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  • 04.04. Geology  (10)
  • 04. Solid Earth  (5)
  • Elsevier  (15)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 2020-2022  (15)
  • 1965-1969
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Keywords
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    Advancements in Understanding the Radon Signal in Volcanic Areas: A Laboratory Approach Based on Rock Physicochemical Changes (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-22
    Description: Radon monitoring represents an important investigation tool for environmental changes assessment and geochemical hazard surveillance. Despite anomalous radon emissions are commonly observed prior to earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, radon monitoring alone is not yet successful in correctly predicting these catastrophic events because contrasting radon signals are unexpectedly measured by lithologically distinct areas. This contribution aims to summarize and integrate natural and laboratory studies pertaining to the transport behavior of radon in different rock types experiencing variable stress and thermal regimes at subvolcanic conditions. The final purpose is to ignite novel and pioneer experimental researches exploring the causes and consequences of radon anomalous emissions, in order to elucidate in full the relationship between the physicochemical changes in substrate rocks and the radon signal.
    Description: Published
    Description: 309-328
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Keywords: deformation experiments ; radon monitoring ; radon signal and rock physicochemical changes ; radon transport and geochemical anomalies ; thermal experiments ; volcanic surveillance ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
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    Late Quaternary coastal uplift of southwestern Sicily, central Mediterranean sea (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Mapping and luminescence aging of raised marine terraces and aeolian ridges along an ∼90 km coastal stretch in southwestern Sicily provide the first quantitative assessment of vertical tectonic deformation in this region, which spans the frontal part of an active thrust belt. We recognized a staircase of eleven terraces and nine related aeolian ridges. The elevation profile of terraces parallel to the coast shows a 〉90 km long bell-shaped pattern, onto which shorter-wavelength (∼10 km long) undulations are superimposed. Luminescence ages from terraced beach deposits and aeolian sediments constrain the position of paleoshorelines formed during MIS 5e, 7a and 7c, with a maximum uplift rate of ∼0.75 mm/a, and indicate a late Middle-Late Pleistocene (80–400 ka) age for the sequence of terraces. The elevation of Lower Pleistocene morpho-depositional markers points that uplift may have occurred at similar rates at the beginning of the Early Pleistocene, but almost zeroed between ∼1.5 and 0.4 Ma before the recent renewal. The uneven elevation of Middle-Upper Pleistocene paleoshorelines observed moving along the coast documents that uplift embeds both a regional and a local component. The regional, symmetric bell-shaped uplift is related to involvement in the thrust belt of thicker crustal portions of the northern African continental margin. The short-wavelength undulations represent the local component and correspond to actively growing bedrock folds. The present study contributes to unravel the different spatial and temporal scales of deformation processes at a collisional margin.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106812
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Marine terraces ; Aeolian ridges ; Luminescence dating ; Pleistocene ; Frontal thrust belt ; Fold growth ; Southwestern Sicily ; Mediterranean sea ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Spatial-temporal water column monitoring using multiple, low-cost GasPro-pCO2 sensors: implications for monitoring, modelling, and potential impact (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Monitoring of the water column in the vicinity of offshore Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) sites is needed to ensure site integrity and to protect the surrounding marine ecosystem. In this regard, the use of continuous, autonomous systems is considered greatly advantageous due to the costs and limitations of periodic, ship-based sampling campaigns. While various geochemical monitoring tools have been developed their elevated costs and complexities mean that typically only one unit can be deployed at a time, yielding single point temporal data but no spatial data. To address this the authors have developed low-cost pCO2 sensors (GasPro-pCO2) that are small, robust, stable, and which have a low power consumption, characteristics which allow for the deployment of numerous units to monitor the spatial-temporal distribution of pCO2, temperature, and water pressure in surface water environments. The present article details the results of three field deployments at the natural, CO2-leaking site near Panarea, Island. While the first consisted of 6 probes placed on the sea floor for a 2.5 month period, the other two involved the deployment of 20 GasPro units along a transect through the water column in the vicinity of active CO2 seeps over 2 – 4 days. Results show both transport and mixing processes and highlight the dynamic nature of the leakage-induced marine geochemical anomalies. Implications for monitoring programs as well as potential impacts are discussed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3840 – 3847
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: spatial-temporal monitoring ; pCO2 ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    On-going and Future Research at the Sulcis Site in Sardinia, Italy – Characterization and Experimentation at a Possible Future CCS Pilot (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: National Italian funding has recently been allocated for the construction of a 350 MWe coal-fired power plant / CCS demonstration plant in the Sulcis area of SW Sardinia, Italy. In addition, the recently approved EC-funded ENOS project (ENabling Onshore CO2 Storage in Europe) will use the Sulcis site as one of its main field research laboratories. Site characterization is already ongoing, and work has begun to design gas injection experiments at 100-200 m depth in a fault. This article gives an overview of results to date and plans for the future from the Sapienza University of Rome research group.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2742 – 2747
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: gas injection experiment ; monitoring baseline ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Continuous Monitoring of Natural CO2 Emissions Near Rome – Lessons for Low-level CO2 Leakage Detection (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Continuous monitoring has been carried out at a fluvial flood-plain site near Rome for over a year. There is a mix of biogenic CO2 and deep geogenic CO2 at the site at relatively low concentrations and fluxes compared with other natural CO2 seepage sites studied previously. Factors such as temperature and soil moisture clearly affect the CO2 concentration and flux and seasonal and diurnal influences are apparent. Statistical approaches are being used to try to define these relationships and separate out the two gas components, which would be necessary in any quantification of leakage from CO2 storage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3824 – 3831
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Continuous monitoring ; natural co2 release ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Preliminary results of geological characterization and geochemical monitoring of Sulcis Basin (Sardinia), as a potential CCS site (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: The Sulcis Basin is an area situated in SW Sardinia (Italy) and is a potential site for the development of CCS in Italy. This paper illustrates the preliminary results of geological characterization of fractured carbonate reservoir (Miliolitico Fm.) and the sealing sequence, composed by clay, marl, and volcanic rocks, with a total thickness of more than 900 m. To characterize the reservoir-caprock system an extensive structural-geological survey at the outcrop was conducted. It was also performed a study of the geochemical monitoring, to define the baseline conditions, measuring CO2 concentrations and flux in the study site.
    Description: Published
    Description: 549–555
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CCS ; geochemical monitoring ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Geological model of the central Periadriatic basin (Apennines, Italy) (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: 3D geological models from multi-source data (cross-sections, geological maps, borehole logs and outcrops) are a critical tool to improve the interpretation of the spatial organization of subsurface structures that are not directly accessible. In this paper, we reconstruct the main geological structures and surfaces in three dimensions through the interpolation of closely and regularly spaced 2D seismic sections, constrained by wells data and surface geology. The methodology was applied in the Marche–Abruzzi sector of the Periadriatic basin, where the more external part of the Apennines fold-and-thrust belt is mostly buried under a syn- and post-orogenic, Plio–Pleistocene, siliciclastic sequence. The 3D model allowed us to correlate the main thrust fronts and related anticlines along strike, revealing a general ramp – flat – ramp trajectory characterizing the main structural trends. This geometric organization influences the sequence of thrust-system propagation and characterizes the evolution of syntectonic basins. The obtained 3D model points out several variation occurring along strike: i) main trends geometric relationships; ii) deformation chronology and iii) displacement distribution. In the northern sector, higher displacement and structural elevation are reached out by the Nereto–Bellante structure, whereas in the southern sector the Villadegna–Costiera Structure is the prevalent. All structures show a diachronic thrusts activity along strike, younger toward the north.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107-121
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 3d modeling ; structural geology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Preliminary Experiments and Modelling of the Fate of CO2 Bubbles in the Water Column Near Panarea Island (Italy) (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Although CO2 capture and storage in deep, offshore reservoirs is a proven technology, as illustrated by over 15 years of operation of the Sleipner site in the Norwegian North Sea, potential leakage from such sites into the overlying water column remains a concern for some stakeholders. Therefore, we are obliged to carefully assess our ability to predict and monitor the migration, fate, and potential ecosystem impact of any leaked CO2. The release of bubbles from the sea floor, their upward movement, and their dissolution into the surrounding water controls the initial boundary conditions, and thus an understanding of the behavior of CO2 bubbles is critical to address such issues related to monitoring and risk assessment. The present study describes results from an in situ experiment conducted in 12 m deep marine water near the extinct volcanic island of Panarea (Italy). Bubbles of a controlled size were created using natural CO2 released from the sea floor, and their evolution during ascent in the water column was monitored via both video and chemical measurements. The obtained results were modelled and a good fit was obtained, showing the potential of the model as a predictive tool. These preliminary results and an assessment of the difficulties encountered are examined and will be used to improve experimental design for the subsequent phase of this research.
    Description: Published
    Description: 397–403
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: in situ bubble experiment ; CO2 ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Modeling of earthquake chronology from paleoseismic data: Insights for regional earthquake recurrence and earthquake storms in the Central Apennines (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-13
    Description: Among the geologic data, trenching records of paleoearthquakes represent an important input for the development of seismic hazard evaluations and, specifically, for the characterization of fault rupture behavior in time. Based on the available paleoseismological trenching data in the Central Apennines we have compiled a new database of surface faulting earthquakes for 10 faults. The compilation contains 109 surface faulting events, occurred in the past ~28 kyr. Events younger than 7 kyr (59 dated events) are much better constrained and, therefore, are the basis for most of the analyses. Through a quantitative multistep method, we integrate paleoseismic trench data and treat them statistically, providing relevant improvement needed for trenching-based seismic hazard evaluation. Indeed, the combined analysis of trenching data from multiple sites on the same fault led to a reduction of the approximations and uncertainties in the rupture history of individual faults. The procedure was also applied on specific fault systems and indicated that the single faults may have occasionally ruptured simultaneously, or close in time, in the past. The whole set of age ranges was also statistically analyzed to produce regional earthquake scenarios for a period much longer than the millennial historical record. The built scenarios for the last 7 kyr define a regional mean inter event time (IET) of 230-240 yr, comparable with the average recurrence time of about 200 yr, considering the number of events in time. We also identify the possible occurrence of earthquake storms, i.e., concentration of surface faulting earthquakes in the region within time periods of 200 yr, suggesting a variability in time of the seismic behavior of the faults, with alternation of peaks of activity with more “quiet” periods. Even though the paleoseismic data from the Apennines contains uncertainties, the results appear quite stable and promising for future applications in earthquake-hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 229016
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Paleoseismology ; Statistical modeling ; Surface rupture scenarios ; Regional earthquake recurrence ; Earthquake storms ; Central Apennines ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Deep CO2 release revealed by stable isotope and diffuse degassing surveys at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands) in 2015–2018 (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-06
    Description: The partitioning of carbon dioxide (CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) released by soils at Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy) was performed by combining the CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 flux and the carbon isotope measurements. Based on this method, the amount of CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 of volcanic origin was quantified six times during the period 2015–2018. The data analysis allowed us to establish the correlation between CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 soil degassing and changes in the contribution of volcanic fluids. Carbon isotope determinations were performed in situ to enhance the coverage of data collection in space and time. These data were combined with both the CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 contents in the ground gases and the soil CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 flux. The amount of volcanic CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 was distinguished from that of biogenic origin by implementing a three-component mixing model. The results of this study indicate that the increase in CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 output in September 2018 reflects the increase in volcanic gas emissions. The measurement method and analysis presented in this work are sufficiently general to be applicable to the monitoring programs of active volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106972
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide ; CO2 flux ; CO2 isotope composition ; Volcano monitoring ; Volcanic unrest ; Volcanic degassing ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Dangerous emissions of endogenous CO2 and H2S from gas blowouts of shallow wells in the Rome Municipality (Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-18
    Description: Highlights -Gas blowouts from water wells are frequent in the southeastern zone of Rome -Emitted gas killed some pets and families had to be evacuated for security reasons -Gas has a magmatic origin with the highest helium R/Ra of Colli Albani gas discharges -Monitoring of soil CO2 flux and air gas concentration allowed to assess gas hazard -Gas diffusing in soil reached nearby houses creating dangerous indoor conditions
    Description: The southeastern zone of Rome city is located at the northwest periphery of the quiescent Colli Albano volcano. This zone is characterized by the presence of a shallow (depth ~ 45–50 m) gas pressurized aquifer that produces gas blowouts when it is reached by wells. Three gas blowouts occurred in this zone in 2003, 2008 (another one was discovered during the present study) and 2016 and in this paper we describe in detail the latter two. The emitted gas consists mostly of CO2 (〉90 vol%) and contains a low but significant quantity of H2S (0.3–0.5 vol%) and it has the highest helium isotopic R/Ra value (1.90) of all Colli Albani natural gas discharges, suggesting its likely magmatic origin. In both the described gas blowouts, dozens of families had to be prudentially evacuated from their houses and the emitted gas killed some animals. We monitored, continuously or by discrete surveys, the soil CO2 flux, the indoor and outdoor air concentration of CO2 and H2S, the environmental parameters and we checked whether the cementation of the gas releasing wells had been effective. In both cases, the upper part of the wells had been partly closed with an inflating packer to avoid free gas dispersion in atmosphere; as a consequence gas diffused laterally from the wells into the permeable surficial soil up to reach the nearest houses creating hazardous indoor conditions, particularly for CO2 in some basements. During the well cementation operations, and in one case because of the packer rupture, gas and nebulized water were freely discharged from the wells into the atmosphere, and high air CO2 and H2S concentrations were found. Fortunately gas was quickly dispersed by strong winds. The positive results obtained in all the studied gas blowouts demonstrate that our applied geochemistry approach represents a model of intervention useful for the assessment of the hazard associated to accidental endogenous gas release. This model is of fundamental importance also to overcome the risk problems created by accidental gas blowout from wells in an urbanized environment, up to the safe return of the people in their evacuated houses.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104769
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Rome gas blowouts zone ; Hazard assessment of endogenous gas blowouts from wells ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Present-day uplift of the European Alps: Evaluating mechanisms and models of their relative contributions (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Recent measurements of surface vertical displacements of the European Alps show a correlation between vertical velocities and topographic features, with widespread uplift at rates of up to ~2–2.5 mm/a in the North-Western and Central Alps, and ~1 mm/a across a continuous region from the Eastern to the South-Western Alps. Such a rock uplift rate pattern is at odds with the horizontal velocity eld, characterized by shortening and crustal thickening in the Eastern Alps and very limited deformation in the Central and Western Alps. Proposed me- chanisms of rock uplift rate include isostatic response to the last deglaciation, long-term erosion, detachment of the Western Alpine slab, as well as lithospheric and surface de ection due to mantle convection. Here, we assess previous work and present new estimates of the contributions from these mechanisms. Given the large range of model estimates, the isostatic adjustment to deglaciation and erosion are su cient to explain the full observed rate of uplift in the Eastern Alps, which, if correct, would preclude a contribution from horizontal shortening and crustal thickening. Alternatively, uplift is a partitioned response to a range of mechanisms. In the Central and Western Alps, the lithospheric adjustment to deglaciation and erosion likely accounts for roughly half of the rock uplift rate, which points to a noticeable contribution by mantle-related processes such as detachment of the European slab and/or asthenospheric upwelling. While it is di cult to independently constrain the patterns and magnitude of mantle contributions to ongoing Alpine vertical displacements at present, future data should provide additional insights. Regardless, interacting tectonic and surface mass redistribution processes, rather than an individual forcing, best explain ongoing Alpine elevation changes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 589-604
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04. Solid Earth ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Fluid geochemistry in a low-enthalpy geothermal field along a sector of southern Apennines chain (Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-19
    Description: The chemical and isotopic features of the fluids (water and gases) in the Lucane thermal area (southern Italy) have been investigated in order to verify their origin, water temperature in the geothermal reservoir, and to recognize the main natural processes concerning the water composition during ascent towards the surface. The Lucane geothermal system is placed in the southern sector of the Apennines chains, a seismically active area, close to the southern base of the Mt. Alpi carbonate massif. Along the study area, two main sets of high-angle faults form an almost orthogonal fault system that, as suggested by local structural geology, acts as a preferential pathway for uprising deep fluids. Here, we recognized two different types of waters: (i) cold shallow waters having a meteoritic origin and interacting with carbonate rocks (dolomite and calcite), whose dissolved gases show a dominant atmospheric contribution and (ii) hypothermal waters (average temperature of 21 °C), having a meteoritic origin and interacting with both carbonate rocks and inter-bedded evaporitic deposit. Geochemical data allow estimating a geothermal reservoir temperature between 30 °C and 60 °C, according to silica and Ca/ Mg geothermometers, respectively. A heat discharge related to hypothermal groundwater flow between 7.75E +06 and 2.00E+07 J/s was computed. δ18O and δ2Η data allowed recognizing a meteoric origin for hypothermal (hereafter TL) waters, with mean recharge (infiltration) elevations between 1300 and 1700 m a.s.l. These waters are gas-rich (e.g., CO2 and He), which amounts are higher than those in air-saturated water (ASW). Carbon and helium isotope signature in the TL waters indicate their mainly crustal origin and involve a tectonic control on fluid migration through the crust. Furthermore, we observe that the He isotopic signature in gases dissolved in TL waters is stable over time and its monitoring could be a powerful tool to assess the seismogenetic processes since their preparatory phases.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106618
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geochemistry ; tectonics ; geothermy ; earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    A Mediterranean perspective on 10Be, sedimentation and climate around the Matuyama/Brunhes boundary: les liaisons dangereuses? (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-25
    Description: The 10Be/9Be ratio is commonly employed as a tool for establishing the stratigraphic position of paleomagnetic excursions and reversals whenever the traditional paleomagnetic approach fails to provide conclusive results. In particular, it is held that 10Be production rates in the atmosphere depend on the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field, and the fallout and deposition of cosmogenic beryllium at the surface happen on a very short time scale. However, investigations performed on terrestrial and marine successions demonstrate that the 10Be record and the paleomagnetic signal are often asynchronous. Mechanisms that control the conveyance and deposition of cosmogenic 10Be to the seafloor are still ambiguous and poorly documented. Here, we discuss the dynamics of 10Be in a central Mediterranean marginal marine depositional scenario characterized by a pervasive terrigenous influx. Our data show that a very close correlation exists between 10Be concentrations and the local proxy of rainfall rates and regimes (pollen), indicating that a considerable 10Be transport from the mainland may occur in response to the remobilization of terrestrial reservoirs during periods of increased runoff. Superimposed is a dynamic oceanographic setting that further controls the preservation potential of 10Be at the bottom, in terms of changing water chemistry and/or composition of the sedimentary flux to the seafloor. Results of our investigation suggest that, in particular environmental and depositional settings, the interplay between climate, terrigenous yield and oceanography may jeopardize the sedimentary depiction of the meteoric 10Be contribution, thus challenging the use of 10Be for tracking the stratigraphic position of geomagnetic reversals.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106039
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 10Be record, Matuyama-Brunhes, MIS 19, paleoclimatic proxies ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Isostasy, dynamic topography, and the elevation of the Apennines of Italy (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-03
    Description: The elevation of an orogenic belt is commonly related to crustal/lithosphere thickening. Here, we discuss the Apennines as an example to show that topography at a plate margin may be controlled not only by isostatic adjustment but also by dynamic, mantle-driven processes. Using recent structural constraints for the crust and mantle we find that the expected crustal isostatic component explains only a fraction of the topography of the belt, indicating positive residual topography in the central Apennines and negative residual topography in the northern Apennines and Calabria. The trend of the residual topography matches the mantle flow induced dynamic topography estimated from regional tomography models. We infer that a large fraction of the Apennines topography is related to mantle dynamics, producing relative upwellings in the central Apennines and downwellings in the northern Apennines and Calabria where subduction is still ongoing. Comparison between geodetic and geological data on vertical motions indicates that this dynamic process started in the early Pleistocene and the resulting uplift appears related to the formation and enlargement of a slab window below the central Apennines. The case of the Apennines shows that at convergent margins the elevation of a mountain belt may be significantly different from that predicted solely by crustal isostasy and that a large fraction of the elevation and its rate of change are dynamically controlled by mantle convection.
    Description: Published
    Description: 163-174
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04. Solid Earth ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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