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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy  (15)
  • American Geophysical Union  (10)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (5)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014  (15)
  • 1945-1949
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Keywords
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    Deep structure and tectonics of the northern-central Apennines as seen by regional-scale tomography and 3-D located earthquakes (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this study we present new high-resolution, regional-scale, Vp and Vp/Vs models of the northern-central Apennines along with accurate 3-D locations of a large set of local earthquakes. The main velocity anomalies are consistent with the surface geology in the shallow layers and present evidence for fluids stored within the basement at greater depths beneath the extensional belt. The Adria and Tyrrhenian mantle are defined by positive velocity anomalies below 30 km depth, while a low-Vp, high-Vp/Vs region in between indicates the existence of a hydrated wedge. The results yield new constraints on active processes in the Apennines and more generally envisage the evolution of a postcollisional belt. Velocity anomalies and earthquakes are consistent with a complex system of delamination and sinking of the Adria continental lithosphere, with the peeling of the crust identified by intermediate-depth seismicity. Change of seismicity and structural patterns along the belt indicates that this tectonic process is diachronous and that fluids, released by sunken lithosphere, are stored within the crust, conditioning the occurrence of seismicity and the onset of extension.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5391-5403
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Local earthquake tomography ; tectonic of Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Spatial distribution of intrinsic and scattering seismic attenuation in active volcanic islands – II: Deception Island images (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this work, we present regional maps of the inverse intrinsic quality factor (Qi −1), the inverse scattering quality factor (Qs −1) and total inverse quality factor (Qt −1) for the volcanic environment of Deception Island (Antarctica). Our attenuation study is based on diffusion approximation, which permits us to obtain the attenuation coefficients for every single couple source-receiver separately. The data set used in this research is derived from an active seismic experiment using more than 5200 offshore shots (air guns) recorded at 32 onshore seismic stations and four ocean bottom seismometers. To arrive at a regional distribution of these values, we used a new mapping technique based on a Gaussian space probability function. This approach led us to create ‘2-D probabilistic maps’ of values of intrinsic and scattering seismic attenuation. The 2-D tomographic images confirm the existence of a high attenuation body below an inner bay of Deception Island. This structure, previously observed in 2-D and 3-D velocity tomography of the region, is associated with a massive magma reservoir. Magnetotelluric studies reach a similar interpretation of this strong anomaly. Additionally, we observed areas with lower attenuation effects that bear correlation with consolidated structures described in other studies and associated with the crystalline basement of the area. Our calculations of the transport mean-free path and absorption length for intrinsic attenuation gave respective values of ≈950 m and 5 km, which are lower than the values obtained in tectonic regions or volcanic areas such as Tenerife Island. However, as observed in other volcanic regions, our results indicate that scattering effects dominate strongly over the intrinsic attenuation.
    Description: This work has been partially supported by the Spanish project Ephestos, CGL2011–29499-C02–01, by the EU project EC-FP7 MEDiterranean SUpersite Volcanoes (MED-SUV), by the Basque Government researcher training program BFI09.277 and by the Regional project ‘Grupo de Investigaci´on en Geof´ısica y Sismolog´ıa de la Junta de Andaluc´ıa, RNM104.’ Edoardo del Pezzo was partly supported by DPC-INGV projects UNREST SPEED and V2 (Precursori).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1957-1969
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismic attenuation; ; Seismic tomography ; Volcano seismology ; Wave scattering and diffraction ; Wave propagation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    New insights on volcanic and tectonic structures of the southern Tyrrhenian (Italy) from marine and land seismic data (2013)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present results from the first crustal seismic tomography for the southern Tyrrhenian area, which includes ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data and a bathymetry correction. This area comprises Mt. Etna, the Aeolian Islands, and many volcanic seamounts, including the Marsili Seamount. The seismicity distribution in the area depends on the complex interaction between tectonics and volcanism. The 3-D velocity model presented in this study is obtained by the inversion of P wave arrival times from crustal earthquakes. We integrate travel time data recorded by an OBS network (Tyrrhenian Deep Sea Experiment), the SN-1 seafloor observatory, and the land network. Our model shows a high correlation between the P wave anomaly distribution and seismic and volcanic structures. Two main low-velocity anomalies underlie the central Aeolian Islands and Mt. Etna. The two volumes, which are related to the well-known active volcanism, are separated and located at different depths. This finding, in agreement with structural, petrography, and GPS data from literature, confirms the independence of the two systems. The strongest negative anomaly is found below Mt. Etna at the base of the crust, and we associate it with the deep feeding system of the volcano. We infer that most of the seismicity is generated in brittle rock volumes that are affected by the action of hot fluids under high pressure due to the active volcanism in the area. Lateral changes of velocity are related to a transition from the western to the central Aeolian Islands and to the passage from continental crust to the Tyrrhenian oceanic uppermost mantle.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3703–3719
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ocean bottom seismometers ; southern Tyrrhenian Sea ; seismic tomography ; Aeolian Islands ; Etna ; oceanic continental crust ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Spatial distribution of intrinsic and scattering seismic attenuation in active volcanic islands – I: model and the case of Tenerife Island (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The complex volcanic system of Tenerife Island is known to have a highly heterogeneous character, as recently confirmed by velocity tomography.We present new information derived from intrinsic quality factor inverse maps (Qi −1), scattering quality factor inverse maps (Qs −1) and total quality factor inverse maps (Qt −1) obtained for the same region. The data set used in this work is the result of the analysis of an active seismic experiment carried out, using offshore shots (air guns) recorded at over 85 onshore seismic stations. The estimates of the attenuation parameters are based on the assumption that the seismogram energy envelopes are determined by seismic energy diffusion processes occurring inside the island. Diffusion model parameters, proportional to Qi −1 and to Qs −1, are estimated from the inversion of the energy envelopes for any source–receiver couple. They are then weighted with a new graphical approach based on a Gaussian space probability function, which allowed us to create ‘2-D probabilistic maps’ representing the space distribution of the attenuation parameters. The 2-D images obtained reveal the existence of a zone in the centre of the island characterized by the lowest attenuation effects. This effect is interpreted as highly rigid and cooled rocks. This low-attenuation region is bordered by zones of high attenuation, associated with the recent historical volcanic activity. We calculate the transport mean free path obtaining a value of around 4 km for the frequency range 6–12 Hz. This result is two orders of magnitude smaller than values calculated for the crust of the Earth. An absorption length between 10 and 14 km is associated with the average intrinsic attenuation parameter. These values, while small in the context of tectonic regions, are greater than those obtained in volcanic regions such as Vesuvius or Merapi. Such differences may be explained by the magnitude of the region of study, over three times larger than the aforementioned study areas. This also implies deeper sampling of the crust, which is evidenced by a change in the values of seismic attenuation. One important observation is that scattering attenuation dominates over the intrinsic effects, Qi being at least twice the value of Qs.
    Description: This work has been partially supported by the Spanish project Ephestos, CGL2011-29499-C02-01, by the EU project EC-FP7 MEDiterranean SUpersite Volcanoes (MED-SUV), by the Basque Government researcher training program BFI09.277 and by the Regional project ‘Grupo de Investigaci´on en Geof´ısica y Sismolog´ıa de la Junta de Andaluc´ıa, RNM104’. EdP has been partly supported by DPC-INGV projects UNREST SPEED and V2 (Precursori).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1942-1956
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismic attenuation ; ; Seismic tomography; ; Volcano seismology ; Wave propagation. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Hints on the deformation penetration induced by subductions and collision processes: Seismic anisotropy beneath the Adria region (Central Mediterranean) (2013)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Adria is a small region surrounded by three mountain belts: the Alps, the Apennines, and the Dinarides, built up by long evolution of subduction and collisional systems. We present 253 shear wave splitting measurements obtained by studying more than 100 teleseismic events for 12 stations. SKS splitting measurements show 3-D complexity and quite strong upper mantle deformation. We carefully analyzed results in terms of back azimuthal coverage and interpret measurements as related to Adria rotation and to subductions evolution. In the northern part of Adria, the anisotropy pattern follows the arcuate shape of the Alps; the same pattern, parallel to the mountains, occurs along the Apennines, but fast directions show a sudden change in the Adria foreland. This lateral variation has been analyzed to isolate a distinct Adria mantle anisotropic pattern, which is identified as NE-SW fast direction along the western microplate boundary and as N-S fast direction at Trieste. This pattern might be induced by drag effect of the counterclockwise rotation of Adria lithosphere that behaves as an independent microplate as identified by GPS data. Our measurements suggest that the geodynamic process that generated the Alps is more efficient deforming a larger volume of mantle than its Apennine counterpart. Moreover, the mantle circulation we hypothesize looking at the regional-scale patterns of anisotropy requires the existence of an escape route beneath the Alps-Apennines transition, through which the mantle flows and feed circulation in the Tyrrhenian mantle system as suggested by previous geodynamic models and as seen by some tomographic studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5814–5826
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismic Anisotropy ; Adriatic region ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    New insights from seismic tomography on the complex geodynamic evolution of two adjacent domains: Gulf of Cadiz and Alboran Sea (2013)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-09
    Description: In this study, we present a three-dimensional P wave upper-mantle tomography model of the southwest Iberian margin and Alboran Sea based on teleseismic arrival times recorded by Iberian and Moroccan land stations and by a seafloor network deployed for 1 year in the Gulf of Cadiz area during the European Commission Integrated observations from NEAR shore sourcES of Tsunamis: towards an early warning system (EC NEAREST) project. The three-dimensional model was computed down to 600 kmdepth. The tomographic images exhibit significant velocity contrasts, as large as 3%, confirming the complex evolution of this plate boundary region. Prominent high-velocity anomalies are found beneath Betics-Alboran Sea, off-shore southwest Portugal, and north Portugal, at sublithospheric depths. The transition zones between high- and low-velocity anomalies in southwest and south Iberia are associated to the contact of oceanic and continental lithosphere. The fast structure below the Alboran Sea-Granada area depicts an L-shaped body steeply dipping from the uppermost mantle to the transition zone where it becomes less curved. This anomaly is consistent with the results of previous tomographic investigations and recent geophysical data such as stress distribution, GPS measurements of plate motion, and anisotropy patterns. In the Atlantic domain, under the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain, the main feature is a high-velocity zone found at uppermost mantle depths. This feature appears laterally separated from the positive anomaly recovered in the Alboran domain by the interposition of low-velocity zones which characterize the lithosphere beneath the southwest Iberian peninsula margin, suggesting that there is no continuity between the high-velocity anomalies of the two domains west and east of the Gibraltar Strait.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1587–1601
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Upper-mantle seismic tomography ; land and marine seismic networks ; SW Iberian margin ; Alboran Sea ; Atlantic domain ; Gulf of Cadiz ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Evidence for the contemporary magmatic system beneath Long Valley Caldera from local earthquake tomography and receiver function analysis (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present a new P wave and S wave velocity model for the upper crust beneath Long Valley Caldera obtained using local earthquake tomography and receiver function analysis. We computed the tomographic model using both a graded inversion scheme and a traditional approach. We complement the tomographic Vp model with a teleseismic receiver function model based on data from broadband seismic stations (MLAC and MKV) located on the SE and SW margins of the resurgent dome inside the caldera. The inversions resolve (1) a shallow, high‐velocity P wave anomaly associated with the structural uplift of a resurgent dome; (2) an elongated, WNW striking low‐velocity anomaly (8%–10 % reduction in Vp) at a depth of 6 km (4 km below mean sea level) beneath the southern section of the resurgent dome; and (3) a broad, low‐velocity volume (∼5% reduction in Vp and as much as 40% reduction in Vs) in the depth interval 8–14 km (6–12 km below mean sea level) beneath the central section of the caldera. The two low‐velocity volumes partially overlap the geodetically inferred inflation sources that drove uplift of the resurgent dome associated with caldera unrest between 1980 and 2000, and they likely reflect the ascent path for magma or magmatic fluids into the upper crust beneath the caldera.
    Description: Published
    Description: B12314
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismic Tomography ; Long Valley Caldera ; Receiver Function ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Upper mantle structure below the European continent: Constraints from surface-wave tomography and GRACE satellite gravity data (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We here exploit fundamental mode Rayleigh and Love seismic wave information and the high resolution satellite global gravity model GGM02C to obtain a 1° × 1° 3-D image of: (a) upper-mantle isotropic shear-wave speeds; (b) densities; and (c) density-vS coupling below the European plate (20°N–90°N) (40°W–70°E). The 3-D image of the density-vS coupling provides unprecedented detail of information on the compositional and thermal contributions to density structures. The accurate and high-resolution crustal model allows us to compute a reliable residual topography to understand the dynamic implications of our models. The correlation between residual topography and mantle residual gravity anomalies defines three large-scale regions where upper mantle dynamics produce surface expression: the East European Craton; the eastern side of the Arabian Plate; and the Mediterranean Basin. The effects of mantle convection are also clearly visible at: (1) the Eastern Sirt Embayment; (2) the West African Craton northern margins; (3) the volcanically active region of the Canarian Archipelago; (4) the northern edge of the Central European Volcanic Province; and (5) the Northeastern part of the Atlantic Ocean, between Greenland and Iceland. Strong connections are observed among areas of weak radial anisotropy and areas where the mantle dynamics show surface expression. Although both thermal and additional dependencies have been incorporated into the density model, convective down-welling in the mantle below the East European Craton is required to explain the strong correlation between the estimated negative mantle residual anomalies and the negative residual topography.
    Description: DATEC MERG-CT-2007-046522 and NERIES INFRAST-2.1-026130
    Description: Published
    Description: B09401
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Europe ; GRACE ; density-velocity scaling relationship ; dynamic topography ; surface waves ; upper mantle density ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.03. Gravity and isostasy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Subsurface structure of the Solfatara volcano (Campi Flegreicaldera, Italy) as deduced from joint seismic-noise array,volcanological and morphostructural analysis (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The joint application of different seismological techniques for seismic noise analysis, and the results of a volcanological and morphostructural survey, have allowed us to obtain a detailed and well constrained image of the shallow crustal structure of the Solfatara volcano (Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy). Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios, inversion of surface wave dispersion curves and polarization analysis provided resonance frequencies and peak amplitudes, shear wave velocity profiles and polarization pattern of coherent ambient noise. These results, combined in a unique framework, indicate that the volcanic edifice is characterized by lateral and vertical discontinuities and heterogeneities in terms of shear wave velocity, lithological contrasts and structural setting. The interpretation of the seismological results, with the volcanological and morphostructural constraints, supports the hypothesis that the volcano has been characterized by a complex and intense activity, with the alternation of constructive and destructive phases, during which magmatic and phreatomagmatic explosions built a complex tuff-cone, later reworked by atmospheric agents and altered by hydrothermal activity. The differences in the velocity structure between the central and eastern parts of the crater have been interpreted as resulting from a possible eastward migration of the eruptive vent along the deformational features affecting the area, and to the presence of viscous lava and lithified tuff bodies within the feeding conduits, which are buried under a covering of reworked materials of variable thickness. The observed fault and fracture systems, partially inherited from regional structural setting and exhumed during volcanism and ground deformation episodes also seems to strongly control wave propagation, affecting the noise polarization properties.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q07006
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Solfatara ; crustal structure ; seismic noise ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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  • 10
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    Seismic velocity structures of southern Italy from tomographic imaging of the Ionian slab and petrological inferences (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-06
    Description: In this study we have determined detailed Vp and Vs seismic velocity models of the Ionian lithosphere subducting beneath the Tyrrhenian basin and of the surrounding mantle, by applying a post-processing technique to a large sample of local earthquake tomography studies. Our seismic velocity models permit us to infer the presence of low velocity anomalies within the slab, which we interpret as regions that are partially hydrated by fluids released during the subduction process. A petrological interpretation of the velocity anomalies gives new details on the magmatism of the volcanic Aeolian arc. Furthermore our velocity models provide a more detailed description of the boundary of the slab and its connection with the large seismically active Tindari-Letojanni strike slip system. Finally these results allow describing in detail some features of the slab as the presence of lateral and vertical tears. In conclusion, the obtained models provide some constraints for inferences on mantle circulation, and on the geodynamical evolution of the central-western Mediterranean.
    Description: Published
    Description: 751-764
    Description: 2.5. Laboratorio per lo sviluppo di sistemi di rilevamento sottomarini
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tomography, petrology, Ionian slab ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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  • 11
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    High resolution velocity structure beneath Mount Vesuvius from seismic array data (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: A high resolution P-wave image of Mt. Vesuvius edifice has been derived from simultaneous inversion of travel times and hypocentral parameters of local earthquakes, land based shots and small aperture array data. The results give detailsdownto300 – 500m.Therelocatedlocalseismicity appears to extend down to 5 km below the central crater, distributed in a major cluster, centered at 3 km below the central crater and in a minor group, with diffuse hypocenters inside the volcanic edifice. The two clusters are separated by an anomalously high Vp region at around 1 km depth. A zone with high Vp/Vs in the upper layers is interpreted as produced by the presence of intense fluid circulation. The highest energy quakes (up to M = 3.6) are located in the deeper cluster, in a high P-wave velocity zone. Our results favor an interpretation in terms of absence of shallow magma reservoirs.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Velocity Tomography ; Mt. Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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  • 12
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    Shallow structure of Mt. Vesuvius volcano, Italy, from seismic array analysis (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-23
    Description: SPAC method applied to data from a small aperture seismic array on Mt. Vesuvius gives the shallow velocity model.
    Description: Published
    Description: 481-484
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Array analysis ; shallow structure ; SPAC method ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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  • 13
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    Shallow subduction beneath Italy: Three-dimensional images of the Adriatic-European-Tyrrhenian lithosphere system based on high-quality P wave arrival times (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: This paper presents a velocity model of the Italian (central Mediterranean) lithosphere in unprecedented detail. The model is derived by inverting a set of 166,000 Pg and Pn seismic wave arrival times, restricted to the highest-quality data available. The tomographic images reveal the geometry of the subduction-collision system between the European, Adriatic, and Tyrrhenian plates, over a larger volume and with finer resolution than previous studies. We find two arcs of low-Vp anomalies running along the Alps and the Apennines, describing the collision zones of underthrusting continental lithospheres. Our results suggest that in the Apennines, a significant portion of the crust has been subducted below the mountain belt. From the velocity model we can also infer thermal softening of the crustal wedge above the subducting Adriatic plate. In the Tyrrhenian back-arc region, strong and extensive low-Vp anomalies depict upwelling asthenospheric material. The tomographic images also allow us to trace the boundary between the Adriatic and the Tyrrhenian plates at Moho depth, revealing some tears in the Adriatic-Ionian subducting lithosphere. The complex lithospheric structure described by this study is the result of a long evolution; the heterogeneities of continental margins, lithospheric underthrusting, and plate indentation have led to subduction variations, slab tears, and asthenospheric upwelling at the present day. The high-resolution model provided here greatly improves our understanding of the central Mediterranean’s structural puzzle. The results of this study can also shed light on the evolution of other regions experiencing both oceanic and continental subduction.
    Description: Published
    Description: B05305
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: lithosphere ; crust ; italy ; plates ; subduction ; europe ; seismicity ; adria ; tyrrhenian ; boundary ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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  • 14
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    Imaging lateral heterogeneity in the northern Apennines from time reversal of reflected surface waves (2010)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Prominent arrivals in the coda of seismograms from the wider Alpine area can be associated with lateral reflections of Love waves at the northern Apennines mountain chain (Italy), where structural heterogeneity causes an abrupt contrast in phase velocity. We discuss an approach to image lateral heterogeneity from reflected surface waves using intermediate-period, three- component coda waveforms as sources for an adjoint wavefield that propagates the reflections backward in time. We numerically compute three-dimensional sensitivity kernels for the dependence of coda waveforms on P velocity, S velocity and density, based upon correlations between the adjoint and the regular forward wavefields. We consider synthetic coda waveforms for a simplified model of the northern Apennines, as well as real coda observations from five moderate magnitude earthquakes (M W 4.6–5.6) in the southern Alps. Wave propagation is simulated using the spectral-element method, for which a 3-D regional earth model is used in the case of real data. Single and combined event sensitivity kernels provide clear images of the reflectivity associated with the northern Apennines in kernels for density and S-wave speed. The kernels show that surface wave reflections occur near the axial zone of the mountain chain. Apart from the Apennines, the approach is able to image other smaller reflectivity patches from the coda waveforms, like the Ivrea zone in the southern Alps. Our coda misfit kernels can be integrated in a gradient-based waveform tomography, where they could enhance the shar pness of the model at lateral discontinuities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 543–554
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tomography; ; Computational seismology ; Wave scattering and diffraction ; Crustal structure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 15
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    Unknown
    Crustal heterogeneity highlighted by spatial b-value map in theWellington region of New Zealand (2010)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We map the b-value in the subduction zone of theWellington region, NewZealand, using a high quality earthquake catalogue relocated with a 3-D seismic velocity model, consisting of 50 314 events that occurred between 1990 and 2005. In order to investigate heterogeneity in the crust of the overlying plate and in the upper plane of the Wadati–Benioff Zone (WBZ), we analyse a series of cross-sections perpendicular to the strike of the subduction zone. We calculate the b-values selecting events with magnitude of completeness ≥2.4 and depth ≤65 km and projecting the seismicity within 20 km on each side of the cross-sectional planes. We observe areas of high b-value (∼1.7) near the plate interface and regions of low b-value anomalies are detected both in the WBZ in the northwest region below 40 km depth and in the overlying plate in the northern South Island at 10 km depth. The anomalies are statistically significant based on Utsu’s p-test and the bootstrap method and are not data processing method or parameter dependent. We compare the b-value distribution with previously determined 3-D distributions of Vp, Vp/Vs andQp from seismic tomography. This comparison suggests that material inhomogeneity, caused by fluid filled cracks resulting from dehydration of the subducted slab and subducted sediments, is the predominant cause of b-value variation in the shallow part of this subduction zone. Our observations are consistent with a previously proposed conceptual model that fluid distribution in the shallow part of this subduction zone is controlled by the permeability of geological terranes in the overlying plate.
    Description: Published
    Description: 451-460
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismic attenuation ; Seismic tomography ; Statistical seismology ; Subduction zone processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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