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  • Oceanography  (26)
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • Niederschlag
  • Samut Prakan, Thailand  (26)
  • 2020-2022  (26)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1930-1934
  • 1
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    Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the surface sediment of the South China Sea, Area I: Gulf of Thailand and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26350 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 06:25:19 | 26350 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: To obtain more information on the distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in Thai and Malaysian waters, the surface sediment samples of 48 stations in the Gulf of Thailand and the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia were collected by M.V. SEAFDEC during the research cruise in September 1995 and repeated again in April 1996. Cysts of 20 species belonging to Goniolacoid, Tuberculodinioid and Peridinioid were found in the surface sediments collected from both cruises. Spiniferites spp. (=Gonyaulax spp.) were the dominant cyst in Thai and Malaysian waters. No cysts of harmful species were observed during this study.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Dominant species ; Cysts ; Sediments ; Benthos ; Gonyaulax ; Dinoflagellata ; Spiniferites ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand ; Malaysia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
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    Format: 294-309
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  • 2
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    Proceedings of the Second Technical Seminar on Marine Fishery Resources Survey in the South China Sea, Area II: Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei Darussalam Waters, 14-15 December 1998, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26397 | 23782 | 2019-04-11 08:14:12 | 26397 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Due to gross over-exploitation and a paucity of adequate information on fishery oceanographic, environmental and biological conditions that sustain the fisheries of the South China Seas region, the fisheries have become greatly impoverished. The deficiency in scientific intelligence has also circumscribed all attempts at substantive and tangible planning or management of fisheries throughout the region. The NAGA Oceanographic Expedition of 1959-1961, organized jointly by the United States of America, The Kingdom of Thailand and the erstwhile Republic of Vietnam, achieved pioneering oceanographic work in the Gulf of Thailand and the South China Seas. This invaluable scientific data acquisition was not pursued for a number of reasons, and thus, a holistic and dependable profile of oceanographic conditions and their seasonal variations and patterns failed to develop. Perceiving the vital importance and the deficiency of fundamental information and data for fisheries planning and management, the SEAFDEC Training Department (TD) and the Marine Fisheries Resources Development and Management Department (MFRDMD), jointly launched an inter-Department Collaborative Research program in 1995, to evaluate the fisheries resources of the South china Sea as a basal objective in the development of sustainable fisheries.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Oceanography ; Oceanographic surveys ; Primary production ; Check lists ; Abundance ; Biomass
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    Type: book
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    Format: 370
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  • 3
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    Dissolved oxygen and carbonate-carbon dioxide in the sea water of the South China Sea, Area I: Gulf of Thailand and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26321 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 07:09:15 | 26321 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Dissolved oxygen and carbonate system in seawater in the Gulf of Thailand and the east coast of Peninsular Malaysian September 1995 and April-May 1996 were determined. It was found that surface water was well in equilibrium with the atmosphere. The sub-pycnocline water in the Gulf had the chemistry that was distinctly different from the mixed layer as well as from sub-pycnocline water in the South China Sea near the mouth of the Gulf, even with the same depth. There were some evidences that intermediate water in the South China Sea might flow into the Gulf along the central axis and the coast of Vietnam and Cambodia, and exited the Gulf along the Thai-Malay Peninsular coast. The chemistry of deep water in the South China Sea off the coast of Western Malaysia varied its chemistry by a great deal among seasons which might be due to the prevailing monsoon. Seawater in the Gulf of Thailand and South China Sea was supersaturated with respected to the mineral calcite.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Oceanography ; Carbonates ; Calcite ; Chemical oceanography ; Carbon dioxide ; Dissolved oxygen ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand ; Malaysia
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  • 4
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    Some physical and chemical characteristics of bottom sediments in the South China Sea, Area I: Gulf of Thailand and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26322 | 23782 | 2019-03-28 08:23:35 | 26322 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Investigations on horizontal and vertical distribution in levels of total organic matter contents (TOM), acid volatile sulfides contents (AVS), and water contents (WC) of bottom sediments from the eastern and western parts of the Gulf of Thailand and the eastern part of the Peninsular Malaysia have been carried out during 5-28 September 1995 and 24 April to 17 May 1996 by M.V. SEAFDEC. The overall results indicated comparatively low amount of organic matters and sulfides deposited in the sediments. Considering on the vertical profiles, coupled efforts of low rate of sedimentation of the organic matters and high rate of their decomposition should play an important role providing fast diagenesis of their organic substances. Nevertheless, the particulate matters which had settled onto the sea bed and formed the sediments can be remarkably observed to accumulate in two major zones in the Gulf of Thailand; one in the central part of the upper gulf (around Station 7) and another one in the western part of the gulf, near Samui Island (around Station 23). Such an accumulation pattern was considered to be directly controlled by the bottom topography and current effort. The accumulation of organic materials there also implied the mode of biological fishery resources. High abundant of organisms in the benthic community should be observed. Moreover, according to biogeochemical interaction between the sediment-water interface, phytoplankton production in the overlying water column should be enhanced and, consequently, a congregation of organisms in the upper trophic levels especially those of fish species were accordingly expected. Future assessment for development of the fishery resources in the Gulf of Thailand and the eastern part of Peninsular Malaysia has been discussed.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Biogeochemical cycle ; Organic matter ; Phytoplankton ; Sedimentation ; Trophic levels ; Sediment analysis ; Vertical profiles ; Benthos ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand ; Malaysia
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    Format: 12-33
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  • 5
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    Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and total aliphatic hydrocarbon (TAH) in the bottom sediment of the South China Sea, Area I: Gulf of Thailand and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26327 | 23782 | 2019-03-28 08:37:18 | 26327 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Surface sediment (0-2cm) from 23 stations in the Gulf of Thailand and the South China Sea were analysed for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH), and Total Aliphatic Hydrocarbon (TAH). PAH was found to be in the range between 0.7047 mmg/g dry wt. (Stn 70) to 26.6066 mmg/g dry wt. (Stn 52) to 25.5314 mmg/g dry wt. (Stn 41). Long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon (n〉20) were found to be dominant species in the most of the sample.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Pollution ; Saturated hydrocarbons ; Aromatic hydrocarbons ; Sediment analysis ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand ; Malaysia
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    Format: 100-104
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  • 6
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    Distribution of macrobenthos in the South China Sea, Area I: Gulf of Thailand and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26349 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 06:20:51 | 26349 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: A study on the macrobenthos profile was conducted using the research vessel MV SEAFDEC in almost all parts of the Gulf of Thailand and the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 44 stations were located within the Gulf of Thailand and 37 within that of East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Two cruises were carried out during the pre-and post-north-east monsoon. Macrobenthos showed greater density in Malaysian waters during the pre-monsoon period with 2500 individuals (at an average 67.6 individuals/m2) compared to the Gulf of Thailand which showed 860 individuals (average 19.5 individuals/m2). However, sampling after the monsoon has indicated quite the reverse, with 2680 individuals (60.9 individuals/m2) found in the Gulf of Thailand compared to 620 individuals (16.8 individuals/m2) in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. All samples from both cruises were dominated by polychaete worms, followed by crustacea. Other groups such as echinoderms, molluscs, nemertians and sipunculids were also observed in lesser quantities. In terms of diversity, the Gulf of Thailand showed less families/taxa before the monsoon (with 20 families) than after the monsoon (with 35 families). The reverse holds true for the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia when 33 families were uncovered before the monsoon compared to 26 families after the monsoon. Among the dominant families/taxa were the polychaetes Cirratulidae, Orbiniidae, Eunicidae and Maldanidae; caridean shrimps and ophiuroids (brittle star).
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Geographical distribution ; Species diversity ; Population density ; Zoobenthos ; Polychaeta ; Crustacea ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand ; Malaysia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 285-293
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  • 7
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    Temporal changes in the abundance of macrobenthos in the South China Sea, Area I: Gulf of Thailand and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26345 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 05:43:06 | 26345 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The ecology of macrobenthic fauna in the Gulf of Thailand and the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia was studied for two periods of time at pre NE monsoon (4 Sep.- 4 Oct. 1995) and post NE monsoon (23 Apr. -23 May, 1996). It was found that the overall abundance of macrobenthic fauna presented the highest density at station 52 (920 ind. m-2). Polychaete was the dominant group in the benthic communities. The result of the survey of the ecology of benthic fauna shows that the fauna density increases with a decreasing water depth. Polychaete, Crustacea and Echinoderm groups displayed a marked change in density with the during period of the monsoon and the diversity index showed different patterns during the pre and post NE monsoon periods.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Species diversity ; Abundance ; Population density ; Zoobenthos ; Monsoons ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand ; Malaysia
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 156-171
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  • 8
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    Numerical simulations of the net current in the gulf of Thailand under different monsoon regimes (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26324 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 08:48:29 | 26324 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Net circulation in the three layers in the Gulf of Thailand 0-10 m, 10-40 m and 〉40 m were simulated by a hydrological model using tri-monthly average of observed temperature, salinity, depth and wind. Prevailing monsoon was an important factor controlling current speed and direction of water above the pycnocline (0-40 m). The water in the upper 10 m flew from the South China Sea during the Northeast Monsoon and opposite during the Southwest Monsoon. The water in the near surface layer in all simulations was replenished mainly by the opposite flow in the mid-depth layer and only slightly from the deep, nutrient enriched, water below 40 m. The true circulation gyre could not be seen in our simulations but different degrees of eddies and meanders were evident in almost all runs. These features could play very important roles in the distribution and dispersion of dissolved, particulate and biological species, including pollution and larvae, and deserved more in depth studies in the future.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Water currents ; Water circulation ; Monsoons ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand
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    Format: 54-72
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  • 9
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    Biogeochemical implications of dissolved trace metal concentration and distribution in the South China Sea, Area 1: Gulf of Thailand and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26326 | 23782 | 2019-03-28 08:33:06 | 26326 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Dissolved cadmium, copper, iron, lead and nickel in seawater at different depths were analyzed using the cobalt-APDC coprecipitation technique. The concentrations found were low and within the range found in natural seawater elsewhere. Terrestrial sources, especially near the head of the Gulf of Thailand and the Nakorn Sri Thammarat-Songkhla area on the Thai-Malay Peninsular, were clearly observed especially during the high runoff season. External input and horizontal dispersion dominated over internal recycling and removal in controlling concentration and distribution of iron and copper but it was the opposite for cadmium, nickel and lead where biological removal near surface and bottom regeneration might explain the nutrient type vertical profiles of these elements.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Biochemistry ; Trace metals ; Vertical profiles ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand ; Malaysia
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    Format: 86-99
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  • 10
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    Microplankton (including dinoflagellate and foraminifera) in the South China Sea, Area I: Gulf of Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26351 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 06:50:38 | 26351 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Joint collaborative research surveys in the Gulf of Thailand and the South China Sea around the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia during the pre northeast monsoon (4 September - 4 October, 1995) and the post northeast monsoon (24 April - 17 May, 1996) periods were carried out on board the MV SEAFDEC. The microplankton from the sampling stations consisted of more than 205 taxa consisting predominantly of blue green algae (2 species), diatoms (〉 120 species), dinoflagellates (〉 80 species) and microzooplankton (〉 30 groups). The dominant diatom species comprised of Chaetoceros lorenzianum, C. coastatum, Thalassionema frauenfeldii, Skeletonema costatum, Pleurosigma elongatum, Bacteriastrum comosun, Bacillaria paxillifera, Coscinodiscus jonesianus and Rhizosolenia calcar-avis. The genera Chaetoceros, Rhizosolenia, Coscinodiscus, Bacteriastrum and Ceratium were found to contain a wide range of species. Skeletonema bloom (1.12 x 106/m3; 47% of the total cell count) occurred around the Johore waters of the South China Sea. Dinoflagellate was also present during the premonsoon period, especially in offshore waters of the Gulf of Thailand and Terengganu nearshore waters of the South China Sea. The microzooplankton consisted of more than 30 species dominated by copepod nauplii while the foraminifera consisted mainly of the Globigerina species. The diversity index (H) and evenness index (J) values were usually high at stations near to the coast.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Dominant species ; Species diversity ; Plankton ; Foraminifera ; Bacillariophyta ; Dinoflagellata ; Cybiosarda elegans ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand ; Malaysia
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    Format: 310-335
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  • 11
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    Geostrophic current, divergence and convergence in the South China Sea, Area II: Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26399 | 23782 | 2019-04-10 08:29:25 | 26399 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Current and circulation patterns for the area where water depth exceeded 500 m were calculated from geostrophic balance. Divergence and convergence inferred from horizontal circulation matched quite well with the observed vertical migration of the pycnocline, i.e. an indication of upwelling and downwelling. The spatial circulation pattern for July-August 1996 was quite different from that for May 1997, despite a generally similar prevailing wind. Eddies and meanders were the main features causing the difference. Interpretation of chemical and biological data of the area should take into consideration these local and sporadic physical phenomena.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Ocean currents ; Geostrophic flow ; Convergence ; Ocean circulation ; Divergence ; Current observations ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Borneo ; Sabah ; Indonesia
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    Format: 23-31
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  • 12
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    Sedimentological characteristics of sediments of the South China Sea, Area II: Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei Darussalam waters (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26402 | 23782 | 2019-04-11 06:32:00 | 26402 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Surficial investigation of bottom sediments was conducted within the waters off the coast of Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam. Two sampling of bottom sediments were conducted, one before (September 1996) and one after (April 1997) the Northeast monsoon period, which normally lasts from November to February annually. During the pre-monsoon cruise, fifty-one samples were collected while 52 samples were collected during the post-monsoon exercise. The collected samples were analysed for their sedimentological characteristics of mean, sorting, skewness and kurtosis. Analyses revealed that the post-monsoon sediments are finer, better sorted in arrangement, more symmetrical and less peaked than the pre-monsoon sediments. Deeper water sediment shows the same characteristics as described above when compared to shallow water sediments. In general, the near-shore sediments are coarsest, more poorly sorted, more positively skewed and most peaked in characteristics when compared to the mid-shore and off-shore sediments.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Sediment sampling ; Sediment properties ; Sedimentology ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam
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    Format: 95-110
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  • 13
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    Distribution and composition of photosynthetic pigments in the South China Sea, Area II: Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam waters (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26406 | 23782 | 2019-04-11 06:59:05 | 26406 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Depth integrated biomass of phytoplankton in the southern part of the South China Sea off Sarawak, Brunei Darussalam and Sabah in July 1996 and May 1997 was represented by in situ fluorescence. The total biomass in the study area was not much different between the 2 surveys. However, the spatial distribution of biomass clearly showed a unique pattern for each cruise. In overall, the local biomass per unit area did not correlate strongly with surface mixed layer thickness and sea surface temperature, two indicators of upwelling used in this study. Yet, anomalously high biomass of phytoplankton found in the vicinity of Stations 37 and 38 for both survey periods could be partially related by upwelling nearby.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Upwelling ; Photosynthetic pigments ; Phytoplankton ; Biomass ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam
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    Format: 156-164
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  • 14
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    Species composition and diversity of fishes in the South China Sea, Area II: Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei Darussalam waters (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26412 | 23782 | 2019-04-10 07:50:47 | 26412 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The collaborative research on species composition and diversity of fishes in the Sabah and Sarawak waters was carried out by using otter-board trawling, through K.K. Manchong, including taxonomic survey for commercial coastal fishes landed in the markets of Sarikei, Bintulu, Miri, Labuan and Kota Kinabalu. Totally 518 species from 24 orders and 108 families were obtained. Hundred and three economic species were obtained from trawling survey and 106 species from the markets. The station point at St. 33 and 48 is the highest species richness, 69 and 70 species found. The highest CPUE were obtained at St. 44 and 48 (196 and 144 kg). Demersal species form main composition of the catches with the 9 dominant economic species. This trawling survey obtained few amount of 37 pelagic species. This survey also found the third record of Hapalogenys analis and Pomadasys auritus from the Southeast Asian waters.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Marine fish ; Catch composition ; Trawling ; Fishery surveys ; Species diversity ; Commercial species ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam ; Hapalogenys analis ; Pomadasys auritus
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  • 15
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    Nutrient diagenesis in sediments of the South China Sea, Area II: Sabah, Sarawak, and Brunei Darussalam waters (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26403 | 23782 | 2019-04-11 06:41:16 | 26403 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Study on nutrient diagenesis and physico-chemical characteristics of bottom sediments of the Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam waters had been carried out under the ongoing SEAFDEC Collaborative Research Project. The results indicated that organically enriched offshore sediments consisted high levels of pore water nitrate and phosphate concentrations. For the whole study area, the levels of nitrate and phosphate concentrations in pore water were in the ranges of 0.05 to 77.12 µg at NO3--N/L and 0.07 to 13.13 µg at PO43--P/L, respectively. Upward diffusive fluxes of pore water nitrate widely changed in stations. At the nearshore area, the fluxes of pore water nitrate had an average of 26.5 mg at NO3--N/m2/d and were about one order of magnitude higher than those of phopsphate. However, phosphate upward fluxes were apparently high at deep areas off Sabah. Pore water ammonium concentrations were commonly very low but tended to be more accumulated at nearshore organically enriched areas. The ammonium concentrations for the whole study area ranged from non-detected level to 81.76 µg at N/L. The nearshore stations showed very high upward fluxes of ammonium, which were nearly 10 times higher than those of nitrate and phosphate. Sedimentary organic levels were comparatively high in two distinct regions; (I) a shallow nearshore region of Sarawak, and (II) a deep offshore region of Sabah and Brunei Darussalam. The sources of organic materials settled in Regions (I) and (II) were suggested to be derived from different origins. The Northeast monsoon can somewhat enhance organic accumulation in the nearshore region. Overall our results obtained from this study had been used to characterize the bottom sediments into three distinct regions and discussed for further fishery resource development and management.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Sediment chemistry ; Phosphates ; Nitrates ; Sediment properties ; Biogeochemical cycle ; Fishery oceanography ; Nutrients (mineral) ; Diagenesis ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam
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    Format: 111-128
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  • 16
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    Trace metals in surface sediment of the South China Sea, Area II: Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26405 | 23782 | 2019-04-11 06:55:23 | 26405 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The trace metals composition of surface sediment of the South China Sea off Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei were measured. Total metal concentrations in the 63 µm fraction are reported in this study. For the pre-monsoon cruise, the metal concentrations ranged between 1.01 – 13.0 µgg-1 Pb, 8.28 – 99.8 µgg-1 Cu, 27.8 – 137.0 µgg-1 Zn, 10.1 – 75.7 µgg-1 Cr, 175 – 1166 µgg-1 Mn, 0.83 – 4.57% and Fe 0.16 – 2.25%. The range of metal concentrations measured in the post-monsoon cruise varied between 1.63 – 18.9 µgg-1 Pb, 7.52 – 38.0 µgg-1 Cu , 14.4 – 105 µgg-1 Zn, 19.6 – 87.6 µgg-1 Cr, 157– 1890 µgg-1 Mn, 1.37 – 9.83 % Al and 0.51 – 4.47 % Fe. The distribution of metals in the sediment showed different patterns between the pre-monsoon and the post-monsoon periods. The Rajang River seems to be one of the major factors affecting the distribution of metals in the seabed off Sarawak.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Sediment pollution ; Pollution monitoring ; Industrial wastes ; Heavy metals ; Pollution dispersion ; River discharge ; Trace metals ; Monsoons ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam
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  • 17
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    Ortho-phosphate in the sea water of the South China Sea. Area II: Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26400 | 23782 | 2019-04-10 08:34:23 | 26400 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The distribution of ortho-phosphate in the South China Sea off Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei Darussalam waters was studied in the SEAFDEC Interdepartmental Collaborative Research Survey: Area II. The samples were collected by M.V. SEAFDEC on 8 July to 3 August 1996 (pre monsoon period) and 1 to 24 May 1997 (post monsoon period). Seventy-nine stations were established in this study. The average concentration of ortho-phosphate of the pre monsoon period at 0-1 meter, 10 meter, 20 meter, 50 meter, 100 meter and 200 meter, 500 meter, 1000 meter and 1500 meter depth of the third survey cruise were 0.14 μM, 0.09 μM, 0.10 μM, 0.09 μM, 0.50 μM, 0.90 μM, 1.94 μM, 2.59 μM and 3.10 μM respectively. The average concentration of ortho-phosphate of the post monsoon period at 0-1 meter, 10 meter, 20 meter, 50 meter, 100 meter, 200 meter, 500 meter, 1000 meter and 1500 meter depth were 0.24μM, 0.28 μM, 0.20 μM, 0.25 μM, 1.15 μM and 2.27 μM, 4.13 μM, 5.19 μM and 5.41 μM respectively. The ortho-phosphate levels were low in the surface water and increase with depth. The results indicated that the deep water of the study area is very rich in phosphate.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Biological production ; Orthophosphate ; Nutrients (mineral) ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Distribution, abundance and biological studies of economically important fishes in the South China Sea, Area II: Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei Darussalam waters (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26418 | 23782 | 2019-04-10 08:23:26 | 26418 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The studies were carried out between 9th July and 3rd August 1996 (3rd cruise) and 30th April and 30th May, 1997 (4th cruise) in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Sarawak and the western part of Sabah. The species distribution, abundance, composition and length-weight relationships of some commercially important fish were investigated and compared for both cruises. The results indicate that the overall catch rate ranged from 3.5 to 194 kg/hr and averaged at 55.9 kg/hr during the 3rd cruise. For the 4th cruise, it ranged from 10.9 to 90.5 kg/hr and averaged at 50.2 kg/hr. During the 3rd cruise, 46.9% of the catch were dominated by demersal fish followed by 41.6% trash fish, 7.8% pelagic fish and 3.1% cephalopod. Priacanthidae was the most dominant family, which made up of 14.1% of the catch followed by Nemipteridae (10.8%), Carangidae (5.0%), Lutjanidae (3.7%) and Mullidae (2.1%). The ten most dominant species found during the 3rd cruise were 1. Priacanthus macracanthus (13.2%), 2. Nemipterus bathybius (3.3%), 3. Abalistes stellaris (2.8%), 4. Arius spp.(2.5%), 5. N. nematophorus (2.2%), 6. Gymnocranius griseus (1.9%), 7. N. marginatus (1.7%), 8. Sepia spp. (1.7%), 9. Decapterus spp. (1.6%) and 10. Carcharhinus spp (1.3%). During the 4th cruise, the family Nemipteridae (12.7%) formed the most dominant fish family followed by Carangidae (8.7%), Mullidae (7.1%), Lutjanidae (4.9%) and Priacanthidae (2.2%). The ten most dominant species were: 1. Loligo spp. (5.7%), 2. Nemipterus bathybius (4.2%), 3. Abalistes stellaris (4.0%), 4. Upeneus moluccensi (3.8%), 5. Nemipterus nemurus (3.8%), 6. Gymnocranius griseus (3.2%), 7. Carangoides malabaricus (3.2%), 8. Plectorhynchus pictus (3.1%), 9. Upeneus bensasi (2.4%) and 10. Arius spp. (1.8%). The morphometric study shows that the population of fish are normally distributed.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Marine fish ; Fishery surveys ; Pelagic fisheries ; Demersal fisheries ; Commercial species ; Fishery biology ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 353-361
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    Stock assessment by hydro-acoustic method in the South China Sea Area II: Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26417 | 23782 | 2019-04-10 08:18:26 | 26417 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Acoustic resource surveys were conducted by M/V SEAFDEC off Sarawak, Brunei and the east coast of Sabah from July 10 to August 2, 1996 for pre-NE monsoon season and from May 1 to May 24, 1997 for post-NE monsoon season, using the scientific echo sounder FQ-70, developed by Furuno Electric Co. Japan. Collected raw values of backscattering strength (SV) from the 200 kHz transducer were carefully corrected and filtered to eliminate the influence of plankton. These corrected SV values were divided into pelagic and demersal fish, and were used to estimate the biomass of pelagic and demersal multi-species in the limited coastal waters off Sarawak. Decapterus macrosoma for pelagic fish and Priacanthus macracanthus for demersal fish were selected as representative species, based on the fisheries statistics, landing place survey, and research vessel survey in order to estimate biomass. The standard length (SL) and weight of these representative species were obtained from research vessel survey and supported by previous literatures. Target strength (TS) of these representative species were calculated using formula TS = 20 log(SL) - 66. The distribution of the SV values for pelagic fish showed distinct difference between pre and post Northeast (NE) monsoon seasons along the coastal waters. Greater concentrations of SVs were observed from depth 100 and 200m on the continental shelf along the survey area for both the seasons. The estimated biomass of multi-species fish off coastal Sarawak waters for the pre and post NE monsoon seasons was 120,000 tonnes (100,000 tonnes of pelagic fish and 2x105 tonnes of demersal fish) and 470,000 tonnes (360,000 tonnes of pelagic fish and 110,000 tonnes of demersal fish), respectively. Estimated Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) was 83,000 tonnes for pelagic fish and 31,000 tonnes for demersal fish when using Cadima’s model.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Marine fisheries ; Pelagic fisheries ; Fishery surveys ; Stock assessment ; Demersal fisheries ; Echo surveys ; Fishery resources ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 338-352
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    Physical characteristics of watermass in the South China Sea, Area II: Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei Darussalam waters (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26398 | 23782 | 2019-04-08 06:33:50 | 26398 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: This study provides new information on the physical characteristics of water masses in Sabah and Sarawak waters. The aim was to determine the effect of Southwest (SW) monsoon on the variability of water masses, in Sabah and Sarawak waters. Physical characteristics data were obtained using an instrument called “Integrated Conductivity Temperature Depth” (iCTD), during the third (July 1996) and fourth (May 1997) cruises of the MV SEAFDEC research vessel, conducted during the SW monsoon season. Vertical distributions and profiles of temperature, salinity and density were analyzed and their variations between the two cruises compared. It is concluded that there were no great variations of temperature, salinity and density values in the study area, during both cruises. This is because both cruises were conducted during the SW monsoon season. However, variations of temperature, salinity and density values were observed between shallow and deep waters, as well as coastal and offshore waters. Based on their vertical distributions and profiles obtained during the two cruises, water properties in shallow waters were found to vary slightly from the deeper ones. As a result, in the southern tip of the South China Sea, where the water was shallow, its properties here differed a little from the rest of the study area. This was due to the pronounced mixing effect of surface waves in shallow waters. At the same time, lower salinity and consequently, lower density values were detected in coastal waters, resulting from of the influx of freshwater from Sabah and Sarawak rivers during this monsoon season.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Salinity data ; Water masses ; Physical oceanography ; Density ; Temperature data ; Vertical profiles ; Monsoons ; South China Sea ; Sarawak ; Malaysia ; Sabah
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1-22
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    Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the surface sediment of South China Sea: Area 2. Off Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26415 | 23782 | 2019-04-10 08:04:47 | 26415 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The surface sediment samples of 47 stations in Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam waters were collected by M.V. SEAFDEC for identification and quantitative analysis of benthic dinoflagellate cysts. A total of 18 dinoflagellate cyst belonging to family Gonyaulacaceae, Pyrophacaceae and Protoperiniaceae were identified. The cyst density in this area was in a range of 6 to 278 cysts/cm3 with Spiniferites bulloideus was the dominant species. Cysts of harmful species were not observed in this study but a small number of Alexandrium cyst-like was found at a station near coastal area of Sarawak.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Biological surveys ; Cysts ; Sediment analysis ; Benthos ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam ; Protoperiniaceae ; Zoomastigophora ; Spiniferites bulloideus ; Gonyaulacaceae ; Pyrophacaceae
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 310-322
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    Temporal changes in the abundance of macrobenthos in the South China Sea, Area II: Sarawak, Brunei and Sabah (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26416 | 23782 | 2019-04-10 08:09:08 | 26416 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The macrobenthic fauna in the South China Sea (Sarawak, Brunei and Sabah) was surveyed during pre NE monsoon (4 Jul.- 8 Aug. 1996) and post NE monsoon (25 Apr.-31 May 1997). Over 90 species were collected by Smith-McIntyre grab of 47 stations. The overall density of macrobenthic fauna in Sarawak, Brunei and Sabah area was 100 ind. m-2 on average in the pre NE monsoon and 167 ind.m-2 on average in the post NE monsoon. Most species were carnivore/scavengers followed by deposit-feeder and fewer suspension-feeder or herbivores both in the pre and post NE monsoon. There was a marked seasonal variation in faunal composition between the pre and post NE monsoon. During the pre NE monsoon polychaeta was the most abundance followed by crustacea while during the post NE monsoon crustacea was the most abundance followed by polychaete and the remaining groups of macrobenthic fauna which were poorly represented in the survey areas both in the pre and post NE monsoon periods. All the diversity indices decline from the pre to post NE monsoon.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Species diversity ; Abundance ; Population density ; Zoobenthos ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam ; Polychaeta ; Crustacea
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 323-337
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    Kind, abundance and distribution of the fish larvae in the South China Sea, Area II: Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26413 | 23782 | 2019-04-10 07:55:08 | 26413 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Fish larvae samples were obtained from 79 stations in South China Sea of the Sarawak , Brunei and Sabah during the pre northeast monsoon season (August - September 1996) and the post northeast monsoon (April - May 1997). The standard larvae net and bongo net were used for the surface and oblique sampling. The specimens were identified which comprise of 112 families and 186 species of fish larvae observed from both cruises. For the pre northeast monsoon sampling there were 5,156 individuals observed from 86 families and 125 species in the surface horizontal haul and 16,277 individuals from 96 families and 149 species in the oblique haul. The post northeast monsoon collection showed 6,595 individuals from 79 families and 114 species collected in the surface horizontal hauls and 24,450 individuals from 94 families and 158 species observed in the oblique hauls. From the surface horizontal sampling, the abundant larvae observed were Stolephorus sp., Sardinella sp., Upeneus sp., Myripristis sp., Holocentrus sp., Gobiidae, Decapterus sp. and Diaphus sp. Specimens from the oblique hauls, Gobiidae, Bregmaceros rarisquamosus, Nemipterus sp., Stolephorus sp. and Callionymus sp. were the most species observed abundant in the collection. The mesopelagic fish larvae, Hygophum sp., Myctophum sp., Pollichthys sp. and Lampadena sp. were found abundant in the oblique specimens in the deep sea stations. The larvae were collected in more abundant during the early morning, night time and cloudy day sampling.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Marine fish ; Distribution records ; Quantitative distribution ; Check lists ; Biomass ; Fish larvae ; Fishery resources ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam ; Stolephorus ; Gobiidae ; Upeneus ; Myripristis ; Decapterus ; Sardinella ; Holocentrus ; Diaphus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 243-287
    Format: 45
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    Biomass estimation by hydro-acoustic methods in the South China Sea, Area II: Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26419 | 23782 | 2019-04-10 08:26:18 | 26419 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The abundance of fisheries resources and their structure off shore of Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei Darussalam were investigated under the SEAFDEC Collaborative Research Survey. Hydro-acoustic surveying by using a scientific echo sounder model FQ-70 was conducted for estimating the fish abundance and biomass. Two survey cruises were carried out by M.V. SEAFDEC during 10 July to 2 August 1996 and 1 to 24 May 1997 for pre and post-northeast monsoon seasons, respectively. The scientific echo-sounder was equipped with an echo-integrator and two quasi-ideal beam transducers with operating frequencies of 50 and 200 kHz. For pre and post-northeast monsoon season was 1,717,852 tons and 956,397 tons, respectively. The maximum fish abundance were found at the water depth between 100 to 200 m was 92.4% and 49.8% of total abundance for pre and post-northeast monsoon season, respectively.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Marine fisheries ; Fishery surveys ; Abundance ; Stock assessment ; Echo surveys ; Fishery resources ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 362-370
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    Distribution, abundance and composition of zooplankton in the South China Sea, Area II: Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam waters (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26414 | 23782 | 2019-04-10 08:00:23 | 26414 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: The samples of 79 stations in Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei Darussalam waters were collected by M.V. SEAFDEC on 4 July - 9 August 1996 and on 25 April - 31 May 1997. Thirty-eight groups of zooplankton were found in this study. Copepoda dominated the zooplankton population, followed by Ostracoda and Chaetognatha in both periods. Biomass varies from 0.11-1.54 ml/m3 (average 0.44±0.25) and 0.09-1.76 ml/m3 (average 0.45±0.33) in July and May respectively. Abundance varies from 72-681 no/m3 (average 232±125) and 35-1,383 no/m3 (average 251±216) in July and May respectively. T-test shows no significant difference of biomass and abundance between July and May.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Quantitative distribution ; Abundance ; Zooplankton ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam ; Copepoda ; Ostracoda ; Chaetognatha
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 288-309
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    Distribution, abundance and species composition of phytoplankton in the South China Sea, Area II: Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26410 | 23782 | 2019-04-10 07:42:33 | 26410 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: Four hundred and four samples of phytoplankton were collected from 79 stations in Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam waters, during 2 cruises of M.V. SEAFDEC, 10 July - 2 August 1996 and 1 – 24 May 1997. The Samples were collected from surface, seasonal thermocline and chlorophyll maximum depth. Three hundred and ten taxa, composed of 2 species of blue green alga, 139 species of diatoms and 150 species of dinoflagellates, were identified. The occurrence of phytoplankton species in each layer were recorded. The species frequently found predominant in the surface layer were Oscillatoria erythraea, Thalassionema frauenfeldii and Pseudosolenia calcaravis, and in the chlorophyll maximum layer were Oscillatoria erythraea, Thalassionema frauenfeldii, Chaetoceros affinis, C. messanensis and Fragilariopsis doliolus. Small numbers of toxic dinoflagellates were observed. Quantity of phytoplankton in the chlorophyll maximum layer was most abundant among the three layers observed. Diversity and evenness indices of phytoplankton in this layer were high during both sampling periods.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Vertical distribution ; Dominant species ; Community composition ; Species diversity ; Phytoplankton ; Surface layers ; Biological sampling ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam ; Pseudosolenia calcaravis ; Chaetoceros affinis ; Thalassionema frauenfeldii ; Chaetoceros messanensis ; Oscillatoria erythraea ; Bacillariophyceae ; Fragilariopsis doliolus ; Cyanophyta ; Dinophyta
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 177-196
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