomy) provides evidence that the monospecific Sri Lankan endemic Leucocodon and the small Malesian genus Lecananthus are to be added to the Schradereae, a tribe hitherto thought to be monogeneric.

Beschreibung: The first volume of this series was published in 1991, and reviewed in Blumea 38, p. 216. The treatments of volumes 2 and 3 are each based on a doctor’s thesis by the first author, elaborated under supervision of Dr. Panigrahi. Volume 2 contains regional revisions of six genera: Prunus, Prinsepia, Maddenia, Rosa, Malus, and Pyrus. Prunus is taken in the inclusive sense and has 38 species in India, including a number of non-indigenous but cultivated and sometimes naturalized species. Prinsepia and Maddenia have one species each in the region covered. Rosa is a well represented genus in India and 37 species are recognized, including several non-native garden roses. Of the Maloideae only Malus (4 species) and Pyrus (4 species) are treated.

Beschreibung: The genus Anodendron A. DC. is revised. Formosia Pichon is included in synonymy. Seventeen species are recognised including two new species and two new combinations.

Beschreibung: In a revision of the Malesian representatives of the genus Selliguea (Polypodiaceae) several recently collected specimens form Borneo were found to represent a very distinct, but hitherto undescribed species. From the few collections seen so far, it appears that the new species is not a very narrow endemic, and the fact that it has only been collected after 1970 probably is an indication of the increasingly intensive exploration of Borneo in recent times. In so far as the specimens had been identified, the names S. feei Bory and S. heterocarpa (Blume) Blume had been applied. In general habit, the species is closest to S. heterocarpa, but can be distinguished by the following characters: Selliguea heterocarpa — Rhizome 2-4 mm thick; rhizome scales peltate, 5-8.5 by 1-1.4 mm, straw-coloured to dull brown, with a thick, almost spongy pseudocosta, remotely and weakly dentate at base, entire towards the apex. Hydathodes frequent, margin without notches. Sori forming transversal coenosori, slightly to (usually) deeply sunken. Selliguea sri-ratu — Rhizome 4-8 mm thick; rhizome scales pseudopeltate, 7-13 by 1.2-2.5 mm, brown, without pseudocosta, strongly dentate. Hydathodes absent or infrequent, margin regularly notched. Sori round, elongated or sometimes confluent into a transversal coenosorus, superficial.

Beschreibung: The Philippine species of Medinilla (Melastomataceae) are revised and a total of eighty species are recognized for the Philippine archipelago, one of the centres of diversity of Medinilla. The species exhibit a wide array of forms and highly localized geographic distributions. A systematic study of herbarium specimens revealed the existence of twelve species groups. A key to the species groups and species within each group, descriptions, illustrations, and habitat information are provided. The segregate genera Carionia, Cephalomedinilla, and Hypenanthe are treated here as congeneric with Medinilla. One new species, M. palawanensis, is described. Three new combinations and several reductions, neotypifications, and lectotypifications are proposed.

Beschreibung: Zonariophila semiendophytica is described as a new genus and species from the coast of the East Cape, South Africa. It is characterized by a single large elongate basal cell immersed in the thallus of Zonaria subarticulata (Lamour.) Papenf.; this laterally compressed cell gives rise, on both edges, to several short (up to 2.5 mm), uncorticated, erect, sparingly branched filaments. The position and structure of the procarp (the subapical cell in a determinate female fertile filament bears two sterile pericentral cells and one fertile pericentral cell, the latter with one sterile cell and a four-celled carpogonial filament), and the development of a single involucral filament from the hypogenous cell, put this genus in the immediate vicinity of Pleonosporium, and placement in the tribe Compsothamnieae is proposed.

Beschreibung: Goodyera subregularis (Rchb. f.) Schltr. from New Caledonia and Vanuatu is transferred to Anoectochilus. A non-peloric Anoectochilus, possibly the normal form of A. papuanus (Schltr.) Kittr., is recorded from New Guinea for the first time. Platylepis bombus J.J. Sm. and P. tidorensis J.J. Sm. are transferred to Moerenhoutia. The genus Tubilabium J.J. Sm. is reduced to Myrmechis Blume and the two species of the former are transferred. Cheirostylis quadrilobata Schltr. and C. chalmersii (Schltr.) Schltr. are also transferred to Myrmechis. The genus Myrmechis was not previously recorded from Sulawesi and New Guinea. Papuaea reticulata Schltr. is newly recorded from Irian Jaya; this monotypic genus is here illustrated for the first time. Odontochilus calcaratus Hook. f. is reduced to Pristiglottis uniflora (Blume) Cretz. & J.J. Sm.

Beschreibung: As compared with the treatment in the Flora of Java (Backer in Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, 1963) with 8 species, a recent review of the genus Trichosanthes in Java resulted in the acceptance of 10 species for this island. Important changes are: the name T. trifolia has to be replaced by a later species name, T. wawrae Cogn.; T. anguina is a variety of T. cucumerina [T. cucumerina L. var. anguina (L.) Haines]; the name T. bracteata as used in the Flora of Java appeared to represent three other different species: T. tricuspidata Lour., T. quinquangulata A. Gray, and T. pubera Blume; and T. sumatrana Cogn., never recorded before, appeared to occur in Java.

Beschreibung: This paper is a taxonomic revision of the genus Bromheadia. In Bromheadia sect. Bromheadia seven species and two varieties are recognized. One species, B. pendek, and one variety, B. borneensis var. longiflora, are described as new. Bromheadia philippinensis Ames & Quisumb. is here reduced to synonymy. Bromheadia sect. Aporodes has 19 species; 12 species (B. cecieliae, B. coomansii, B. devogelii, B. gracilis, B. graminea, B. grandiflora, B. humilis, B. latifolia, B. lohaniensis, B. longifolia, B. robusta, and B. srilankensis) are here newly described. Keys to the species are provided, together with a description of each species. Information on colours, distribution, habitat and ecology, general notes, and illustrations are given for each species where available.

Beschreibung: Section Appendiculopsis of the orchid genus Agrostophyllum is revised. Six taxa are recognized: Agrostophyllum elongatum, A. laterale, A. stipulatum subsp. stipulation and subsp. bicuspidatum, A. sumatranum and 1 A. trifidum. The status of a seventh taxon, A. ley tense, is uncertain. No new species are described here. Agrostophyllum celebicum Schltr. is reduced to A. stipulatum subsp. stipulatum, Poaephyllum hansenii J.J. Wood is reduced to A. laterale. The latter appears to be a strict rheophyte. All species are described and illustrated, and their phylogeny and ecology are discussed. The infrageneric classification and the systematic position of Agrostophyllum are reviewed.

Beschreibung: Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (12°12’N, 68°77’W) is an island in the Caribbean sea, situated about 50 km east of Curacao and 80 km north of the South American continent (Venezuela). Its 288 2 km of land hold about 14,000 inhabitants. Bonaire has a strongly growing population, which is mostly due to immigrants settling on the island. The surrounding waters hold much tropical sea life, which attracks a lot of dive tourism. The present reefs and sea grass beds provide a suitable habitat for juvenile green (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) turtles. Seasonal nesting on Bonaire’s beaches is accounted for mostly by the loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and the hawksbill turtle. Leatherbacks (Dermochelys coriacea) are only rarely encountered. The Sea Turtle Club Bonaire (STCB) is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation, it’s main goal being the conservation of sea turtles around the island of Bonaire. The strong decline in the presence of sea turtles the past few decades is a result of the developing tourist industry, leading to a loss of potential nesting grounds. On the other hand the illegal capture and poaching of nests. Since the amendment of the Marine Environment Ordinance (A.B. 1984, no. 21) in 1991, which prohibits any handling or possession of turtles or turtle products, turtle fishing has dropped, but still continues on a small scale. As in 1995, in 1996 the STCB appointed two graduate biology students as project assistants for The Sea Turtle Club 1996 Project. Research took place from June to December in cooperation with the University of Amsterdam. Housing and research facilities were all arranged by the STCB with the help of many sponsoring organisations. During the first month the project assistants were introduced to the Bonairian community by the former year’s project assistant. During the first two months a dramatic increase in the amount of crawls was obvious. Over the nesting season, the number of crawls found (116) almost tripled compared to the number found in former years (40 in ’93 and 44 in ’95). Much time was spent on the tracking and identifying of individual nesting turtles, in order to confirm the hypothesis about a returning nesting population (cohorts) on Bonaire. Six different nesting turtles were photoidentified in the course of the project. A new nesting ground was discovered on a hotel property beach (Harbour Village Resort), which was surprising, because of its artificial character and high human impact. The cycle of a nest being made and it’s subsequent hatching was filmed on location (probably for the first time on Bonaire). The most important nesting ground remains Klein Bonaire, especially for the hawksbill turtle. A total of 16 nests were excavated and determined for their hatching success. The STCB 1996 Project had a number of objectives concerning the public awareness of sea turtles in specific and nature conservation in general. The campaign was targeting both the local and the tourist community. Various folders were distributed, posters were sold, information about sea turtle conservation was placed in the museum of the national park, and weekly slide shows were given. Also, regular press updates, radio and television interviews were published. More generally associated activities were the participation in the organisation of a “World Cleanup Day” and the coaching of “Turtuganan di Bonairu”, an educational snorkel program for local children. On the initiative of the Foundation for the Preservation of Klein Bonaire, a promotional video on the different aspects that make this uninhabited islet so special has been produced. A separate part about the sea turtles was included, in which the disastrous consequences of the possible future developments are evaluated. The video will be broadcasted in various countries For both research and conservation reasons, the diving community was confronted again with the sighting network which worked extremely well. A total of 889 turtle sightings were reported in 1996. Furthermore, the project assistants engaged in a lot of side-activities such as dealing with stranded turtles, gathering information on illegal fishing and meetings with other NGO’s. In October, a three day long international platform meeting on conservation areas was organised on Bonaire. The STCB was presented its recent sea turtle nesting figures, and the importance of Klein Bonaire as main nesting ground was emphasized. The many attending parties (Dutch and Antillian government representatives, WWF and other NGO’s, researchers and land owners) came some steps closer in the safeguarding of important nature areas on the Dutch Antilles and Aruba. In November, representatives of different NGO’s, including the STCB were able to discuss some recent problems with a delegation of chairmen of the main parties of the Dutch parliament. On this occasion, the threats that face the Lay Bay area were brought under the attention by the STCB. It is believed and hoped for that action on both the Klein Bonaire and Lac Bay issues will be undertaken.

Beschreibung: In 1987 a major biospeleogical expedition, ‘Speleo Nederland’, was carried out along the coastal Taurus mountains in southwest Anatolia (Turkey). ‘Speleo Nederland’ was focused on collecting the fauna of caves, wells, subterranean waterflows, and the interstices of marine gravel beaches. The special yield of stygobiont crustaceans, predominantly amphipods of the genus Bogidiella, promised to serve as an interesting case study to the colonization of inland groundwater by marine organisms. Now, in July 1996, a second sampling program occurred along the southern Turkish coast between Antalya and Alanya.

Beschreibung: The Orange-necked Partridge Arborophila davidi was discovered in 1927 at Bu Kroai, Song Be Province in Vietnam (Delacour et al., 1928). Until 1991 it was considered to be extinct, when it was reported to have been seen very briefly on a site near Dac Lua, a substation of Cat Tien National Park, Dong Nai Province (Eames et al., 1992). From February 1997 until the end of April 1997, a three-month survey of the Orangenecked Partridge was made in Cat Tien National Park and in the neighbouring Cat Loc Nature Reserve. The aim of this survey was to determine if the species was present and to gather data on its ecology and behaviour. The site near Dac Lua was searched and line transects were used to survey other areas systematically. Five other species of galliforms were also surveyed; Germain’s Peacockpheasant Polyplectron germaini, Scaly-breasted Partridge Arborophila chloropus, Siamese Fireback Lophura diardi, Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus and Green Peafowl Pavo muticus. The presence of the Orange-necked Partridge was established in an area of approximately 10 km2 in Cat Loc (up to 26 individuals) and at two sites in Cat Tien (two and five individuals). The Orange-necked Partridge appears to have a preference for slopes covered with bamboo and a thick litter layer. The species seems to tolerate some degree of habitat disturbance by man. Both Cat Tien and especially Cat Loc are under threat. Large areas of Cat Loc have been cleared of forest and the central government of Vietnam is encouraging the hill tribes that live there to start commercial cashew nut plantations. Particularly Cat Loc Nature Reserve needs to be better protected to secure the continued existence of the Orange-necked Partridge.

Beschreibung: This article contains a taxonomic revision of four orchid genera of the subtribe Collabiinae: Chrysoglossum (4 species), Collabium (11 species), Diglyphosa (2 species), and Pilophyllum (1 species). Three species are described as new: Chrysoglossum ensigerum, Collabium acuticalcar and Collabium carinatum. Chrysoglossum halbergii, Ch. maculatum, Ch. gibbsiae, and Ch. cyrtopetalum are reduced to Chrysoglossum ornatum. Diglyphosa macrophyllum, D. celebica and D. elmeri are reduced to Diglyphosa latifolia. Keys to the genera and species are given. Synonymy, descriptions, colour notes, distribution, habitat notes, and detailed illustrations are given for the genera and species.

Beschreibung: A fossil fragment of the right maxilla and premaxilla of a large terrestrial carnivore, collected in 1983 somewhere West of the Brown Ridge in the southern part of the North Sea, is described and identified, through a process of elimination, as Hyaena brevirostris Aymard, 1846, of Early to Middle Pleistocene age.

Beschreibung: Marosichthys huismani (de Beaufort, 1926), a fish from the Miocene of the Celebes, was described in the tripod fish family Triacanthidae, Tetraodontiformes. It is shown here to be a valid genus of the surgeon fish family Acanthuridae, Perciformes, and closely related to the Recent genus Naso. Marosichthys is unique among all acanthurids in having the ventral shafts of the first two basal pterygiophores of the spiny dorsal fin in the preneural space (versus only one in front of the first neural spine) and no vacant interneural spaces (versus the third space vacant).

Beschreibung: Trogloianiropsis lloberai n. gen., n. sp. is described from the flooded coastal karst of the Balearic Islands. It superficially resembles Ianiropsis Sars, 1897 and Janaira Moreira & Pires, 1977, but differs from both in some remarkable characters. It seems to be restricted to the deeper layers of anchihaline cave lakes, and shows a troglobitized morphology (i.e.: absence of eyes and body pigmentation, and extraordinary elongation of antennae). Since its phyletic affinities are not clear, its biogeographic significance and possible derivation from deep-sea or shallow-water ancestors cannot be established.

Beschreibung: Menippus philippinensis Jacoby, 1894, is reported from Java, and Issikia clarki (Jacoby, 1884) comb. nov., from Sumatra.

Beschreibung: A new species of Lobophytum from Indonesia is described and depicted: Lobophytum jasparsi.

Beschreibung: Galeruca malakkana spec. nov., a new species is described from Malaysia.

Beschreibung: An obscure species of the large leptolid genus Sertularia, S. notabilis Fraser, 1947, originally described from Tortuga Island, Venezuela, and not recorded since, is re-described and recorded from Brazilian coastal waters. This material is compared with Fraser’s type series; its relationship with Sertularia hattori Leloup, 1940, from Japanese and Korean waters, is discussed and possible conspecificity evaluated.

Beschreibung: Eoferreola rhombica, a pompilid new to the Dutch fauna, and its remarkable host, Eresus sandaliatus (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae; Araneae: Eresidae) In 1998 a female specimen of Eoferreola rhombica (Christ, 1791) was collected in a road-verge on the Veluwe. The nearest populations of this species are found in northern France and eastern Germany. It is possible that this insect was transported by traffic from one of these populations. However at the collection site a large population of the rare host spider Eresus sandaliatus (Martini & Goeze, 1778) is known to be present for many years. Therefore the presence of a population of E. rhombica cannot be excluded. Future observations have to reveal the status of this spider wasp in the Netherlands.

Beschreibung: New and old records of the robberfly Machimus cowini in the Netherlands (Diptera: Asilidae) Until recently, Machimus cowini (Hobby, 1943) was known from just one record in the Netherlands. An examination of Dutch specimens of the similar M. cingulatus revealed specimens of M. cowini from five new localities. The records are concentrated on the island Ameland and along the rivers Waal and Maas. On Ameland, M. cowini probably occurs in coastal dunes. Near Nijmegen the species was found in grassy vegetation on floodplains and on riverdunes near the river.

Beschreibung: Faunistic review of the Dutch woodlouse-flies (Diptera: Rhinophoridae) The faunistics of the seven Dutch species of Rhinophoridae are discussed. Of each species a short diagnosis , its distribution in the Netherlands, habitat and phenology are given. The larvae of all Rhinophoridae are endoparasites on woodlice (Isopoda: Oniscidae). In a separate paper information on associations with hosts and other ecological information will be discussed.

Beschreibung: When the megalopa stage of estuarine crab species becomes competent for settlement and metamorphosis, it responds to specific chemical and physical cues from the adult environment. Delayed metamorphosis in the absence of such cues is beneficial insofar as it increases the probability of finding a suitable habitat, and it may also enhance the genetic exchange between separate populations. However, this developmental and behavioural response may incur energetic costs reducing the fitness of later life-history stages. In a laboratory investigation, we studied postmetamorphic consequences of delayed metamorphosis for growth and survival in early juvenile instars (I through V) of an estuarine grapsid crab, Chasmagnathus granulata (Dana, 1851). In competent megalopa larvae of this species, metamorphosis is induced by chemical cues from muddy substrates and conspecific adults (control treatment), After delayed metamorphosis in the absence of these cues (experimental treatment), survival and body size were significantly reduced in the first crab stage, and the duration of development to the second juvenile instar was significantly longer. Survival, moult-cycle duration, and percentage growth increments were not significantly affected in later juvenile instars. However, as a consequence of the initial reduction in development and growth, the crabs from the experimental treatment remained consistently smaller and moulted later to successive instars than in the control group. Our results indicate that delayed metamorphosis is associated with a reduced postmetamorphic fitness in an estuarine crab species.