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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (639)
  • Engineering General  (570)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994
  • 1985-1989  (1,209)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1988  (1,209)
Collection
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994
  • 1985-1989  (1,209)
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A local boundary integral equation method for potential problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2517-2529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Boundary integral equation (boundary element) methods have the advantage over other commonly used numerical methods that they do not require values of the unknowns at points within the solution domain to be computed. Further benefits would be obtained if attention could be confined to information at one small part of the boundary, the particular region of interest in a given problem. A local boundary integral equation method based on a Taylor series expansion of the unknown function is developed to do this for two-dimensional potential problems governed by Laplace's equation. Very accurate local values of the function and its derivatives can be obtained. The method should find particular application in the efficient refinement of approximate solutions obtained by other numerical techniques.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620261110
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A class of data structures for 2-D and 3-D adaptive mesh refinement (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2607-2622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A ‘family’ of tree data structures for adaptive mesh refinement is described and details concerning the associated logic are provided. The data structures encompass triangular elements and quadrilateral elements in two dimensions and quadrilateral bricks in three dimensions. Furthermore, both linear (bilinear) and quadratic (biquadratic) element types, respectively, are developed. Representative refinement results are given for the bilinear, trilinear and biquadratic types and associated performance studies made for the refinement procedure.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620261203
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A solid-shell transition element for geometrically non-linear analysis of laminated composite structures (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1843-1854 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Using the incremental equations of motion of a continuous medium and the total Lagrangian description, three different elements, i.e. degenerated shell element, 3-D continuum element and solid-shell transition element, are developed for the geometrically non-linear analysis of laminated composite structures. Compatibility and completeness requirements are stressed in modelling shell-type structures in order to assure the convergence of the finite element analysis. A number of laminated plate and shell examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of various elements.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260811
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  • 4
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    Further numerical methods in basic, R. E. Scraton, 1986. no. of pages: 221 (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1907-1907 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260815
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    A steepest edge active set algorithm for solving sparse linear programming problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2671-2685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A steepest edge active set algorithm is described which is suitable for solving linear programming problems where the constraint matrix is sparse and has more rows than columns. The algorithm uses a steepest edge criterion for selecting the search direction at each iteration and recurrence relations are derived which enable it to execute efficiently. The canonical form for the active set method is convenient for many applications and may be exploited to devise a simple crash procedure which is employed prior to phase one. A complete two-phase algorithm which incorporates the crash procedure is outlined. Only one artificial variable is needed to determine if the linear programming problem has a feasible solution in phase one. Some computational results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm for a range of sparse linear programming problems. Comparisons between the steepest edge criterion and the traditional Dantzig criterion suggest that the former usually requires fewer iterations and often leads to substantial savings for large problems.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620261207
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    On the computation of two-dimensional stress intensity factors using the boundary element method (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2739-2753 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: General two-dimensional linear elastic fracture problems are investigated using the boundary element method. The √r displacement and 1/√r traction behaviour near a crack tip are incorporated in special crack elements. Stress intensity factors of both modes I and II are obtained directly from crack-tip nodal values for a variety of crack problems, including straight and curved cracks in finite and infinite bodies. A multidomain approach is adopted to treat cracks in an infinite body. The body is subdivided into two regions: an infinite part with a finite hole and a finite inclusion. Numerical results, compared with exact solution whenever possible, are accurate even with a coarse discretization.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620261211
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Announcement (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1240-1240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260518
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260601
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  • 9
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    Exact numerical solutions for radiative heat transfer in cylindrical furnaces (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1201-1212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Exact expressions for the distributions of the components of radiative flux density and the radiative energy source term in terms of wall and medium temperature distributions have been formulated for an emitting absorbing medium of constant properties bounded by black walls of a cylindrical enclosure. The accuracy of numerical solutions has been tested on an idealized enclosure for which exact analytical solution of the expressions is possible and shown to have six-figure accuracy. The exact expressions have then been solved numerically for an enclosure problem based on data reported previously on a large scale experimental furnace. The principal feature of the data is highly non-uniform temperature distributions which are typical of the conditions encountered in industrial furnaces. These data have been chosen because of their practical importance and the non-availability of exact solutions for such data. The resulting exact solutions have been tabulated and are intended to serve in the future as standards for testing the accuracy of the approximate predictions produced using various three-dimensional flux models in cylindrical configurations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260513
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  • 10
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    Non-local and semi-local optimal weighting functions for symmetric problems involving a small parameter (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1281-1298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The method of optimal weighting functions for symmetric problems is described in a general form. It is based on a Petrov-Galerkin formulation in which the best approximation property and other mathematical features are achieved for a chosen norm, different from the original ‘energy norm’ of the problem. The nonlocality of the weighting functions is shown to have only a minor effect on the efficiency of the method, although a localization scheme is also suggested. The method is applied to a one- and two-dimensional singular perturbation problems, as well as to a cylindrical shell problem.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260605
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  • 11
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    A new BEM formulation for the acoustic eigenfrequency analysis (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1299-1309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new boundary element formulation has been developed for two- and three-dimensional acoustic eigenfrequency analyses. The formulation is based on the well known method of constructing a solution of a differential equation in terms of a complementary function and particular integral. An advanced isoparametric implementation with automatic error control in the integration is used. A number of realistic examples of application to automotive acoustic cavities are described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260606
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    A new finite-volume approach with adaptive upwind convection (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1325-1343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new finite-volume approach is developed and applied to the two-dimensional continuity and convective-diffusive energy equations. The variation of the field variables is approximated by bi-quadratic interpolation formulae over the space occupied by the finite volume and the region surrounding it. These are used in the integral conservation laws for energy and mass. The convective transport is modelled using a new upstream-weighting approach which uses volume averages for the energy transported across the boundaries of the finite volume. The weighting is dependent on the skewness of the velocity field to the surfaces of the finite volume as well as its strength. It is adaptive to local flow conditions. Two test cases are treated which have exact solutions. The first is not new and involves a rotating shaft. The errors are less than 0.06 per cent for this case. The second case is new and involves convection past a source and sink. In contrast to the first case, the global Peclet number is a strong parameter, and cell Peclet numbers (Peh) range from 0 to 20. The maximum error is 2.3 per cent for Peh = 4, and there is no evidence of numerical diffusion for even the largest value of Peh. For both test cases, the maximum error occurs at moderate values of Peh and diminishes at the extreme low and high values.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260608
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Buckling of multi-lamellae compression flanges of welded I-beams: A unilateral elasto-plastic plate-stability problem (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1403-1431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Buckling of compression flanges of welded I-beams consisting of more than one lamella is characterized by partial loss of contact between the lamella welded to the web and the neighbouring lamella. The boundaries of the contact regions of the buckling modes of the two lamellae are originally unknown. Thus, the present elasto-plastic plate-stability problem is coupled with a contact problem. It represents a unilateral problem because eigenforms with penetrations of lamellae are physically impossible. This problem is solved first for the elastic material domain. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is used for determining symmetric eigenforms. A finite-strip technique is employed for determining unsymmetric eigenforms. The solution of the unilateral elastic plate-buckling problems serves as the starting point for the iterative solution of the corresponding elasto-plastic plate-stability problem. The buckling pressures obtained are compared with corresponding buckling stresses resulting from a classical design procedure disregarding the interaction of the lamellae at buckling.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260612
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260701
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Finite element analysis of viscoelastic solids responding to periodic disturbances (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1471-1483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element analysis for viscoelastic solids responding to periodic disturbances travelling at constant speed is developed. The disturbance is decomposed into harmonic components using the Discrete Fourier Series, and the viscoelastic material response is determined using the Correspondence principle. The procedure is used to solve two and three dimensional contact problems to demonstrate its effectiveness.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260702
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Perspective projection of non-convex polyhedra (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1485-1506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An algorithm is presented for removing hidden lines for isometric and perspective projections of three-dimensional objects. An object can be regarded as being made up of a number of planes, and the whole picture can therefore be visualized as only a collection of planes. Considering planes as the basic element of a picture, non-convex polyhedra can be displayed directly without prior subdivisions into convex ones. Lines connecting nodal points are first retrieved from the model to be plotted by a simple but efficient technique. On the picture planes, each unique line is examined in turn to see if it is totally or partially hidden. The intersections between a unique line and a projected plane (with or without openings) are determined by a new method which, even in the presence of numerical errors, will always give correct intersection information. Unlike many classical algorithms, intersections are determined by a single formula without tedious case subdivisions. With little additional calculations, object penetrations can also be tackled.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260703
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Finite element solution of a boundary integral equation for mode I embedded three-dimensional fractures (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1525-1540 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The singular integral equation governing the opening of a mode I embedded three-dimensional fracture in an infinite solid was solved by applying the finite element method. The strategy is to formulate the equation into weak form, and to transfer the differentiation from the singular term, 1/r, in the equation to the test function. A numerical algorithm was thus developed. The numerical solutions for circular and elliptical fractures under the action of polynomial pressure distributions were compared with the analytical solutions by Green and Sneddon,12 Irwin,13 Shah and Kobayashi14 and Nishioka and Atluri.16 The results have demonstrated that the numerical method reported is accurate and efficient.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260705
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  • 18
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    The specified boundary stiffness/force SBSF method for finite element subregion analysis (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1567-1578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is difficult to analyse a large, complex structure in sufficient detail to obtain accurate results everywhere. One approach is simply to refine the whole structure model in the regions of interest. Another approach is to identify a subregion of the structure and develop a separate refined model of the subregion. It is difficult to assure accuracy in this subregion model because of uncertainties in specifying boundary conditions and loading from the whole structure model solution. In the current literature, three methods other than whole model refinement have been described to deal with this problem. These are called the specified boundary displacement method, the linear constraint method and the zooming method.This paper describes a new approach to this problem of modelling subregions. This approach uses the stiffnesses and forces from the whole model solution at the nodes on the boundary of the sub-region model. Accurate displacement and stress solutions are obtained with this method as it takes into account the interaction between the new stiffness of the subregion and the rest of the structure. This approach is similar to substructuring; however, the equations outside the subregion are discarded rather than condensed out, which results in much less computation effort.Examples of the application of this method to the problem of a plate with a centre hole in tensile loading are presented. The results compared favourably with the results of the same problem solved using other methods, with significant improvement in accuracy over the specified boundary displacement method. Also presented are some results from design modification of the subregion which illustrate the potential of this method for redesign application.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260708
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  • 19
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    A third-order semi-implicit finite difference method for solving the one-dimensional convection-diffusion equation (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1615-1629 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A third-order semi-implicit five-point finite difference method is developed to solve the one-dimensional convection-diffusion equation, using the ‘weighted’ modified equation method. It is shown to have a large stability region, to be very accurate and computationally fast.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260711
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  • 20
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    Two dimensional combined convection in vertical parallel plate ducts, including situations of flow reversal (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1645-1664 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Numerical solutions are presented for the problem of steady laminar combined convection flows in vertical parallel plate ducts. Axial diffusion is neglected in the analysis and the resulting governing equations, which are of a parabolic nature, are expressed in an implicit finite difference scheme using a vorticity-stream function formulation and are solved using a marching technique. A constant wall temperature boundary condition is used and investigations are restricted to the case Pr = 0.72. A large range of values of the ratio Gr/Re is considered, -300 ≤ Gr/Re ≤ 70, and comparisons are made with the case of pure forced convection. For large values of the ratio |Gr/Re| reverse flow occurs in the duct. A modification to the standard marching technique is introduced and complete solutions are achieved for these situations for the first time. Results are presented in terms of velocity profiles, Nusselt numbers, friction factors and temperature distributions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260713
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  • 21
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    Conference diary (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1685-1688 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260717
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  • 22
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    A self-adaptive co-ordinate transformation for efficient numerical evaluation of general boundary element integrals (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1683-1684 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260715
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  • 23
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    Announcement (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260802
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  • 24
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    Machine locking of degenerated thin shell elements (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1749-1768 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The degenerated shell element is one of the most efficient elements for analysing shell structures. However, it is known to result in rather stiff models when used in thin element applications. The phenomena associated with this behaviour are known as locking phenomena.This paper analyses the machine locking mechanism developed in thin to very thin Lagrangian and serendipity elements. The machine related locking phenomenon is distinguished from the shear and membrane locking phenomena. A remedy for the pure machine locking problem is developed for the two elements. The proposed remedy is based on the technique of the modified transverse shear modulus. It is also extended to control shear locking. The proposed technique is shown to completely eliminate machine locking. Also, it is shown to effectively alleviate stiffening effects due to the presence of spurious shear strain.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260806
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  • 25
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    Reanalysis procedure for large structural systems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1729-1748 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An efficient procedure is presented for repetitive analysis of structures, with large numbers of degrees of freedom and design variables, as they are progressively modified during the automated optimum design process. The three key elements of the procedure are: (a) lumping of the large number of design variables into a single tracing parameter; (b) operator splitting or additive decomposition of the different arrays in the governing finite element equations of the modified structure into the corresponding arrays of the original structure plus correction terms; and (c) application of a reduction method through the successive use of the finite element method and the classical Bubnov-Galerkin technique. The reanalysis procedure is applied to the linear static and free vibration problems of framed structures. Changes in both the sizing and shape (configuration) design variables are considered. For static problems the similarities between the proposed procedure and the preconditioned conjugate gradient technique are identified and are exploited to provide a physical meaning for the preconditioned residual vectors. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is demonstrated by means of numerical examples.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260805
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  • 26
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    Time-domain transient elastodynamic analysis of 3-D solids by BEM (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1709-1728 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The numerical implementation of the Direct Boundary Element formulation for time-domain transient analysis of three-dimensional solids is presented in a most general and complete manner. The present formulation employs the space and time dependent fundamental solution (Stokes' solution) and Graffi's dynamic reciprocal theorem to derive the boundary integral equations in the time domain. A time-stepping scheme is then used to solve the boundary initial value problem by marching forward in time. Higher order shape functions are used to approximate the field quantities in space as well as in time, and a combination of analytical (time-integration) and numerical (spatial-integration) integration is carried out to form a system of linear equations. At the end of each time step, these equations are solved to obtain the unknown field quantities at that time.Finally, the accuracy and reliability of this algorithm is demonstrated by solving a number of example problems and comparing the results against the available analytical and numerical solution.
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    Non-local yield limit degradation (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1805-1823 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Presented is a new type of a non-local continuum model which avoids problems of convergence at mesh refinement and spurious mesh sensitivity in a softening continuum characterized by degradation of the yield limit. The key idea, which has recently been proposed in a general context and has already been applied to softening damage due to stiffness degradation, is to apply the non-local concept only to those parameters which cause the degradation while keeping the definition of the strains local. Compared to the previously advanced fully non-local continuum formulation, the new approach has the advantage that the stresses are subjected to the standard differential equations of equilibrium and standard boundary or interface conditions. The new formulation exhibits no zero-energy periodic modes, imbrication of finite elements is unnecessary and finite elements with standard continuity requirements are sufficient. Two-dimensional finite element solutions with up to 3248 degrees of freedom are presented to document convergence and efficacy. The formulation is applied to tunnel excavation in a soil stabilized by cement grouting, with the objective of preventing cave-in (burst) of the tunnel sides due to compression softening.
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    Formulations in rates and increments for elastic-plastic analysis (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2031-2048 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Minimum principles in velocities, stress rates and plastic strain rates are extended in order to derive formulations for finite increments of displacement, stress and plastic strain fields defining complete numerical methods. Kinematical, statical and mixed principles are developed from a new variational formulation of the elastic-plastic work-hardening constitutive relation.The consequences of this time discretization are discussed independently of any discretization of the continuum. In particular, the incremental formulations derived from extended rate principles account for local elastic unloading and produce stress field approximations complying with equilibrium and plastic admissibility without any additional procedure, at least for piecewise linear yield functions. These properties are not fulfilled when the incremental analysis is based on direct discrete versions of classical rate principles.Finally, FEM approximations are formally introduced and the solution of the resulting finite dimensional quadratic optimization problem is considered.
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    A new BEM formulation for tow- and three-dimensional elastoplasticity using particular integras (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2079-2096 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: New two- and three-dimensional boundary element formulations are developed for elastoplastic stress analysis. These new procedures differ from previous work in that volume integration is not required to incorporate the non-linear effects in the analysis. Instead, initial stess rates are introduced in the boundary element system via particular integrals.The present formulation is implemented in a general purpose, multi-region system, and examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and versatility of the method.
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    Conference diary (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2129-2132 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260915
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    Announcements (1988)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2133-2134 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260916
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620261001
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    Modified trapezoidal quadratures and accurate potential evaluation for numerical solutions of S.I.E's on the unit circle (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2115-2128 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Plane elasticity problems that can be reduced to singular integral equations over the unit circle are considered, the method of using a dislocation density function ω(σ) is adopted. First, the trapezoidal approximation is modified for the evaluation of the contour integral ∮ y [ω(σ)/(σ - z)]dσ at the complex field point z; extra correction terms for known singularities of ω(z) can easily be determined from the error expression. Based on the quadratures obtained, expressions for the accurate evaluation of the potentials are derived using their analyticity properties. The numerical techniques proposed are used for the solution of the problem of an infinite plate weakened by a circular hole and subjected to a dislocation.
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    Finite element Euler computations in three dimensions (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2135-2159 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An explicit finite element solution procedure for the three dimensional Euler equations is presented. The solution domain is automatically meshed using a tetrahedral mesh generator which is an extension of our previous two dimensional work. Several examples are included to illustrate the performance of the generator and solver. An adaptive mesh regeneration procedure is used for the first time in three dimensions.
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    Sizing design sensitivity analysis of non-linear structural systems. Part II: Numerical method (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2097-2114 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A numerical method is presented to carry out sizing design sensitivity calculations outside established finite element analysis codes, using postprocessing data only. Geometric as well as material non-linearities are treated. To demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method, numerical results are presented for structural systems with linear elastic material, large displacements, large rotations and small strains. A distributed parameter approach to structural design sensitivity analysis is used to retain the continuum elasticity formulation throughout the derivation of design sensitivity results. Using this approach and an adjoint variable method, design sensitivity computations are carried out. For structural performance functionals stress and displacement are considered.It is shown that computations can be performed with the same computational effort as for sizing design sensitivity analysis of linear structural systems. Accurate design sensitivity results are obtained for both linear and non-linear structural systems without the uncertainty of numerical accuracy and high cost associated with the selection of finite difference perturbations. Also, the method does not require differentiation of element stiffness and mass matrices in conventional finite element models.
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    Non-smooth multisurface plasticity and viscoplasticity. Loading/unloading conditions and numerical algorithms (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2161-2185 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Rate-independent plasticity and viscoplasticity in which the boundary of the elastic domain is defined by an arbitrary number of yield surfaces intersecting in a non-smooth fashion are considered in detail. It is shown that the standard Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions lead to the only computationally useful characterization of plastic loading. On the computational side, an unconditionally convergent return mapping algorithm is developed which places no restrictions (aside from convexity) on the functional forms of the yield condition, flow rule and hardening law. The proposed general purpose procedure is amenable to exact linearization leading to a closed-form expression of the so-called consistent (algorithmic) tangent moduli. For viscoplasticity, a closed-form algorithm is developed based on the rate-independent solution. The methodology is applied to structural elements in which the elastic domain possesses a non-smooth boundary. Numerical simulations are presented that illustrate the excellent performance of the algorithm.
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    A fractal patch test (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2199-2210 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Element consistency is generally checked using the patch test on an element patch of finite size. This condition may in certain cases be too restrictive, and disqualifies elements that appear to be convergent. A method termed ‘fractal patch test’ is presented, in which the patch size is maintained constant while the distorted mesh is refined. Examples are given for four-node quadrilateral elements used in plane stress and strain analysis, and for plate bending elements.
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    A method for modelling microstructural material discontinuities in a finite element analysis (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2187-2197 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: A new method is proposed for studying the effects of various microstructural material discontinuities, within a body, in a finite element analysis. The material discontinuities are accounted for by introducing a transformation strain in those regions. This formulation leads to two matrix equations; the first corresponds to the finite element analysis of the body without material discontinuities, and the second accounts for the microstructure. An important feature of the new method is that the first equation is solved only once, then the second equation can be solved repetitively for different microstructures. Thus, it is possible to study the effect of different microstructures within the body without reanalysing the entire body. It is expected that this method will be particularly useful in materials research to study the mechanisms that occur in materials at the microstructural level.The transformation strain formulation is reviewed, and the matrix equations for the new method are derived. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the versatility of the new method.
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    Prediction of incidence effects on oscillating airfoil aerodynamics by a locally analytical method (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2227-2238 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A complete mathematical model is formulated to analyse the effects of mean flow incidence angle on the unsteady aerodynamics of an oscillating airfoil in an incompressible flow field. A velocity potential formulation is utilized. The steady flow is independent of the unsteady flow field. However, the unsteady flow is coupled to the steady flow field through the boundary conditions on the oscillating airfoil. The numerical solution technique for both the steady and unsteady flow fields is based on a locally analytical method. In this method, analytical solutions are incorporated into the numerical technique, with the discrete algebraic equations which represent the differential flow field equations obtained from analytic solutions in individual local computational grid elements. This flow model and locally analytic numerical solution method are then verified through the excellent correlation obtained with the Theodorsen oscillating flat plate and Sears transverse gust classical solutions. The effects of mean flow incidence on the steady and oscillating airfoil aerodynamics are then investigated.
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    A finite element model for the analysis of flexibly connected steel frames (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2239-2254 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A finite element model for the non-linear analysis of flexibly connected steel frames is proposed. The element is regarded as an assemblage of individual parts whose behaviour is described in terms of generalized stresses and strains. Displacements and plastic strain fields are independently modelled. The former are a function of 13 nodal parameters and constitute a typical application of a hierarchical procedure. The latter are modelled over the cross section, along the element and in the six springs located at the ends of the beam. Examples to show the importance of considering the non-linear behaviour of the connections in the frame analysis are proposed.
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    Geometric stiffness of thin-walled open section beams using a semiloof beam formulation (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2267-2278 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A geometric stiffness formulation is presented for thin-walled open section beams using semiloof elements. The validity of the formulation is confirmed by performing torsional and lateral initial stability (buckling) analyses of beams. Results are compared with classical solutions.
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    Paradox lost: Natural boundary conditions in the Ritz-Galerkin method (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2255-2266 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: We present a simple calculation which seems at first to yield erroneous results when natural boundary conditions are not enforced. Our example is the static deformation of a cantilever beam under uniform loading. The corresponding variational principle is established and two applications of the Rayleigh-Ritz-Galerkin method are made.(1)The deflection is expanded in a series of cosines. The energy is rendered stationary subject to all boundary conditions, geometric and natural (they are imposed through Lagrange multipliers). The resulting function is exactly the Fourier cosine expansion of the true deflection-which is a fourth-degree polynomial.(2)The deflection is again expanded in a cosine series but now the natural boundary conditions are ignored. The resulting series does not converge to the true solution.Owing to the simplicity of the coefficients, exact summations are possible and the discrepancy is clear. The disagreement is large, and the object of the paper is to decide which method is right.
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    An assessment of flow oriented schemes for reducing ‘false diffusion’ (1988)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2279-2304 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An important limiting factor in the accurate modelling of fluid flow problems is the numerical representation of the convection terms in the Navier-Stokes equations. This paper reviews several approaches used to approximate the convection terms and reduce the so-called false-diffusion errors, within the context of finite-difference and finite-volume methods. Numerical errors are characterized as those due to discretization of the differential terms and those due to the influence of the multidimensional nature of the flow. Necessary criteria are identified which a numerical scheme must satisfy, if it is to be a candidate, at least in terms of accuracy and practicality, for the successful solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. One of the criteria is the need of the scheme to account explicitly for the multidimensionality of the flow in the transport of scalar variables. All schemes except Raithby's SKEW approximation are deficient in this respect. However, the SKEW scheme does not satisfy some of the other criteria and does not always perform well. A new scheme called CUPID (Corner UPwInDing), which is based on the ideas of the SKEW scheme, yet obeys more of the criteria identified above, is described. The scheme is tested on a series of discriminating test problems which, the authors contend, demonstrate its potential for practical use in solving accurately the Navier-Stokes equations.
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    Announcements (1988)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2351-2353 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    A parallel element-by-element solution scheme (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2367-2382 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A parallel element-by-element scheme is developed for finite-element solution of elliptic boundary-value problems. It is shown that, for a broad class of computational grids, the solution algorithm is totally parallelizable. Moreover, the conversion of an existing serial EBE code to a parallel code is seen to be quite simple. The method is implemented on the Alliant FX/8 and Sequent Balance parallel computers and ‘speedup’ performance studies are conducted for a representative elliptic PDE in two dimensions. The present procedure can be applied quite generally to other finite-element applications, and the associated programs can be modified in a straightforward way to implement the method.
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    Boundary element analysis of an integral equation for three-dmensional crack problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2383-2402 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: In another paper, the authors proposed an integral equation for arbitrary shaped three-dimensional cracks. In the present paper, a discretization of this equation using a tensor formalism is formulated. This approach has the advantage of providing the displacement discontinuity vector in the local basis which varies as a function of the point of the crack surface. This also facilitates the computation of the stress intensity factors along the crack edge. Numerical examples reported for a circular crack and a semi-elliptical surface crack in a cylindrical bar show that one can obtain good results, using few Gaussian points and no singular elements.
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    Application of the boundary element method to dense dispersions (1988)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2487-2501 
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    Notes: The boundary element method (BEM) is used to find the effective conductivity of a random dispersion of disks in a second material. Small separations between inclusions give rise to difficulties not usually associated with the use of the BEM. We find that the integration point spacing on a given surface element has to be of the order of the shortest distance between disks. The spacing requirement becomes a limitation at high densities, even when the ratio of the conductivity of the disks to that of the host material is close to one. This limitation is overcome by increasing the order of the integration scheme used rather than by increasing the number of surface elements. A more conventional concern is that the surface mesh itself must be sufficiently fine to represent the temperature and flux profiles. As with all simulations of dense dispersions, periodic boundary conditions have to be used and further, because random dispersions are of interest, averages of calculations over many configurations are needed. Taking account of the above considerations we calculate the first exact results for the effective conductivity of a dispersion of cylinders at a high (0.6) density. The influence of vectorization on the performance of the code is briefly mentioned, as are other possible improvements.
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    Finite element analysis for undergraduates, by J. E. Akin, Academic Press, London, 1986 ISBN 0.12.047655.x, Price: £25·00, $40·00. paperback edition, ISBN 012.047656.8, price: £14, $20·00 (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2569-2569 
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    Announcement (1988)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2575-2576 
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    The theorems of geometric variation for finite element analysis (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2577-2606 
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    Notes: This paper illustrates the use of the theorems of geometric variation for the reanalysis of finite element structures. The formulations presented here form the basis for an efficient computer implementation.
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    Geometric and material non-linear analysis of beam-columns and frames using the minimum residual displacement method (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2657-2669 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A geometric and material non-linear analysis procedure for framed structures is presented, using a solution algorithm of minimizing the residual displacements. This new non-linear solution technique is believed to be the optimum in the Newton-Raphson scheme since it follows the shortest path to achieve convergence. The concept of the effective tangent stiffness matrix is introduced and is found to be efficient, simple and logical in handling the non-linear analysis of frames with braced members and in separating multiple bifurcation points.
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    Conference diary (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2781-2783 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620261215
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    Damped second-order Rayleigh-Timoshenko semi-infinite beam vibration - an exact complex dynamic member stiffness matrix (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1893-1905 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A uniform linear semi-infinite beam in a uniform linear ambient medium is studied. The beam performs stationary harmonic damped non-synchronous space vibration in simultaneous tension, torsion, bending and shear. Hysteretic and viscous dampings of the beam material and ambient medium are considered. Four new generalized complex Kolousek functions are derived. A 6 × 6 complex symmetric stiffness matrix is established for a semi-infinite beam member excited at its end by prescribed harmonic translations and rotations which have the same frequency but may be out of phase. This matrix extends the range of application of the so called ‘exact analysis’ of non-proportionally damped built-up beam structures as described in a previous paper by Lundén and Åkesson.1 Numerical examples are given, including applications of the computer program SFVIBAT-DAMP. Power flows are studied.
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    Computational techniques and applications: CTAC-85, edited by J. Noye and R. May, Elsevier North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1986. No. of pages: 790 (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1907-1908 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260816
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    Conference diary (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1909-1912 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260818
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    Finite element analysis: From concepts to applications, by David S. Burnett, ISBN 0-201-10806-2, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1987. No. of pages: 844 (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1908-1908 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260817
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    Correction (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. ii 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Shape optimization using the boundary element method with substructuring (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1913-1924 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Applications of the boundary element method for two- and three-dimensional structural shape optimization are presented. The displacements and stresses are computed using the boundary element method. Sub-structuring is used to isolate the portion of the structure undergoing geometric change. The corresponding non-linear programming problem for the optimization is solved by the generalized reduced gradient method. B-spline curves and surfaces are introduced to describe the shape of the design. The control points on these curves or surfaces are selected as design variables. The design objective may be either to minimize the weight or a peak stress of the component by determining the optimum shape subject to geometrical and stress constraints. The use of substructuring allows for problem solution without requiring traditional simplifications such as linearization of the constraints. The method has been successfully applied to the structural shape optimization of plane stress, plane strain and three-dimensional elasticity problems.
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    A simple discrete element method for the initial postbuckling of elastic structures (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2049-2060 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper a discrete element matrix formulation for the analysis of linear and non-linear bifurcation problems of some elastic structures is introduced. This, combined with a discrete perturbation technique, is implemented into a computer code to solve buckling and initial postbuckling problems of elastic struts.
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    Geometric non-linear substructuring for dynamics of flexible mechanical systems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2211-2226 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A substructure synthesis formulation is presented that permits use of established flexible multibody dynamic analysis computer codes to account for structural geometric non-linear effects. Large relative displacement is permitted between points within bodies that undergo small strain elastic deformation. Components are divided into substructures, on each of which the theory of linear elasticity relative to a body reference frame is adequate to describe deformation and its coupling with system motion. Normal vibration and static correction deformation modes are used to account for elastic deformation within each substructure. Compatibility conditions are derived and imposed as constraint equations at boundary points between substructures. System equations of motion that include geometric non-linear effects of large rotation, in terms of generalized co-ordinates of a reference frame for each substructure and a set of deformation modes that are defined within the substructure, are assembled. The method is implemented in an industry standard flexible multibody dynamics code, with minimal modification. Use of the formulation is illustrated on the classical problem of a spinning beam with geometric stiffening and on a space structure that experiences large deformation.
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    C0 finite element discretization of Kirchhoff's equations of thin plate bending (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1551-1566 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An alternative formulation of Kirchhoff's equations is given which is amenable to a standard C0 finite element discretization. In this formulation, the potential energy of the plate is formulated entirely in terms of rotations, whereas the deflections are the outcome of a subsidiary problem. The nature of the resulting equations is such that C0 interpolation can be used on both rotations and deflections. In particular, general classes of triangular and quadrilateral isoparametric elements can be used in conjunction with the method. Unlike other finite element methods which are based on three-dimensional or Mindlin formulations, the present approach deals directly with Kirchhoff's equations of thin plate bending. Excellent accuracy is observed in standard numerical tests using both distorted and undistorted mesh patterns.
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    Boundary integral equation method for shape optimization of elastic structures (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1579-1595 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general method for shape design sensitivity analysis as applied to plane elasticity problems is developed with a direct boundary integral equation formulation, using the material derivative concept and adjoint variable method. The problem formulation is very general and a complete consideration is given to describing the boundary variation by including the tangential component of the velocity field. The method is then applied to obtain the sensitivity formula for a general stress constraint imposed over a small part of the boundary. The accuracy of the design sensitivity analysis is studied with a fillet and an elastic ring design problem. Among the several numerical implementations tested, the second order boundary elements with a cubic spline representation of the moving boundary have shown the best accuracy. A smooth characteristic function is found to be better than a plateau function for localization of the stress constraint. Optimal shapes for the two problems are presented to show numerical applications.
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    On a non-linear formulation for curved Timoshenko beam elements considering large displacement/rotation increments (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1597-1613 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An incremental Total Lagrangian Formulation for curved beam elements that includes the effect of large rotation increments is developed. A complete and symmetric tangent stiffness matrix is obtained and the numerical results show, in general, an improvement over the standard formulation where the assumption of infinitesimal rotation increments is made in the derivation of the tangent stiffness matrix.
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    Linear elastic contact problems using curved elements and including dynamic friction (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1631-1643 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element solution for two-dimensional contact between elastic bodies is presented. Equations of constraint and equilibrium governing ‘sticking’ and ‘sliding’ contact are imposed at mesh contact boundaries and incorporated in the usual displacement solution routine. The method allows sliding over curved bodies and the dynamic coefficient of friction between the bodies is included in a direct (non-iterative) solution at each loading stage.A progressive loading approach is implemented whereby full loads are initially applied. If a change in the contact boundary condition occurs, then scaling (reduction) of loads and displacements is undertaken until the first new boundary constraint becomes just operative again. The remainder of the load is then applied with a modified stiffness matrix and the process is repeated. Finally the mesh is fully loaded and the contact boundary conditions are satisfied.Sample problems include comparison of the finite element results with classical solutions from the literature.
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    The Almansi method of fundamental solutions for solving biharmonic problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1665-1682 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A new fundamental solutions method for the numerical solution of two-dimensional biharmonic problems is described. In this method, which is based on the Almansi representation of a biharmonic function in the plane, the approximate solution is expressed in terms of fundamental solutions of Laplace's equation, and is determined by a least squares fit of the boundary conditions. The results of numerical experiments which demonstrate the efficacy of the method are presented.
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    Author's reply (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1684-1684 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260716
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620261201
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260801
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    Field- and edge-consistency synthesis of A 4-noded quadrilateral plate bending element (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1693-1708 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, we demonstrate the use of two conceptual principles, the field-consistency requirement and the edge-consistency requirement, as the basis for deriving a 4-noded quadrilateral plate bending element based on Mindlin plate theory using Jacobean transformations only. The derivation is now free of the use of such devices as strain-interpolation points and Hrennik off strain reference lines, etc., which have been the basis for many recent formulations of this element. The shear strain constraints are now consistently defined within the element domain, and ‘tangential’ shear strains are consistently matched at element boundaries so that there is no locking even under extreme distortion - e.g. even when two nodes are collapsed so that the quadrilateral becomes a triangle. Numerical experiments show that this synthesis produces an element that should be identical to other recent formulations of this element based on tensorial transformations or on shear constraint condensation on the edges, but now given a more complete and formal logical basis.
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    A shear-deformable two-layer plate element with interlayer slip (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1769-1789 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new finite element for two-layer plates with built-in interlayer slip is developed. The new plate element is based on a new plate theory formulated using a new variational principle due to Reissner. The accuracy of the new element is investigated by applying it to the problem of a two-layer plate with a linear slip law in cylindrical bending for which an exact elasticity solution exists. The comparison of the inplane response for several different values of interlayer shear stiffness and layer thickness ratios shows that the new element gives accurate results. The cylindrical bending of a two-layer plate with bilinear interlayer slip law is investigated with the new element and the results obtained are compared with a plane strain analysis. Good agreement is obtained for in-plane normal stresses and displacements. To further assess the simulation capabilities of the proposed element, a rectangular plate under concentrated load is analysed and the growth of slip failure regions is shown.
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    On some path-related measures for nonlinear structural F. E. problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1791-1803 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the paper, the solution of a non-linear structural mechanical problem is seen as a set of points along a curve in the displacement space, resulting from a continuous variation of a load parameter. The state of the structure at a specified point on the path is described by a tangent vector describing the response to a small load factor increment. For a completed, finite step, the deviation from this tangent response is described by a suggested measure. From this measure, some conclusions can be drawn concerning the iteration behaviour, guiding the iteration strategy in coming steps. Two path-related stiffness measures are derived, giving information concerning the behaviour of the structure. Some conclusions concerning limit load points, bifurcations, etc. can be drawn from these measures.
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    Understanding and improving the reduced integration of Mindlin shell elements (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2009-2029 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The reason for looking in some depth at locking of Mindlin shell elements is introduced.A simple example of straight beam locking is examined in detail.The observations about reduced integration that emerge are subsequently unified with some other facts the writer has come across.A simple curved beam element is then formulated and examined under inextensional bending. The performance of this element under reduced integration is predicted for both the ‘undistorted’ and ‘distorted’ configurations (see text) and for a selective-very reduced integration scheme.The previous predictions are then verified through the performance of an 8 node Mindlin shell element in a suitable cylindrical shell test.The paper finally concludes with a set of important observations that so easily could be drawn from such a simple analysis.
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    Analysis of superplastic metal forming by a finite element method (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1925-1944 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element velocity method for analysing the superplastic sheet metal forming process is presented. This method is developed from the principle of virtual work and is based on the use of isoparametric continuum elements. The large inelastic deformation of the superplastic material is modelled as the behaviour of an incompressible non-linear viscous flow material. The contact and friction problem is solved by using the compatibility load step method, which is an extension of an earlier work. The finite element method is applied to selected problems to illustrate the applicability of the solution procedure.
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    A new boundary element formulation for two- and three-dimensional thermoelasticity using particular integrals (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2061-2077 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: New two- and three-dimensional boundary element formulations are developed for steady-state and transient uncoupled thermoelasticity. These new procedures differ from previous work in that additional surface or volume integration is not required to incorporate thermal loads in the analysis. Instead, thermal body forces are introduced in the boundary element system via particular integrals.The present formulation is implemented in a general purpose, multi-region system, and examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and versatility of the method.
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    Functional analysis and boundary-value problems: An introductory treatment, by B. D. Reddy, Longman, Harlow, 1986. No. of pages: 331 (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2345-2345 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620261015
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    Masthead (1988)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Development of a method for integrating time-dependent constitutive equations with large, small or negative strain rate sensitivity (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2457-2485 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A unified numerical method to integrate stiff time-dependent constitutive equations has been developed. This method is a stable, non-iterative and self-correcting solution procedure which works successfully over a wide range in strain rate sensitivity. Time steps are automatically controlled during integration to achieve a user-specified accuracy. This method is implemented in the program package NONSS whose dual purpose is examination of the behaviour of unified constitutive models by themselves (‘one-element behaviour’) as well as providing a computationally efficient subroutine for utilizing such models with existing finite element programs for non-linear structural and metal forming analyses.This paper first reviews the relation between the numerical characteristic of constitutive equations and the choice of integration methods. Then the paper presents the derivation of the governing basic equations in the new method, and also derives a special algorithm which permits large integration steps within the negative strain rate sensitivity (‘serrated yielding’) regime. Examples of the program's performance are given, including plasticity at high and low temperatures, cyclic deformation and multiaxial straining.
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    On the development of a general purpose finite element program for analysis of forming processes (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 113-131 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    On the use of the boundary element method for elastoplastic, large deformation problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 165-176 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The boundary element method is applied to large deformation problems typical in industrial forming problems. A form of Betti's theorem relevant to an updated Lagrangian type of solution procedure is established as the basis for the boundary element formulation. Equilibrium iterations are needed in each load step. All non-linear terms are moved to the right-hand side and the boundary element method can be used. Cross-anisotropy is assumed where Hill's yield criterion is adopted together with isotropic hardening. The investigation has shown that the boundary element method is applicable to this type of problem, giving good results within reasonable computer time.
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    Plastic and viscoplastic flow of void-containing metals. Applications to axisymmetric sheet forming problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 227-251 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A formal analogy between the equations of pure plastic and viscoplastic flow theory for void-containing metals and those of standard non-linear elasticity is presented. The formulation is particularized for the analysis of axisymmetric sheet metal forming problems using simple two node linear finite elements. Details of the treatment of friction and strain hardening phenomena, time increment computation and elastic effects are also given. Examples of the effect of void porosity on the hemispherical stretching of a circular sheet are presented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250118
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250201
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    Computation of low-speed compressible flows with time-marching procedures (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 293-311 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The extension of time-marching procedures to low Mach number and low Reynolds number conditions is considered. It is shown that the disparate speeds of the acoustic and particle waves prevent convergence at high Reynolds numbers, while the requirement that both the Courant and the von Neumann numbers be of order one prevents convergence in very viscous flows. A perturbation expansion is used to introduce pseudo-acoustic waves that propagate at speeds similar to the particle speed at high Reynolds numbers and that allows both the inviscid and viscous time step parameters to be of order one at low Reynolds numbers. The resulting algorithm is shown to give convergence rates that are independent of either Mach number or Reynolds number over a range of five orders of magnitude in both parameters. Results are shown for strong heat addition in low-speed flow encompassing this broad range of variables.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250203
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    Ignition phase transition of a polymer: Convective exposure (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 373-386 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The ignition of a semi-infinite solid polymer under convective exposure is investigated. A quasi-steady approximation is used for the gas phase and the transient effect is accounted for in the solid phase only. Both surface and gas phase chemical reactions are included simultaneously. The ignition mechanism is studied in terms of the concurrent heat transfer, mass transfer, mass transfer and chemical processes at the surface as well as in the gas phase. The gas phase governing equations are integrated independently from the solid phase energy equation using the Adams-Moulton subroutine. Corrections to the iterative procedure are carried out by establishing a set of perturbation equations and using the Newton-Raphson and least-squares methods. The results indicate that ignition occurs in the heterogeneous mode within a narrow range of low flow velocities and high temperatures. An ignition phase transition point exists, and within a wide range of high flow velocities, ignition switches to the homogeneous mode.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250208
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    Numerical simulation of the transport processes in a heat treatment furnace (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 387-399 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The numerical simulation of the heat transfer and fluid processes in a furnace is carried out using finite difference techniques. A heat treatment furnace for the annealing of steel is considered as an example and a mathematical model of the system is obtained by simplifying the equations that govern the transport in the various components that constitute the system. The resulting set of coupled equations then governs the time-dependent temperature distribution in the furnace. Because of the complexity of the full problem, the transport processes undergone by individual components of the furnace are simulated first, using appropriate boundary conditions that decouple them from the other components. These individual simulations are considered in terms of the underlying physical mechanisms for validation. Finally, these are combined to obtain the simulation of the full, coupled problem. The temperature cycle undergone by the material is computed, along with the time-dependent temperature distributions in other components. A comparison with experimental data indicates close agreement, lending strong support to the numerical model. The relevance of these results to the design of the overall thermal system is also outlined.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250209
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    On the numerical modelling of heat transfer during solidification processes (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 445-473 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An extensive amount of work has been published on the treatment of heat transfer associated with phase change. A few recent advances are discussed in this paper with some emphasis on the phase change of metals. The apparent capacity, effective capacity, enthalpy, post iterative, source based and semi-analytical methods are discussed and relative advantages and disadvantages of each are analysed. Recent developments in nodelling the flow during pouring and natural convection with applications of two widely used convective liffusive codes, the Los Alamos MAC and the Imperial College TEACH, are presented. An alternative tream function-vorticity approach is also discussed. Applications of these methods to turbulent convection during mould filling and continuous casting are presented. Areas of interest for further research work are identified as modelling of turbulence in liquid metals, flow through mushy regions and improvement of the performance of weak methods in multidimensional problems when the ratio of latent heat to sensible heat is large.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250212
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    Solution accuracies of finite element reentry heat transfer and thermal stress analyses of space shuttle orbiter (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 517-543 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Accuracies of solutions (structural temperatures and thermal stresses) obtained from different finite element thermal and structural models set up for the space shuttle orbiter are compared and discussed. For studying the effect of element size on the solution accuracies of finite element heat transfer and thermal stress analyses of the orbiter, five structural performance and resizing (SPAR) thermal models and five NASA structural analysis (NASTRAN) structural models were set up for the orbiter wing midspan bay 3. The structural temperature distribution over the wing skin (lower and upper) surface of one bay was dome shaped and induced more severe thermal stresses in the chordwise direction than in the spanwise direction. The induced thermal stresses were extremely sensitive to slight variation in structural temperature distributions. Both internal convention and internal radiation were found to have equal effects on the orbiter structural temperatures. Minimum degrees of element fineness required for thermal and structural models for the orbiter to yield satisfactory solutions were established. In transient heat transfer analysis most of the computation time was consumed in the time-dependent temperature calculations and not in the radiation view-factor computations.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250215
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    Failure of mechanically loaded laminated composites subjected to intense localized heating (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 561-570 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical procedure is presented for predicting failure in laminated composites subjected to simultaneous intense localized heating and applied mechanical loads. The method consists of a non-linear two-dimensional, axisymmetric finite difference thermal analyser which considers the effects of surface ablation, radiation and convection losses and temperature dependent thermophysical properties. The thermal results are used in conjunction with a flat plate finite element code to predict the failure of laminated composites. Predictions based on the numerical analyses are compared with experimental results obtained from mechanically loaded graphite epoxy coupons spot-irradiated at various intensities.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250217
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    Some novel techniques for the finite element analysis of heat and mass transfer problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 611-624 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The coupled heat and mass transfer partial differential equations as derived by Luikov are used to analyse freezing problems in porous media. A numerical model is subsequently developed to depict the frost heave mechanism in a freezing soil system. An example is given of the application of the model and the results are compared with those achieved from field experiments.Also, a novel application of the coincident node technique is presented for the coupled heat and mass transfer problem. This circumvents the numerical problems usually associated with flow through thin layers, in this case a vapour barrier, sandwiched between materials of greater thickness.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250221
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    Deformations and stresses in welding of shell structures (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 635-655 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The simulation of welding of shell structures is investigated in this paper. In order to verify the implementation of the shell element adopted, two different problems were studied. In the first problem the butt-welding of two plates was simulated. In the second problem the butt-welding of a thin-walled pipe was simulated. It is concluded from the analysis of the plate problem that the shell element is quite effective in the membrane state. The comparison between calculated values and experimental values for the residual stress field in the pipe shows that the shell element performs quite well in the analysis of a realistic problem.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250223
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260101
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    Variable-order variable-step algorithms for second-order systems. Part 2: The codes (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 55-80 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In a companion paper, Thomas and Gladwell,4 the authors designed a class of multistage methods for second-order systems of ordinary differential equations (ODE's), together with local error estimators based on embedding techniques. Here we provide a set of subroutines implementing the algorithms and discuss our numerical experience with the resulting codes.
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    Shape design sensitivity analysis for non-linear anisotropic heat conducting solids and shape optimization by the BEM (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 109-120 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Shape design sensitivity analysis (SDSA) expressions have been derived for non-linear anisotropic heat conducting solid bodies by following the material derivative concept and adjoint variable method of optimal shape design given in the literature. The variation of a general integral functional has been described in terms of primary and adjoint quantities evaluated at the varying boundaries. As an example problem in shape optimization, optimal outer boundary profiles of an orthotropic solid body are obtained by the boundary element method (BEM), after reformulating the SDSA equations in a form which is most suitable for the BEM.
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    Optimization of actively controlled structures using goal programming techniques (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 183-197 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The problem of design of actively controlled structures subject to restrictions on the damping parameters of the closed-loop system is formulated and solved as a multiobjective optimization problem. The purpose of control is to effectively suppress structural vibrations due to initial excitation. The cross-sectional areas of the members are treated as design variables. The structural weight and the controlled system energy are considered as objective functions for minimization. The goal programming approach is used for the solution of the multiobjective optimization problems. The procedure is illustrated through numerical simulations using two-bar and twelve-bar truss structures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260113
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    Practical experience with numerical simulations of plastic processes (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 1-8 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In recent years a number of programs have been developed for the calculation of plastic processes, but up to now the use of these programs in industrial practice has been limited to particular cases.On the one hand, reasons for this can be found with the users who often, not knowing the theoretical principles and the restrictions of the calculations, obtain wrong results and thus generally doubt the applicability of the program.On the other hand, in many cases calculations are only possible with low accuracy since information and data on the boundary conditions and the material behaviour are not available.This paper describes the possibilities and limits of the numerical simulations as well as the compromises which have to be accepted.
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    Oscillatory convection in liquid metals in a horizontal temperature gradient (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 401-414 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: When growing semiconductor crystals from the melt, the free convection induced in the liquid phase by the imposed thermal boundary conditions can become periodic in time. Recently, the onset of this oscillatory convection has been simulated directly through solution of the time-dependent governing equations for the particular case of an imposed horizontal temperature gradient. In this paper a new approach for detecting the oscillatory instability is presented in which the transition from steady to periodic flow is identified with a Hopf bifurcation in the solution of the steady equations. The critical Grashof number and frequency are predicted by solving an extended system of steady equations that locates exactly the Hopf bifurcation point, and the variation with aspect ratio and Prandtl number of the threshold for oscillations is obtained through continuation methods. By introducing a homotopy parameter into the boundary conditions the variation of the critical Grashof number is computed as the thermal and viscous conditions on the upper surface vary.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Transfinite element methodology for non-liner/linear transient thermal modelling/analysis: Progress and recent advances (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 475-494 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Recent progress and advances in the development and applicability of a novel ‘transfinite element’ computational methodology is presented for general non-linear/linear transient thermal problems. The proposed methodology and concepts are new and unique, and demonstrate the applicability to general transient non-linear/linear thermal analysis situations by combining classical Galerkin schemes and transform approaches with contemporary finite element methods to preserve the modelling versatility and numerical features-thereby, a hybrid computational methodology is proposed. Characteristic features and pertinent details of the approach are described for non-linear/linear transient thermal problems, wherein non-linearities due temperature dependence of thermophysical properties and/or general non-linear bound ary conditions to include radiation, effects due to phase change, etc., are considered. In addition, the use of high-continuity formulations in conjuction with the proposed methodology to furnish accurate temperature distributions and temperature gradients making use of a relatively smaller number of degrees of freedom is also demonstrated. Numerical test cases are presented for a variety of problems to demonstrate the fundamental features and applicability of the proposed formulations. The proposed hybrid transfinite element methodology and concepts offer significant potential for extension to several areas of mathematical physics and engineering and to interdisciplinary research areas.
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    Treating exceptionally non-linear temperature fields (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 571-580 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: By some examples it is shown how to treat non-everyday heat transfer problems which are characterized by temperature dependent heat sources and heat radiation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250218
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    Monte Carlo method for radiative heat transfer analysis of general gas-particle enclosures (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 581-592 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new Monte Carlo method is developed to analyse multi-dimensional radiative heat transfer in an enclosure containing grey gas with anisotropically scattering grey particles. One set of variables, called READ (Radiative Energy Absorption Distribution), is introduced to represent radiative transfer, thus appreciably reducing repeated computations required by the conventional Monte Carlo technique. A 1 m × 1 m square duct is used as the enclosure with the upper and lower walls at different temperatures in the one-dimensional case and with adiabatic specular or diffuse side walls in the two-dimensional case. Results agree well with the existing analytical solutions for one-dimensional, non-scattering cases. It is concluded that, with anisotropic scattering, an increase in the absorption coefficient and/or single scattering albedo produces adverse effects on radiative heat transfer. Anisotropic scattering effects cannot be simulated by the use of the effective absorption coefficient.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250219
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    Variable-order variable-step algorithms for second-order systems. Part 1: The methods (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 39-53 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We develop a new class of multistage algorithms for second-order systems of ordinary differential equations (ODE's) based on methods by Zienkiewicz et al.13 Our new methods are designed to provide a set of efficient methods which can be used with local error estimators based on embedding techniques. In a companion paper, we provide a set of subroutines implementing the algorithms derived and a discussion of numerical experience with the resulting codes.
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    Stress evaluation algorithms for rate constitutive equations in finite deformation analysis (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 121-141 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The stress integration algorithm for hypoelastic constitutive equations proposed by Pinsky et al.3 is extended for the treatment of finite deformation elastoplastic constitutive relations. Another approach based on the polar decomposition of the deformation gradient tensor F = R · U is also introduced. Numerical examples and a discussion on these two approaches are given.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260109
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