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  • Articles  (40,514)
  • Springer  (40,514)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (40,514)
  • 1976  (40,514)
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  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (40,514)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of model for the spread of cancer in the uterus; arbitrary specific growth rate (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471757
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo simulation of simultaneous gas flow and diffusion in an asymmetric distal pulmonary airway model (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 161-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In order to evaluate the effect of anatomic asymmetries on the gas concentration distribution in the pulmonary airways, a Monte Carlo simulation of combined bulk flow and molecular diffusion was carried out in a realistic distal airway model (Parkeret al., 1971). This airway model, composed of branches distal to the 0.5-ram diameter airways, contained an upper symmetric segment consisting of four generations of conducting airways and a lower asymmetric segment of alveolar ducts and sacs arranged in five transport paths of varying lengths. In accounting for the volume increases of these ducts and sacs occurring during normal respiration, uniform alveolar filling rates and a fixed length-to-diameter ratio of all airways were assumed. For a pulse injection of inert tracer gas, the simulation was employed to determine the longitudinal concentration profiles in the conducting airways. In the alveolated airways, not only were the longitudinal profiles determined along each path, but radial transport from the core to the periphery of the airways was considered. The results of the simulations indicate that geometric asymmetries alone contribute substantially to regional concentration variations in the distal airways. For example, when a gas bolus is injected at mid*inspiration, there are concentration differences as great as 40% between two points along different transport paths located equi-distant from the proximal end of the model. As viewed from the terminal end of the model (acinus), average concentration differences as large as 6-to-1 exist between the longest and shortest transport paths respectively for gas boli introduced near the end of inspiration. The results further indicate because of large radial diffusion rates, no significant concentration differences exist between the periphery a-ld the central core of alveolated airways. Simulation of the expired concentration profiles indicate that boll injected very late during inspiration exhibit a sloping tail, unlike the earlier injected boll whose tails are virtually horizontal. Through the use of superposition teehniqnes, it was found that these sloping tails correspond to an alveolar slope of 1.5 vol% between 750 and 1250 ml expired for a continuous washing of tracer. This result is in disagreement with other transport analyses which did not directly account for the effect of geometric asymmetries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471754
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Passive elastic wall stiffness of the left ventricle: A comparison between linear theory and large deformation theory (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 239-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Assuming a spherical geometry for the left ventricle, passive elastic stiffness-stress relations have been obtained on the basis of linear elasticity theory and large deformation theory. Employing pressure-volume aata taken from rat hearts of various age groups, it is shown that young rat heart muscle (1 month) is stiffer than either adult (7 months) or old rat heart muscle (17 months). Although the qualitative results are similar for both elasticity theories, the large deformation theory gave results in closer agreement with those obtained from papillary muscle studies. These results imply that stiffness of muscleper se can be assessed from left ventricular pressure-volume data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459557
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative evaluation of quantum theory of nerve excitation (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 277-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Deliberate evaluation of the quantum theory of nerve excitation is made by comparing it with Hill's theory in fitting the experimental data on threshold-frequency relation, optimum frequency (v0) for nerve excitation and strength-duration relation. Decrease of v0 and increase of all the time constants (Hill's λ andk, Wei'sT 2 and spike durationw) with decreasing temperature are interpreted on the basis of the dipole relaxation timeT 2 but inexplicable from Hill's theory or any other existing theory. The closeness ofk,T 2 andw values is explained. A variety of experimental results obtained by others is discussed. Finally, a comparison is made between the Hodgkin-Huxley equations and the quantum theory. Most of the facts (electrical and non-electrical) tend to support the thesis that nerve excitation is a macroscopic expression of quantum transitions of dipoles between energy states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459560
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The period of total population (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 317-319 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In the periodic Leslie model the asymptotic period of total population is a divisor of the asymptotic period of the population vector. Under reasonable circumstances these periods are identical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459563
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some mathematical properties of branching trees with application to the respiratory system (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 305-315 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A number of biological branching systems, such as the bronchial and pulmonary arterial trees, are being investigated in an ongoing study in order to define their physiological properties. The technique involves the description of branching trees by the use of hierarchical systems of ordering, especially those described by Horsfield and by Strahler. During this work some mathematical properties of branching trees were demonstrated and these are described in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459562
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetic structure of populations, biomathematics (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 323-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459565
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Book review (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 209-217 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471758
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypothalamic regulation of pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 387-400 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Luteinizing hormone (LH) is secreted continuously from the anterior pituitary gland. The concentration in the blood of this gonadotropic hormone plays a regulatory role in the development of puberty in both sexes, in the induction of ovulation in females, and in the production of testosterone in males. The secretion of LH is in turn controlled by luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) secreted by the hypothalamus. LH and LHRH are removed from the blood by degradation and excretion. This hormonal system is modelled by a system of ordinary differential equations based upon specific physiological and biochemical assumptions current among experimentalists in this field. The one exception is the assumption that LHRH may bind reversibly to a serum protein; an analysis of the data shows that this or a similar mechanism is a crucial specification. Data on the serum levels of LH and LHRH in two human subjects were fitted using the model. The data consist of the transients and subsequent decays created by a bolus intravenous injection of LHRH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462213
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some implications of a constant fiber stress hypothesis in the diastolic left ventricle (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 401-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A thick-wall incompressible, elastic sphere was used as a model for the diastolic rat left ventricle. A model for myocardial nonhomogeneity was derived assuming that fiber (circumferential) stress was independent of position in the ventricular wall. The theoretical implications of the resulting constitutive relations together with the spherical model were analyzed in the context of large deformation elasticity theory. It was found that muscle stiffness at a given level of uniaxial stress increased monotonically from the endocardium to the epicardium. In addition, fiber stress was found to be essentially a linear function of transmural pressure above a pressure of 6 g/cm2. It was also shown theoretically that neglecting the nonhomogeneity of the myocardium resulted in a state of stress which differed significantly from that predicted by the nonhomogeneous model. For example, at a transmural pressure of 14 g/cm2, fiber stress in the nonhomogenous model was equal to 17 g/cm2 while fiber stress in the homogeneous model varied between 100 g/cm2 at the endocardial surface and 2 g/cm2 at the epicardial surface. The change in muscle stiffness with position which characterized the nonhomogeneous model also tended to linearize the highly curvilinear radial stress distribution predicted by the homogeneous model at a given transmural pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462214
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axonal transport—II. Convection (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 435-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The phenomenon of axonal transport has been well documented (Ochs, 971; Lasek, 1970; and Grafstein, 1967). In a previous paper, we showed how diffusion alone could not account for this process. In this report we show that convection or convection with diffusion can account for the observed build-up of material. By including a first-order catabolic sequestration term, we are able to offer an understanding of the several apparent rates of transport with the same underlying velocity and variable sequestration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462217
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of Hamilton-Jacobi theory to the Lotka-Volterra oscillator (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 459-465 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It is known that the Lotka-Volterra coupled nonlinear differential equations for a two-species prey-predator ecosystem possess a periodic solution, although its exact form is not yet obtained analytically. The conventional linearization approximation for solving these nonlinear equations leads to a harmonic oscillator whose frequency depends only on the intraspecific coefficients. We propose here a prescription for obtaining nonlinear correction to the linear frequency by using the Hamilton-Jacobi canonical formalism of classical mechanics. It is found that the first-order correction, which also involves interspecific parameters, exhibits the basic qualitative features of the nonlinearity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462220
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on the use of a stochastic mammillary compartmental model as an environmental safety model (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 467-478 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Environmental safety testing typically requires procedures for extrapolating from the relatively high experimental to the very low use doses of potentially harmful substances. In the present paper, a stochastic mammillary compartmental model for environmental safety testing is proposed and extrapolation procedures based on its dose-response relationship are developed. The proposed model is a direct generalization of one of the basic safety models, the one-hit model, in that a harmful reaction is assumed to occur if at any time any of the peripheral compartments attains a specified threshold of particles. Consideration of a closed model yields an upper bound on the probability of attaining a certain threshold level, thus providing a conservative procedure for extrapolating to a low dose, while a lower bound obtained from a related open model provides a useful monitoring device as to the sharpness of the upper, bound. The extrapolation procedure is illustrated with simulated data and approximations for initial values are developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459546
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Algorithms for finding most dissimilar images with possible applications to chromosome classification (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 505-516 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract By using chromosome images as a framework, algorithms for finding most dissimilar images are presented and illustrated by examples. In terms of angles, a chromosome image consists of two exterior biangles and two interior biangles. Biangles are defined and classified into 180° biangles, 〉180° biangles and 〈180° biangles. The dissimilarity of biangles and its geometric interpretation together with various properties of biangles are also presented. The results may have useful applications in pattern recognition, scene analysis, information storage and retrieval, artificial intelligence and fuzzy set theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459549
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    A mathematical approach to spatial distribution and temporal succession in plant communities (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 517-526 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The Volterra equations which represent competitions between two species are utilized to examine the phenomenon of boundary formation between two species of plants. The set of stable stationary points for these equations is determined and is illustrated in a product space of parameters and dynamical variables. The stages of boundary appearance and succession are visualized by considering slow changes of the parameters as functions of time and space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459550
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    The mathematical theory of diffusion and reaction in permeable catalysts (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 95-96 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459545
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  • 17
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    Symmetry and information content of chemical structures (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 119-133 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A method, based on symmetry, is suggested for determining the information content of systems. A comparison has been made between the information for symmetry, topology, and chemical composition. The new information measure increases when the asymmetry of the molecules and the number of atoms in the latter increases. It can distinguish between different molecular conformations, and give a linear correlation with the absolute entropy for homologous series of chemical compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471752
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    The effect of microstructure on the rheological properties of blood (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 135-159 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The micromorphic theory of Eringen is applied to study the tube flow of blood. The blood is considered to be a deformable suspension, with constitutive relations of the form of those of simple microfluids. By means of energy consideration, a relation is established between the local concentration parameter and the measure of rotationality involving both macro-and micromotions. The tube flow problem is then solved with some analyses on viscosity coefficients and boundary conditions. The results obtained indicate an integrated explanation of various important physical phenomena associated with blood flow, such as the tube size dependence of the apparent viscosity and the non-uniform concentration distribution over a tube cross section.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471753
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  • 19
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    Construction of analytically solvable models for interacting species (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 193-197 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract By observing that the n-tuple of rate functionsQ(c) is orthogonal to the c-space gradients of each of the (n - 1) constants of the motion Φ v (c), a generic canonical expression for the rate functions is given in terms of the exterior product of the gradients of the (n - 1) Φ v 's. For models withQ so prescribed from the outset, an analytical general solution is obtainable directly for the system of autonomous ordinary differential equations dc/dt =Q(c). Thus, the generic canonical expression for the rate functions can be utilized to construct analytically solvable models for interacting biological species, as ilIus~rated by examples here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471755
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  • 20
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    Sensitivity of control parameters in a model of saccadic eye tracking and estimation of resultant nervous activity (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 39-57 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A model for the extraocular plant of the human visual eye tracking mechanisms is discussed. Its sensitivity to variation of controller signal nervous activity is studied in order to determine the type of activity that yields realistic simulations characteristic of typical saccadic eye movements.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459539
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  • 21
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    Cannibalism as an evolutionary strategy (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 359-368 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Mathematical models of predator-prey systems in which the prey species has a three-stage life cycle are studied. Certain stages of the prey life history are allowed to use younger stages as food. It is shown that sufficiently restricted cannibalism can result in an increase in the numbers of adult prey on a sustained basis when cannibalism decreases the vulnerability of a stage subject to predation or increases overall productivity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462211
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  • 22
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    Thermal behavior of biological tissues—A general analysis (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 369-386 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A general analysis is presented for the thermal behavior of a biological tissue. Energy transport by the circulatory system is assumed to be represented by a modified Fick's law. General boundary conditions are assumed for the two-dimensional model and solutions are obtained for rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical geometries. The effects of blood perfusion rate, metabolic rate, arterial temperature and heat exchange with the environment are considered. Results indicate a region of almost constant temperature in the deeper layers of the tissue and reaffirm the important role which blood flow plays in maintaining homeostasis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462212
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  • 23
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    A theory of oscillatory instability in two-state systems in relation to nerve excitation (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 351-358 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The oscillatory aspect in a system having two steady states is studied theoretically using a model of excitable nerve membrane. The condition for the occurrence of oscillatory instability is discussed on the basis of the kinetic picture of nerve excitation in consideration of the non-Markoffian effect caused by ion transport in the system. Small oscillations around a steady state as well as a giant fluctuation between two states are obtained. Results are compared with experiments carried out with squid giant axons perfused intracellularly.
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  • 24
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    On the connection between bacterial growth and division (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 415-423 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An expression for the variance in birth volumes during balanced growth of a cell population is derived. The requirement of this expression being positive and finite allows a discussion of some of the requirements imposed on the mechanisms of growth and division.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462215
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  • 25
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    Axonal transport—I. Diffusion (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 425-433 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The phenomenon of axonal transport of material has been well documented (Ochs, 1971; Lasek, 1970; and Grafstein, 1967). This report seeks to establish the role of diffusion—if any—in such a transport process. We report that diffusion cannot account for the observed build-up of material as reported in the literature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462216
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  • 26
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    The fitting of dynamic models to observed data (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 445-452 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The question of how to fit a general cubic model of a multicomponent, interactive growth system to observed data is addressed. A multidimensional-polynomial type of regression analysis is used, with a least-squares criterion. By testing the scheme on a problem with known solution, the way in which the accuracy of the results varies with the number of datum points used is investigated in an heuristic manner.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462218
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  • 27
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    Application of the describing function to the Danziger-Elmegreen equations (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 453-458 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The describing function method is used as a guide to the behaviour of the solutions of the equations of Danziger and Elmergreen, proposed as a model of periodic catatonia. The method suggests that whenever the equilibrium point is unstable it is surrounded by a stable closed periodic orbit. This is confirmed in specific cases by computation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462219
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  • 28
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    A theory of ambiguous pattern perception (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 497-504 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A theory of ambiguous pattern perception is formulated. This theory proposes a feature selector (field of attention) based on the time-sequential discrete property of the attention, a short-term memory for storage of the selected features, and a displayer (perception) to display the consecutively stored features. Since the selected features continuously enter, and since the features can only be stored in the short-term memory for a short period, the features which can be displayed in the displayer vary with time. When all the essential features belonging to one pattern happen to be in the displayer, the picture is perceived to be that pattern; when all the essential features belonging to another pattern happen to be in the displayer, then the picture is perceived to be the other pattern. Thus the picture appears to vary with time and alternate between two patterns. A numerical calculation is presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459548
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  • 29
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    A dynamical field theory for dissipative thermal systems. The first and second laws of irreversible thermodynamics (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 479-496 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Notes: Abstract The thermodynamics of irreversible processes is derived from the principles of dynamical field theory independently of all elements of thermostatics, in particular the assumption of local equilibrium. Field thermodynamics proceeds from the premise that all driving forces experienced by the molecules in a continuum are conservative and arise from scalar potential functions. Dynamically the temperature potentialT is no different from the pressure potentialp. A field is converted to a force upon multiplication by a scale factor. A potential is converted to potential energy by the same scale factor. To scale the field −∇p to the force per mole of molecular speciesk, the partial molar, volume $$\bar V_k $$ is the scale factor. Similarly the partial molar entropy, $$\bar S_k $$ , scales the temperature field. The transition from the scale factors (which are physical parameters) to the systemic variables, for example $$\bar S_k \to s\left( {x,y,z;t} \right)$$ , is not trivial. From the dynamics and the structure of the derived potential energy function are inducted the conjugate variables such as (p, V I) and (T, s). The meta-mechanical properties of the thermal variables (T, s) are discovered via the local First Law of Thermodynamics, which relates internal energy, thermal flux, and work, and from the local Second Law, which prescribes, the possible partitions of internal energy between kinetic, potential, and thermal energies. From the form of the potential energy come Maxwell's relationships. From the energy partition comes the equation of continuity for entropy, with its important source term. In contrast to earlier theories of irreversible thermodynamics, the dissipation function does not include the stress tensor, a constitutive parameter.
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    Diffusion through a membrane: Approach to equilibrium (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 527-534 
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    Notes: Abstract The transfer of solute through a membrane separating two aqueous solutions is studied with the time-dependent diffusion equation for composite media. By introducing new independent and dependent variables it is shown that the differential equations and boundary conditions can be transformed into a dimensionless form which does not explicitly depend on the diffusivities of the media. Laplace transforms are used to derive explicit solutions for the solute concentration as a function of position and time. It is shown that at large time the concentration approaches the equilibrium distribution exponentially. Explicit results are given for the decay time as a function of the parameters of the system. In addition, an accurate and simplified expression is derived for the decay time for the case of small membrane permeability. The accuracy of the analytic solutions for the concentration profiles is tested by comparing them with numerical results obtained by solving the diffusion equations by the method of finite differences. Excellent agreement is found.
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    An integral equation approach to measuring turnover in nonsteady compartmental and distributed systems (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 679-693 
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    Notes: Abstract Physiological systems are often modelled by a set of compartments. Alternatively they can be described by the diffusion-convection-reaction equations governing distributed systems. The problem considered here is that of identifying a continuously changing input of some metabolite )tracee), endogenous to the system and hence inaccessible, when a nonlinear or time-varying component is also introduced into the loss parameter, as for example through feedback mechanisms. A tracer is used to determine the steady-state impulse response under time-invariant, linear conditions. A known input of tracer is also administered when the system is driven out of steady state. The integral equations developed utilize the predetermined impulse response, the measured concentrations of both tracer and tracee (output) in some region of the system to estimate the changing loss parameter and the unknown input in a continuous fashion.
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    Stochastic equilibria for multivariate reaction systems (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 597-622 
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    Notes: Abstract The equilibrium distribution for a generalQth-order multivariate reaction system is studied. The state transition intensity matrix is developed and examples are given for small numbers of reaction components. A closed-form expression for the equilibrium distribution for systems which are symmetric with respect to the order of component reactions is presented. Numerical examples for three component systems are discussed.
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    Bounds on the populations in the Dreitlein-Smoes model of oscillatory kinetic systems (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 623-631 
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    Notes: Abstract The model recently proposed by Dreitlein and Smoes for oscillatory kinetic systems is studied. Diffusion of the oscillating species is taken into account, and bounds on the total number of individuals of each species are determined for both two- and three-dimensional finite regions with various boundary conditons applied. It is found that in general the effect of diffusion on the system behavior is to reduce the maximum possible radius of limit cycles. In particular, in some cases global limit cycle behavior is precluded.
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    Flow limits of Kedem-Katchalsky equations for fluid flux (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 671-677 
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    Notes: Abstract The Kedem-Katchalsky equations for fluid flux across membranes may not be adequate for large solvent flows. In particular, for an example of two membranes in series, it is argued that they would predict physically unreasonable behavior. An alternate equation for solute flow is proposed for a simple sieving membrane. For the same example, this equation predicts more physically reasonable results.
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    Solution of linear one-dimensional diffusion equations (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 1-13 
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    Notes: Abstract The paper introduces a basic mathematical form, which is characteristic of a number of linear one-dimensional diffusion equations with coefficients being represented as simple polynomials in the spatial coordinate. A number of particular diffusion equations are introduced and their corresponding exact mathematical solutions are obtained.
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    On the theory of selection of coupled macromolecular systems (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 15-28 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we examine a set of nonlinear rate equations (devised by M. Eigen (1971)) which describe the process of selection in a collection of self-reproducing, macromolecular information carriers. We construct exact solutions to the equations for the case of constant rate parameters and constant error distributions. The solutions allow the direct assessment of the effect of mutations on the “selective value” parameters discussed by Eigen as well as the distribution of the molecular species selected in steady state. In addition we show that the selection process may be characterized by an extremal principle.
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    Photon enzyme activation (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 29-38 
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    Notes: Abstract The electromagnetic molecular electronic resonance (EMER) frequencies of the molecular chains of α-chymotrypsin are calculated. The chain length relations and coupling positions suggest a possible energy transfer, at the EMER frequencies, from one chain to the other. Photon enzyme activation data indicate that the energy corresponding to the EMER frequencies of its molecular chains is used by α-chymotrypsin for its enzyme function.
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    Nerve excitations by the coupling of the dipoles and the membrane matrix (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 59-70 
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    Notes: Abstract Based on Wei's dipole flip-flop model and with the assumption that the dipole is coupled to the membrane matrix, the cathode-make-excitation, the anode-break-excitation and the cathode-gap-excitation can be explained in a systematic way. The istrength-duration relations for these three processes are derived.
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    A possible explanation of the Comorosan effects (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 93-94 
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    Hysteresis in systems with a single steady state (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 87-92 
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    Notes: Abstract It is usually stated that only systems with multiple steady states can exhibit hysteresis. For protein conformations, this would violate the idea that, in fixed environments, primary structure uniquely determines tertiary structure. It is shown that hysteresis-like phenomena can be exhibited by systems possessing only a single steady-state configuration. This property is placed in a more general theoretical setting of recognition and classification systems, and some implications for processes such as memory, learning and pattern generation (morphogenesis) are discussed.
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    The effects of harvesting on competitive systems (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 97-109 
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    Notes: Abstract The natural historical literature contains a considerable body of work which indicates that harvesting (or predation) can alleviate competitive instabilities. In order to arrive at an understanding of this, the appropriate bifurcation structure for a rather general family of two-dimensional competitive systems is here investigated. The results of this analysis suggest that, in more complicated ecosystems with many competing species, (1) there is a good chance that harvesting at moderate rates will increase species diversity if one species is dominant in the unharvested system, while an increase in diversity is not likely to result from harvesting from a system with no dominant species, (2) whenever harvesting does increase species diversity, maximal diversity will occur at moderate harvesting rates, with less diversity at both very high and very low harvesting rates.
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    Derivation of the Weber-Fechner law and the Loewenstein equation as the steady-state response of an Elovich solid state biological system (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 111-118 
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    Notes: Abstract The Weber-Fechner law (response of an organism is a linear function of log of stimulus) has been widely used for description of physiological and psychological data for many years. It is shown here that the Weber-Fechner law is derivable in a simple way from the Elovich equation (−dx/dt=m exp(nx), which is observed experimentally in numerous physiological and biochemical systems, and which has a simple derivation from solid state charge transport across interfaces in these systems. It therefore seems reasonable to interpret data conforming to the Webner-Fechner law to imply that the observed phenomenon is rate-limited by interfacial charge transport in the cell. By a similar analysis, the Loewenstein equation, which may be considered an exact form of the Weber-Fechner law applicable to data over a wider range of values of the variables, is derived from a more exact form of the Elovich equation.
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    Properties of the Leslie population matrix (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 199-203 
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    Notes: Abstract A simple similarity transformation of the Leslie matrix renders certain properties obvious. In particular the characteristic polynomial, characteristic vectors and principal vectors can be explicitly written out. Bounds for the dominant root are given.
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    Mathematical model of dynamic adhesion of lymphocytes on a glass-bead column (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 659-669 
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    Notes: Abstract A mathematical description of the process of adherence to glass of the rat thymus lymphocytes is presented. It is based on the result of previous work in which the process was studied in the course of the flow of the51Cr labelled cell suspension through the glass-bead column. The concentration of cell suspension, flow velocity and medium temperature were constant; the experiments were performed with different lengths of the bead bed. The amount of cells captured on the glass beads' surface was calculated as a function of time. Two approaches to the mathematical description of the process are presented. The first one is based on the linear equation of kinetics of cell retention on the elementary thin layer and on the transport equation of the flow of the suspension through the column. In the second one, the differential equation of the adhesion, derived from the experimental data, is discussed.
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    Extremum principles and the elastic and fluid mechanical behaviour of the human eye (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 83-86 
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    Notes: Abstract Complementary variational principles are derived for the pressure boundary value problems in Weinbaum's (1965) model of the human eye. These principles can be used to obtain accurate solutions for the pressure.
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    Analytical characterization of microvascular resistance distribution (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 71-82 
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    Notes: Abstract The bat wing is used as an experimental preparation and as a self-contained vascular bed. The number, dimensions, and distribution of the vessels of the real vascular bed are included into an analyzable, representative geometric configuration. Based on theoretical analysis and experimental data, equations are developed and utilized to characterize the pressure-flow relationships for each branching order of the vascular field. The geometric configuration and associated describing equations are used to determine the resistance distribution of the microvascular bed. The predicted values are compared with experimentally determined quantities in normal and hypertensive animals.
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    Distribution of end-points of a branching network with decaying branch length (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 219-237 
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    Notes: Abstract The geometry of the human bronchial tree has been described as a network formed by successive dichotomous branching with constant branching angles and geometrically decaying branch lengths. Models having these properties and with randomly distributed branching planes are constructed. The distribution of the end points of the model networks are described by computing the variance of the distributions in the direction of the axis of the network and in the transverse directions. It is found that, for a given decay ratio, there is a branching angle for which the volume filled by the end points is a maximum. The advantages of the network with the decay ratio and branching angle of the human bronchial tree are discussed.
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    Oxygen tension in thein vivo cornea (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 269-275 
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    Notes: Abstract The steady state distribution of oxygen tension in thein vivo cornea is estimated in the present study by using a nonlinear oxygen consumption rate equation of the Michaelis-Menten type. Such a rate expression is more accurate than the previous simplified versions in predicting the oxygen consumption rate. It is found that for an open eye with or without contact lens, the oxygen tensions predicted previously are in good agreement with these predicted in the present work. However, for a closed eye with or without contact lens, the previous predictions underestimate the oxygen tension.
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    Mathematical principles in afferent visual neurons: Differentiation, integration and transient proportionality related to receptive fields and shift-effect (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 253-267 
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    Notes: Abstract The dual reciprocal and antagonistic organization of B- and D-neurons of the afferent visual system is obtained using differentiation and integration as mathematical equivalents of visual information processing by an impulse frequency code. The spatial and temporal derivatives lead to the transient responses. A constant and a time-dependent term proportional to the luminance distribution describe the sustained response components and the shift-effect of retinal on- and off-center ganglion cells. Receptive field properties of lateral geniculate cells and their antagonistic shift-effect are obtained by passing the retinal output, i.e. the difference between B- and D-neurons' activity, once again through the same operations. However, the factor of proportionality is applied to the retina alone. The surprisingly small difference between retinal and geniculate receptive field properties on the one hand and the dramatic change from a synergistic to an antagonistic shift-effect on the other hand are thereby explained. The theory offers an understanding of a a possible functional significance of the shift-effect as a mechanism of transientrestoration of visual information, which prevents the system from total fading by means of shifts of the retinal image, normally produced by eye movements.
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    Connectivity in random networks (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 295-304 
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    Notes: Abstract Applications of randomly connected networks are reviewed briefly. The connectivity of a random network has been defined in a variety of ways including output connectivity, total or network connectivity, connectance, expected path length and radius. One or more of these definitions may prove more convenient in a given experimental system. Interrelations among these definitions are derived and displayed and asymptotic results provided in the form of two theorems. Computer simulations were used to explore the range of application of these asymptotic approximations. The results were used to determine the output connectivity of the neurons of the brain.
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    An addendum to “D'Arcy Thompson's theorems and the shape of the molluscan shell” (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 321-322 
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    Bifurcation analysis of reaction-diffusion equations—III. Chemical oscillations (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 325-350 
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    Other developments regarding the concept of energy in biological systems (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 547-563 
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    Notes: Abstract In order to recognize the realizability of inputs with different physical natures through a component, Yoneda's Lemma is applied. The major utility of this Lemma is when the components produce only energy. From this, it is assumed that a new material input must exist which was not recognized in the original developments in biological systems representation. Moreover, simple transfers of energy, between objects, components, and among both objects and components are developed under the generic name; energetical evolution. Thus, energetical evolution appears as anew element in the abstract representation of biological systems. These new concepts are incorporated into a new abstract diagram and a newM β category.
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    The chief abstractions of biology (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 569-571 
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    On peristaltic flow and its efficiency (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 573-596 
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    Notes: Abstract The question of efficiency in performing biological functions is raised in the context of peristaltic fluid transport. To deal with this problem a complete solution for peristaltic flow in a pipe and in a channel, assuming a given time mean flow, is developed, by a double expansion in terms of the Reynolds number and the square of the wave number. This solution is valid for arbitrary waveshapes. We resolve a long-standing problem and show that quite generally the pressure rise per wave length is constant on a cross section. We also show that for a sinusoidal wave (and others) the interaction of Reynolds number and wave number is a third-order effect for this pressure rise. Plow-type waves, nipple-type waves and the sinusoidal wave are compared for maximum efficiency and for minimum energy usage. It is found that large plows are best from mechanical efficiency considerations, but large nipples use the least energy. The biological implications of these results are discussed.
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    Two-regime model of the perfusion measuring heated thermocouple probe (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 633-642 
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    Notes: Abstract A theoretical analysis of the transient temperature responses of a heated thermocouple and its surroundingin vivo tissue is described. The model includes the effects of local blood perfusion, metabolic heat generation and blood pooling. The solutions presented are generalized for pulsed heating in the probe region. Inspection of these solutions reveals that for accurate experimental results precise knowledge of the tissue's thermal conductivity is necessary but that blood pooling around the probe may sometimes be regarded as an insignificant parameter.
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    Periodic and traveling wave solutions to Volterra-Lotka equations with diffusion (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 643-658 
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    Notes: Abstract Analytic and numerical solutions to two coupled nonlinear diffusion equations are studied. They are the modified equations of Volterra and Lotka for the spatially stratified predatorprey population model. In a bounded domain with the reflecting boundary, equilibrium, stability, and transition to time-periodic solutions are analyzed. For a wide class of initial states, the solutions to the initial boundary-value problem evolve into their corresponding stable, space-homogeneous, periodic oscillations. In an unbounded domain, a family of traveling wave solutions is found for certain exponential, initial distributions in the limit as the diffusion coefficientv 1 of the prey tends to zero. In the presence of both diffusions, the results of a numerical simulation to an initial-value problem showed the rapid formation of the Pursuit-Evasion Waves whose speed of propagation and amplitudes increase with the diffusion coefficientv 1.
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    Numerical integration of a stochastic model for the Volterra-Lotka reaction (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 535-546 
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    Notes: Abstract Time-integration of the master equation governing the birth-and-death model of the Volterra-Lotka reaction is carried out for three different initial conditions, with the results: (i) Fluctuations destroy the deterministic steady state in a manner quantitatively predicted from a cumulant expansion; (ii) The sustained oscillatory behavior predicted by the deterministic model degenerated after 1/4 cycle in the stochastic model; (iii) It is possible to select initial distributions such that the asymptotic distribution is a spike at the origin of the plane of reactants.
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    Lecture notes in biomathematics 4. Physics and mathematics of the nervous system (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 565-568 
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
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    Large deformation analysis of some basic problems in biophysics (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 701-712 
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    Notes: Abstract This study is concerned with the application of a possible form of a strain-energy function suitable for soft biological tissues. Two problems considered here are related to simultaneous extension and inflation of cylindrical arteries, and inflation of the left ventricle under a given internal pressure. The values of the material constants are obtained via comparison of theoretical results with experimental findings. Some details concerning the wall stresses and the elastic stiffness are also given in the paper. For each case, it is seen that experiment and theory are in good agreement.
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    On some Markov models of certain interacting populations (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 723-738 
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    Notes: Abstract We give a stochastic foundation to the Volterra prey-predator population in the following case. We take Volterra's predator equations and let a free host birth and death process support the evolution of the predator population. The purpose of this article is to present a rigorous population sample path construction of this interacted predator process and study the properties of this interacted process. The constructions yields a strong Markov process. The existence of steady-state distribution for the interacted predator process means the existence of equilibrium population level. We find a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a steady-state distribution. Next we see that if the host process possesses a steady-state distribution, so does the interacted predator process and this distribution satisfies a difference equation. For special choices of the auto death and interaction parametersa andb of the predator, whenever the host process visits the particular statea *=a/b the predator takes rest (saturates) from its evolution. We find the probability of asymptotic saturating of the predator.
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    A stochastic compartmental model with continuous infusion (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 695-700 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with stochasticm-compartmental systems with continuous time-dependent infusions into all compartments and reversible time-independent flows between any two compartments. A methodology for the first two moments of the distribution of the number of units in the different compartments at any point in time is outlined without resorting to the usual techniques of generating functions and inverse Laplace transforms. A possible application to a systems analysis of the kidney transplant system is discussed.
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    Kinetics of cell deposition under the action of an external field (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 713-721 
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    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of cellular depositon from a stagnant solution to a surface are studied, taking into account the combined effect of an interaction field between the cells and the surface and of an external field. Since the forces involved in the adhesion of cells to a surface are short ranged, the cells are conveyed to the vicinity of the surface only by the external field. The equations developed are general, in the sense that they are independent of any particular form of the potential energy function, provided that it presents an appreciable potential barrier between the cells and the deposition surface. The characteristic shape of the curve representing the decay of the fraction of cells in solution with time is shown to be affected by the value ofPt *, consisting of the probability per unit time,P, for the escape over the potential barrier, and the sedimentation time,t *. A simple inspection procedure of this curve can disclose the relative significance of the external field and of the potential barrier in the overall kinetics of deposition. In addition, such an inspection can reveal the existence of alterations in the cellular adhesiveness with increasing coverage of the deposition surface. By matching the equation obtained to experimental results, the cellular adhesiveness, in term ofP, and the sedimentation rate (in the case of very slow sedimentation) can be evaluated.
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    Bounds for generalized Dreitlein-Smoes models (1976)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 739-743 
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    Notes: Abstract The analysis of a previous paper obtaining bounds on the total population number of species (chemical or biological) described by the recently proposed Dreitlein-Smoes model of oscillatory kinetic systems, including diffusion, is extended to generalized models of the Dreitlein-Smoes type, describing a system ofS components withS〉2. The results for such generalized models are analogous to those of the previous case. It is found that the effects of diffusion serve to restrict the region in the concentration space available to limitcycle type oscillations.
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    Introduction (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 2 (1976), S. 3-4 
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    A macro-economic approach to risk management (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 2 (1976), S. 5-9 
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    The changing face of risk management (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 2 (1976), S. 10-13 
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    Les objectifs du risk management (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 2 (1976), S. 16-26 
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    A survey of the practice of risk management in West Europe companies (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 2 (1976), S. 27-55 
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    Préface (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 3 (1976), S. 5-6 
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    Introduction (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 3 (1976), S. 7-11 
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    Domaines de l'utilisation future de l'informatique (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 3 (1976), S. 11-17 
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    Etude des pertes envisageables (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 3 (1976), S. 17-40 
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    Réflexions sur les risques informatiques (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 3 (1976), S. 41-44 
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    Annexe A: Evaluation des pertes possibles et des méthodes de réduction dans les vingt secteurs d'application sélectionnés (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 3 (1976), S. 45-85 
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    Annexe B: Evolution technique et technologique (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 3 (1976), S. 86-90 
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    Annexe C: Fraudes et sabotages dans les systèmes informatiques (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 3 (1976), S. 90-97 
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    Annexe D: L'assurance en informatique (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 3 (1976), S. 97-101 
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    Annexe F: Les membres du panel (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 3 (1976), S. 105-106 
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    Annexe E: Comparaison entre l'étude de l'Association de Genève et l'étude SKANDIA (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 3 (1976), S. 101-105 
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    Summary: Research on the nature and importance of economic losses due to the utilisation of computer systems in Europe up to 1988 (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 3 (1976), S. 107-109 
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    Zusammenfassung: Studie über die Art und Bedeutung wirtschaftlicher Verluste bei Anwendung der Datenverarbeitunssysteme in Europa bis 1988 (1976)
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 3 (1976), S. 110-112 
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    Polymelie (Pygomelie) beim Rotfuchs (Vulpes vulpes) (1976)
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    European journal of wildlife research 22 (1976), S. 105-109 
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    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A report is made about a case of polymelie (pygomelie) in red fox. The malformation is illustrated with photographs, an X-ray, and a reconstructed skeleton. The additional appendage begins at the pelvis; the bones, often greatly reduced, are described. Mention is made of the occurrence of accessory extremities at the same place in man, cattle and roe deer. The causes of the polymelie are not known.
    Abstract: Résumé If est rendu compte d'un cas de Polymélie (Pygomélie) chez un Renard (Vulpes vulpes). La malformation est documentée par une photographie et une radiographie du cadavre de même que par un montage du squelette. Les membres supplémentaires se développent au niveau du bassin; une description est donnée de leurs os, dont plusieurs sont fortement réduits. On fait état de l'apparition, à ce niveau, d'extrémités accessoires chez l'Homme, le Bovidé et le Chevreuil. Les causes de la Polymélie ne sont pas encore connus.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über einen Fall von Polymelie (Pygomelie) beim Rotfuchs (Vulpes vulpes) berichtet. Die Mißbildung wird durch Photographie und Röntgenaufnahme der Tierleiche sowie durch ein montiertes Skelettpräparat belegt. Die zusätzliche Gliedmaße setzt am Becken an; ihre zum Teil stark reduzierten Knochen werden beschrieben. Auf das Vorkommen akzessorischer Extremitäten an der o. g. Stelle beim Menschen, Rind und Reh wird hingewiesen. Die Ursachen der Polymelie sind noch nicht bekannt.
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    Pathogenese der Hautfilariose beim Rothirsch (1976)
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    European journal of wildlife research 22 (1976), S. 112-115 
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    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The authors have studied the pathogenicity of the Filariosis of the skin, which is very frequent in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) from different hunting districts of the SR of Slovenia, Yugoslavia. Specific nodules varying from about the size of a pea to a nut are associated withOnchocerca flexuosa Wedl 1856. This filaria worm occurs in the subcutaneous tissue. The parasites lie coiled up in sterile abcesses, which exhibit a rise in the connective tissue and firm fibrotic reaction. Inside the nodules at various points are apparent small sinusoid cavities and numerous eosinophils and other blood cells may occur in the connective tissue. Using histological techniques, it is very easy to differentiate those nodules from the nodules in early stages, associated with Hypodermosis of the red deer.
    Abstract: Résumé Description des altérations des tissus de l'épiderme et du sous-épiderme chez un Cerf mâle atteint par Onchocerca flexuosa Wedl 1856. Les parasites étaient enrobés dans des nodules de la raille d'un pois à celle d'une noisette, constitués de proliférations de tissu conjonctif au sein duquel l'on trouvait des filaments cellulaires à lymphocytes ou des cavités remplies de sécrétions. Grâce à des analyses histologiques, il était possible de distinguer les nodules de Filariose de ceux de l'Hypodermose.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Beschrieben werden Veränderungen der Haut- und Unterhautgewebe bei einem Rothirsch, die vonOnchocerca flexuosa Wedl 1856 verursacht worden sind. In erbsen- bis nußgroßen Knötchen waren die Parasiten von üppigen Bindegewebsproliferationen umgeben, in denen stärkere Zellwucherungen mit Lymphozyten, zuweilen aber auch mit Absonderungen ausgefüllte Kavernen gefunden wurden. Mittels histologischer Untersuchungen war es möglich, filariöse Knötchen von denen bei Hypodermose zu unterscheiden.
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    Ehrung für Dr. Erhard Ueckermann (1976)
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    European journal of wildlife research 22 (1976), S. 118-118 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Treffen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft wildbiologischer und jagdkundlicher Forschungsstätten (1976)
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    European journal of wildlife research 22 (1976), S. 118-118 
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    Untersuchungen über Möglichkeiten des Lebendfangs von Füchsen zur Immunisierung gegen Tollwut (1976)
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    European journal of wildlife research 22 (1976), S. 161-169 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Zum Tode von Dipl.-Forst-Ing. P. M. Petrov (1976)
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    European journal of wildlife research 22 (1976), S. 169-170 
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    Vergleichende endoparasitologische Untersuchungen bei Feldhasen (Lepus europaeus Pallas) aus verschiedenen Revieren (1976)
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    European journal of wildlife research 22 (1976), S. 149-161 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In the first part of the study the results are reported of an examination for endoparasites of 52 European hares, which come from three contiguous districts in Lower Saxony (Helmstedt county). The hares were shot on hunting drives in December of 1974. Two entrails (3.8%) were free of worms; 71.2% were infested withTrichostrongylus retortaeformis and 59.6% withTrichuris leporis. No animal was found withGraphidium strigosum. In the average case, the infestation byTrichostrongylus retortaeformis was 50% higher in females than in males, while the infestation byTrichuris leporis was approximately the same for both sexes. The average body weight of examined males was 3.642 kg, and of females, 3.808 kg. The second part of the study consisted of a comparison of the results of several endoparasitological studies on hares. Of particular interest are the range and intensity of intestinal helminths in connection with climate and soil quality of the study areas. The pathology of the helminths and their effect on body weight is discussed.
    Abstract: Résumé La première partie de l'étude fait état des résultats d'un examen endoparasitologique de 52 intestins de lièvres provenant de trois territoires contigus de Basse-Saxe (District de Helmstedt). Le matériel fut recueilli en décembre 1974 à l'occasion de chasses en battue. Deux intestins (3,8%) étaient sains; 71,2% étaient contaminés parTrichostrongylus retortaeformis et 59,6% parTrichuris leporis. Aucune atteinte parGraphidium strigosum ne peut être mise en évidence. La contamination moyenne parTrichostrongylus retortaeformis était de 50% plus élevée chez les femelles que chez les mâles, tandis que pourTrichuris leporis elle était la même pour les deux sexes. Le poids des lièvres examinés se situait en moyenne à 3,642 kg pour les mâles et 3,808 kg pour les femelles. La deuxième partie de l'étude est consacrée à une comparaison des résultats de différents examens endoparasitologiques. Une attention particulière est accordée à la dispersion et le degré de contamination des helminthes gastéro-entéritiques en relation avec la nature du sol et le climat des territoires expérimentaux. La pathogénie des helminthes et leur influence sur le poids fait l'objet d'une discussion.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird über die Ergebnisse einer endoparasitologischen Untersuchung an 52 Hasengescheiden berichtet, die aus drei aneinandergrenzenden Revieren Niedersachsens (Kreis Helmstedt) stammten. Die Hasen wurden im Dezember 1974 anläßlich der Treibjagden erlegt. Zwei Gescheide (3,8%) waren wurmfrei; 71,2% waren mitTrichostrongylus retortaeformis und 59,6% mitTrichuris leporis befallen. Ein Befall mitGraphidium strigosum konnte bei keinem der Tiere nachgewiesen werden. Der durchschnittliche Wurmbefall lag fürTrichostrongylus retortaeformis bei den weiblichen Tieren um 50% höher als bei den männlichen, während er fürTrichuris leporis bei beiden Geschlechtern ungefähr gleich war. Als durchschnittliches Körpergewicht wurden für die untersuchten männlichen Hasen 3,642 kg und für die weiblichen 3,808 kg ermittelt. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird eine vergleichende Betrachtung über die Ergebnisse verschiedener endoparasitologischer Untersuchungen an Hasen angestellt. Dabei finden die Verbreitung und die Befallstärken der Magen-Darm-Helminthen im Zusammenhang mit Bodenbeschaffenheit und Klima der Versuchsgebiete besondere Berücksichtigung. Die Pathogenität der Helminthen und ihre Einfluß auf das Körpergewicht werden diskutiert.
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    Prof. Dr. Hans Schulze verstorben (1976)
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    European journal of wildlife research 22 (1976), S. 170-170 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    XXIII. Generalversammlung des Internationalen Jagdrates in Brüssel (1976)
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    European journal of wildlife research 22 (1976), S. 171-172 
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    XIII. Kongreß Internationaler Ring der Jagdwissenschaftler (International Congress of Game Biologists) im März 1977 in Atlanta/Georgia, USA (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 22 (1976), S. 172-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01906790
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  • 93
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    Referate (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 22 (1976), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01906791
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  • 94
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    Serumproteine bei Reh (Capreolus capreolus L., 1758), Rothirsch (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) und Gams (Rupicapra rupicapra L., 1758) (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 22 (1976), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Blood serum electrophoresis (short time electrophoresis using cellulose acetate films) exhibits characteristic species differences in the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). In all species examined remarkable variations of serum protein components were observed. These variations might be due to the age-dependent decrease of the albumin-fraction and to the simultaneous increase of the γ-globulin-fraction. The age-dependent shift of the albumin/globulin ratio to higher globulin fraction values is a well-known feature in domestic ruminant species. However, the reported values might have been distorted by other factors (e.g. type of electrophoretic method, blood sampling procedure, possible infections in the animals tested). Immunoelectrophoretical methods should be able to overcome these distorting influences.
    Abstract: Résumé Les sérums du Chevreuil, du Cerf et du Chamois montrent, par électrophorèse de courte durée sur feuille d'acétate de cellulose, des courbes qui leur sont spécefiques. Les fortes amplitudes que l'on observe pour les différentes fonctions sont essentiellement attribuées à la diminution, en fonction de l'âge, de l'albumine, parallèlement à l'accroissement de la gamma-globuline. Le glissement, en fonction de l'âge, des quotients albumine/globuline en faveur de la globuline est aussi connu chez les ruminants domestiques. D'autres facteurs (méthode, matériel, infection) pouvant influencer le comportement quantitatif des protéines sériques font l'objet d'une discussion et des recherches immuno-électrophorétiques sont proposées.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Seren von Reh, Rothirsch und Gams zeigen bei der Kurzzeitelektrophorese auf CAF artspezifisch typische Elektrophorese-Kurven. Die bei den Kollektiven vorkommenden großen Streubreiten für die Einzelfraktionen werden vorwiegend auf die mit zunehmendem Alter der Tiere zu beobachtende Abnahme des Albumins bei gleichzeitiger Vermehrung der γ-Globuline zurückgeführt. Die altersmäßig bedingte Verschiebung des Albumin/Globulin-Quotienten zugunsten der Globuline ist auch bei den domestizierten Wiederkäuern bekannt. Die Möglichkeiten anderer Einflüsse (Methode, Material, Infekte) auf das quantitative Verhalten der Serumproteine werden diskutiert und immunelektrophoretische Untersuchungen vorgeschlagen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01889546
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  • 95
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    Untersuchungen am Verdauungstrakt von Reh, Damhirsch und Mufflon (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 22 (1976), S. 184-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In this study, measurements were carried out on the weight and capacity of the digestive system of 80 roe deer, 16 fallow deer and 19 mouflon. The percentage of the digestive tract compared to the body weight was slightly smaller in roe deer than in fallow deer, while the mouflon showed the highest values. The variations in the weight proportions of the stomachs as against the intestines from 1.7∶1 in the case of roe, to 2.2∶1 in fallow and to 3∶1 in mouflon were above all caused by differences of the filled ruminoreticulum. The maximum volume of the ruminoreticulum differed between 22 Liter/100 kg body weight in roe deer and 33 in the mouflon. This small capacity of the rumen of roe deer was also filled with the lowest amount of digesta compared to the other species. These data support the opinion that roe deer belong to the browsers, mouflon to the grazers while fallow deer tend to be an intermediate feeding type.
    Abstract: Résumé Les poids et les capacités stomacales ont été relevés sur 80 chevreuils, 16 daims et 19 mouflons. La proportion de tractus intestinaux remplis était plus faible chez le Chevreuil que chez le Daim et surtout que chez le Mouflon. Les différences de rapports pondéraux entre le tractus stomacal et les intestins (1,7∶1 chez le Chevreuil, 2,2∶1 chez le Daim, 3∶1 chez le Mouflon) résultent surtout de différences de poids de l'ensemble pansebonnet. La capacité du ruminoreticulum variait entre 22 chez le Chevreuil et 33 litres/100 kg de poids du corps chez le Mouflon, le volume plus réduit de l'ensemble pansebonnet chez le Chevreuil étant en outre rempli d'une quantité d'ingesta moindre. Ces données confirment l'hypothèse suivant laquelle le Chevreuil est à ranger parmi les animaux qui sélectionnent une nourriture concentrée, le Mouflon parmi les animaux consommateurs d'aliments fibreux grossiers, le Daim, quant à lui, occupant une position intermédiaire. Reste ouverte la question de savoir dans quelles circonstances peuvent être observées les valeurs caractéristiques pour chacun des types d'animaux.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An 80 Rehen, 16 Stück Damwild und 19 Mufflon wurden Gewichts- und Kapazitätsmessungen am Verdauungstrakt durchgeführt. Der Anteil des gefüllten Intestinaltraktes am Körpergewicht war beim Reh geringer als beim Damhirsch und lag weit unter dem des Mufflon. Das unterschiedliche Gewichtsverhältnis des Magentraktes zum Darmsystem von 1,7∶1 beim Reh, 2,2∶1 beim Damhirsch und 3∶1 beim Mufflon beruhte vor allem auf Gewichtsunterschieden des Pansen-Haubenraumes. Das Fassungsvermögen des Ruminoreticulum schwankte zwischen 22 beim Reh und 33 Litern/100 kg Körpergewicht beim Muffelwild, wobei die geringere Kapazität des Pansen-Haubenraumes beim Reh zudem durch eine geringere Ingestamenge gefüllt war. Die Daten bestätigen die Annahme, daß Rehe den Typ des Konzentratselektierers und Muffelwild den des Grobfaserfressers verkörpern, während Damhirsche eher eine Intermediärstellung einnehmen. Dabei ist noch offen, unter welchen Umständen die für den jeweiligen Äsungstyp charakteristischen Werte zu beobachten sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01889547
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  • 96
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    Explicit duality for convex homogeneous programs (1976)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 176-191 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract When all the functions that define a convex program are positively homogeneous, then a dual convex program can be constructed which is defined in terms of the primal data only (the primal variables do not appear). Furthermore, the dualizing process, carried out on the dual program, yields the primal. Several well-known examples of convex programs with explicit duals are shown to be special cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580666
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  • 97
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    Optimized relative step size random searches (1976)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 230-244 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract New results concerning the family of random searches as proposed by Rastrigin are presented. In particular, the random search with reversals and two optimized relative step size random searches are investigated. Random searches with reversals are found to be substantially better than their counterparts. A new principle of updating the step size for this family of searches is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580669
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  • 98
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    On generalizing shapley's index theory to labelled pseudomanifolds (1976)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 245-262 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For a bimatrix game one may visualize two bounded polyhedronsX andY, one for each player. OnX × Y one may visualize, as a graphG, the set of almost-complementary points (see text). $$\bar G$$ consists of an even number of nodes, one for each complementary point (one for the origin, others corresponding to extreme points which are equilibrium points); arcs (extreme point paths of almost complementary points); and possibly loops (paths with no equilibrium points). Shapley has shown that one may assign indices (+) and (−) to nodes, and directions called (+) and (−) to arcs or loops in such a way that, leaving a (+) node one moves always in a (+) direction, terminating at a (−) node. Indices and directions for a point are determined knowing only the point. In this paper, these concepts are generalized to labelled pseudomanifolds. An integer labelling of the vertices identifies theG-set of almost-completely labelled simplexes. It is shown that in order for theG-set of any labelling to be directed as above it is necessary and sufficient that the pseudomanifold be orientable. Realized examples for situations of current interest are also developed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580670
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  • 99
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    On triangulations for computing fixed points (1976)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 322-346 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper introduces theoretical measures of efficiency for triangulations used in computing fixed points. The measures, for both regular triangulations ofR n and those with continuous refinement of grid size, are based on an average count of the number of simplices met by straight line segments. The computation of these measures is facilitated by a description of the facets as well as the vertices of a triangulation. We give a simple description of a modification of Eaves' and Saigal's K3 and compute the measures of efficiency of three regular triangulations ofR n and two triangulations of (0, 1] ×R n with continuous refinement of grid size, including the modified K3.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580679
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  • 100
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    Integer programming approaches to the travelling salesman problem (1976)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 367-378 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The availability of an LP routine where we can add constraints and reoptimize, makes it possible to adopt an integer programming approach to the travelling-salesman problem. Starting with some of the constraints that define the problem we use either a branching process or a cutting planes routine to eliminate fractional solutions. We then test the resulting integer solution against feasibility and if necessary we generate the violated constraints and reoptimize until a “genuine” feasible solution is achieved. Usually only a small number of the omitted constraints is generated. The generality of the method and the modest solution times achieved leads us to believe that such an LP approach to other combinatorial problems deserves further consideration.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580682
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