ALBERT

Note: 1. Basic graph theory2. Algorithms and complexity -- 3. Shortest paths -- 4. Spanning trees -- 5. The greedy algorithm -- 6. Flows -- 7. Combinatorial applications -- 8. Connectivity and depth first search -- 9. Colorings -- 10. Circulations -- 11. The network simplex algorithm -- 12. Synthesis of networks -- 13. Matchings -- 14. Weighted matchings -- 15. A hard problem: the TSP -- Appendix A. Some NP-complete problems -- Appendix B. Solutions -- Appendix C. List of symbols..

Note: Extra features: Film festival Q&AsMaking chasing ice -- Science update-- Original theatrical trailer.. , DVD; NTSC, Region 1; widescreen presentation; Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround , In English with optional subtitles in German

Note: Contents: I Grundlegungen und Orientierungen ; 1. Grundlegungen im Themenfeld Geschlechterverhältnisse und Nachhaltigkeit ; 2. Orientierungen im Themenfeld Geschlechterverhältnisse und Nachhaltigkeit ; II Forschungs- und Handlungsfelder der Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaften und -politik ; 1. Einführung ; 2. Wissenschaft und Forschung ; 3. Wirtschaften und Arbeiten ; 4. Raumentwicklung ; 5. Mobilität ; 6. Klimawandel und -politik ; 7. Ressourcenpolitik und Infrastruktur ; 8. Natur und Landschaft ; 9. Konsum- und Lebensstile ; 10. Zeit(en) ; 11. Governance, Partizipation, Empowerment ; III Fazit - Die Kategorie Geschlecht: Neue Perspektiven für die Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaften

Note: Contents: 1 Einleitung ; 2 Globaler und regionaler Klimawandel ; 3 Regionen im Klimawandel ; 4 Klimaanpassung als mehrdimensionales Entscheidungsproblem ; 5 Untersuchungsdesign ; 6 Unternehmen und Gemeinden im Klimawandel ; 7 Verletzlichkeitsanalyse ; 8 Klimaanpassung: Status quo und Bedarf ; 9 Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick ; Literatur ; Kurzdarstellung ; Abstract

Note: Machines of democracy -- The prize from fairyland -- Consent of the governed -- Mechanisms of goodwill -- Fuel economy -- Sabotage -- The crisis that never happened -- McJihad..

Note: Contents: Part I. Why Civil Resistance Works ; 1. The Success of Nonviolent Resistance Campaigns ; 2. The Primacy of Particpation in Nonviolent Resistance ; 3. Exploring Alternative Explanations for the Success of Civil Resistance ; Part II. Case Studies Introduction to the Case Studies ; 4. The Iranian Revolution, 1977–1979 ; 5. The First Palestinian Intifada, 1987–1992 ; 6. The Philippine People Power Movement, 1983–1986 ; 7. Why Civil Resistance Sometimes Fails: The Burmese Uprising, 1988–1990 ; Case Study Summary ; Part III. The Implications of Civil Resistance ; 8. After the Campaign: The Consequences of Violent and Nonviolent Resistance ; 9. Conclusion ; Epilogue

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 1999 , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Einleitung 1.1 Kenntnisstand und offene Fragen 1.2 Fragestellung und Ziele dieser Arbeit 2. Umweltbedingungen in den Arbeitsgebieten 2.1 Hydrographie, Eisverhältnisse und NAO 2.2 Zur Variation von Wassertiefe und Breite der Dänemarkstraße und zur Vereisung Islands während des letzten Glazials 3. Methoden 3.1 Auswahl der Kernstationen 3.2 Probennahme und Analysen (Übersicht) 3.3 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Oberflächenwasser Zur Aussage stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse in planktischen Foraminiferen Zur Messung stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse Zur Massenspektrometrie Zur Rekonstruktion von Oberflächentemperaturen Alkane und Alkohole als Maß für Staubeintrag Eistranspmtiertes Material und vulkanische Aschen 3.4 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Zwischen-/ Tiefenwasser Häufigkeit von Cibicides- und anderen benthischen Arten (inkl. Taxonomie) Stabile Isotopenverhältnisse in benthischen Foraminiferen 3.5 AMS 14C-Datierungen Probenreinigung 3. 6 Hauptelementanalysen von vulkanischen Asche-Leithorizonten 3. 7 Geomagnetische Meßgrößen und magnetische Suszeptibiltät 3.8 Techniken zur Spektralanalyse 4. Methodische Ergebnisse 4.1 Zum Einfluß der Probenreinigung auf δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte 4.2 Probleme bei der langfristigen Reproduzierbarkeit von δ18O-Zeitreihen 4.3 Einfluß der Korngröße und Artendefinition planktischer Foraminiferen auf SST-Rekonstruktionen in hohen Breiten 4.4 Vergleich der stabilen Isotopenwerte von Cibicides lobatulus und Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi 5. Stratigraphische Grundlagen und Tiefenprofile der Klimasignale 5.1 Stratigraphische Korrelation zwischen parallel-gekernten GKG- und SL-/KL-Profilen 5.2 Flanktische δ18O-/ δ13C-Kurven, 14C-Alter und biostratigraphische Fixpunkte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Kern 23351 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.3 Benthische δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte in Kern PS2644 5.4 Siliziklastische Sedimentkomponenten: Eistransportiertes Material Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.5 Vulkanische Glasscherben in Kern PS2644: Wind- und Eiseintrag 5.6 Geochemie und Alter einzelner Tephralagen als Leithorizonte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.7 Magnetische Suszeptibilität in den Kernen PS2644, PS2646 und PS2647 Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 5.8 Geomagnetische Feldintensität und Richtungsänderungen in Kern PS2644 5.9 Variation von Planktonfauna und -flora Westliches Islandbecken: Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 Vøring-Plateau: Kern 23071 und 23074 5.10 Benthische Foraminiferen in Kern PS2644 6. Entwicklung von Temperatur und Salzgehalt nördlich der Dänemark-Straße 6.1 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Planktonforaminiferen 6.2 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Uk37 6.3 Variation der Oberflächensalinität 7. Die Feinstratigraphie von Kern PS2644 als Basis für eine Eichung der 14C-Altersskala 22 - 55 ka 7.1 Korrelation zwischen den Klimasignalen in Kern PS2644 und der GISP2-Klimakurve zum Kalibrieren der 14C-Alter und Erstellen eines Altersmodells Tephrachronologische Marker Korrelationsparameter und -regeln Sonderfälle/ Probleme bei der Korrelation 7.2 Alters-stratigraphische Korrelation der Klimakurven von Kern 23071 und 23074 7.3 Variation der Altersanomalien zwischen 20 und 55 14C-ka 7.4 Variabilität des planktischen 14C-Reservoiralters in Schmelzwasserbeeinflußten Seegebieten Variation der planktischen 14C-Alter unmittelbar an der Basis von Heinrich-Ereignis 4 Unterschiede zwischen planktischen und benthischen 14C-Altern in der westlichen Islandsee. Zur Erklärung der inversen Altersdifferenzen 7.5 Differenz zwischen 14C- und Kalenderalter: Zeitliche Variation unter Einfluß des Erdmagnetfeldes - Modell und Befund 7.6 Sedimentationsraten der Kerne 23071, 23074 und PS2644 nach dem GISP2-Altersmodell Vøring-Plateau: Kerne 23071 und 23074 Südwest-Islandsee: Kern PS2644 8. Klimaoszillationen im Europäischen Nordmeer in der Zeit und Frequenzdomäne 8.1 "Der Einzelzyklus" in den Klimakurven von Kern PS2644 8.2 Zur Veränderlichkeit der Warm- und Kaltextreme sowie Zyklenlänge Besonderheiten in der Zyklenlänge Variation der Kalt-(Stadiale) Variation der Interstadiale 8.3 Periodizitäten der Klimasignale im Frequenzband der D.-Oe.-Zyklen. Der D.-Oe.-Zyklus von 1470 J., seine Multiplen und harmonischen Schwingungen Weitere Frequenzen: 1000-1150 Jahre- und 490- 510 Jahre-Zyklizitäten Höhere Frequenzen im Bereich von Jahrhunderten und Dekaden 8.4 Phasenbeziehungen und (örtliche) Steuemngsmechanismen der Dansgaard-Oeschger-Zyklen 9. Schlußfolgerungen Danksagung Literaturverzeichnis Anhang

Note: Содержание Введение 1. Физико-географический очерк дельты реки Лены 2. История изучения дельты реки Лены 3. Геолого-геоморфологическое строение дельты реки Лены 3.1. Геологическое строение 3.1.1. Дочетвертичные отложения 3.1.2. Четвертичные отложения 3.1.2.1. Строение четвертичных отложений в дельте и на побережье моря Лаптевых 3.1.2.2. Скважины бурового профиля «Мамонтов Клык» 3.1.2.3. Строение, состав и возраст осадков, слагающих остров Арга-Муора-Сисё в северо-западной части дельты реки Лены 3.1.2.4. Разрезы голоценовых отложений в дельте 3.1.2.5. Торфяные залежи или аллохтонный растительный материал? 3.2. Геоморфологическое строение дельты и прилегающих территорий, современные геоморфологические процессы 3.2.1. Геоморфологическое строение отдельных участков 3.2.1.1. Устье Оленёкской протоки 3.2.1.2. Центральная часть дельты 3.2.1.3. Район острова Сардах-Хая 3.2.1.4. Долина реки Урасалах 3.2.1.5. Долина реки Кэлимээр, приустьевой участок и дельта реки Оленёк 3.2.1.6. Морские террасы в дельте реки Лены и в районе Дельты 3.2.2. Геоморфологическое строение дельты реки Лены 3.2.3. Русловые деформации и перераспределение стока по рукавам 3.2.3.1. Главное русло 3.2.3.2. Сардахско-Трофимовский узел разветвления 3.2.3.3. Оленёкско-Булкурский узел разветвления 3.2.3.4. Туматская протока 3.2.3.5. Причины перераспределения стока в дельте 3.2.4. Динамика акватории на отдельных участках 4. Происхождение и развитие дельты реки Лены 4.1. Происхождение ледового комплекса пород 4.2. Происхождение острова Арга-Муора-Сисё 4.3. Происхождение дельты реки Лены 4.3.1. Модель развития дельты в голоцене 4.3.2. Колебания уровня моря в голоцене 4.3.3. Современные колебания уровня 4.3.4. Развитие дельты в голоцене 5. Колебания климата 5.1. Колебания климата в голоцене 5.1.1. Материалы и методы 5.1.2. Донные отложения озера Николай-Кюеле 5.1.3. Донные отложения озера Севастьян-Кюеле 5.1.4. Донные отложения других озер района дельты реки Лены 5.1.5. Палеоклиматические события голоцена по данным изучения четвертичных отложений 5.1.6. Общие результаты 5.2. Колебания климата последнего тысячелетия 5.3. Современные климатические изменения и режим многолетнемерзлых пород 6. Пассивные ледники в дельте реки Лены и в окружающих горах 7. Колебания уровня моря - первопричина возникновения ледового комплекса пород и дельты реки Лены Заключение Список литературы , Translated table of contents Introduction 1. Physical and geographical outline of the Lena River Delta 2. The history of the study of the delta of the Lena River 3. Geological and geomorphological structure of the delta of the Lena River 3.1. Geological structure 3.1.1. Pre-Quaternary deposits 3.1.2. Quaternary deposits 3.1.2.1. The structure of Quaternary deposits in the delta and on the coast of the Laptev Sea 3.1.2.2. Wells of the drilling profile "Mammoth Klyk" 3.1.2.3. The structure, composition and age of the sediments composing the island of Arga-Muora-Sisho in the northwestern part of the Lena River Delta 3.1.2.4. Sections of Holocene deposits in the delta 3.1.2.5. Peat deposits or allochthonous plant material? 3.2. Geomorphological Structure of the Delta and Adjacent Territories, Modern Geomorphological Processes 3.2.1. Geomorphological structure of individual sections 3.2.1.1. The mouth of the Olenyok channel 3.2.1.2. The central part of the delta 3.2.1.3. The area of ​​the island of Sardakh-Khaya 3.2.1.4. Valley of the river Urasalakh 3.2.1.5. The valley of the Kalimeer river, the estuarine section and the delta of the Olenyok river 3.2.1.6. Sea terraces in the delta of the Lena River and in the Delta region 3.2.2. Geomorphological structure of the delta of the Lena River 3.2.3. Channel deformations and redistribution of runoff along the branches 3.2.3.1. The main channel 3.2.3.2. Sardakh-Trofimov branching point 3.2.3.3. Olenyok-Bulkur branching point 3.2.3.4. Tumatskaya duct 3.2.3.5. Causes of Runoff Redistribution in the Delta 3.2.4. Dynamics of the water area in separate areas 4. Origin and development of the Lena river delta 4.1. The origin of the ice complex of rocks 4.2. The origin of the island of Arga-Muora-Sisho 4.3. Origin of the Lena River Delta 4.3.1. Model of delta development in the Holocene 4.3.2. Sea level fluctuations in the Holocene 4.3.3. Modern Level Fluctuations 4.3.4. Development of the delta in the Holocene 5. Climate fluctuations 5.1. Climate fluctuations in the Holocene 5.1.1. Materials and methods 5.1.2. Bottom sediments of Lake Nikolai-Kyuele 5.1.3. Bottom sediments of Lake Sevastyan-Kyuele 5.1.4. Bottom sediments of other lakes in the Lena River delta region 5.1.5. Paleoclimatic events of the Holocene according to the study of Quaternary deposits 5.1.6. General results 5.2. Climate fluctuations of the last millennium 5.3. Modern Climatic Changes and the Regime of Permafrost 6. Passive glaciers in the delta of the Lena River and in the surrounding mountains 7. Fluctuations in sea level - the root cause of the formation of the ice complex of rocks and the delta of the Lena River Conclusion References , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO SEA ICE Presentation Ice development Fast ice Occurrence and concentration of floating ice Forms of floating ice Distribution of ice Openings in the ice Ice surface features Melt stages Break-up Charting sea ice Egg code SEA ICE Extent and area Thickness and salinity Currents Climatic role Life in the ice FAUNA The Arctic Antarctica MAN AND THE SEA ICE The Inuit Explorers from the 15th to the 19th century Shipwrecked on a raft of ice The Fram and the drifting ice stations Polar aircraft Polar submarines Icebreakers Tourism Sports , Übersetzung aus dem Französischen

Note: Contents INTRODUCTION / P.V.Krasilnikov PART I GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Geological settings / D.E.Konyushkov, R.V.Desyatkin Climate and soil temperature dynamics / D.E.Konyushkov, R.V.Desyatkin, A.R.Desyatkin Geocryological conditions / D.E.Konyushkov, A.N.Fedorov Vegetation / D.E.Konyushkov, R.V.Desyatkin SOILS AND SOIL COVER PATTERNS – GENERAL SCOPE / D.E.Konyushkov, R.V.Desyatkin, S.F.Khokhlov ALAS PHENOMEN: SPECIFIC FEATURES, GENESIS AND DYNAMICS / R.V.Desyatkin, A.R.Desyatkin AGRICULTURE AND OTHER ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITY IN CENTRAL YAKUTIA / R.V.Desyatkin, M.V.Okoneshnikova PART II SOILS OF CENTRAL SAKHA (YAKUTIA) / S.V.Goryachkin, R.V.Desyatkin, E.M.Lapteva, M.N.Lebedeva, N.S.Mergelov, P.V.Krasilnikov, V.A.Shishkov, I.V.Turova E.P.Zazovskaya METHODS OF STUDY DAY 1 Vilyui road. Cambic Turbic Cryosol. Profile 11 Vilyui road. Turbic Cryosol Reductaquic. Profile 12 Sand hills near Tabaga. Haplic Stagnosol Arenic Turbic. Profile 15 DAY 2 Abalakh alas vicinities. Haplic Cryosol Albic Luvic Sodic. Profile 14 Abalakh alas. Salic Fluvisol. Profile 13-1 Abalakh alas. Stagnic Solonetz Turbic. Profile 13-2 DAY 3 Desyatkin Alas. Cryic Limnic Histosol. Profile 9-1 Desyatkin Alas. Thapto-Histic Limnic Fluvisol. Profile 9-2 Desyatkin Alas. Endogleyic Stagnosols Albic Arenic Turbic. Profile 9-3 Observation point. Khonorosh alas. Bulgunyakh (pingo) 4 DAY 4 Tabaga post-agrogenic soil. Stagnic Cambisol Calcaric. Profile 2-1 Tabaga post-agrogenic soil. Luvic Phaeozem Albic Turbic. Profile 2-2 Tabaga post-agrogenic soil. Calcic Mollic Solonetz Albic. Profile 2-3 Observation point. Badland on icy permafrost Lena terrace. Stagnic Chernozem Molliglossic Turbic. Profile 5 Lena terrace. Mollic Endogleyic Solonetz Turbic. Profile 6 Lena terrace. Hyposalic Solonetz. Profile 7 SOME GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS Cryogenic microfeatures Soluble salts in investigated soils DAY 5. Lena pillars CONCLUSION / (S.V.Goryachkin) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES

Note: Contents Foreword Preface Contributors Chapter 1 Issues of Sampling Design in Wetlands / Monica Rivas Casado, Ron Corstanje, Pat Bellamy, and Ben Marchant DESIGN-BASED SAMPLING APPROACHES MODEL-BASED SAMPLING APPROACHES Chapter 2 Soil and Sediment Sampling of Inundated Environments / Todd Z. Osborne and R.D. DeLaune SAMPLING IN INUNDATED ENVIRONMENTS: SAMPLING PLAN AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS SAMPLING METHODS FOR INUNDATION DEPTHS LESS THAN 1.5 METERS SAMPLING METHODS FOR INUNDATION DEPTHS GREATER THAN 1.5 METERS SPECIAL CONDITIONS OR CONSIDERATIONS Chapter 3 Physicochemical Characterization of Wetland Soils / K.R. Reddy, M.W. Clark, R.D. DeLaune, and M. Kongchum SOIL SAMPLING PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES CONCLUSIONS Chapter 4 Soil Pore Water Sampling Methods / M.M. Fisher and K.R. Reddy TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING SOIL PORE WATER SAMPLE HANDLING CONSIDERATIONS SAMPLING PORE WATER GASES SUMMARY Chapter 5 Reduction–Oxidation Potential and Oxygen / J. Patrick Megonigal and Martin Rabenhorst REDOX POTENTIAL THEORY OXYGEN MEASUREMENT WITH DIFFUSION CHAMBERS REDOX MEASUREMENT Chapter 6 Determination of Dissolved Oxygen, Hydrogen Sulfide, Iron(II), and Manganese(II) in Wetland Pore Waters / George W. Luther III and Andrew S. Madison EXPERIMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRODE FABRICATION EXPERIMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF WORKING ELECTRODE CALIBRATIONS PROCEDURES FOR MICROPROFILING SUMMARY Chapter 7 Soil Redox Potential and pH Controllers / Kewei Yu and Jörg Rinklebe REDOX POTENTIAL AND pH CONTROL MODIFICATIONS AN AUTOMATED BIOGEOCHEMICAL MICROCOSM SYSTEM APPLICATIONS Chapter 8 Morphological Methods to Characterize Hydric Soils / M.J. Vepraskas EQUIPMENT METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR DESCRIBING HYDRIC SOILS FIELD TEST TO ASSESS SOIL MATERIAL TYPE IDENTIFYING HYDRIC SOIL FIELD INDICATORS Chapter 9 Emergent Macrophyte Biomass Production / Christopher Craft SAMPLING CONSIDERATIONS INDIRECT METHODS DIRECT METHODS EMERGING METHODS Chapter 10 Photosynthetic Measurements in Wetlands / S.R. Pezeshki OXYGEN EXCHANGE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE CARBON ISOTOPE TECHNIQUE MICROMETEOROLOGICAL TECHNIQUE CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE METHOD PHOTOSYNTHETIC MEASUREMENTS USING CHAMBERS SUMMARY Chapter 11 Gas Transport and Exchange through Wetland Plant Aerenchyma / Brian K. Sorrell and Hans Brix GENERAL PRINCIPLES EXPERIMENTAL PRINCIPLES LABORATORY AND GLASSHOUSE CHAMBERS MODELING APPROACHES Chapter 12 A Primer on Sampling Plant Communities in Wetlands / Curtis J. Richardson and Ryan S. King OVERVIEW OF SAMPLING PLANT POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITIES SAMPLE SIZE PLANT SAMPLING APPROACHES RAPID ASSESSMENT APPROACHES TO ESTIMATE PLANT ABUNDANCE AND COVER PERCENTAGE PLANT SAMPLING METHODS AND CALCULATION PROCEDURES ANALYSIS OF DATA COMPARISON OF PLANT COMMUNITIES SUGGESTIONS FOR DEVELOPING A PLANT SAMPLING PROGRAM APPENDIX Chapter 13 Plant Productivity—Bottomland Hardwood Forests / William H. Conner and Julia A. Cherry ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTIVITY BELOWGROUND PRODUCTIVITY Chapter 14 Current Methods to Evaluate Net Primary Production and Carbon Budgets in Mangrove Forests / Victor H. Rivera-Monroy, Edward Castañeda-Moya, Jordan G. Barr, Vic Engel, Jose D. Fuentes, Tiffany G. Troxler, Robert R. Twilley, Steven Bouillon, Thomas J. Smith III, and Thomas L. O’Halloran CURRENT METHODS TO ESTIMATE NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY COMPARING MANGROVE NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION ESTIMATES TO WHOLE-FOREST CARBON FLUX MEASUREMENTS SUMMARY AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS APPENDIX Chapter 15 Characterization of Wetland Soil Organic Matter / Robert L. Cook and Thomas S. Bianchi SAMPLE TREATMENT AND PROCESSING SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION BULK ELEMENTAL AND CHEMICAL BIOMARKER ANALYSES SUMMARY Chapter 16 Dissolved Organic Matter / Robert G. Qualls EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION MATERIALS AND REAGENTS SAMPLE PREPARATION PROCEDURES CONCLUSIONS Chapter 17 Soil Microbial Biomass and Phospholipid Fatty Acids / Jörg Rinklebe and Uwe Langer THE SUBSTRATE-INDUCED RESPIRATION METHOD PHOSPHOLIPID FATTY ACIDS ESTIMATES OF MICROBIAL BIOMASS SUMMARY Chapter 18 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Wetland Soils / Hee-Sung Bae and Andrew V. Ogram DNA EXTRACTION QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION BASED MOLECULAR CLONING Chapter 19 Enzyme Activities / Hojeong Kang, Seon-Young Kim, and Chris Freeman EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION MATERIALS AND REAGENTS SAMPLE PREPARATION PROCEDURE CALCULATION SUMMARY Chapter 20 Organic Matter Mineralization and Decomposition / Scott D. Bridgham and Rongzhong Ye LITTER DECOMPOSITION DECOMPOSITION OF STANDARD SUBSTRATES SOIL HETEROTROPHIC RESPIRATION PHOTODEGRADATION Chapter 21 Methanogenesis and Methane Oxidation in Wetland Soils / Kanika S. Inglett, Jeffery P. Chanton, and Patrick W. Inglett EXPERIMENTAL METHANE MEASUREMENTS ISOTOPIC MEASUREMENTS OF METHANE Chapter 22 Greenhouse Gas Emission by Static Chamber and Eddy Flux Methods / Kewei Yu, April Hiscox, and R.D. DeLaune STATIC CHAMBER MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENT SUMMARY Chapter 23 Characterization of Organic Nitrogen in Wetlands / C.M. VanZomeren, H. Knicker, W.T. Cooper, and K.R. Reddy CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION OF SOIL ORGANIC NITROGEN CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION METHOD NUCLEAR RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY MASS SPECTROMETRY OF ORGANIC NITROGEN CONCLUSIONS Chapter 24 Measurements of Nitrogen Mineralization Potential in Wetland Soils / Eric D. Roy and John R. White POTENTIALLY MINERALIZABLE NITROGEN SUBSTRATE-INDUCED NITROGEN MINERALIZATION LIMITATIONS SUMMARY Chapter 25 Wind Tunnel Method for Measurement of Ammonia Volatilization / M.E. Poach, K.S. Ro, and P.G. Hunt EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION MATERIALS AND REAGENTS SAMPLE PREPARATION PROCEDURE SAMPLE ANALYSIS CALCULATION STATISTICAL ANALYSIS QUALITY ASSURANCE SUMMARY Chapter 26 Ammonium Oxidation in Wetland Soils / K.S. Inglett, A.V. Ogram, and K.R. Reddy AEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION (NITRIFICATION) ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION (ANAMMOX) METHODS FOR ASSESSING AEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION (NITRIFICATION) METHODS FOR ASSESSING ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION (ANAMMOX) POTENTIAL MOLECULAR METHODS FOR ASSESSING AMMONIUM OXDIATION IN WETLAND SOILS SUMMARY Chapter 27 Denitrification Measurement Using Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry / Patrick W. Inglett, Todd M. Kana, and Soonmo An GENERAL PRINCIPLES EXPERIMENTAL PRINCIPLES ISOTOPE PAIRING BY THE MIMS METHOD SUMMARY Chapter 28 Nitrate Reduction, Denitrification, and Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium in Wetland Sediments / Amy J. Burgin, Stephen K. Hamilton, Wayne S. Gardner, and Mark J. McCarthy EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION MATERIALS AND REAGENTS PROCEDURES SAMPLE PREPARATION CALCULATIONS Chapter 29 System-Level Denitrification Measurement Based on Dissolved Gas Equilibration Theory and Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry / Andrew Laursen and Patrick W. Inglett GENERAL THEORY EXPERIMENTAL PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS DISCUSSION AND LIMITATIONS SUMMARY Chapter 30 Biogeochemical Nitrogen Cycling in Wetland Ecosystems: Nitrogen-15 Isotope Techniques / Dries Huygens, Mark Trimmer, Tobias Rütting, Christoph Müller, Catherine M. Heppell, Katrina Lansdown, and Pascal Boeckx EXPERIMENTAL STUDY SETUPS ISOTOPE PAIRING AND REVISED ISOTOPE PAIRING TECHNIQUES ISOTOPE DILUTION AND TRACING TECHNIQUES Chapter 31 Biological Dinitrogen Fixation / Patrick W. Inglett ACETYLENE REDUCTION DINITROGEN-15 INCORPORATION SUMMARY Chapter 32 Methods for Soil Phosphorus Characterization and Analysis of Wetland Soils / Curtis J. Richardson and K.R. Reddy TERMINOLOGY, OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS, AND COMPARISON OF PHOSPHORUS FORMS SAMPLE PREPARATION AND STORAGE SOIL PHOSPHORUS ANALYSIS PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY INDICES ANION EXCHANGE RESIN AND IRON OXIDE PAPER SOIL INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS FORMS GENERAL COMMENTS Chapter 33 Phosphorus Characterization in Wetland Soils by Solution Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Alexander W. Cheesman, James Rocca, and Benjamin L. Turner BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO WETLAND SOILS Chapter 34 Phosphorus Sorption and Desorption

Note: In Japanese.

Note: Contents: Preface ; 1. Introduction: It is the Only One We Have ; 2. Planet Accounts ; Part I: Short-term Fluctuations and Demand Management ; 3. Earth’s Business Cycle ; 4. Why I = S and What That Means: The Building Blocks of Macroeconomic Analysis ; 5. Investment, the IS Curve, and Product Market Equilibrium ; 6. What About Government? ; 7. Money Matters! The LM Curve and Money Market Equilibrium ; 8. Eartheconomic Demand and Supply ; 9. Puzzling Disagreements ; Part II: Long Run ; 10. Long-Run Growth ; 11. Development and Change , 12. Limits to Growth? ; Part III: Earth Governance and Global Public Goods ; 13. Global Public Goods ; 14. Global Peers: An Agenda ; References ; Index

Note: The regional implementation of the law of the sea and the polar regions / Alex G. Oude Elferink, Erik J. Molenaar and Donald R. RothwellThe evolving Antarctic treaty system : implications of accommodating developments in the law of the sea / Shirley V. Scott -- The developing regional regime for the marine Arctic / Betsy Baker -- The outer limits of the continental shelf in the polar regions / Alex G. Oude Elferink -- Marine protected areas in the arctic / Suzanne Lalonde -- Marine protected areas in the southern ocean / Karen N. Scott -- Environmental assessments in the marine areas of the polar regions / Robin Warner -- Migratory species conservation in warming polar oceans, with particular reference to -- Seabirds / Arie Trouwborst -- International regulation of polar shipping / Laura Boone -- Antarctic fisheries management / Andrew Serdy -- Arctic fisheries management / Erik J. Molenaar -- Marine mammals in the Antarctic treaty system / Joanna Mossop -- The conservation and utilization of marine mammals in the Arctic region / Nigel Bankes -- Marine scientific research in the Antarctic treaty system / Rene Lefeber -- Marine scientific research in the Arctic / Yoshinobu Takei -- Maritime security in the polar regions / Donald R. Rothwell -- Interactions between global and regional regimes: trends and prospects / Erik J. Molenaar, Donald R. Rothwell and Alex G. Oude Elferink..

Note: Preface -- Introduction -- The basic intertemporal model -- Capital markets imperfections -- Intertemporal prices -- Non-tradable goods and relative prices -- The basic monetary model -- The monetary approach to the balance of payments -- Temporary policy -- Sticky prices -- Interest rate policy -- Optimal fiscal and monetary policy in the open economy -- Optimal exchange rate regimes -- Real anchors -- Stopping high inflation -- Capital inflows -- Dollarization -- Balance of payment crises -- Financial crises.

Note: Table of Contents: Preface: Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean / Robert F. Cahalan. - Acknowledgments. - PLENARY SESSION. - UNION-HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND CURRENT TOPICS IN RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN / Conveners: R. F. Cahalan, W. Schmutz, B. J. Sohn, and J. Fischer. - 125 years of radiative transfer: Enduring triumphs and persisting misconceptions / Michael I. Mishchenko. - Active remote sensing of cloud microphysics / Hajime Okamoto. - MIPAS: 10 years of spectroscopic measurements for investigating atmospheric composition / Herbert Fischer. - Status of high spectral resolution IR for advancing atmospheric state characterization and climate trend benchmarking: A period of both opportunity realized and squandered / Henry Revercomb, Fred Best, Robert Knuteson, David Tobin, Joe Taylor, and Jon Gero. - Growing up MODIS: Towards a mature aerosol climate data record / Robert C. Levy. - Radiative transfer and regional climate change / Kuo-Nan Liou. - Ocean optics: The next frontier / George W. Kattawar. - PARALLEL SESSIONS. - RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY AND MODELING / Conveners: B. Mayer, A. Marshak, and J.-L. Widlowski. - Oral Presentations. - New approach for radiative transfer in sea ice and its application for sea ice satellite remote sensing / E. P. Zege, A. V. Malinka, I. L. Katsev, A. S. Prikhach, and G. Heygster. - The line-by-line and polarized Monte Carlo atmospheric radiative transfer model / B. A. Fomin and V. A. Falaleeva. - Hyperspectral retrieval of surface reflectances: A new scheme / Jean-Claude Thelen and Stephan Havemann. - Accelerations of the discrete ordinate method for nadir viewing geometries / Dmitry Efremenko, Adrian Doicu, Diego Loyola, and Thomas Trautmann. - The simulation of radar and coherent backscattering with the Monte Carlo model MYSTIC / Christian Pause, Robert Buras, Claudia Emde, and Bernhard Mayer. - The visibility of airborne volcanic ash from the flight deck of an aircraft - The effect of clouds in the field of view / Daniel Sauer, Josef Gasteiger, Claudia Emde, Robert Buras, Bernhard Mayer, and Bernadett Weinzierl. - Results of processing airborne NASA and Russian cloud data / Irina Melnikova, Jefwa M. Genya, and Charles K. Gatebe. - 3D radiative processes in satellite measurements of aerosol properties / Tamás Várnai, Alexander Marshak, Weidong Yang, and Guoyong Wen. - Assessment of cloud heterogeneities effects on brightness temperatures simulated with a 3D Monte Carlo code in the thermal infrared / Thomas Fauchez, Céline Cornet, Frédéric Szczap, and Philippe Dubuisson. - Parametric 3D atmospheric reconstruction in highly variable terrain with recycled Monte Carlo paths and an adapted Bayesian inference engine / Ian Langmore, Anthony B. Davis, Guillaume Bal, and Youssef M. Marzouk. - Remote sensing of particle size profiles from cloud sides: Observables and retrievals in a 3D environment / Florian Ewald, Tobias Zinner, and Bernhard Mayer. - Poster Presentations. - Characterization of cloud microphysical parameters using airborne measurements by the research scanning polarimeter / Mikhail D. Alexandrov, Brian Cairns, Michael I. Mishchenko, Andrew S. Ackerman, and Claudia Emde. - Solution of the radiative transfer equation by eliminating the anisotropic part within the method of synthetic iteration / Vladimir P. Budak and Oleg V. Shagalov. - The phase matrix truncation impact on polarized radiance / M. Compiègne, L. C-Labonnote, and P. Dubuisson. - Evaluation of cloud heterogeneity effects on total and polarized visible radiances as measured by POLDER/PARASOL and consequences for retrieved cloud properties / C. Cornet, F. Szczap, L. C.-Labonnote, T. Fauchez, F. Parol, F. Thieuleux, J. Riedi, P. Dubuisson, and N. Ferlay. - Retrieval of volcanic ash and ice cloud physical properties together with gas concentration from IASI measurements using the AVL model / S. Kochenova, M. De Mazière, N. Kumps, S. Vandenbussche, and T. Kerzenmacher. - Use of shadowband correction models for predicting direct solar irradiance / M. C. Kotti, A. A. Argiriou, and A. Kazantzidis. - Simulation of airborne radar observations of precipitating systems at various frequency bands / Valentin Louf, Olivier Pujol, and Jérôme Riedi. - Fast radiative transfer model to simulate spectroscopic measurements of outgoing IR radiances in cloudy conditions / Alexey Rublev and Anatoly Trotsenko. - Intercomparison of three microwave/infrared high resolution line-by-line radiative transfer codes / F. Schreier, S. Gimeno Garcia, M. Milz, A. Kottayil, M. Höpfner, T. von Clarmann, and G. Stiller. - Py4CAtS – Python tools for line-by-line modelling of infrared atmospheric radiative transfer / Franz Schreier and Sebastián Gimeno García. - Theory of weak spectral line formation within a plane-parallel atmosphere bounded from below by a reflecting underlying surface / Oleg I. Smokty. - Analytical spatial-angular structure of polarized radiation fields in a uniform atmospheric slab / Oleg I. Smokty. - The mirror symmetry principle for radiation fields in a vertically non-uniform atmospheric slab / Oleg I. Smokty. - A 3D polarized Monte Carlo LIDAR system simulator for studying effects of cirrus inhomogeneities on CALIOP/CALIPSO measurements / F. Szczap, C. Cornet, A. Alqassem, Y. Gour, L. C.-Labonnote, and O. Jourdan. - The significance analysis of FY-2E split window data for "clear region" AMVs derivation / Zhenhui Wang, Yizhe Zhan, Zhiguo Zhang, and Lu Yang. - PARTICLE RADIATIVE PROPERTIES / Conveners: T. Aoki, P. Di Girolamo, and H. Ishimoto. - Oral Presentations. - Retrieval of aerosol microstructure and radiative properties for moderate turbidity under conditions of Western Siberia / Tatiana B. Zhuravleva, Tatiana V. Bedareva, and Mikhail A. Sviridenkov. - Vertical resolved aerosol characterization during the GAMARF campaign: Aerosol size distribution and radiative properties / José Luis Gómez-Amo, Daniela Meloni, Alcide di Sarra, Tatiana DiIorio, Wolfgang Junkermann, Víctor Estellés, Giandomenico Pace, and Jeroni Lorente. - A novel, broadband spectroscopic method to measure the extinction coefficient of aerosols in the near-ultraviolet / Eoin M. Wilson, Jun Chen, Ravi M. Varma, John C. Wenger, and Dean S. Venables. - Aerosol characteristics at the Alpine site of Innsbruck, Austria / Sigrid Wuttke, Axel Kreuter, and Mario Blumthaler. - Comparison of modeled optical properties of Saharan mineral dust aerosols with SAMUM lidar and photometer observations / Josef Gasteiger and Matthias Wiegner. - A self-consistent high- and low-frequency scattering model for cirrus / Anthony J. Baran, Richard Cotton, Stephan Havemann, Laurent C.-Labonnote, and Franco Marenco. - Does scattered radiation undergo bluing within clouds? / I. Melnikova, T. Simakina, A. Vasilyev, C. Gatebe, and C. Varotsos. - Poster Presentations. - Numerical simulation of spectral albedos of glacier surfaces covered with glacial microbes in Northwestern Greenland / Teruo Aoki, Katsuyuki Kuchiki, Masashi Niwano, Sumito Matoba, Jun Uetake, Kazuhiko Masuda, and Hiroshi Ishimoto. - Development of a quality control algorithm for analysis of SKYNET data and an estimation of the single scattering albedo / Makiko Hashimoto and Teruyuki Nakajima. - Optical modeling of irregularly shaped ice particles in convective cirrus / Hiroshi Ishimoto, Kazuhiko Masuda, Yuzo Mano, Narihiro Orikasa, and Akihiro Uchiyama. - Optimizing the ice crystal scattering database for the GCOM-C/SGLI satellite mission / Husi Letu, Takashi Y. Nakajima, Takashi N. Matsui, and Yoshiaki Matsumae. - Synergetic retrieval of atmospheric aerosol from a combination of lidar and radiometer ground-based observations / Anton Lopatin, Oleg Dubovik, Anatoli Chaikovsky, Philippe Goloub, Didier Tanre, Pavel Litvinov, and Tatiana Lapyonok. - Satellite study over Europe to estimate the single scattering albedo and the aerosol opt

Note: Contents: Learning to Work with ØMQ ; Chapter 1 Basics ; Chapter 2 Sockets and Patterns ; Chapter 3 Advanced Request-Reply Patterns ; Chapter 4 Reliable Request-Reply Patterns ; Chapter 5 Advanced Publish-Subscribe Patterns ; Software Engineering Using ØMQ ; Chapter 6 The ØMQ Community ; Chapter 7 Advanced Architecture Using ØMQ ; Chapter 8 A Framework for Distributed Computing ; Chapter 9 Postface

Note: Pt. 1. Introduction -- pt. 2. The challenge and its history -- pt. 3. Science, society, and public opinion -- pt. 4. Social impacts -- pt. 5. Security -- pt. 6. Justice -- pt. 7. Publics and movements -- pt. 8. Government responses -- pt. 9. Policy instruments -- pt. 10. Producers and consumers -- pt. 11. Global governance -- pt. 12. Reconstruction..

Note: In rumänischer und englischer Sprache

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Kurzfassung Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Abbreviations List of Symbols 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and Scientific Setting 1.2 Motivation and Research Questions 1.3 Structure of Thesis 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF HYPERSPECTRAL AND SPECTRO-DIRECTIONAL REMOTE SENSING 2.1 Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Vegetation 2.2 Spectro-Directional Remote Sensing of Vegetation 2.3 The EnMAP Satellite System 2.4 Spectro-Goniometer Systems for the Ground-Based Measurement of BRDF Effects 3 THE TUNDRA PERMAFROST STUDY LOCATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT 3.1 The Eurasia Arctic Transect (EAT) 3.1.1 Geological and Climatic Setting 3.1.2 Vegetation 3.2 The North American Arctic Transect (NAAT) 3.2.1 Geological and Climatic Setting 3.2.2 Vegetation 4 OBSERVATIONS AND METHODOLOGY 4.1 Observations Used for this Study 4.1.1 The ECI-GOA-Yamal 2011 Expedition 4.1.2 The EyeSight- NAAT-Alaska 2012 Expedition 4.1.3 Data Used for Hyperspectral Characterization of Arctic Tundra 4.1.4 Data Used for Spectro-Directional Characterization of Arctic Tundra 4.2 Methodology Used for Field Work and Data Analysis 4.2.1 Field Spectroscopy and Hyperspectral Data Analysis 4.2.2 Considerations for the Field Spectro-Goniometer Measurements and the Spectro-Directional Data Analysis 5 DEVELOPMENT AND PRECOMMISSIONING INSPECTION OF THE MANTIS FIELD SPECTRO-GONIOMETER 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Theoretical Background 5.3 Description of the Field Spectro-Goniometer System 5.3.1 Construction Schedule 5.3.2 Description of the Field Spectro-Goniometer Platform (ManTIS) 5.3.3 Sensor Configuration of the AWI ManTIS Field Spectro-Goniometer 5.3.4 Measurement Strategy 5.3.5 Software for Semi-Automatic Control 5.4 Error Assessment 5.4.1 Radiometrical Accuracy 5.4.2 Pointing Accuracy 5.4.3 Ground Instantaneous Field of View and Sensor Self-Shadowing 5.4.4 Temporal Illumination Changes and Environmental Influences 5.5 Data Analysis 5.5.1 Data Processing 5.5.2 Data Visualization 5.6 Performance of ManTIS Field Spectro-Goniometer in the Field 5.6.1 Test Site and Experiment Setup 5.6.2 Results and Discussion 5.7 Conclusions and Outlook 6 HYPERSPECTRAL REFLECTANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF LOW ARCTIC TUNDRA VEGETATION 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Material & Methods 6.2.1 Study Area 6.2.2 Environmental Gradients/Zones and Vegetation Description 6.2.3 Data Acquisition and Pre-Processing 6.2.4 Data Analysis 6.3 Results 6.3.1 The Zonal Climate Gradient 6.3.2 Acidic Versus Non-Acidic Tundra (Soil pH Zones) 6.3.3 The Toposequence at Happy Valley (Subzone E) 6.3.4 The Soil Moisture Gradient at Franklin Bluffs (Subzone D) 6.4 Discussion 6.4.1 Overview of Field Characterization and Spectral Properties along the Gradients 6.4.2 Performance of Spectral Metrics and Vegetation Indices 6.5 Conclusions 7 RESULTS OF THE SPECTRO-DIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE INVESTIGATIONS 7.1 Overview of the Spectro-Directional Reflectance Characteristics of Low Arctic Tundra Vegetation 7.1.1 Representativeness of the Study Plots Representing Tundra Vegetation 7.1.2 Vaskiny Dachi – Bioclimate Subzone D 7.1.3 Happy Valley – Bioclimate Subzone E 7.1.4 Franklin Bluffs – Bioclimate Subzone D 7.2 Influence of High Sun Zenith Angles on the Reflectance Anisotropy 7.2.1 MAT (Happy Valley) 7.2.2 MNT (Franklin Bluffs) 7.3 Variability in Multi-Angular Remote Sensing Products of Low Arctic Tundra Environments 7.3.1 Spectro-Directional Variability of Different Low Arctic Plant Communities 7.3.2 Spectro-Directional Variability under Varying Sun Zenith Angles 8 DISCUSSION 8.1 The Hyperspectral Reflectance Characteristics of Tundra Vegetation in Context of the Spectro-Goniometer Measurements 8.2 Applicability of the ManTIS Field Spectro-Goniometer System 8.3 The Spectro-Directional Reflectance Characteristics of Tundra Vegetation 8.4 Variability in Reflectance Anisotropy at High Sun Zenith Angles 8.5 Applicability of Multi- Angular Remote Sensing Products for Arctic Tundra Environments 9 CONCLUSIONS & OUTLOOK Acknowledgments References Appendix Table of Contents of the Appendix References of the Appendix Statutory Declaration / Eidesstattliche Erklärung

Note: Table of content Abstract Zusammenfassung 1. Introduction 1.1. Motivation 1.2. Scientific Background 1.2.1. Permafrost in arctic environments 1.2.2. Carbon storage and emission in arctic environments 1.2.3. Methane cycling in arctic environments 1.3. Study Sites 1.3.1. Lena-Delta, Siberia 1.3.2. El’gygytgyn Crater Lake, Chukotka 1.4. Objectives and approach 1.5. Thesis organization 1.6. Summary of the included manuscripts and contribution of the co-authors 1.6.1. Response of methanogenic archaea to Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate changes in the Siberian Arctic 1.6.2. Response of microbial communities to landscape and climatic changes in a terrestrial permafrost sequence of the El’gygytgyn crater, Far East Russian Arctic 1.6.3. Glacial-interglacial microbial community dynamics in Middle Pleistocene sediments in the Lake El’gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic 2. Response of methanogenic archaea to Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate changes in the Siberian Arctic 2.1. Abstract 2.2. Introduction 2.3. Materials and Methods 2.3.1. Study site 2.3.2. Permafrost drilling and sample preparation 2.3.3. Sediment properties 2.3.4. Potential methane production rates 2.3.5. Lipid biomarker analysis 2.3.6. Detection of archaeol and isoprenoid GDGTs 2.3.7. Detection of PLFAs and PLELs 2.3.8. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification 2.3.9. Phylogenetic analysis 2.4. Results and Discussion 2.4.1. Methane profile of the Kurungnakh permafrost sequence 2.4.2. Signals of living microbial communities in the Kurungnakh permafrost sequence 2.4.3. Reconstruction of past microbial communities in the Kurungnakh permafrost sequence 2.4.4. Climate impact on the distribution of microbial communities in the Kurungnakh permafrost sequence 2.4.5. Climatic impact on the composition of methanogenic communities in the Kurungnakh permafrost sequence 2.5. Conclusion 2.6. Acknowledgement 3. Response of microbial communities to landscape and climatic changes in a terrestrial permafrost sequence of the El’gygytgyn crater, Far East Russian Arctic 3.1. Abstract 3.2. Introduction 3.3. Materials and Methods 3.3.1.Study site 3.3.2. Drilling and sample material 3.3.3. Sediment properties 3.3.4. Lipid biomarker analysis 3.3.5. Detection of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and archaeol 3.3.6. Detection of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) 3.3.7. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction and amplification 3.3.8. Quantitative PCR analysis of archaeal and bacterial small sub unit (SSU) rRNA genes 3.3.9. Phylogenetic analysis 3.4. Results 3.4.1. TOC-contents 3.4.2. Distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and archaeol 3.4.3. Distribution of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) 3.4.4. Composition of archaeol and isoprenoid GDGTs 3.4.5. Quantification of bacterial and archaeal genes 3.4.6. Analysis of methanogenic community fingerprints 3.5. Discussion 3.5.1. Microbial communities in subaquatic deposits 3.5.2. Microbial communities in subaerial deposits 3.5.3. Microbial succession in the Holocene sequence of Lake El’gygytgyn permafrost 3.6.Conclusion 3.7. Acknowledgements 4. Glacial-interglacial microbial community dynamics in Middle Pleistocene sediments in the Lake El’gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic 4.1. Abstract 4.2. Introduction 4.3. Materials and Methods 4.3.1. Study site 4.3.2. Drilling and sample preparation 4.3.3. Sediment properties 4.3.4. Lipid biomarker analyses 4.3.5. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) 4.3.6. PCR amplification of methanogenic SSU rRNA genes 4.4. Results 4.4.1. Sedimentary TOC and biogenic silica concentration 4.4.2. Quantification of bacterial and archaeal genes 4.4.3. Quantification and composition of lipid biomarkers 4.4.4. Potential methane production 4.4.5. Methanogenic community composition 4.5. Discussion 4.6. Acknowledgements 5. Synthesis 5.1. The reaction of microbial communities to past climatic change in the Arctic 5.2.The response of microbial communities to carbon composition and availability 5.3. Implications from this study for future research 6. Data collection 6.1. Manuscript I: Response of methanogenic archaea to Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate changes in the Siberian Arctic 6.1.1. Sediment properties 6.1.2. Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and archaeol 6.1.3. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers 6.1.4. Phospholipid ester and ether lipids (summary) 6.2. Manuscript II: Response of microbial communities to landscape and climatic changes in a terrestrial permafrost sequence of the El’gygytgyn crater, Far East Russian Arctic 6.2.1. Sediment properties and gene quantifications 6.2.2. Phospholipid fatty acids composition 6.2.3. Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and archaeol 6.2.4. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers 6.3. Manuscript III: Glacial-interglacial microbial community dynamics in Middle Pleistocene sediments in the Lake El’gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic 6.3.1. Sediment properties and gene quantifications 6.3.2. Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and archaeol 6.3.3. Branched glycerol dialkylglycerol tetraethers 7. References 8. Final thoughts and acknowledgements 9. Curriculum vitae 10.Erklärung

Note: Preface -- Introduction : the facts of economic growth -- The Solow model -- Empirical applications of neoclassical growth models -- The economics of ideas -- The engine of growth -- A simple model of growth and development -- Social infrastructure and long-run economic performance -- Population and the origin of sustained economic growth -- Alternative theories of endogenous growth -- Natural resources and economic growth -- Understanding economic growth -- Appendix A: Mathematical review -- Appendix B: Readings of interest -- Appendix C: Data on economic growth -- Bibliography -- Index..

Note: Contents Introduction PART I. PHYSICS OF UNDERGROUND ICE FORMATION Chapter 1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER AND ICE 1.1. Water 1.2. Crystalline structure of ice 1.3. Thermodynamics of water state and phase transitions 1.4. Latent heat of water phase transitions 1.5. Evaporation and sublimation of ice 1.6. Thermal characteristics of ice 1.7. Mechanical properties and temperature of ice Chapter 2. FORMATION OF THE CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF CONGELATION ICE 2.1. Nucleation and growth of ice crystals 2.2. Petrogenesis of underground ice 2.3. Influence of crystal habit and volume on the ice structure 2.4. Influence of solid surface on the ice structure 2.5. Influence of impurities in crystallizing water on the ice structure 2.6. Influence of the thermal conditions of water crystallization on the ice structure Chapter 3. DYNAMOMETAMORPHISM OF ICE 3.1. General principles of ice dynamometamorphism 3.2. Structural changes caused by ice deformation 3.3. Influence of impurities on structural changes caused by ice deformation 3.4. Structural peculiarities of glacial ice Chapter 4. METHODS OF STRUCTURE-GENETIC ANALYSIS OF UNDERGROUND ICE 4.1. Description of ice structure 4.2. Processing of petrographical data 4.3. Analysis and interpretation of structural data PART II. GENETIC TYPES OF UNDERGROUND ICE Chapter 5. ICE WEDGES 5.1. The theory of ice wedge genesis 5.2. Elementary ice veinlets and forms of ice wedge growth 5.3. Elementary ice veinlets and method of reconstruction of thermal ice formation conditions 5.4. Epigenetic ice wedges 5.5. Syngenetic ice wedges Chapter 6. SEGREGATED ICE Chapter 7. INJECTED ICE Chapter 8. BURIAL GLACIAL (MASSIVE) ICE 8.1. The theory of massive-ice genesis 8.2. Massive-ice bedding and structure 8.3. Basic-moraine ice (Ust'-PortVillage region) 8.4. Buried ice of terminal moraines (Ermakovo Village region) 8.5. Buried ice offluvioglacial sediments (Gydan Peninsula) 8.6. Buried ice of submarine sediments (Yamal Peninsula) 8.7. Typomorphic structural features of massive ice 8.8. General regularities of surface ice conservation in permafrost zone 8.9. Conclusions PART III. OXYGEN ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF UNDERGROUND ICE Chapter 9. OXYGEN ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF NATURAL WATERS 9.1. Oxygen isotopes in natural waters 9.2. Fractionation of oxygen isotopes in water 9.3. Oxygen isotope composition of atmospheric water 9.4. Seasonal variations in the oxygen isotope composition of atmospheric precipitation 9.5. Oxygen isotope composition of snow 9.6. Oxygen isotope composition of surface waters 9.7. Oxygen isotope composition of groundwaters Chapter 10. OXYGEN ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF ICE WEDGES 10.1. Oxygen isotope composition ofrecent alluvial ice wedges 10.2. Oxygen isotope composition of recent bog-lacustrine ice wedges 10.3. Oxygen isotope composition of recent offshore ice wedges 10.4. Fractionation of oxygen isotopes during water freezing in frozen cracks 10.5. Changes in the oxygen isotope composition of ice wedges caused by diffusion, sublimation, and condensation 10.6. Dependence of the oxygen isotope composition of recent ice wedges on winter temperature 10.7. Conservation of oxygen isotopes in ancient ice wedges 10.8. Representative oxygen isotope data obtained by analysis of ice samples from natural permafrost exposures 10.9. Oxygen isotope dating of ancient syngenetic ice wedges 10.10. Reconstruction of winter paleotemperatures from the oxygen isotope composition ofancient ice wedges of the Kolyma River lowland 10.11. Reconstruction ofpaleotemperatures from the oxygen isotope composition of key-section ice wedges of the Kolyma River lowland Chapter 11. OXYGEN ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF MASSIVE ICE 11.1. State of the art and problems of study of the oxygen isotope composition of massive ice 11.2. Results of study of the oxygen isotope composition of massive ice and their interpretation 11.3. Reconstruction of the paleogeography of massive-ice formation 11.4. Regional changes in the oxygen isotope composition of massive ice Chapter 12. OXYGEN ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF TEXTURE-FORMING ICE 12.1. Regularities of formation of the oxygen isotope composition oftextureforming ice in a seasonally thawed layer 12.2. Zonal and climatic factors of variations in the oxygen isotope composition of ice in a seasonally thawed layer 12.3. Geomorphologic and cryolithologic factors 12.4. Oxygen isotope composition of syngenetic segregated ice 12.5. Oxygen isotope composition of epigenetic segregated ice. PART IV. SPATIOTEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF UNDERGROUND ICE Chapter 13. SYSTEMATICS OF UNDERGROUND GLACIAL ROCKS 13.1. Underground ice and cryosphere 13.2. Underground ice and cryogenesis 13.3. Underground ice as a rock Chapter 14. PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF UNDERGROUND GLACIATION Chapter 15. ZONAL AND CLIMATIC STRUCTURE OF UNDERGROUND ICE 15.1. Principles of the spatiotemporal distribution ofunderground ice 15.2. Section structure of underground ice 15.3. Zonation of underground ice 15.4. Zone-regional scheme of underground ice PART V. GEOECOLOGY OF UNDERGROUND GLACIATION TERRITORY Chapter 16. GEOECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PERMAFROST ZONE 16.1. Geoecologic pecularities of underground glaciation 16.2. Geoecology and underground ice of the Arctic Region Chapter 17. PRINCIPLES OF STABILIZATION OF CRYOSYSTEMS AND THEIR EVOLUTION PROGNOSIS 17.1. Factors of cryosystem destruction 17.2. Experience of short-term geoecological prognosis of the Bovanenkovo gas field development (Yamal Peninsula) Conclusions References , Содержание Введение ЧАСТЬ 1. ФИЗИКА ПОДЗЕМНОГО ЛЬДООБРАЗОВАНИЯ Глава 1. ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ВОДЫ И ЛЬДА 1.1. Вода 1.2. Кристаллическая структура льда 1.3. Термодинамика состояния и фазовых переходов воды 1.4. Скрытая теплота фазовых превращений воды 1.5. Испарение и сублимация льда 1.6. Теплофизические характеристики льда 1.7. Механические свойства и температура льда Глава 2. ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ КОНЖЕЛЯЦИОННЫХ ЛЬДОВ 2.1. Зарождение и рост кристаллов льда 2.2. Петрогенез подземных льдов 2.3. Структурообразующая роль формы и объема кристаллизации 2.4. Структурообразующая роль твердой поверхности 2.5. Структурообразующая роль примесей в кристаллизующейся воде 2.6. Структурообразующая роль термических условий кристаллизации Глава 3. ДИНАМОМЕТАМОРФИЗМ ЛЬДА 3.1. Общие принципы динамометаморфизма льда 3.2. Структурные изменения в ходе деформации льда 3.3. Влияние примесей на структурные изменения в ходе деформации льда 3.4. Структурные особенности глетчерных льдов Глава 4. МЕТОДЫ СТРУКТУРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ЛЬДОВ 4.1. Описание структуры льда 4.2. Обработка петрографических данных 4.3. Анализ и интерпретация структурных данных ЧАСТЬ 11. ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ТИПЫ ПОДЗЕМНОГО ЛЬДА Глава 5. ЖИЛЬНЫЕ ЛЬДЫ 5.1. Состояние проблемы генезиса жильных льдов 5.2. Элементарные жилки и изначальные формы роста ледяных жил 5.3. Элементарные жилки и метод реконструкции температурных условий льдообразования 5.4. Эпигенетические жильные льды 5.5. Сингенетические жильные льды Глава 6. СЕГРЕГАЦИОННЫЕ ЛЬДЫ Глава 7. ИНЪЕКЦИОННЫЕ ЛЬДЫ Глава 8. ПОГРЕБЕННЫЕ ГЛЕТЧЕРНЫЕ (ПЛАСТОВЫЕ) ЛЬДЫ 8.1. Состояние проблемы генезиса пластовых льдов 8.2. Условия залегания и строение пластовых льдов 8.3. Льды основных морен (район пос. Усть-Порт) 8.4. Погребенные льды конечных морен (район пос. Ермакова) 8.5. Погребенные льды флювиогляциальных отложений (Гыданский полуостров) 8.6. Погребенные льды субаквальных отложений (полуостров Ямал) 8.7. Типоморфные особенности строения пластовых льдов 8.8. Общие закономерности консервации поверхностных льдов в криолитозоне 8.9. Выводы ЧАСТЬ III. ИЗОТОПНО-КИСЛОРОДНЫЙ СОСТАВ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ЛЬДОВ Глава 9. ИЗОТОПНО-КИСЛОРОДНЫЙ СОСТАВ ПРИРОДНЫХ ВОД 9.1. Изотопные компоненты природных вод 9.2. Фракционирование изотопного состава воды 9.3. Изотопный состав атмосферной влаги 9.4. Сезонные вариации изотопного состава атмосферных осадков 9.5. Изотопный состав снежного покрова 9.6. Изотопный состав поверхностных вод 9.7. Изотопный состав грунтовых вод Глава 10. ИЗОТОПНО-КИСЛОРОДНЫЙ СОСТАВ ЖИЛЬНЫХ ЛЬДОВ 10.1. Изотопно-кислородный состав современных жильных льдов аллювиальных отложений 10.2. Изотопно-кислородный состав современных жильных льдов озерно-болотных отложений 10.3. Изотопно-кислородный состав современных полигонально-жильных льдов прибрежно-морских отложений 10.4. Фракционирование изотопов кислорода при замерзании воды в морозобойной трещине 10.5. Изменение первичного изотопного состава жильных льдов под влиянием процессов диффузии, сублимации и конденсации льда 10.6. Зависимость изотопно-кислородного состава современных рост-ков жильного льда от зимней температуры воздуха 10.7. Сохранность изотопно-кислородной информации в древних жильных льдах 10.8. Представительность изотопно-кислородной информации, полученной при анализе образцов льда из естественных обнажений мерзлых пород 10.9. Датирование изотопно-кислородной информации древних синге-нетических жил льда 10.10. Реконструкция зимних палеотемператур воздуха по изотопии древних ледяных жил Колымской низменности 10.11. Реконструкция палеотемператур воздуха по изотопии жильных льдов опорных разрезов Колымской низменности Глава 11. ИЗОТОПНО-КИСЛОРОДНЫЙ СОСТАВ ПЛАСТОВЫХ ЛЬДОВ 11.1. Состояние и задачи исследований изотопно-кислородного состава пластовых льдов 11.2. Результаты опробования изотопно-кислородного состава пласто-вых льдов и их интерпретация 11.3. Реконструкция палеогеографических условий формирования изотопно-кислородного состава пластовых льдов 11.4. Региональные изменения изотопно-кислородного состава пласто-вых льдов Глава 12. ИЗОТОПНО-КИСЛОРОДНЫЙ СОСТАВ ТЕКСТУРООБРАЗУЮЩИХ ЛЬДОВ 12.1. Закономерности формирования изотопно-кислородного состава текстурообразующих льдов сезонноталого слоя 12.2. Зонально-климатические факторы вариаций изотопно-кислородного состава льда сезоннооттаивающего слоя 12.3. Геоморфологические и криолитогенные факторы 12.4. Изотопно-кислородный состав текстурообразующих льдов синкриогенных отложений 12.5. Изотопно-кислородный состав текстурообразующих льдов эпикриогенных отложений ЧАСТЬ IV. ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННО-ВРЕМЕННАЯ СТРУКТУРА ПОДЗЕМНОГО ОЛЕДЕНЕНИЯ Глава 13. СИСТЕМАТИКА ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ЛЕДЯНЫХ ГОРНЫХ ПОРОД 13.1. Подземные льды и криосфера 13.2. Подземные льды и криолитогенез 13.3. Подземные льды как горная порода Глава 14. ПАЛЕОГЕОГРАФИЯ ПОДЗЕМНОГО ОЛЕДЕНЕНИЯ Глава 15. ЗОНАЛЬНО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА ПОДЗЕМНОГО ОЛЕДЕНЕНИЯ 15.1. Принципы формирования пространственно-временной структуры подземного оледенения 15.2. Ярусность подземного льдообразования в разрезе мерзлой толщи 15.3. Зональность подземного оледенения 15.4. Зонально-региональная схема подземного оледенения ЧАСТЬ V. ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИИ ПОДЗЕМНОГО ОЛЕДЕНЕНИЯ Глава 16. ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ КРИОЛИТОЗОНЫ 16.1. Геоэкологическая специфика криолитозоны 16.2. Геоэкология Арктики и подземный лед Глава 17. ПРИНЦИПЫ СТАБИЛИЗАЦИИ И ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОГНОЗ ЭВОЛЮЦИИ ГЕОСИСТЕМ КРИОЛИТОЗОНЫ 17.1. Факторы дестабилизации геосистем криолитозоны 17.2. Опыт краткосрочного геоэкологического прогнозирования развития территории Бованенковского газоконденсатного месторождения (полуостров Ямал) Заключение Литература , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents Part I The Emirati Foreland and Foothills 1 Structural and stratigraphic evolution of Abu Dhabi in the context of Arabia / Ken W. Glennie 2 Architecture of the Oman–UAE ophiolite: evidence for a multi-phase magmatic history / K. M. Goodenough, M. T. Styles, D. Schofield, R. J. Thomas, Q. C. Crowley, R. M. Lilly, J. McKervey, D. Stephenson and J. N. Carney 3 New constrains on the thickness of the Semail ophiolite in the Northern Emirates / Charles Naville, Martine Ancel, Paul Andriessen, Patrice Ricarte and François Roure 4 The Jurassic–Cretaceous depositional and tectonic evolution of the southernwestern margin of the Neotethys Ocean, Northern Oman and United Arab Emirates / Emrys R. Phillips, Colin N. Waters and Richard A. Ellison 5 Forced folding of the neoautochthonous Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary sequence at the western end of the Hatta Zone, Northern Oman Mountains / Mohammed Warrak 6 Seismic stratigraphy and subsidence history of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) rifted margin and overlying foreland basins / M. Y. Ali, A. B. Watts and M. P. Searle 7 Depth seismic imaging using reflection and first arrival traveltime tomography: Application to a deep profile across the Northern Emirates Foothills / Anne Jardin, Karine Broto and Timothée Perdrizet 8 Forward kinematic modelling of a regional transect in the Northern Emirates using geological and apatite fission track age constraints on paleo-burial history / Mihai Tarapoanca, Paul Andriessen, Karine Broto, Louis Chérel, Nadine Ellouz-Zimmermann, Jean-Luc Faure, Anne Jardin, Charles Naville and François Roure 9 Paleo-fluids characterisation and fluid flow modelling along a regional transect in Northern United Arab Emirates (UAE) / Jean-Paul Callot, Liesbeth Breesch, Nicole Guilhaumou, François Roure, Rudy Swennen and Nadège Vilasi 10 Diagenesis of the Khuff Formation (Permian–Triassic), northern United Arab Emirates / Simone Fontana, Fadi H. Nader, Sadoon Morad, Andrea Ceriani and Ihsan S. Al-Aasm Part II The Zagros and Makran tectonic wedges 11 Evidence for mantle exhumation along the Arabian margin in the Zagros (Kermanshah area, Iran) / Jean-Christophe Wrobel-Daveau, Jean-Claude Ringenbach, Saeid Tavakoli, Geoffrey M. H. Ruiz, Pierre Masse and Dominique Frizon de Lamotte 12 Structural style of the Makran Tertiary accretionary complex in SE-Iran / J.-P. Burg, A. Dolati, D. Bernoulli and J. Smit 13 Preliminary fault analysis and paleostress evolution in the Makran Fold-and-Thrust Belt in Iran / A. Dolati and J.-P Burg Part III Seismic hazards in Saudi Arabia and adjacent Parts of the Arabian Plate 14 Improvement of seismicity parameters in the Arabian Shield and Platform Using earthquake location and magnitude calibration / A. M. Al-Amri and A. J. Rodgers 15 Seismotectonics and seismogenic source zones of the Arabian Platform / Abdullah M. Al-Amri 16 Seismic zones regionalization and hazard assessment of SW Arabian Shield and Southern Red Sea Region / M. A. Al-Malki and A. M. Al-Amri Part IV Yemen margins and the Gulf of Aden 17 The Cryogenian Arc formation and successive High-K calc-alkaline plutons of Socotra Island (Yemen) / Y. Denèle, S. Leroy, E. Pelleter, R. Pik, J-Y Talbot and K. Khanbarri 18 Sedimentary basins of Yemen: their tectonic development and lithostratigraphic cover / Mustafa Abdullatif As-Saruri, Rasoul Sorkhabi and Rasheed Baraba 19 Paleostress analysis of the volcanic margins of Yemen / Khaled Khanbari and Philippe Huchon 20 From rifting to oceanic spreading in the Gulf of Aden: A synthesis / Sylvie Leroy, Philippe Razin, Julia Autin, François Bache, Elia d’Acremont, Louise Watremez, Jérémy Robinet, Céline Baurion, Yoann Denèle, Nicolas Bellahsen, Francis Lucazeau, Frédérique Rolandone, Stéphane Rouzo, Josep Serra Kiel, Cécile Robin, François Guillocheau, Christel Tiberi, Clémence Basuyau, Marie-Odile Beslier, Cynthia Ebinger, Graham Stuart, Abdulhakim Ahmed, Khaled Khanbari, Ismaël Al-Ganad, Philippe de Clarens, Patrick Unternehr, Khalfan Al-Toubi and Ali Al-Lazki 21 Upper mantle anisotropy of Southeast Arabia passive margin [Gulf of Aden Northern conjugate margin], Oman / Ali Al-Lazki, Cindy Ebinger, Michael Kendall, George Helffrich, Sylvie Leroy, Christel Tiberi, Graham Stuart and Khalfan Al-Toobi Part V Geodynamic Modelling 22 Samovar: a thermomechanical code for modeling of geodynamic processes in the lithosphere—application to basin evolution / Yuriy Elesin, Taras Gerya, Irina M. Artemieva and Hans Thybo Biographies Index

Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig , Beiträge teilweise in Englisch

Note: Preface; Contributors; Content; Introduction; Cosmology - The Largest Possible Model?; The Standard Model of Cosmology as a Tool for Interpretation and Discovery; Patterns in Physical and Biological Systems; Symmetry and the Explanation of Organismal Form; Pluralistic Modeling of Complex Systems; The Methodological Challenges of Complex Systems; Contested Modeling: The Case of Economics; A Unifying Approach to High- and Low-Level Cognition; High-vs Low-Level Cognition and the Neuro- Emulative Theory of Mental Representation. , Evaluating a Computational Model of Eye-Movement Control in ReadingConsidering Criteria for Model Modification and Theory Change in Psychology; Identification of Kinetic Models by Incremental Refinement; Kinetics, Models, and Mechanism; Modeling Complexity: The Case of Climate Science; Chaos, Plurality, and Model Metrics in Climate Science; Subject Index; Author Index.

Note: Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; List of illustrations; Notes on contributors; Acknowledgements; 1 Socio-ecological transformations and the social sciences; PART I Challenges, contradictions and consequences of global socio-ecological change; 2 Ecological modernization theory: taking stock, moving forward; 3 The emergence of new world-systems perspectives on global environmental change; 4 China's economic growth and environmental protection: approaching a 'win-win' situation? A discussion of ecological modernization theory; 5 Eco-imperialism and environmental justice. , 6 Neoliberalism by design: changing modalities of market-based environmental governance7 Dilemmas for standardizers of sustainable consumption; PART II Climate change, energy and adaptation; 8 Climate, scenario-building and governance: comprehending the temporalities of social-ecological change; 9 From Rio to Copenhagen: multilateral agreements, disagreements and situated actions; 10 Marriage on the rocks: sociology's counsel for our struggling energy-society relationships; 11 Sustainability as social practice: new perspectives on the theory and policies of reducing energy consumption. , 12 Environmental migration: nature, society and population movementPART III Urban environmental change, governance and adaptation; 13 Climate change and urban governance: a new politics?; 14 Recovering the city level in the global environmental struggle: going beyond carbon trading; 15 Hybrid arrangements within the environmental state; 16 The new mobilities paradigm and sustainable transport: finding synergies and creating new methods; PART IV Risk, uncertainty and social learning; 17 Towards a socio-ecological foundation for environmental risk research. , 18 Uncertainty and claims of uncertainty as impediments to risk management19 Transboundary risk governance: co-constructing environmental issues and political solutions; 20 The role of professionals in managing technological hazards: the Montara blowout; 21 Social learning to cope with global environmental change and unsustainability; PART V (Re)assembling social-ecological systems; 22 The social-ecological co-constitution of nature through ecological restoration: experimentally coping with inevitable ignorance and surprise. , 23 Biological invasions as cause and consequence of 'our' changing world: social and environmental paradoxes24 Biological resources, knowledge and property; 25 Disassembling and reassembling socionatural networks: integrated natural resource management in the Great Bear Rainforest; 26 Land use tensions for the development of renewable sources of energy; Index.

Note: 1. Establishing geographies of the super-rich : axes for analysis of abundance / Iain Hay2. Economic wealth and political power in the second Gilded Age / John Rennie Short -- 3. Overseeing the fortunes of the global super-rich : the nature of private wealth management in London's financial district / Jonathan V. Beaverstock, Sarah J.E. Hall and Thomas Wainwright -- 4. 'The world needs a second Switzerland' : onshoring Singapore as the liveable city for the super-rich / Choon-Piew Pow -- 5. 'Super-rich' Irish property developers and the Celtic Tiger economy / Laurence Murphy and Pauline McGuirk -- 6. The homes of the super-rich : multiple residences, hyper-mobility and decoupling of prime residential housing in global cities / Chris Paris -- 7. A study of the dominance of the super-wealthy in London's West End during the nineteenth century / Kathryn Wilkins -- 8. The elite countryside : shifting rural geographies of the transnational super-rich / Michael Woods -- 9. The super-rich, horses and the transformation of the rural landscape in Kentucky / Susan M. Roberts and Richard H. Schein -- 10. The sport of kings, queens, sheikhs and the super-rich : thoroughbred breeding and racing as leisure for the super-rich / Phil McManus -- 11. Making art history -- wealthy private collectors and contemporary visual art / Melanie Fasche -- 12. Islanders, immigrants and millionaires : the dynamics of upper-class segregation in St. Barts, French West Indies / Bruno Cousin and Sébastien Chauvin..

Note: Text dt. und engl.

Note: Decken; Inhaltsverzeichnis; Titelblatt; Copyright; 1 Einleitung; 2 Bevor Sie mit der Fehlersuche loslegen; 2.1 Die wichtigsten Grundlagen der ICP OES zusammengefasst; 2.2 Allgemeine praktische Hinweise; 3 Die ""Symptomliste"; 3.1 Keine oder unzureichende Empfindlichkeit; 3.2 Kalibrierfunktion; 3.3 Die Messwerte sind falsch; 3.4 Die Messwerte schwanken (schlechte Präzision oder Drift); 3.5 Merkwürdige Peaks; 3.6 Hardware; 3.7 Gefahr im Verzug; 3.8 Bekannte Problemfälle; Stichwortverzeichnis.

Note: Table of Contents: Acronyms & Abbreviations. - Foreword. - Technical review by Dr. W. J. Langston. - Executive Summary. - 1. Introduction. - 1.2 Legislative background. - 1.2.1 International. - 1.2.2 Europe. - 1.2.3 Canada and the USA. - 1.3 Marine sediment contamination - background. - 1.4 Dredging processes. - 1.4.1 Environmental impacts of dredging. - 1.4.2 Effectiveness of dredging to improve environmental exposure to contaminants. - 1.4.3 Case studies. - 1.5 Environmental management of marine sediments. - 1.5.1 Environmental management systems. - 1.5.2 ISO 14001. - 1.5.3 Management techniques. - 1.6 Models and indices used in marine sediment analyses. - 1.7 Methodologies for spatial analysis in sediment dynamics and pollution dispersal. - 1.7.1 Uses of GIS in marine environment. - 1.7.2 Examples of GIS analysis methods for pollution management in the marine environment. - 1.7.3 Organising data. - 1.8 data needs and availability. - 1.8.1 Data needs. - 1.8.2 Data availability. - 1.9 Contaminated area database. - 2. Ecological implications of contaminated sediments. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Antifoul paints as pollutant sources and reservoirs. - 2.2.1 Background. - 2.3 Antifoul as a contaminant - sources. - 2.3.1 Background. - 2.3.2 Leaching. - 2.3.3 Shipyards. - 2.3.4 Recreational craft. - 2.3.5 Paint residue - macro scale. - 2.3.6 Paint residue - micro scale. - 2.3.7 Sediment disturbance. - 2.4 Antifoul as a contaminant - sinks, secondary sources and pathways. - 2.4.1 Background. - 2.4.2 Sediment sinks - legacy. - 2.4.3 Sediment sinks - residence. - 2.5 Biogeochemical pathways. - 2.6 Antifoul and ecological implications. - 2.7 Ecological effects of sediment antifoul. - 2.7.1 Species to community. - 2.7.2 Legacy, ecology and management. - 2.7.3 Port and harbour examples. - 2.8 Conclusions. - 3. Pilot area introduction and description. - 3.1 Elefsina Bay (Elefsis). - 3.2 Piraeus. - 3.2.1 Piraeus and areas to the west. - 3.2.2 Zea & Microlimano. - 3.3 Lavrio. - 3.4 Rafina. - 3.5 Summary. - 4. Sediment data collection methods & sampling. - 4.1 Sampling design. - 4.2 Sediment sampling procedure. - 4.3 Sediment sample pre-treatment. - 4.4 Chemical analysis. - 4.4.1 Total metal content. - 4.4.2 Metal partitioning in geochemical fractions. - 4.5 Data use. - 5. Database Design & Compilation. - 5.1 Data collection. - 5.2 Database structuring & display. - 5.3 Exploring the database. - 5.4 Summary. - 6. Spatial statistical analyses. - 6.1 Environmental quality guidelines for sediments. - 6.2 Interpolation of data. - 6.3 Cluster & Correlation analysis. - 6.4 Elefsina Bay (Elefsis). - 6.4.1 Geostatistical analysis - kriging. - 6.4.2 Cluster & correlation analysis. - 6.5 Piraeus port and marinas. - 6.5.1 Geostatistical analysis - kriging. - 6.5.2 Cluster & correlation analysis. - 6.6 Lavrio. - 6.6.1 Geostatistical analysis. - 6.6.2 Cluster & correlation analysis. - 6.7 Rafina. - 6.7.1 Cluster & correlation analysis. - 6.8 Conclusions. - 7. Discussion and Overview. - 7.1 Overview of study. - 7.2 Contaminated sediments and their environmental impact. - 7.3 Data availability. - 7.3.1 Summary data at global scale. - 7.3.2 Detailed locational data for analysis. - 7.4 Database development. - 7.5 Implications. - 7.6 Practical application. - 7.7 Funding opportunities for further study. - 7.8 Conclusions. - References. - Journals, Books & Conference Proceedings. - Web Sites. - Appendix A. - A Models and indices used in marine sediment analyses. - A1 Multivariate statistics. - A1.1 Principal component analysis. - A1.2 Cluster analysis. - A1.3 Partial Least squares analysis. - A1.4 Multivariate statistics. - A2 Indices. - A2.1 AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI). - A2.2 Benthic Quality Index (BQI). - A2.3 The Benthic Response Index. - A2.4 The Relative Benthic Index. - A2.5 The Index of Biotic (Biological) Integrity. - A3 Pollution dispersion modelling. - Appendix B. - B Cross-Validation statistics for simple Kriging analysis. - Appendix C. - C1 Using ArcGIS Explorer. - C2 Installing ArcGIS Explorer. - C3 Using ArcExplorer Desktop. - Appendix D. - About the authors.