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  • 1
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    Improving estimation of woody aboveground biomass in drylands by accounting for disturbances and spatial heterogeneity (2020)
    CRC/TRR228 Database (TRR228DB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Existing methodologies for estimating woody aboveground biomass and carbon stored therein have been developed for forests but are not tailored to the vast dryland ecosystems where vegetation is heterogenous and highly disturbed. Still, those methods are widely applied with questionable results and possible problematic implications, not only for biomass quantification but also for disturbance ecology, biodiversity research, and ecosystem service assessments. We hereby propose a new methodology especially designed to encompass small, disturbed, and irregular woody growth while keeping sampling effort within reasonable limits. Meaningful demographic growth classes are deployed which enable a stratified sampling design and structure a practicable workflow for integration of different allometric models. To account for the high natural and anthropogenic disturbance levels typically shaping dryland vegetation, our method incorporates a detailed damage assessment by harnessing the ecological archive contained in trees. This allows for quantification of biomass losses to certain disturbance agents, uncovers interactive effects between disturbance agents, and enables assessing the impact of disturbance regime shifts. Extrapolation of biomass losses to stand or landscape level also greatly improves the usual reference state comparison approach. Here, we review the problems of conventional methodologies being applied to drylands, develop and present the improved method proposed by us, and perform a formal method comparison between the two. Results indicate that the conventional allometric method is systematically underestimating biomass and carbon storage in disturbed dryland ecosystems. The bias is highest where general biomass density is lowest and disturbance impacts are severest. Damage assessment demonstrates a dependency between main disturbance agents (elephants and fire) while generally biomass is decreased by increasing elephant densities. The method proposed by us is more time consuming than a conventional allometric approach, yet it can cover sufficient areas within reasonable timespans. Consequent higher data accuracy with concomitant applicability to a wider range of research questions are worth the effort. The proposed method can easily be attuned to other ecosystems or research questions, and elements of it may be adapted to fit alternative sampling schemes.
    Description: Other
    Description: This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review. The finally published paper can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108466
    Keywords: Ecology ; Biota ; Biomass ; Carbon ; Carbon Storage Dynamics ; Conservation Areas ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; National Park ; Vegetation ; Vegetation Structure ; Wildlife
    Type: Text , Text
    Format: PDF
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  • 2
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    Lithospheric-scale 3D model of the Southern Central Andes (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-05
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Central Andean orogeny is caused by the subduction of the Nazca oceanic plate beneath the South-American continental plate. In Particular, the Southern Central Andes (SCA, 27°-40°S) are characterized by a strong N-S and E-W variation in the crustal deformation style and intensity. Despite being the surface geology relatively well known, the information on the deep structure of the upper plate in terms of its thickness and density configurations is still scarcely constrained. Previous seismic studies have focused on the crustal structure of the northern part of the SCA (~27°-33°S) based upon 2D cross-sections, while 3D crustal models centred on the South-American or the Nazca Plate have been published with lower resolution. To gain insight into the present-day state of the lithosphere in the area, we derived a 3D model that is consistent with both the available geological and seismic data and with the observed gravity field. The model consists on a continental plate with sediments, a two-layer crust and the lithospheric mantle being subducted by an oceanic plate. The model extension covers an area of 700 km x 1100 km, including the orogen, the forearc and the forelands.
    Description: Methods
    Description: Different data sets were integrated to derive the lithospheric features: - We used the global relief model of ETOPO1 (Amante and Eakins 2009) for the topography and bathymetry. - The sub-surface structures were defined by integrating seismically constrained models, including the South-American crustal thickness of Assumpção et al. (2013; model A; 0.5 degree resolution), the sediment thickness of CRUST1 (Laske et al. 2013) and the slab geometry of SLAB2 (Hayes et al. 2018). - Additionally, we included seismic reflection and refraction profiles performed on the Chile margin (Araneda et al. 2003; Contreras-Reyes et al. 2008, 2014, 2015; Flueh et al. 1998; Krawzyk et al. 2006; Moscoso et al. 2011; Sick et al. 2006; Von Huene et al. 1997). - Besides, we used sediment thickness maps from the intracontinental basin database ICONS (6 arc minute resolution, Heine 2007) and two oceanic sediment compilations: one along the southern trench axis (Völker et al. 2013) and another of global-scale (GlobSed; Straume et al. 2019). To build the interfaces between the main lithospheric features, we compiled and interpolated these datasets on a regular grid with a surface resolution of 25 km. For that purpose, the convergent algorithm of the software Petrel was used. We assigned constant densities within each layer, except for the lithospheric mantle. In this case, we implemented a heterogeneous distribution by converting s-wave velocities from the SL2013sv seismic tomography (Schaeffer and Lebedev 2013) to densities. The python tool VelocityConversion was used for the conversion (Meeßen 2017). To further constrain the crustal structure of the upper plate, a gravity forward modelling was carried out using IGMAS+ (Schmidt et al. 2010). The gravity anomaly from the model (calculated gravity) was compared to the free-air anomaly from the global gravity model EIGEN-6C4 (observed gravity; Förste et al 2014; Ince et al. 2019). Subsequently, the crystalline crust of the upper plate was split vertically into two layers of different densities. We inverted the residual between calculated and observed gravity to compute the depth to the interface between the two crustal layers. For the inverse modelling of the gravity residual, the Python package Fatiando a Terra was used (Uieda et al. 2013) For each layer, the depth to the top surface, thickness and density can be found as separate files. All files contain identical columns: - Northing as "X Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; - Easting as "Y Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; - depth to the top surface as "Top (m.a.s.l)" and - thickness of each layer as "Thickness (m)". The header ‘Density’ indicates the bulk density of each unit in kg/m3. For the oceanic and continental mantle units, a separate file is provided with a regular grid of the density distribution with a lateral resolution of 8 km x 9 km and a vertical resolution of 5 km. The containing columns are: Northing as "X Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; Easting as "Y Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; depth as "Depth (m.a.s.l)" and density as "Density (kg/m3)"
    Keywords: Lithosphere ; Gravity Modelling ; Andes ; EARTH SCIENCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 TOPOGRAPHICAL RELIEF ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY 〉 BATHYMETRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC LANDFORMS 〉 MOUNTAINS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC PROCESSES 〉 SUBDUCTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 SEDIMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 GEOLOGIC/TECTONIC/PALEOCLIMATE MODELS
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  • 3
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    Geophysical Borehole logging at Santa Gracia, Chile (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-18
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The DFG funded DeepEarthshape project within the SPP1803 EarthShape (second phase) combines several geoscientific methods and approaches to study the weathering zone in detail in dependence of climate conditions. Projects of the first phase have shown that the weathering zone is much deeper than expected, so that the weathering front was never encountered in the excavated soil pits. At depth of 1 – 2 m appreciable amounts of microbial biomass and DNA counts were encountered. It was further found that bacteria and archaea colonizing rock surfaces are close relatives to those from deeper soil zones. Because we do not know a) the depth of weathering; b) the process advancing it; c) whether this advance is driven by water, gases, and/or biological activity and concentrated along faults; d) whether this zone presents a habitat and interacts with the surface biosphere, we have designed a drilling campaign at all four study sites for joint geochemical, biogeochemical and microbiological exploration and a geophysical campaign for imaging the depth and physical properties of the critical zone. The principle hypotheses of the DeepEarthshape projects are: 1) The advance of the weathering front at depth is a recent process that is linked to climate and coupled with erosion at the surface through a biogeochemical feedback 2) Microbial activity in the deep regolith that advances weathering is fuelled by young organic matter. The four study sites are distributed along the coast of Chile to have a similar geological setting at one hand but different climatic conditions. Here we present the logging data of the first geophysical borehole survey which took place at Santa Gracia, 40 km NE of La Serena (Coquimbo Region, Chile). The data were acquired on the 2nd of April 2019 between . The borehole logging was conducted by COMPROBE. The vertical borehole reached down to 87.2 m depth and had a diameter (PQ) of 83.5 mm.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Acoustic Televiewer data are freely accessible now in .dlis and PDF formats. The original data files are embargoed until the 30 June 2022.
    Keywords: geophysical borehole logging ; televiewer ; Full seismic wave fields ; electrical resistivity ; gamma ray ; spontaneous potential ; single point resistance ; seismic p wave velocities ; seismic s wave velocities ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Recorders/Loggers 〉 WELL LOGGING TOOLS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 4
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    DESTRESS - soft stimulation treatments of geothermal reservoirs, Iceland (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-24
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Near Reykjavik/Iceland, a "soft stimulation” geothermal experiment was performed in the frame of the DESTRESS project in 2019. The installed seismic stations consist of short period, and borehole stations in and around Geldinganes, NE of Reykjavik. The task of this network is the monitoring of the seismic events in the area around the stimulation site. The installation started in late 2018 with 6 short period stations (Reykjavik Energy). Since July 2019 additional seismic stations were integrated as a small scale array on the island Geldinganes and additional short period stations. A borehole geophone chain was installed with 17 short period 3-component geophones with a vertical spacing of 10 meter in the depth interval 1040m to 1200 m. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code YG, and are embargoed until November 2025.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Other , Seismic Network
    Format: ~500G
    Format: SEED data
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  • 5
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    Images and videos of analogue centrifuge models exploring marginal flexure during rifting in Afar, East Africa (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes images and videos depicting the evolution of deformation and topography of 17 analogue experiments c passive margin development, to better understand the ongoing tectonics along the western margin of Afar, East Africa. The tectonic background that forms the basis for the experimental design is found in Zwaan et al. 2019 and 2020a-b, and references therein. The experiments, in an enhanced gravity field in a large-capacity centrifuge, examined the influence of brittle layer thickness, strength contrast, syn-rift sedimentation and oblique extension on a brittle-viscous system with a strong and weak viscous domain. All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of of the Istituto di Geoscience e Georisorse - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IGG) and of the Earth Sciences Department of the University of Florence (CNR/UF). The brittle layer (sand) thickness ranged between 6 and 20 mm, the underlying viscous layer, split in a competent and weak domain (both viscous mixtures), was always 10 mm thick. Asymmetric extension was applied by removing a 1.5 mm thick spacer at the side of the model at every time step, allowing the analogue materials to spread when enhanced gravity was applied during a centrifuge run. Differential stretching of the viscous material creates flexure and faulting in the overlying brittle layer. Total extension amounted to 10.5 mm over 7 intervals for Series 1 models that aimed at understanding generic passive margin development in a generic orthogonal extension setting, whereas up to 16.5 mm of extension was applied for the additional Series 2 models aiming at reproducing the tectonic phases in Afar. In models involving sedimentation, sand was filled in at time steps 2, 4 and 6 (i.e. after 3, 6 and 9 mm of extension). Detailed descriptions of the experiments, monitoring techniques and tectonic interpretation of the model results are presented in Zwaan et al. (2020c) to which these data are supplementary.
    Keywords: EPOS ; Analogue modelling results ; multi-scale laboratories ; Rifting ; Passive margin ; antiform ; deformation 〉 ductile flow ; deformation 〉 folding ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; depression ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 PLATE BOUNDARIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRAIN ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; flexure/buckle ; geologic process ; graben ; graben ; normal fault ; plateau ; rift valley ; rifting ; sedimentary process 〉 deposition ; tectonic and structural features ; tectonic process 〉 continental_breakup 〉 rifting ; tectonic setting 〉 extended terrane setting 〉 continental rift setting ; tectonic setting 〉 plate margin setting 〉 active continental margin setting ; tectonic setting 〉 plate spreading center setting
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 6
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    The Pan-Alpine gravity database 2020 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data publication is a new compilation of land gravity data expressing the Earth’s gravitational acceleration field on the broader area of the European Alps. The dataset is based on national databases from 10 countries, but surmounts any barriers related to national reference systems. The input to this dataset is the largest Alpine compilation of point-wise data on land ever, and also includes marine data in adjacent regions in the Mediterranean Sea. Following quality control, this represents a total of 349’938 terrestrial gravity points and about 700’000 marine stations. Only such a dataset allows to investigate the Alpine orogen from shallow (sedimentary) to large (mantle) depths, which is among the primary goals of the AlpArray science program. Broad effort to collect all existing, public and private, point-based gravity data in the area of interest: 2-23°E, 41-51°N. The final, published grids are shared with the community on a 4*4 km2 grid; the results on 2*2 km2 grid are available upon request and approval from the group. We developed and fine-tuned an approach in which all raw data could be processed in the same, homogeneous way. Outliers were discarded. Full details are given in the reference publication (Zahorec et al., 2020).
    Keywords: AlpArray ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 7
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    Boundary layer classification from remote sensing at Iquique, March 2018 - March 2019 (2020)
    CRC1211 Database (CRC1211DB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-25
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Classification of the state of the atmospheric boundary layer at Diego Aracena Aitport, Iquique, Chile. Profiles of vertical and horizontal wind speed and backscatter coefficient (measured with a Doppler Wind Lidar) as well as thermal stratification at the surface (Thermo-Hygrometers at ~1m and ~2m height) are used to identify height regions without and with turbulence, clouds and precipitation . In a second step the sources of this turbulence are identified (clouds, surface heating or wind shear). For details of the method see Manninen, A., T. Marke, E. O'Connor, and M. Tuononen, 2018: Atmospheric boundary layer classification with Doppler lidar, J. Geophys. Res. , 123, DOI:10.1029/2017JD028169. For daily plots see: http://tiny.cc/iqq_cn_bl_class
    Keywords: Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere ; Meteorology ; Remote Sensing ; LiDAR ; Stratocumulus ; Wind ; Clouds
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: NetCDF
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  • 8
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    Site characterization of the PIER-ICDP drill holes by imaging the subsurface electrical conductivity structure: local and regional structure beneath Mýtina and Neualbenreuth Maar (ConeEM) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The West Bohemian Massif as part of the geodynamically active European Cenozoic Rift System is characterised by ongoing magmatic processes in the intra-continental lithospheric mantle. A series of phenomena such as massive degassing of CO2 and repeated earthquake swarms make the Eger Rift a unique target area for European intra-continental geo-scientific research. The ICDP project "Drilling the Eger Rift" was funded to study the field of earthquake-fluid-rock-biosphere interaction. In the framework of this ICDP project, magnetotelluric (MT) experiments have been conducted to image the subsurface distribution of the electrical conductivity down to depths of several tens of kilometres as the electrical conductivity is particularly sensitive to the presence of high-conductive phases such as aqueous fluids, partial melts or metallic compounds. Based on recent MT experiments in 2015/2016, Munoz et al. (2018) presented 2D images of the electrical conductivity structure along a NS profile across the Eger Rift. It reveals a conductive channel at the earthquake swarm region that extend from the lower crust to the surface forming a pathway for fluids up to the region of the mofettes. A second conductive channel is present in the south of the model. Due to the given station setup along a profile, the resulting 2D inversion allows ambiguous interpretations of this feature. As 3D inversion is required to distinguish between the different interpretations, we conducted another MT field experiment at the end of 2018. This data publication (10.5880/GIPP-MT. 201810 .1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
    Description: Other
    Description: The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) provides field instruments for (temporary) seismological studies (both controlled source and earthquake seismology) and for magnetotelluric (electromagnetic) experiments. The GIPP is operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The instrument facility is open for academic use. Instrument applications are evaluated and ranked by an external steering board. See Haberland and Ritter (2016) and https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp for more information.
    Keywords: Magnetotelluric ; West Bohemian Massif ; Eger Rift ; ICDP project “Drilling the Eger Rift” ; Conductive channel ; Fluids ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 GEOMAGNETIC INDUCTION ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Probes
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  • 9
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    MT_ANT2 - Magnetotelluric Measurements Around Neumayer Station III, Antarctica (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Magnetotellurics (MT) is a geophysical deep sounding tool that can help decipher the deep hydrology and geology of Antarctica, in concert with more established and already applied geophysical methods, such as seismology, gravity, and magnetics. Electrical conductivity is an important physical parameter to identify properties of rocks and, perhaps more importantly, constituents within, such as fluids or mineralisation.The unique conditions of Antarctica, which is largely covered with ice cause technical issues, particularly with the electric field recordings, as highly resistive snow and ice at surface of Antarctica hampers contact of the E-field sensors (telluric electrodes) with the ground. The project was a feasibility study to address this principal problem and to test modified MT equipment of the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) in the vicinity of the Neumayer Station III (NMIII) on the Ekström Ice Shelfon.This data publication encompasses a detailed report in .pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
    Description: Other
    Description: The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) provides field instruments for (temporary) seismological studies (both controlled source and earthquake seismology) and for magnetotelluric (electromagnetic) experiments. The GIPP is operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The instrument facility is open for academic use. Instrument applications are evaluated and ranked by an external steering board. See Haberland and Ritter (2016) and https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp for more information.
    Keywords: Magnetotelluric ; Feasibility Study ; Antarctica ; Ekström Ice Shelf ; Grunehogna craton ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 GEOMAGNETIC INDUCTION ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Probes
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  • 10
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    Dataset on conservation with elevated elephant densities sequesters carbon in soils despite losses of woody biomass (2020)
    CRC/TRR228 Database (TRR228DB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-09
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Nature conservation and restoration in terrestrial ecosystems is often focused on increasing the numbers of megafauna, expecting them to have positive impacts on ecological self-regulation processes and biodiversity. In sub-Saharan Africa, conservation efforts also aspire to protect and enhance biodiversity with particular focus on elephants. However, elephant browsing carries the risk of woody biomass losses. In this context, little is known about how increasing elephant numbers affects carbon stocks in soils, including the subsoils. We hypothesized that (1) increasing numbers of elephants reduce tree biomass, and thus the amount of C stored therein, resulting (2) in a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC). If true, a negative carbon footprint could limit the sustainability of elephant conservation from a global carbon perspective. To test these hypotheses, we selected plots of low, medium, and high elephant densities in two national parks and adjacent conservancies in the Namibian component of the Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Area (KAZA), and quantified carbon storage in both woody vegetation and soils (1 m). Analyses were supplemented by the assessment of soil carbon isotopic composition. We found that increasing elephant densities resulted in a loss of tree carbon storage by 6.4 t ha−1. However, and in contrast to our second hypothesis, SOC stocks increased by 4.7 t ha−1 with increasing elephant densities. These higher SOC stocks were mainly found in the topsoil (0–30 cm) and were largely due to the formation of SOC from woody biomass. A second carbon input source into the soils was megaherbivore dung, which contributed with 0.02–0.323 t C ha−1 year−1 to ecosystem carbon storage in the low and high elephant density plots, respectively. Consequently, increasing elephant density does not necessarily lead to a negative C footprint, as soil carbon sequestration and transient C storage in dung almost compensate for losses in tree biomass.The dataset contains the raw data of soil analyses up to 1 m soil depth and vegetation data on plot level. A third sheet of the excelfile contains necessary information about abbreviations used within the dataset.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Environment ; Carbon ; Soil Organic Carbon ; Conservation Areas ; Ecosystem ; Vegetation
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: MS Excel
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  • 11
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    3D-ALPS-TR: A 3D thermal and rheological model of the Alpine lithosphere (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-22
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Despite the amount of research focused on the Alpine orogen, significant unknowns remain regarding the thermal field and long term lithospheric strength in the region. Previous published interpretations of these features primarily concern a limited number of 2D cross sections, and those that represent the region in 3D typically do not conform to measured data such as wellbore or seismic measurements. However, in the light of recently published higher resolution region specific 3D geophysical models, that conform to secondary data measurements, the generation of a more up to date revision of the thermal field and long term lithospheric yield strength is made possible, in order to shed light on open questions of the state of the orogen. The study area of this work focuses on a region of 660 km x 620 km covering the vast majority of the Alps and their forelands, with the Central and Eastern Alps and the northern foreland being the best covered regions.
    Keywords: Alps ; Forelands ; Po Basin ; Molasse Basin ; Upper Rhine Graben ; Ivrea Body ; European Crust ; Adriatic Crust ; Sediment Thickness ; Crustal Thickness ; Vosges Massif ; Black Forest Massif ; Bohemian Massif ; Mantle Density ; 4DMB ; Mountain Building Processes in 4d ; EARTH SCIENCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC LANDFORMS 〉 MOUNTAINS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOTHERMAL DYNAMICS 〉 GEOTHERMAL TEMPERATURE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; lithosphere ; lithosphere 〉 earth's crust ; lithosphere 〉 earth's crust 〉 continental shelf 〉 continent ; lithosphere 〉 earth's crust 〉 sedimentary basin ; physical property 〉 viscosity ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geophysics
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  • 12
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    Seismic data from the 2016-02-22 flood event and from an active seismic survey conducted around the Eshtemoa River, Israel (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Bedload transport is a key process in fluvial morphodynamics and hydraulic engineering, but is notoriously difficult to measure. The recent advent of stream-side seismic monitoring techniques provides an alternative to in-stream monitoring techniques, which are often costly, staff-intensive, and cannot be deployed during large floods. Seismic monitoring is a surrogate method requiring several steps to convert seismic data into bedload data. State-of-the-art approaches of conversion exploit physical models predicting the seismic signal generated by bedload transport. Here, we did an active seismic survey (2017-11) and used seismic data from a flood event (2016-02-22) on the Nahal Ehstemoa to constrain a seismic bedload model. We conducted the active seismic survey to determine the local seismic ground properties, i.e., the Green’s function. We also used water depth and bedload grain size distribution to constrain the seismic bedload model and were able to compare the bedload flux obtained from the seismic data using the model with high-quality independent bedload measurements from slot samplers on the site. The complementary non-seismic data is published in a separate data publication (Lagarde et al., 2020).
    Keywords: Ground properties ; Green’s function ; Environmental seismology ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; geology
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  • 13
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    Digital image correlation data from analogue subduction megathrust earthquakes addressing the control of geodetic coverage on coseismic slip inversion (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes digital image correlation data from thirteen analogue earthquakes generated by means of an analogue seismotectonic scale model approach. The data consists of grids of 3D static coseismic surface displacements. The data have been derived using a stereo camera setup and processed with LaVision Davis 8 software. Detailed descriptions of the experiments and results regarding the control of geodetic coverage on the slip inversion problem can be found in Kosari et al. (2020) to which this data set is supplementary material. We use an analogue seismotectonic scale model approach (Rosenau et al., 2017) to generate a catalogue of analogue megathrust earthquakes (Table 1). The presented experimental setup is modified from the 3D setup used in Rosenau et al. (2019). To monitor surface deformation of the wedge analogue model a stereoscopic set of two CCD cameras (LaVision Imager pro X 11MPx, 14 bit) monitors images the wedge surface continuously at 2.5 Hz. To derive observational data similar to those from geodetic techniques, i.e. velocities at the location on the surface, we use digital image correlation (DIC, Adam et al., 2005) to derive the 3D incremental surface displacement (or velocity) at high spatial resolution (〈 0.1 mm). The time series of incremental surface displacement data was calculated using LaVision Davis 8 software. The result is an evenly spaced grid of vectors per time step, oriented parallel with respect to the principal dimensions of the box.
    Keywords: EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; analogue modeling results ; Digital Image Correlation (DIC) / Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 〉 StrainMaster (La Vision GmbH) ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; High frame rate camera ; megathrust ; Rubber ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Subduction box ; tectonic and structural features ; tectonic process 〉 subduction ; tectonic setting 〉 plate margin setting 〉 active continental margin setting ; tectonic setting 〉 plate margin setting 〉 subduction zone setting ; Time lapse camera
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 14
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    The gravimetric quasi-geoid of São Paulo State: QGEOID-SP-2020-GGM720 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The quasi-geoid model of São Paulo State was computed using the updated and filtered gravimetric data and the new system of the normal height of the 2018 Brazilian Vertical Reference Frame (BVRF). For the ocean area, gravity anomalies of the DTU13 model with a resolution of 1’ were used. To quantify the terrain effects through the Residual Terrain Model procedure, the SRTM15+ DTM was used. The computation of the quasi-geoid model was performed by numerical integration through the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Molodensky gravity anomaly was determined in a 5’x5’ grid and reduced and restored using the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique and the XGM2019e global gravity model truncated at degree and order 720. The zero-order degree term was added in the final computation. The validation for the quasi-geoid model based on 291 GPS measurements in the leveling network has shown 18 cm RMS difference. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; São Paulo State ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 15
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    The gravimetric geoid of São Paulo State: GEOID-SP-2020-GGM250 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The geoid model of São Paulo State was computed using the updated and filtered gravimetric data and the new system of the normal height of the 2018 Brazilian Vertical Reference Frame (BVRF). For the ocean area, gravity anomalies of the DTU13 model with a resolution of 1’ were used. To quantify the terrain effects through the Residual Terrain Model procedure, the SRTM15+ DTM was used. The computation of the quasi-geoid model was performed by numerical integration through the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Molodensky gravity anomaly was determined in a 5’x5’ grid and reduced and restored using the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique and the XGM2019e global gravity model truncated at degree and order 250. The geoid model was derived from the Bouguer gravity anomalies. The zero-order degree term was added in the final computation. The validation for the quasi-geoid model based on 291 GPS measurements in the leveling network has shown 18 cm RMS difference. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; São Paulo State ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 16
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    The gravimetric quasi-geoid of São Paulo State: QGEOID-SP-2020-GGM250 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The quasi-geoid model of São Paulo State was computed using the updated and filtered gravimetric data and the new system of the normal height of the 2018 Brazilian Vertical Reference Frame (BVRF). For the ocean area, gravity anomalies of the DTU13 model with a resolution of 1’ were used. To quantify the terrain effects through the Residual Terrain Model procedure, the SRTM15+ DTM was used. The computation of the quasi-geoid model was performed by numerical integration through the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Molodensky gravity anomaly was determined in a 5’x5’ grid and reduced and restored using the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique and the XGM2019e global gravity model truncated at degree and order 250. The zero-order degree term was added in the final computation. The validation for the quasi-geoid model based on 291 GPS measurements in the leveling network has shown 18 cm RMS difference. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; São Paulo State ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 17
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    The gravimetric geoid of São Paulo State: GEOID-SP-2020-GGM720 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The geoid model of São Paulo State was computed using the updated and filtered gravimetric data and the new system of the normal height of the 2018 Brazilian Vertical Reference Frame (BVRF). For the ocean area, gravity anomalies of the DTU13 model with a resolution of 1’ were used. To quantify the terrain effects through the Residual Terrain Model procedure, the SRTM15+ DTM was used. The computation of the quasi-geoid model was performed by numerical integration through the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Molodensky gravity anomaly was determined in a 5’x5’ grid and reduced and restored using the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique and the XGM2019e global gravity model truncated at degree and order 720. The geoid model was derived from the Bouguer gravity anomalies. The zero-order degree term was added in the final computation. The validation for the quasi-geoid model based on 291 GPS measurements in the leveling network has shown 18 cm RMS difference. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; São Paulo State ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 18
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    Demmin, Germany (October 2015) - an EnMAP Preparatory Flight Campaign (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The dataset is composed of Hyspex (VNIR/SWIR) hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on 01. Oktober, 2015 within the Demmin Research Area. The acquisition conditions were cloud free. The dataset includes two mosaics generated based on 9 HySpex flight lines. The dataset also includes Level 2A EnMAP-like imagery simulated using the end-to-end Simulation tool (EeteS). Additionally a soil database focussed on the soil organic carbon content (SOC) with geographic coordinates, texture and spectral information is included.
    Description: Methods
    Description: Nine flight stripes were acquired during an EnMAP GFZ/FUB flight campaign operated by the GFZ using the HySpex VNIR-1600 and HySpex SWIR 320m-e (“HySpex, Norsk Elektro Optikk,” 2015) imaging spectrometers over the DEMMIN test field on 01 October 2015 (10:07-11:01 local time). Over the nine flight stripes, three are located in the Western part of the area over the village of Borrentin and Nossendorf, and six in the Eastern part of the area over the villages of Alt-Tellin, Jarmen and Sassen covering mainly agricultural fields (figure 1). For this campaign the HySpex imaging system was mounted on the Cessna 207T aircraft of the “Freie Universität Berlin” (FUB). The HySpex hyperspectral imaging system is based on two separated push-broom hyperspectral cameras HySpex VNIR-1600 and HySpex SWIR 320m-e which cover the wavelength domain from 0.4-1.0 µm and 1.0-2.5 µm respectively, with a spectral resolution of 3.7 nm (VNIR-1600) and 6.0 nm (SWIR-320m-e). Both sensors were flown with a field of view expander which results in field of view of 33.2° for the VNIR and 26.4° for the SWIR. The position and attitude of the airplane were measured with an AEROcontrol-IId inertial measurement unit (IMU) with available data rates of 256 Hz in combination with a Novatel OEM4 - g2 GPS receiver. The HySpex sensors (VNIR, SWIR) and DGPS/IMU sensors were arranged on an active stabilization platform (SM2000 ). The entire airborne campaign was conducted at a mean altitude of 2500m which results in a mean ground sampling distance (GSD) of 1.9 m for the VNIR and 3.8 m for the SWIR. After the preprocessing of the HySpex data (georectification, sensor co-registration, atmospheric correction, mosaicking) the hyperspectral data cube consists of a total of 408/390 bands resampled to 4m pixel resolution. The overflight encompassed an area of approximately 23000 ha.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extract-ing geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal (http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights).
    Keywords: Hyperspectral Imagery ; Soil ; Landuse ; Agricultur ; agriculture 〉 agricultural method ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Spectrometers/Radiometers 〉 Hyperspectral Spectrometers/Radiometers ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 AGRICULTURE 〉 SOILS 〉 SOIL CHEMISTRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOSPHERE 〉 VEGETATION ; land 〉 world 〉 Europe 〉 Western Europe ; pedosphere 〉 soil
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 19
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    Data from the German Continental Deep Drilling Project (KTB, Kontinentale Tiefbohrung) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-26
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data collection provides digital access to data and publications of the KTB (German Continental Deep Drilling Program) project. KTB was a very detailed, long-term Earth science investigation on the structure, dynamics and formation of the Central European crust in Northeastern Bavaria, Germany (Harms, Kück 2016). With geophysical sounding and ultra-deep drilling it elucidated a crustal block at the border of a micro-continental collision zones amalgamated during the Caledonian and Variscan orogenies. Major research themes were: i) the nature of geophysical structures and phenomena, ii) the crustal stress field and the brittle-ductile transition, iii) the thermal structure of the crust, iv) crustal fluids and transport processes, and v) structure and evolution of the central European Variscan basement. KTB started in 1982 with pre-site selection studies and scientific objective definition followed in 1985 by site selection studies including shallow boreholes. From 1987 to 1990 a pilot borehole of 4000 m depth was drilled and fluid tests and borehole studies were conducted. In 1990 started drilling of a so-called superdeep main borehole of 9101 m depth that was reached in 1994. Again, the final drilling phase was concluded with large-scale fluid and seismic experiments. The rocks drilled comprise metamorphic series of mafic volcanic, volcano-clastics as well as minor gabbroic to ultramafic rocks that are intercalated with leucocratic meta-sedimentary gneisses. They represent most likely a deeply subducted accretionary wedge mélange with a complex P-T-t history. The undisturbed bottom hole temperature is ~265°C. Among the outstanding results are the following: (1) A continuous profile of the complete stress tensor was obtained. (2) Several lines of evidence indicate that KTB reached the present-day brittle-ductile transition. (3) The drilled crustal segment is distinguished by large amounts of free fluids down to mid-crustal levels. (4) The role of post-orogenic brittle deformation had been grossly underestimated. (5) Steep-angle seismic reflection surveys depict the deformation pattern of the upper crust. (6) High-resolution seismic images of the crust can be obtained with a newly developed technique of true-amplitude prestack depth migration. (7) The electrical behavior of the crust is determined by secondary graphite (+/-sulfides) in shear zones. (after Emmermann und Lauterjung (1997)
    Description: Other
    Description: The data are ordered according to disciplines, wells and working groups and currently available via the original KTB site (https://data.icdp-online.org/sites/ktb/welcome.html). The DOI-referenced data publication of KTB data is in progress. Scientific disciplines: Borehole Measurements Geology, Petrology, Tectonics - Microscopy - Lithological description of cores - Lithological description of cuttings - Tectonic elements Geochemistry - Gas analysis - XRF, XRD analysis - Infrared Spectrometry - IC, ICP-AES Petrophysics - Density - Porosity - Electrical resistivity - Natural gamma-ray activity - Inner surface - Permeability - Relaxation - Magnetic susceptibility - Ultrasonic seismics - Thermal conductivity Rock Mechanics - Compressive strength - Tensile strength Technical drilling parameter Fluid/Hydraulic experiments Hydrofrac/Seismic experiments
    Keywords: German Continental Deep Drilling Program ; KTB ; Bavaria ; Windischeschenbach ; field laboratory ; downhole logging unit ; geology ; petrology ; tectonics ; geochemistry ; petrophysics ; rock mechanics ; borehole measurements ; drilling engineering ; final experiments ; hydrolaulic tests ; presite surveys ; dekorp iso89 ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 EARTH GASES/LIQUIDS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Corers
    Type: Collection , Collection
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  • 20
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    Source Inversion Report On The 24 January 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ-Sivrice Earthquake (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This interactive webpage contains supplementary information for the publication by Jamalreyhani et al., 2020: Seismicity related to the eastern sector of Anatolian escape tectonics: A seismic gap partly filled by the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake.
    Description: Methods
    Description: The analysis has been performed using the Grond software package (Heimann et al., 2018). The open source software for seismic source parameter optimization Grond implements a bootstrap-based method to retrieve solution sub-spaces, parameter trade-offs and uncertainties of earthquake source parameters. Green's functions (GFs) for three different velocity models were calculated with the orthonormal propagator method (QSEIS, Wang, 1999; see https://github.com/pyrocko/fomosto-qseis/). All GFs are stored in Pyrocko GF stores (Pyrocko toolbox, Heimann et al., 2017, Heimann et al. 2019). Green's functions were computed employing a tapered Heaviside wavelet, a sample rate of 25 Hz and a grid spacing of 50 m allowing for interpolation of Green's functions between nodes. The databases comprise source depths from 1 to 4 km and receiver depths from 0 to 200 m. We used a nearest neighbor interpolation inbetween grid points of the pre-computed GFs.
    Keywords: finite fault inversion ; moment tensor inversion ; seismology ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Active Remote Sensing 〉 Imaging Radars ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Other , Other
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  • 21
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    Deep seismic reflection profile DEKORP 1987-1B across the western Rhenish Massif, West Germany (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The 50 km long profile 1B was recorded in 1987 as part of the joint reflection venture DEKORP 1 of DEKORP (German Deep Seismic Reflection Program) and BELCORP (Belgian Continental Reflection Seismic Program) groups. It was surveyed to investigate the deep crustal structure of the western Rhenish Massif with high-fold near-vertical incidence vibroseis acquisition. The objectives of the experiment were to analyse deep Variscan and post-Variscan crustal structures in the region and to compare them with the results from the eastern Rhenish Massif gathered from the survey DEKORP 2N. The first results were presented by DEKORP Research Group (1990, 1991) and supplemented by many other researches. The Technical Report of line 1B gives detailed information about acquisition and processing parameters. The European Variscides, extending from the French Central Massif to the East European Platform, originated during the collision between Gondwana and Baltica in the Late Palaeozoic. Due to involvement of various crustal blocks in the orogenesis, the mountain belt is subdivided into distinct zones. The external fold-and-thrust belts of the Rhenohercynian and Saxothuringian as well as the predominantly crystalline body of the Moldanubian dominate the central European segment of the Variscides. Polyphase tectonic deformation, magmatism and metamorphic processes led to a complex interlinking between the units. The Rhenohercynian Zone is a foreland fold-and-thrust belt cropping out in the Rhenish Massif which extends from the Ardennes to the Harz Mountains. This geological unit consists predominantly of Devonian and Lower Carboniferous rocks affected by very low-grade metamorphism (DEKORP Research Group, 1991). The survey 1B was carried out in the western part of the Rhenish Massif and trends nearly N-S starting in the western volcanic zone of the Eifel, the Tertiary Hoch Eifel Volcanic Field represented by alkali basalts and fractionated volcanics. The line also runs over a positiv magnetic anomaly, the Kelberg Magnetic High which is located on the southern flank of the East Eifel Main Anticline. Afterwards, 1B crosses the SE-dipping Siegen Main Thrust and ends in the Mosel Syncline, the northern border of the Hunsrueck Mountains (DEKORP Research Group, 1991). The profile joins line 1A in the north and continues to the southeast with line 1C.
    Description: Other
    Description: The German Continental Seismic Reflection Program DEKORP (DEutsches KOntinentales Reflexionsseismisches Programm) was carried out between 1984 – 1999 as the German national reflection seismic program funded by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT), Bonn [now: the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)]. DEKORP was administrated by the former Geological Survey of Lower Saxony (NLfB), Hannover [now: the State Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology (LBEG)]. In 1994 the DEKORP management was taken over by the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The aim of DEKORP was to investigate the deep crustal structure of Germany with high-resolution near-vertical incidence (mostly vibro)seismic acquisition, supplemented by wide-angle seismic and other target-oriented piggy-back experiments, all complemented by optimized methods of data processing and interpretation. The DEKORP project was closely linked with the KTB (German continental deep-drilling program) and was an equivalent to many other deep-seismic programs world-wide such as COCORP, BIRPS, LITHOPROBE, ECORS, CROP, BELCORP, IBERSEIS and many more. The DEKORP-Atlas (Meissner & Bortfeld, 1990) gives a detailed overview about most of the different campaigns and results. In sum, the resulting DEKORP database includes approximately 40 crustal-scale 2D-seismic reflection lines covering a total of ca. 4 700 km and one 3D-seismic reflection survey covering ca. 400 km². Each DEKORP survey is provided with all datasets that are necessary for either a re-processing (i.e. raw unstacked field records in SEGY) or a re-interpretation (i.e. finally processed sections in SEGY or PNG). The raw data are sorted by records or by CDPs. The final data are available as unmigrated or migrated stacks without or with coherency enhancement. Automatical line-drawings are also included. All data come with additional meta information for each domain (source, receiver, CDP) like coordinates, elevations, locations and static corrections combined in ASCII-tables for geometry assignment. Furthermore, all metadata originating from paper copies are made available as scanned files in PNG or PDF, e.g. field and observer reports, location maps in different scales, near-surface profile headers and others. The DEKORP datasets provide unique and deep insights into the subsurface below Germany covering the earth’s crust from the surface to the upper mantle and are increasingly requested by academic institutions and commercial companies. Fields of applications are geothermal development, hazard analysis, hydrocarbon/shale gas exploration, underground gas storage, tunnel construction and much more.
    Keywords: deep crustal structure ; crustal-scale seismic survey ; near-vertical incidence seismic reflection ; Vibroseis acquisition ; Rhenish Massif ; Variscan orogenic belts ; Rhenohercynian ; Hoch Eifel Volcanic Field ; Kelberg Magnetic High ; Siegen Main Thrust ; Mosel Syncline ; Mohorovičić discontinuity ; geothermal resources ; seismic risks ; DEKORP ; Deutsches Kontinentales Reflexionsseismisches Programm ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 SEISMIC PROFILE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Profilers/Sounders 〉 SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILERS ; lithosphere 〉 earth's crust
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    DATA GFZ
  • 22
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    OSG Logging Data - Lake Junín Drilling Project, Perú - 22-JUL-18-AUG-2015 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Lake Junín Drilling Project, co-funded by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, ICDP, aims to provide a continuous paleoclimate record from lacustrine sediments, and to reconstruct the history of the continental records covering the glacial-interglacial cycles spanning more than 500 kyr. Lake Junín, also known as Chinchaycocha, is a shallow (maximum water depth of 12 m), inter-mountain high-elevation (at 4100 m a.s.l.) lake in the inner-tropics of the Southern Hemisphere that spans 300 km2 in the tropical Andes of Peru. Drill cores were recovered during summer 2015 from three drill sites on the lake. After the completion of coring operations in each hole, downhole logging measurements were performed in five of the 11 boreholes (1A, 1C, 1D, 2A and 3B) by the Operational Support Group of ICDP at GFZ Potsdam (OSG). The OSG logging data from Lake Junín Drilling Project is given here in three data formats. For each of the five boreholes all processed logging data are comprised in one composite logging data set, this set is given here both in ASCII text and in WellCAD format. Additionally, the raw sonic waveform data are in LIS format: •Composite logging data in ASCII text files (.txt) •Composite logging data in WellCAD format (.wcl) •Sonic raw data (waveforms) in LIS format (.lis) Detailed description is provided in the associated data description file.
    Keywords: borehole measurements ; wireline logging ; downhole data ; logs ; lake drilling project ; climate archive ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 LAND RECORDS 〉 SEDIMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS 〉 BOREHOLES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS 〉 SEDIMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS 〉 STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 23
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    The Turkish hybrid geoid: TG-20 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Turkish Geoid Model-2020 (TG-20) is currently the official geoid model for Turkey computed by the General Directorate of Mapping, the national mapping agency. It is a hybrid model extending from 35°N to 43°N and from 25°E to 45°E. It was determined using more than 265,000 point gravity data, as well as the GOCO06S global geopotential model and a digital elevation model of 7.2 arc-second resolution based on SRTM V4.1. Free-air gravity anomalies over marine areas and neighboring countries at 1’×1’ resolution were computed using the XGM2019e model up to degree and order 5399. The computation was based on the Least-Squares Modification of Stokes’ Formula with Additive Corrections (LSMSA) method using the LSMS-GEOLAB scientific software. The transformation of the gravimetric model was carried out via 4-parameter fit to 182 historical and homogenously distributed GPS/levelling data. Absolute validation of the resulting hybrid model with 278 recent GPS/levelling data yielded standard deviations ranging from 1.2 cm to 6.3 cm (below 2 cm at almost every test profile) which brought about considerable improvement over the previous official geoid models. TG-20 with 5 arc-min spatial resolution is freely available to the public. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Least Squares modification of Stokes integral with additive corrections ; Turkey ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 24
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    MLT-averaged Plasmapause Position Calculated from the PINE Plasmasphere Model for the GEM Challenge Events (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-14
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset is the MLT-averaged plasmapause position calculated for the NSF GEM Challenge Events. We use the recently developed Plasma density in the Inner magnetosphere Neural network-based Empirical (PINE) model [Zhelavskaya et al., 2017]. The PINE density model was developed using neural networks and was trained on the electron density data set from the Van Allen Probes Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) [Kletzing et al., 2013]. The model reconstructs the plasmasphere dynamics well (with a cross-correlation of ~0.95 on the test set), and its global reconstructions of plasma density are in good agreement with the IMAGE EUV images of the global distribution of He+. We compare the electron number density value given by the PINE model with the density threshold separating plasmaspheric-like and trough-like density given by [Sheeley et al., 2001] and get the plasmapause position in each MLT. Then, we calculate the MLT-averaged plasmapause position. The. time resolution is 1 hour. These data files presenting the Magnetic Local Time (MLT)-averaged plasmapause position used in the simulations in Wang et al [2020]. The data are presented as the following three tabular ASCII files (.dat) : Lpp_PINE_Sheely_Mean_Mar15_Mar20.dat: content, column1 time [day], column 2 L [Re (Earth Radii)] Lpp_PINE_Sheely_Mean_May30_Jun02.dat: content, column1 time [day], column 2 L [Re (Earth Radii)] Lpp_PINE_Sheely_Mean_Sep17_Sep26.dat: content, column1 time [day], column 2 L [Re (Earth Radii)]
    Keywords: Plasmasphere ; Plasmapause ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SUN-EARTH INTERACTIONS 〉 IONOSPHERE/MAGNETOSPHERE DYNAMICS 〉 PLASMA WAVES ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 SOLAR-ATMOSPHERE/SPACE-WEATHER MODELS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 25
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    The mantle flow velocity and maximum principal stress orientation calculated by use of a geodynamical model (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-03
    Description: Other
    Description: In the data set we provide both mantle velocity and maximum principal stress orientation resulting from a geodynamical model. The data are calculated with use of the ProSpher 3D code in a spectral domain by spherical harmonics decomposition. The resolution of the model is of 120 spherical harmonics laterally and 50 km in depth. For velocity data (file set: Petrunin-etal19-Vel_XXX.dat), the 1st column represents longitude, 2nd column – latitude, 3d, 4th , 5th – longitudinal, latitudinal, and radial components of velocity in mm/yr, correspondingly. For maximum principal stress orientation data (file set: Petrunin-etal19-SH_XXX.dat), the 1st column represents longitude, 2nd column – latitude, 3d, 4th – longitudinal and latitudinal components of the unit vector representing maximum principal stress direction.
    Keywords: Geodynamic model ; calculated velocity field ; maximum principal stress ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 1 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
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    DATA GFZ
  • 26
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    Data from the 1978-79 Rhenish Massif seismic refraction experiment (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: During 1978-79, a seismic refraction experiment was carried out in the Rhenish Massif, West Germany, and adjacent areas, extending through Belgium and Luxembourg into the Paris Basin in France. The experiment was designed to investigate the structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the massif and thus help in a multidisciplinary study, sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, into the causes and mechanisms of uplift of the massif. The Aachen-Baumholder (L1/L2-M1/M2) profile was completed in May and August, 1978. The 600 km long, main profile and the cross profiles, B-K and K-F, were completed in May 1979. During the main experiment in May 1979, 137 recording units of the MARS type from various European countries participated. 20 shots were fired in 1979 and thus a total of 2740 three-component recordings were made.
    Keywords: Rhenish Massif ; seismic refraction ; geophysics ; plateau uplift ; 1978-79 Rhenish Massif seismic refraction experiment ; GIPP Grant Number 197901 ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 REFRACTION ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 WIDE-ANGLE_REFLECTION_REFRACTION ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 EXPLOSION_SOURCE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 CRUSTAL_SCALE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 REGIONAL_SCALE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 DSS ; SENSOR 〉 GEOPHONE ; LAND ; SEG-Y_DATA_FORMAT ; SEISMIC_WAVEFORM_DATA ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 RAW_DATA ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA GFZ
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