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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (5,373)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 1990-1994  (7,385)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1993  (3,796)
  • 1991  (3,589)
Collection
Years
  • 1990-1994  (7,385)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1993-12-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Travis, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 10;262(5140):1646.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8259508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Toxins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Hemolysin Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mutagenesis ; *Protein Engineering
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1993-07-02
    Description: The photographs accompanying the Research News article "New Altzheimer's therapy suggested" by Jim Schnabel (18 June, p. 1719) were printed incorrectly so that their order was reversed. Joe Rogers appeared at the top, and Patrick McGeer below.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 2;261(5117):15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17750527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maienschein, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 15;254(5034):1050.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17731527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: The two mouse genes, En-1 and En-2, that are homologs of the Drosophila segmentation gene engrailed, show overlapping spatially restricted patterns of expression in the neural tube during embryogenesis, suggestive of a role in regional specification. Mice homozygous for a targeted mutation that deletes the homeobox were viable and showed no obvious defects in embryonic development. This may be due to functional redundancy of En-2 and the related En-1 gene product during embryogenesis. Consistent with this hypothesis, the mutant mice showed abnormal foliation in the adult cerebellum, where En-2, and not En-1, is normally expressed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joyner, A L -- Herrup, K -- Auerbach, B A -- Davis, C A -- Rossant, J -- HD25334/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS18381/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS20591/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1239-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1672471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cell Line ; Cerebellum/*anatomy & histology/embryology/pathology ; Chimera ; *Chromosome Deletion ; Female ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nervous System/embryology ; Phenotype
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1991-09-13
    Description: Three-dimensional (3-D) structural models of RNA are essential for understanding of the cellular roles played by RNA. Such models have been obtained by a technique based on a constraint satisfaction algorithm that allows for the facile incorporation of secondary and other structural information. The program generates 3-D structures of RNA with atomic-level resolution that can be refined by numerical techniques such as energy minimization. The precision of this technique was evaluated by comparing predicted transfer RNA loop and RNA pseudoknot structures with known or consensus structures. The root-mean-square deviation (2.0 to 3.0 angstroms before minimization) between predicted and control structures reveal this system to be an effective method in modeling RNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Major, F -- Turcotte, M -- Gautheret, D -- Lapalme, G -- Fillion, E -- Cedergren, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 13;253(5025):1255-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departement d'Informatique et de Recherche Operationnelle, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1716375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Anticodon/chemistry ; Base Sequence ; *Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA/*chemistry ; RNA, Transfer/*chemistry
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1991-03-29
    Description: Derivatives of the sunY self-splicing intron efficiently catalyzed the synthesis of complementary strand RNA by template-directed assembly of oligonucleotides. These ribozymes were separated into three short RNA fragments that formed active catalytic complexes. One of the multisubunit sunY derivatives catalyzed the synthesis of a strand of RNA complementary to one of its own subunits. These results suggest that prebiotically synthesized oligonucleotides might have been able to assemble into a complex capable of self-replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doudna, J A -- Couture, S -- Szostak, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 29;251(5001):1605-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1707185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; *Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism ; RNA/*biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Catalytic/*metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Tetrahymena/*genetics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guyer, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 21;252(5013):1591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17751949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-04-05
    Description: Calcium salts are strong taste stimuli in vertebrate animals. However, the chemosensory transduction mechanisms for calcium are not known. In taste buds of Necturus maculosus (mud puppy), calcium evokes depolarizing receptor potentials by acting extracellularly on the apical ends of taste cells to block a resting potassium conductance. Therefore, divalent cations elicit receptor potentials in taste cells by modulating a potassium conductance rather than by permeating the cell membrane, the mechanism utilized by monovalent cations such as sodium and potassium ions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bigiani, A R -- Roper, S D -- 2 POI NS 20486/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 2 RO1 NS24107/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 5 RO1 AG06557/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 5;252(5002):126-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2011748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cadmium/pharmacology ; Calcium/*physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Potentials ; Necturus ; Potassium/*physiology ; Potassium Channels/*physiology ; Taste/*physiology ; Tetraethylammonium Compounds/pharmacology ; Tongue/physiology
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-04-19
    Description: For self-splicing of Tetrahymena ribosomal RNA precursor, guanosine binding is required for 5' splice-site cleavage and exon ligation. Whether these two reactions use the same or different guanosine-binding sites has been debated. A double mutation in a previously identified guanosine-binding site within the intron resulted in preference for adenosine (or adenosine triphosphate) as the substrate for cleavage at the 5' splice site. However, splicing was blocked in the exon ligation step. Blockage was reversed by a change from guanine to adenine at the 3' splice site. These results indicate that a single determinant specifies nucleoside binding for both steps of splicing. Furthermore, it suggests that RNA could form an active site specific for adenosine triphosphate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Been, M D -- Perrotta, A T -- GM-40689/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 19;252(5004):434-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2017681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Exons ; Guanosine/metabolism ; *Introns ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Mutagenesis ; RNA Precursors/chemistry/genetics ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Catalytic/metabolism ; Tetrahymena/genetics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-09-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DA Silva, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 20;253(5026):1426.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17793485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 8;251(4994):622.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17741366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schlesinger, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 17;252(5008):1009-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17843259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maliszewski, C R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 31;252(5010):1321-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1718034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD/*immunology ; Antigens, CD14 ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/*immunology ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides/*immunology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Monocytes/immunology
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 25;251(4992):376.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17775092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guyer, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 31;252(5010):1227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17842935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Selvin, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 28;252(5014):1781-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17753244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 25;251(4992):376.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17775093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 1991-09-27
    Description: Images of the disk of Venus, taken at wavelengths between 8 and 22 micrometers, were obtained a few days after the Galileo spacecraft's closest approach on 8 February 1990; these images show variations in the thickness of the main H(2)SO(4) cloud deck and the overlying temperature structure. Several features are qualitatively similar to those of earlier observations, such as a hot region at the south pole, surrounded by a cold ;;collar,'' and brightening toward the lower latitudes, where low-contrast banding appears. The collar does have a northern counterpart that is warmer, however. Equatorial limb darkening is quantitatively similar to that of previous observations; fairly constant at wavelengths up to 20 micrometers, where limb darkening increases substantially. In contrast to what was found in previous observations, polar and equatorial limb darkening are nearly the same at most wavelengths. A longitudinal variation is observable that is consistent with a wavenumber-2 behavior and a brightness maximum near local midnight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orton, G S -- Caldwell, J -- Friedson, A J -- Martin, T Z -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 27;253(5027):1536-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17784097" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉M, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 19;252(5004):367.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17740924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dietz, P E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 1;251(4993):498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17840841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-03-15
    Description: The abdominal ganglion of the marine mollusk Aplysia contains a pair of identified neuronal clusters, the bag cells, which control egg laying by means of a number of unique regulatory mechanisms. Each neuron in the bag cell clusters synthesizes several peptides derived from a single prohormone and packages them into separate vesicles. These vesicles are then differentially localized in specific neuronal processes, thus segregating peptides destined for autocrine and hormonal release sites. Therefore in this system, protein trafficking through the secretory pathway organizes multiple peptide neurochemical messengers to efficiently regulate simple behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jung, L J -- Scheller, R H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 15;251(4999):1330-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Beckman Center, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2003219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aplysia/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Invertebrate Hormones/genetics/*metabolism ; Neuropeptides/*physiology ; Neurosecretory Systems/*physiology ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Transfection
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bird, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):849.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17751811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 23
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-11-29
    Description: Molecular dynamics simulations in three dimensions of particles that self-assemble to form two-dimensional, membrane-like objects are presented. Anisotropic, multibody forces, chosen so as to mimic real interactions between amphiphilic molecules, generate a finite rigidity and compressibility of the assembled membranes, as well as a finite line tension at their free edges. This model and its generalizations can be used to study a large class of phenomena taking place in fluctuating membranes. For instance, both fluid and solid-like phases, separated by a phase transition, are obtained and some of the large-scale properties of these membranes studied. In particular, thermal undulations of quasi-spherical fluid vesicles are analyzed, in a manner similar to recent experiments in lipid systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Drouffe, J M -- Maggs, A C -- Leibler, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 29;254(5036):1353-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Service de Physique Theorique de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1962193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computer Simulation ; Mathematics ; Membranes/*ultrastructure ; *Models, Structural ; Thermodynamics
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bird, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 31;252(5010):1248.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17842941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 9;253(5020):621.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17772358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 15;254(5034):941.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*microbiology ; Biological Evolution ; HIV-1/*genetics ; Humans
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 1991-06-28
    Description: Of the 26 well-preserved orders of benthic marine invertebrates that have originated since the beginning of the Mesozoic, 20 first appear in onshore environments. This distribution differs significantly from that shown by well-preserved genera and families, and by the 16 poorly preserved orders. These discordances suggest that the pattern of preferential onshore origination is not an artifact of preservation or collection and that the origin of higher taxa cannot be regarded as a simple extrapolation of rates and patterns at lower levels. The onshore environment fosters production or enhances survivorship of species that initiate lineages tending to accumulate suites of derived characters and that thus are ultimately afforded high taxonomic rank.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jablonski, D -- Bottjer, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 28;252(5014):1831-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17753259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 1;251(4993):508-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1990424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *Morale ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 9;253(5020):621.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17772356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉K, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 5;252(5002):33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17739064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 1991-06-07
    Description: The reaction of bis(benzene)vanadium with tetracyanoethylene, TCNE, affords an insoluble amorphous black solid that exhibits field-dependent magnetization and hysteresis at room temperature. The critical temperature could not be estimated as it exceeds 350 kelvin, the thermal decomposition temperature of the sample. The empirical composition of the reported material is V(TCNE)x.Y(CH(2)Cl(2)) with x approximately 2 and Y approximately 1/2. On the basis of the available magnetic and infrared data, threedimensional antiferromagnetic exchange of the donor and acceptor spins resulting in ferrimagnetic behavior appears to be the mode of magnetic coupling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manriquez, J M -- Yee, G T -- McLean, R S -- Epstein, A J -- Miller, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 7;252(5011):1415-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17772914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 18;251(4991):275.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17733283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: The evolutionary significance of protein polymorphisms has long been debated. Exponents of the balanced theory advocate that selection operates to maintain polymorphisms, whereas the neoclassical school argues that most genetic variation is neutral. Some studies have suggested that protein polymorphisms are not neutral, but their significance has been questioned because one cannot eliminate the possibility that linked loci were responsible for the observed differences. Evidence is presented that an enzymatic phenotype can affect carbon flow through a metabolic pathway. Glucose flux differences between lactate dehydrogenase-B phenotypes of Fundulus heteroclitus were reversed by substituting the Ldh-B gene product of one homozygous genotype with that of another.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiMichele, L -- Paynter, K T -- Powers, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):898-900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1876847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/enzymology ; Genotype ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Isoenzymes ; Killifishes/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Kinetics ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/*genetics/metabolism ; Lactates/metabolism ; Lactic Acid ; Microinjections ; Phenotype ; Swine
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 1991-12-13
    Description: Analysis of globally disordered, nonequilibrium "labyrinthine" stripe-domain patterns in thin ferrimagnetic garnet films has revealed a well-defined local structure containing an oblong polygonal plaquette as the fundamental motif. Two types of labyrinths were found: one having topological defects, the other composed of a single, unbranched, meandering line. These patterns emerge when the labyrinthine state is approached either by heating at constant magnetic field or by demagnetizing from saturation at constant temperature. Size and aspect ratios of the oblong polygonal plaquettes prove to be independent of the choice of these two mutually orthogonal trajectories within the phase diagram, which is surprising in view of the different mechanisms and concomitant topological constraints governing the evolution of disorder. The significance of this unique local structure is discussed in the general context of defectmediated melting of two-dimensional stripe phases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seul, M -- Monar, L R -- O'gorman, L -- Wolfe, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 13;254(5038):1616-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17782211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-08-09
    Description: Nucleation, growth, and dissolution of crystals have been studied by stereochemical approach involving molecular recognition at interfaces. A methodology is described for using ;;tailor-made'' additives designed to interact stereospecifically with crystal surfaces during growth and dissolution. This procedure was instrumental in controlling crystal morphology and in revising the concept of the structure and symmetry of solid solutions. Consequently, it was applied to the transformation of centrosymmetric single crystals into solid solutions with polar arrangement displaying second-harmonic generation and to the performance of asymmetric synthesis of guest molecules inside centrosymmetric host crystals. The method has led to a discovery of a new ;;relay'' mechanism explaining the effect of solvent on crystal growth. Finally, it allowed for the design of auxiliary molecules that act as promoters or inhibitors of crystal nucleation that can be used to resolve enantiomers and crystallize desired polymorphs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weissbuch, I -- Addadi, L -- Leiserowitz, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 9;253(5020):637-45.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17772367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-05-10
    Description: In many regions of Asia and Africa, consanguineous marriages currently account for approximately 20 to 50% of all unions, and preliminary observations indicate that migrants from these areas continue to contract marriages with close relatives when resident in North America and Western Europe. Consanguinity is associated with increased gross fertility, due at least in part to younger maternal age at first livebirth. Morbidity and mortality also may be elevated, resulting in comparable numbers of surviving offspring in consanguineous and nonconsanguineous families. With advances in medicine and public health, genetic disorders will account for an increased proportion of disease worldwide. Predictably, this burden will fall more heavily on countries and communities in which consanguinity is strongly favored, as the result of the expression of deleterious recessive genes. However, studies conducted in such populations indicate that the adverse effects associated with inbreeding are experienced by a minority of families.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bittles, A H -- Mason, W M -- Greene, J -- Rao, N A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 10;252(5007):789-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉King's College, University of London.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2028254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology ; *Consanguinity ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Infertility ; Marriage ; Maternal Age ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Regression Analysis ; Sexual Behavior/*statistics & numerical data
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉K, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 15;251(4999):1315.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17816184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 8;254(5033):791.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neoplasms ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 18;251(4991):328.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17733296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-07-19
    Description: To execute voluntary movements, the central nervous system must transform the neural representation of the direction, amplitude, and velocity of the limb, represented by the activity of cortical and subcortical neurons, into signals that activate the muscles that move the limb. This task is equivalent to solving an "ill-posed" computational problem because the number of degrees of freedom of the musculoskeletal apparatus is much larger than that specified in the plan of action. Some of the mechanisms and circuitry underlying the transformation of motor plans into motor commands are described. A central feature of this transformation is a coarse map of limb postures in the premotor areas of the spinal cord. Vectorial combination of motor outputs among different areas of the spinal map may produce a large repertoire of motor behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bizzi, E -- Mussa-Ivaldi, F A -- Giszter, S -- AR26710/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- NS09343/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 19;253(5017):287-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1857964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Central Nervous System/*physiology ; Extremities ; Models, Biological ; Motor Activity ; Movement/*physiology ; Muscles/innervation/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Posture
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-02-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duesberg, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 15;251(4995):724.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1990434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Research Design ; Virology/*methods
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-08-09
    Description: In Kirk M. Wolter's Policy Forum ;;Accounting for America's uncounted and miscounted'' (5 July, p. 12), there were two errors. The ;;Net undercount (%)'' expression in the left column of page 13 should have read [See equation in the PDF file].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 9;253(5020):609.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17772351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-02-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉K, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 15;251(4995):747.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17775453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 18;251(4991):275.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17733282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉M, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 5;252(5002):21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17739055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254(5031):511-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control ; Humans ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services ; World Health Organization
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: The presence of clathrate hydrates in cometary ice has been suggested to account for anomalous gas release at large radial distances from the sun as well as the retention of volatiles in comets to elevated temperatures. However, how clathrate hydrates can form in low-pressure environments, such as in cold interstellar molecular clouds, in the outer reaches of the early solar nebula, or in cometary ices, has been poorly understood. Experiments performed with the use of a modified electron microscope demonstrate that during the warming of vapor-deposited amorphous ices in vacuo, clathrate hydrates can form by rearrangements in the solid state. Phase separations and microporous textures that are the result of these rearrangements may account for a variety of anomalous cometary phenomena.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blake, D -- Allamandola, L -- Sandford, S -- Hudgins, D -- Freund, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254:548-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Planetary Biology Branch, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11538372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Crystallography ; Earth (Planet) ; Hydrocarbons/chemistry ; Ice/*analysis ; *Meteoroids ; Microscopy, Electron ; *Solar System
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉K, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 25;251(4992):383.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17775101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 1991-05-31
    Description: An in vivo selection system for isolating targets of DNA binding proteins in yeast was developed and used to identify the DNA binding site for the NGFI-B protein, a member of the steroid-thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. The feasibility of the technique was verified by selecting DNA fragments that contained binding sites for GCN4, a well-characterized yeast transcriptional activator. The DNA binding domain of NGFI-B, expressed as part of a LexA-NGFI-B-GAL4 chimeric activator, was then used to isolate a rat genomic DNA fragment that contained an NGFI-B binding site. The NGFI-B response element (NBRE) is similar to but functionally distinct from elements recognized by the estrogen and thyroid hormone receptors and the hormone receptor-like proteins COUP-TF, CF1, and H-2RIIBP. Cotransfection experiments in mammalian cells demonstrated that NGFI-B can activate transcription from the NBRE with or without its putative ligand binding domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, T E -- Fahrner, T J -- Johnston, M -- Milbrandt, J -- NS01018/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA49712/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 31;252(5010):1296-300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Fungal/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1 ; Plasmids ; *Protein Kinases ; Rats ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; Receptors, Steroid ; Repressor Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; *Serine Endopeptidases ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 9;253(5020):611.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1871595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Confidentiality ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Scientific Misconduct ; United States
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benedict, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):311-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17787976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 4;254(5028):23-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; United States
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉K, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 11;251(4990):162.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17836942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 1991-01-25
    Description: Fractionation of transcription extracts has led to the identification of multiple transcription factors specific for each form of nuclear RNA polymerase. Accurate transcription in vitro of the yeast U6 RNA gene by RNA polymerase C requires at least two factors. One of them was physically and functionally indistinguishable from transcription factor IID (TFIID or BTF1), a pivotal component of polymerase B transcription complexes, which binds to the TATA element. Purified yeast TFIID (yIID) or bacterial extracts that contained recombinant yIID were equally competent to direct specific transcription of the U6 gene by RNA polymerase C. The results suggest the formation of a hybrid transcription machinery, which may imply an evolutionary relation between class B and class C transcription factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Margottin, F -- Dujardin, G -- Gerard, M -- Egly, J M -- Huet, J -- Sentenac, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 25;251(4992):424-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departement de Biologie, Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1989075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins ; RNA Polymerase III/*metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA, Small Nuclear/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; TATA Box/*genetics ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Factor TFIID ; Transcription Factor TFIIIB ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; *Transcription Factors, General ; *Transcription, Genetic ; *Transcriptional Elongation Factors
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉K, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 11;251(4990):161.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17836941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 27;253(5027):1483.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1896856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 1991-11-15
    Description: Nitric oxide (NO), a multifaceted bioregulatory agent and an environmental pollutant, can also cause genomic alterations. In vitro, NO deaminated deoxynucleosides, deoxynucleotides, and intact DNA at physiological pH. That similar DNA damage can also occur in vivo was tested by treating Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 with three NO-releasing compounds, including nitroglycerin. All proved mutagenic. Observed DNA sequence changes were greater than 99% C----T transitions in the hisG46 (CCC) target codon, consistent with a cytosine-deamination mechanism. Because exposure to endogenously and exogenously produced NO is extensive, this mechanism may contribute to the incidence of deamination-related genetic disease and cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wink, D A -- Kasprzak, K S -- Maragos, C M -- Elespuru, R K -- Misra, M -- Dunams, T M -- Cebula, T A -- Koch, W H -- Andrews, A W -- Allen, J S -- N01-CO-74102/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 15;254(5034):1001-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Codon ; *DNA Damage ; DNA, Bacterial/*chemistry ; Deamination ; Mutagenesis ; Nitric Oxide/*chemistry ; Salmonella typhimurium
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 1991-09-20
    Description: CD45 is a leukocyte-specific, transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) required for T cell responsiveness. How the activity of PTPases is regulated in vivo is unclear. Treatment of murine thymocytes and a variety of murine T cell lines with the calcium ionophore ionomycin decreased CD45 PTPase activity. Ionomycin treatment also led to a decreased phosphorylation of serine residues in CD45. These results indicate that increased intracellular calcium modulates CD45 PTPase activity, demonstrating regulation of CD45 PTPase activity in vivo, and also implicate serine dephosphorylation as a possible mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostergaard, H L -- Trowbridge, I S -- CA-17733/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 20;253(5026):1423-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1654595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD45 ; Cell Line ; Histocompatibility Antigens/*metabolism ; Ionomycin/*pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/*metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; Spleen/drug effects/enzymology/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*enzymology/immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 30;253(5023):952.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1887223" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; *Divorce ; *Emotions ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Mental Disorders/*epidemiology/etiology ; *Psychology, Child ; United States
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 11;251(4990):214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17836952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blume, S S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 11;251(4990):211-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17836951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guyer, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1155.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17799265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 2;253(5019):508.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17745179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 1991-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaner, R J -- Baird, A -- Florklewicz, R Z -- Mansukhani, A -- Basilico, C -- Hajjar, D P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 12;253(5016):209-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17779135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guyer, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 8;251(4994):603.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17741356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 1991-10-18
    Description: The kinetics of the primary event in vision have been resolved with the use of femtosecond optical measurement techniques. The 11-cis retinal prosthetic group of rhodopsin is excited with a 35-femtosecond pump pulse at 500 nanometers, and the transient changes in absorption are measured between 450 and 580 nanometers with a 10-femtosecond probe pulse. Within 200 femtoseconds, an increased absorption is observed between 540 and 580 nanometers, indicating the formation of photoproduct on this time scale. These measurements demonstrate that the first step in vision, the 11-cis----11-trans torsional isomerization of the rhodopsin chromophore, is essentially complete in only 200 femtoseconds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schoenlein, R W -- Peteanu, L A -- Mathies, R A -- Shank, C V -- EY 02051/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32EY07043/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 18;254(5030):412-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Lasers ; Light ; Photochemistry ; Rhodopsin/*chemistry/*radiation effects ; Spectrophotometry ; Stereoisomerism ; Time Factors ; Vision, Ocular/physiology
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guyer, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 8;254(5033):775.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17787150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guyer, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 1;254(5032):627.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17774774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 8;251(4994):615.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17741359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 1991-08-02
    Description: Mammalian 3T3-L1 cells differentiate into adipocytes after continuous exposure to pharmacological doses of insulin or physiological doses of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1). Expression of transfected ras oncogenes led to differentiation of these cells into adipocytes in the absence of externally added insulin or IGF-I. Cells transfected with normal ras genes or the tyrosine kinase trk oncogene did not differentiate. Transfection with a dominant inhibitory ras mutant resulted in inhibition of differentiation. Exposure of untransfected 3T3-L1 cells to insulin stimulated formation of the active Ras.GTP complex. These observations indicate that Ras proteins participate in signal transduction pathways initiated by insulin and IGF-I in these cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benito, M -- Porras, A -- Nebreda, A R -- Santos, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 2;253(5019):565-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1857988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*cytology ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; *Genes, ras ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; *Transfection
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sheets, M F -- Hanck, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 19;252(5004):449-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1850170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Dogs ; Electric Conductivity ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Permeability ; Purkinje Fibers/physiology ; Sodium Channels/drug effects/*physiology
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 1991-05-03
    Description: A transition state analogue was used to produce a mouse antibody that catalyzes transesterification in water. The antibody behaves as a highly efficient catalyst with a covalent intermediate and the characteristic of induced fit. While some features of the catalytic pathway were programmed when the hapten was designed and reflect favorable substrate-antibody interactions, other features are a manifestation of the chemical potential of antibody diversity. The fact that antibodies recapitulate mechanisms and pathways previously thought to be a characteristic of highly evolved enzymes suggests that once an appropriate binding cavity is achieved, reaction pathways commensurate with the intrinsic chemical potential of proteins ensue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wirsching, P -- Ashley, J A -- Benkovic, S J -- Janda, K D -- Lerner, R A -- GM43858-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 3;252(5006):680-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2024120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Alcohols/metabolism ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology/*metabolism ; Antibody Specificity ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; *Catalysis ; Enzymes/metabolism ; Esterification ; Haptens ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Water
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 2;253(5019):508.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17745178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: Rap1A is a low molecular weight guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein in human neutrophil membranes whose cellular function is unknown. Rap1A was found to form stoichiometric complexes with the cytochrome b558 component of the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system. The (guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP-gamma-S)-bound form of Rap1A bound more tightly to cytochrome b558 than did the guanosine diphosphate-bound form. No complex formation was observed between cytochrome b558 and H-Ras-GTP-gamma-S or Rap1A-GTP-gamma-S that had been heat-inactivated, nor between Rap1A-GTP-gamma-S and hydrophobic proteins serving as controls. Complex formation between Rap1A-GTP-gamma-S and cytochrome b558 was inhibited by phosphorylation of Rap1A with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase. These observations suggest that Rap1A may participate in the structure or regulation of the NADPH oxidase system and that this function of the Rap1A protein may be altered by phosphorylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bokoch, G M -- Quilliam, L A -- Bohl, B P -- Jesaitis, A J -- Quinn, M T -- 5RO126711/PHS HHS/ -- GM39434/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM44428/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1794-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1763330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Chromatography, Gel ; Cytochrome b Group/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/*metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase ; Neutrophils/enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/isolation & purification/metabolism ; rap GTP-Binding Proteins
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marland, G -- Turhollow, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 13;253(5025):1194.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17831421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wise, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 25;251(4992):457-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17775115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 2;253(5019):499.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17745176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 1991-12-30
    Description: Two de novo insertions of truncated L1 elements into the factor VIII gene on the X chromosome have been identified that produced hemophilia A. A full-length L1 element that is the likely progenitor of one of these insertions was isolated by its sequence identity to the factor VIII insertion. This L1 element contains two open-reading frames and is one of at least four alleles of a locus on chromosome 22 that has been occupied by an L1 element for at least 6 million years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dombroski, B A -- Mathias, S L -- Nanthakumar, E -- Scott, A F -- Kazazian, H H Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1805-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1662412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Factor VIII/*genetics ; Genome, Human ; Hemophilia A/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Restriction Mapping ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; X Chromosome
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benner, S A -- Ellington, A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 31;252(5010):1232.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1718033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; RNA/*genetics
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guyer, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 22;251(4996):851.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17847363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1719-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1763320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*economics/prevention & control/therapy ; Female ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-11-29
    Description: Cell membranes often are patchy, composed of lateral domains. These domains may be formed by barriers within or on either side of the membrane bilayer. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1 molecules that were either transmembrane- (H-2Db) or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored (Qa2) were labeled with antibody-coated gold particles and moved across the cell surface with a laser optical tweezers until they encountered a barrier, the barrier-free path length (BFP). At room temperature, the BFPs of Qa2 and H-2Db were 1.7 +/- 0.2 and 0.6 +/- 0.1 (micrometers +/- SEM), respectively. Barriers persisted at 34 degrees C, although the BFP for both MHC molecules was fivefold greater at 34 degrees C than at 23 degrees C. This indicates that barriers to lateral movement are primarily on the cytoplasmic half of the membrane and are dynamic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edidin, M -- Kuo, S C -- Sheetz, M P -- AL14584/PHS HHS/ -- GM 36277/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 29;254(5036):1379-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1835798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Glycolipids/physiology ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols ; Gold ; H-2 Antigens/*physiology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*physiology ; *Lipid Bilayers ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositols/physiology ; Thermodynamics ; Transfection
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-02-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guyer, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 15;251(4995):719.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17775429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 1991-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuthrich, K -- von Freyberg, B -- Weber, C -- Wider, G -- Traber, R -- Widmer, H -- Braun, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 15;254(5034):953-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Biophysik, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule-Honggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Isomerases/*ultrastructure ; Carrier Proteins/*ultrastructure ; *Cyclosporine/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ligands ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase ; Protein Binding
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 11;251(4990):159.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17836936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 1991-08-02
    Description: Through numerical simulation and consideration of phonon scattering by two-level states, the heat conductivity kappa(T), where T is temperature, has been calculated on model structures. The values obtained are in good quantitative agreement with measured data on polymethylmethacrylate, epoxy, amorphous selenium, and amorphous silicon dioxide over the temperature range 0.1 to 100 K. The calculated results reproduce the plateau feature, in the range of 5 to 20 K, that is generic to the heat conductivity of amorphous solids. Two model parameters, one characterizing the degree of structural disorder and the other related to the relaxational absorption of two-level states, are identified as being responsible for the behavior of kappa(T) at T 〉/= 5 K. The simulation results indicate the existence of a frequency-independent phonon diffusion regime that is consistent with the minimum phonon mean-free-path hypothesis. The magnitude of the phonon diffusion constant in this regime is shown to give a reasonable quantitative account of high-temperature kappa(T) in amorphous systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sheng, P -- Zhou, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 2;253(5019):539-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17745186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-11-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witkowski, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 29;254(5036):1395-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17773609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 2;253(5019):509.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1857980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Health Policy ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/*epidemiology/etiology ; United States ; United States Public Health Service
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guyer, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 4;254(5028):7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17739939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeffery, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 1;251(4997):1115-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17802096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-07-26
    Description: Most of our familiar statistical methods, such as hypothesis testing, linear regression, analysis of variance, and maximum likelihood estimation, were designed to be implemented on mechanical calculators. Modern electronic computation has encouraged a host of new statistical methods that require fewer distributional assumptions than their predecessors and can be applied to more complicated statistical estimators. These methods allow the scientist to explore and describe data and draw valid statistical inferences without the usual concerns for mathematical tractability. This is possible because traditional methods of mathematical analysis are replaced by specially constructed computer algorithms. Mathematics has not disappeared from statistical theory. It is the main method for deciding which algorithms are correct and efficient tools for automating statistical inference.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Efron, B -- Tibshirani, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 26;253(5018):390-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17746394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-11-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 22;254(5035):1102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17776399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 1991-02-01
    Description: Tochilinite, an ordered mixed-layer mineral containing Mg, Al, Fe, Ni, S, and O, has been identified in an interplanetary dust particle (IDP). This mineral is found in only one other class of meteoritic materials, type CM carbonaceous chondrites. The presence of tochilinite in an IDP provides a direct petrogenetic link between a member of the layer-silicate subset of IDPs and a specific class of meteorites and thus establishes that some IDPs collected in the stratosphere have an asteroidal origin. The scarcity of this IDP type suggests that materials with CM mineralogy are not abundant among the dust-producing asteroids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bradley, J P -- Brownlee, D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 1;251(4993):549-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17840867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elaerts, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 15;251(4999):1299.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17816168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-11-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brauman, J I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 29;254(5036):1277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17773572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brauman, J I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 4;254(5028):9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17739940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-03-22
    Description: A cellular DNA binding protein, LBP-1, sequentially interacts in a concentration-dependent manner with two sites that surround the transcriptional initiation site of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) promoter. Although sequences in the downstream site (site I) were found to enhance transcription, purified LBP-1 specifically repressed transcription in vitro by binding to the upstream site (site II), which overlaps the TATA element. The binding of human TATA binding factor (TFIID) to the promoter before LBP-1 blocked repression, suggesting that repression resulted from an inhibition of TFIID binding to the TATA element. Furthermore, mutations that eliminated binding to site II both prevented repression in vitro and increased HIV-1 transcription in stably transformed cells. These findings suggest that a cellular factor regulates HIV-1 transcription in a manner that is characteristic of bacterial repressors and that this factor could be important in HIV-1 latency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kato, H -- Horikoshi, M -- Roeder, R G -- AI27397/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA42567/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 22;251(5000):1476-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2006421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; HIV-1/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics ; Transcription Factor TFIID ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 4;254(5028):24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cost Control ; Government Agencies/*economics ; Research Support as Topic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-01-04
    Description: Transmission electron microscopy of experimentally deformed amphibolite suggests that submicroscopic intracrystalline tubes formed around linear defects may be a previously unrecognized kind of diffusion pathway. Deformed and compositionally altered plagioclase and amphibole crystals include moderate densities of linear defects that morphologically resemble unit dislocations but display unusual contrast. During prolonged electron irradiation, the core regions of the defects expand to well-defined tubes that are approximately 20 nanometers in diameter. Both observations suggest that the regions about the defect cores are glassy and were filled with silicate-water fluid during the experiments. Intracrystalline transport along these tubes would likely be several orders of magnitude faster than traditionally conceived processes of solid-state volume diffusion, grain-boundary solvent transfer, and ordinary pipe diffusion along dislocation cores.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hacker, B R -- Christie, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 4;251(4989):67-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17778603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guyer, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 11;251(4990):139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17836920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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