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  • Articles  (8)
  • Stable isotopes
  • 2020-2022  (5)
  • 1985-1989  (3)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: Sicily hosts many natural manifestations that include thermal waters, gas discharges and mud volcanoes. Due to the significant geodynamic and geological differences, the fluid discharges along a NE-WS–oriented transect that run from the Peloritani Mts. to the Sciacca Plain shows a large variability in water and gas chemical and isotopic compositions. The studied waters are characterized by Ca-HCO3, Ca(Mg)-SO4, Ca-Cl and Na-Cl compositions produced by distinct geochemical processes such as water-rock-gas interactions, mixing between deep and shallow aquifers and seawater and direct and reverse ion exchanges. The gas chemistry is dominated by CO2 to the east and CO2-N2 to the west of the study area, whereas the central part shows mud volcanoes discharging CH4-rich gases. Water isotopes suggest that the thermal waters are fed by a meteoric recharge, although isotopic exchange processes between thermal fluids and host rocks at temperature 〉150°C are recognized. Accordingly, liquid geothermometry suggests equilibrium temperatures up to 220°C. The carbon in CO2 and helium isotopes of the emissions from the westernmost sector of Sicily indicate that these two gases consists of up to 40 % of a mantle component, the latter decreasing to the east down to 10% where CO2 of thermometamorphic origin dominates. Accordingly, conceptual models of the fluid circulation for the western, central and eastern sectors are proposed. The regional geothermal reservoir, hosted in carbonates in the western sector and locally outcropping, is of low to medium temperature. Higher temperature conditions (up to 200-220°C) are suggested by geothermometry and probably related to deeper levels of the system. Sicily can be regarded as a potentially suitable area for future investigations to evaluate specific activities aimed at exploiting the geothermal resource.
    Description: Published
    Description: 102120
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fluid geochemistry ; Stable isotopes ; Geothermal exploration ; Dissolved gases ; Tectonics ; 03. Hydrosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) co-occur with emissions of these gases from volcanic and urban environments. Therefore, it remains a challenge for the scientific community to identify the contamination sources and quantify the specific contributions. Stable isotopes have many applications in different fields under geosciences, including volcanology, environmental surveying, and climatology. Isotopic surveys allow identification of photosynthetic fractionation in tree forests and gas sources in urban zones, and tracking of volcanic degassing. Thus, the stable isotopic composition of the local GHGs allows the evaluation of the environmental impacts and assists in mitigating the emissions. The present study aimed to distinguish the tropospheric sources of CO2 in the different ecosystems based on the stable isotopic composition of CO2. The study relies on field experiments performed in both volcanic and urban zones of the Mediterranean region. Experiments to identify the CO2 origins in the field were designed and conducted in the laboratory. The CO2 in the air in Palermo, the soil CO2 released at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy), and the CO2 emitted at Cava dei Selci (Rome, Italy) were selected for conducting case studies. Isotope surveying of the CO2-containing air in Palermo revealed that the CO2 content was correlated to human activity. Mobile-based measurements of carbon isotope were conducted to distinguish the different sources of CO2 at the district scale. In particular, the isotopic surveying process distinguished landfill-related CO2 emissions from the fossil fuel burning ones. The underlying geological reservoir was identified as the main source of air CO2 at Cava dei Selci. Finally, partitioning of soil CO2 enabled estimation of the geological CO2 estimation in the Vulcano Porto settled zones. The results of the present study revealed that detailed investigations on stable isotopes assist in tracking the CO2 sources and the fate of gas emissions. The fine-tuned experimental solutions assisted in broadening the research perspectives. In addition, deeper insights into the carbon cycle were obtained.
    Description: Published
    Description: 118446
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stable isotopes ; Carbon dioxide ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Volcanic gases ; Mediterranean region ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22815 | 18721 | 2018-05-24 21:44:43 | 22815 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: We examined the diet and trophic level of Sphyrna lewini in the Gulf of California (GC) during 2001 and in the Gulf of Tehuantepec (GT) during 2005 using data from stomach content and stable isotope analysis of δ15N and δ13C. S. lewini diet was represented by pelagic and benthic prey species where the most important in weight was Scomber japonicus (27.70±4.54%) in GC, while in GT it was Auxis spp. (26.19±4.14%). There were differences for δ15N and δ13C between group sizes, showing a difference in the use of area and resources, while the differences for δ15N and δ13C between areas were related to changes in the isotopic signal from the base of the food web in each region. Based on δ13C and δ15N variability, diversity values (GC=3.69; GT=3.17) and diet breadth (GC=0.006; GT=0.002), we propose that S. lewini is an opportunistic predator. The trophic level of S. lewini was above four in all categories, which indicates that S. lewini is a tertiary consumer. We may conclude that S. lewini plays an important functional role as top predator within areas of Mexico.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Shark ; Sphyrna lewini ; Gulf of Tehuantepec ; Mexico ; Stomach content analysis ; Stable isotopes ; Ecology ; Gulf of California
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 767-785
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-02-25
    Description: Chemical and isotopic composition of groundwaters and rain waters in the Sisseb el Alem basin (Tunisia) was monitored to obtain a hydrologic and geochemical characterization of the aquifers. The studied aquifers are the only water resource for domestic and irrigation use in the basin. Two aquifers have been identified by hydrogeologic data, one, shallower, flowing in Plio-Quaternary sediments, the other, deeper, in Miocenic–Oligocenic sediments. Although this area is intensively farmed with widespread fertiliser use and settlements are unsewered, groundwater in the area is relatively uncontaminated by land-use activities. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the sampled waters, which have a meteoric origin, are largely controlled by both the geological signatures of their drainage area and by evaporative processes and water–rock interaction (reverse cationic exchange) phenomena. Geochemical data suggest, on the basis of the Na/Cl, Cl/SO4 ratios and concentrations of Li, Sr, and Mn, that a hydraulic connection exists between two distinctive aquifers. One strongly influenced by Lake Saadine water characterised by Na/Cl 〉 1, high Cl/SO4 and Li, Sr, and Mn 〉 0.1 meq/l, the other, deeper, characterised by Na/Cl 〈 1, low and near constant Cl/SO4 and Li, Sr, and Mn 〈 0.1 meq/l. Despite relatively high salinity and SAR values, all sampled waters are suitable for irrigation in well-draining soils. The isotopic composition of the rain waters highlights the importance of evaporation in controlling the composition of the groundwater.
    Description: Published
    Description: id 346
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Hydrogeochemistry ; Stable isotopes ; Sisseb el Alem Basin (Tunisia) ; Water budget ; Groundwater ; Rain water ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The analysis of isotopes of the main biogenic elements is carried out in determining the geographical origin of the sources of raw materials used for the manufacture of food products, as well as the authenticity of its origin (natural or obtained as a result of biotechnological synthesis). The experimental studies of the 13C isotope fractionation in the "soil – pasture vegetation – cattle meat" chain have been carried out using available data on pasture vegetation of Mukhorshibir, Ivolginsky, Eravninsky districts and soils of Mukhorshibir and Eravninsky districts of Transbaikalia. Also, the objects of research were samples of raw meat (taken in the trading network) from eight different regions of Transbaikalia: Kabansky, Bichursky, Dzhidinsky, Zakamensky, Kizhinginsky, Khorinsky, Zaigraevsky, Aginsky. The content of stable isotopes in samples has been determined in Joint Usage Center "Instrumental methods in ecology", A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IEE RAS) (Moscow) using the Finnigan Delta V Plus mass spectrometer. The results of the studies have shown the relationship of the isotopic composition of carbon in the muscle tissue of meat from different regions of Transbaikalia with that in plants growing in the region and serving as fodder for cattle, which indicates the presence of an "isotopic signature" on the trophic chain: plants – soil – herbivorous animals. The isotopic composition of meat raw materials in Transbaikalia has been studied for the first time. The data obtained indicate that the samples of meat from the region's trading network are products of local origin and can be classified as natural raw materials. The isotopic composition of raw meat, soil and pasture vegetation from the Transbaikalia region can be used as data that will identify the geographical origin and help in assessing the recognition of a counterfeit product issued for raw materials of local origin.
    Description: Анализ изотопов основных биогенных элементов проводится при определении географического происхождения источников сырья, используемого для изготовления пищевой продукции, а также подлинности его происхождения (натуральное или полученное в результате биотехнологического синтеза). Экспериментальное исследование фракционирования изотопа 13С в цепи "почва – пастбищная растительность – мясо крупного рогатого скота" (КРС) проведено с использованием имеющихся данных по пастбищной растительности Мухоршибирского, Иволгинского, Еравнинского районов и почвам Мухоршибирского, Еравнинского районов Забайкалья. Объектами исследований послужили образцы мясного сырья из торговой сети Кабанского, Бичурского, Джидинского, Закаменского, Кижингинского, Хоринского, Заиграевского, Агинского районов. Содержание стабильных изотопов в образцах определялось в Центре коллективного пользования изотопной масс-спектрометрии на базе Института проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН (Москва) с применением масс-спектрометра Finnigan Delta V Plus. Результаты проведенных исследований показали связь изотопного состава углерода мышечной ткани мяса из разных районов Забайкалья с таковым в растениях, произрастающих в регионе и служащих кормом крупному рогатому скоту, что указывает на присутствие "изотопной подписи" по трофической цепи "растения – почва – травоядные животные". Изотопный состав мясного сырья из Забайкалья изучен впервые. Полученные данные указывают на то, что исследованные образцы мяса из торговой сети региона являются продуктами местного происхождения и могут быть отнесены к натуральному сырью. Изотопный состав мясного сырья, почв и пастбищной растительности Забайкалья может быть использован в процессе определения географического происхождения продукта, а также распознавания фальсификата, выдаваемого за сырье местного происхождения.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Стабильные изотопы ; Углерод ; Масс-спектрометрия ; Идентификация ; Почва ; Растения ; Мясное сырье ; Stable isotopes ; Carbon ; Mass spectrometry ; Identification ; Soil ; Plants ; Meat raw materials ; Biogenic matter ; Biotechnology ; Food processing ; Animal tissues
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.441-448
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 76 (1988), S. 562-566 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Photosynthesis ; Transpiration ; Stable isotopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Water is usually considered to be the key limiting factor for growth of desert plants, yet there is little information available of the water-use efficiency of species within a desert community. Leaf carbon isotope ratios, an indicator of long-term intercellular carbon dioxide concentrations and thus of water-use efficiency in C3 plants, were measured on species occurring within a Sonoran Desert community, consisting of wash, transition and slope microhabitats. Along a soil moisture gradient from the relatively wetter wash to the relatively drier slope, leaf carbon isotope ratios increased in all species, indicating that water-use efficiency increased as soil water availability decreased. Leaf carbon isotope ratios of long-lived perennials were substantially more positive than in short-lived perennials, even though plants were growing adjacent to each other. Leaf carbon isotope ratio and leaf duration (evergreen versus deciduous) were not correlated with each other. The results are discussed in terms of how the efficiency of water use may affect community structure and composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 318-320 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Stable isotopes ; Intercellular carbon dioxide ; Water-use efficiency ; Desert shrubs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Carbon isotope ratios were determined for bulk tissues of both leaves and current season twigs of 29 species of Mohave Desert shrubs. Leaf and twig tissues were found to differ in their carbon isotope ratios, only in those species which had photosynthetic twigs. These data suggest that the twigs of these species operate at lower intercellular CO2 values than leaves, an interpretation which is consistent with available gas-exchange data. An effect of microhabitat was also evident between the mean isotope ratios of leaves from wash versus slope habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1985), S. 1-5 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanogenic bacteria ; Methanopterin ; Biosynthesis ; Stable isotopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The biosynthesis of the 5-(p-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxypentane moiety of methanopterin was studied in methanogenic bacteria. By comparing the extent of deuteration of the benzyl group of 5-(p-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxypentane with the benzyl group of phenylalanine isolated from cells grown with [2,2,2-2H3]acetate, it was shown that the aromatic portion of the 5-(p-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxypentane was derived from an intermediate in the shikimic acid pathway which is produced prior to the formation of prephenic acid. The ready incorporation of p-aminobenzoic acid into 5-(p-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxypentane indicates that this intermediate is chorismic acid and that p-aminobenzoic acid, a component of folic acid, is an intermediate in the formation of methanopterin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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