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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (5,204)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (3,022)
  • 1975-1979  (2,182)
  • 1983  (3,022)
  • 1975  (2,182)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (3,022)
  • 1975-1979  (2,182)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 230-233 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 245-247 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 235-240 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 240-245 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 270-277 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion behaviour of hot dip galvanized steel in cold and warm model waters with gassing by CO2 and/or O2 and as a function of lime hardnessIn oxygen-or carbon dioxide free waters the corrosion is due to the evolution of hydrogen from water; this corrosion is accelerated by higher chloride contents. It is therefore advisable to keep chloride contents below 150 mg/l Cl-. In the presence of oxygen the zinc coating is attacked by oxygen; here, too, the influence of chlorides is quite evident. The presence of a certain water hardness gives rise to the formation of protective layers. When the water contains carbon dioxide the corrosion is of the acid type; it is inhibited, however, by protective layer formation. It should be borne in mind, that the hardness of water has a favourable effect only in cold waters, while it is very deleterious in warm waters. Water flow gives rise to accelerated corrosion. Pitting can be prevented by oxygen elimination or by the formation of protective layers. This layer formation is optimum under lime-carbonic acid equilibrium conditions.
    Notes: In sauerstoff- und kohlendioxidfreien Wässern ist die Korrosion bedingt durch Wasserstoffentwicklung aus Wasser; dieser Angriff wird durch höhere Chloridgehalte beschleunigt. Es ist daher zweckmäßig, die Chloridgehalte unter 150 mg/l Cl- zu halten. In Gegenwart von Sauerstoff wird das Zink durch Sauerstoffkorrosion angegriffen, wobei ebenfalls der Chloridgehalt deutlich erkennbar ist. Bei einer bestimmten Wasserhärte bilden sich schützende Schichten. Enthält das Wasser Kohlendioxid, so handelt es sich um eine Säurekorrosion, die jedoch durch Schutzschichtbildung gehemmt werden kann. Zu berücksichtigen ist, daß sich die Wasserhärte nur in kalten Wässern günstig auswirkt, in warmen Wässern hingegen ungünstige Wirkung besitzt. Durch Strömung wird die Korrosion beschleunigt. Lochfraß kann durch Freihalten von Sauerstoff oder durch Schutzschichtbildung verhindert werden. Diese Schutzschichtbildung erfolgt optimal beim Kalk-Kohlensäuregleichgewicht.
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  • 6
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 278-287 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies concerning the corrosion behaviour of cast and wrought implant materialsImplants can fulfill their substitution duty in the body for decades only if the materials used are resistant to pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue in chloride-containing body fluids.This applies especially to the new generation of compound endoprotheses. Though these combine the advantages of cast moving parts with those of forged anchorage shafts, there is a possibility of galvanic element formation.The susceptibility of various implant alloys to these different types of corrosion is determined, with special emphasis on the compound design of joint endoprotheses.
    Notes: Implantate können ihre Ersatzfunktion im Körper nur dann über Jahrzehnte erfüllen, wenn zu ihrer Fertigung Werkstoffe verwendet werden, die im chloridhaltigen Körpermilieu gegen Lochfraß, Spalt-, Spannungsriß- und Ermüdungskorrosion beständig sind.Dies gilt insbesondere auch für die neue Generation von Verbundendoprothesen, in denen die Vorzüge gegossener Bewegungsteile mit denjenigen geschmiedeter Verankerungsschäfte vereinigt sind, wobei jedoch die Möglichkeit galvanischer Elementbildung besteht.In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Anfälligkeit verschiedener Implantatlegierungen gegen die erwähnten Korrosionsformen untersucht, wobei Verbundkonstruktionen bei Gelenkendoprothesen besondere Berücksichtigung finden.
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  • 7
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 32-36 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Composite tubes with high corrosion resistance at high temperaturesThis paper describes studies on the compatibility of alloys used in composite tubes exposed to 600-800 °C. The alloys were chosen on the basis that one (ironrich, clad alloy) has good high temperature strength and the other (nickel-chromium cladding) has good high temperature corrosion resistance. The interdiffusion of elements from one alloy to the other has been studied using the microprobe analyser.The interdiffusion of major alloy elements (e.g. iron) is affected both by the chromium content of the cladding and the zirconium content (added to improve hot workability). The diffusion of carbon from the clad alloy into the cladding is controlled by the identity of the carbide forming elements in the clad material. The mechanism of these compositional effects is discussed.
    Notes: Dieser Bericht beschreibt die Verträglichkeit von Legierungspaarungen bei Verbundrohren, die Temperaturen von 600-800 °C ausgesetzt sind. Die Werkstoffe wurden so ausgewählt, daß die eine Legierung (eisenhaltige, plattierte Legierung) eine gute Warmfestigkeit hat, während die andere (nickel-chrom-plattierte) Legierung eine gute Korrosionsbeständigkeit bei hohen Temperaturen aufweist. Die Diffusion der Elemente durch die Grenzfläche von einer Legierung zur anderen wurde durch Analyse mittels Elektronenstrahlsonde untersucht.Die Grenzflächendiffusion der Haupt-Legierungselemente (z. B. Eisen) wird beeinflußt durch den Chromgehalt der Plattierung und durch den Zirkongehalt (wird zugesetzt, um eine Heißbearbeitung zu verbessern). Die Kohlenstoffdiffusion des Grundwerkstoffes in die Plattierung wird durch die Gleichheit der karbidbildenden Elemente in den beiden Werkstoffen gesteuert. Der Mechanismus der Legierungseinflüsse wird diskutiert.
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  • 8
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 45-47 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion by weld slag of refractory chromium nickel steels in radiative heating tubesThe elevated sulfur concentration in the weld slags on refractory steels with nickel contents between 10 and 48% has given rise to considerable corrosion and the steels were destroyed by the low melting NiS eutectic. This corrosion is more severe in atmospheres resulting from incomplete combustion than in oxidizing atmospheres. Corrosions have been encountered in nonwelded material, too; in this case the formation of NiS can be attributed to the presence of CaO in the blast furnace gas; the incrustations then formed behaved like the welding slag and absorbed sulfur from the gas. It is recommended in such cases to weld not with wire electrodes but to use the TIG method.
    Notes: Die hohe Schwefelkonzentration in der Schweißschlacke führte zu starker Korrosion hitzebeständiger Stähle mit Nickelgehalten zwischen 10 und 48%; die Stähle wurden durch das NiS-Eutektikum (niedriger Schmelzpunkt) zerstört. Der Angriff ist in unvollständig verbrannten Atmosphären stärker als in oxidierenden. Auch im nichtgeschweißten Material trat Korrosion auf; in diesem Fall war die Bildung des NiS bedingt durch die Anwesenheit von CaO in dem zur Heizung verwendeten Gichtgas; die Staubablagerungen verhielten sich dann wie Schweißschlacke und nahmen Schwefel aus dem Gas auf. Es empfiehlt sich daher, in solchen Fällen nicht mit Elektrode und Zusatzdraht zu schweißen, sondern nach dem WIG-Verfahren zu arbeiten.
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  • 9
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 48-53 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 72-73 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 11
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 80-83 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 12
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 74-80 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 14
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 90-90 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 15
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 90-90 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 17
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 166-167 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 18
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 167-168 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 20
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 172-173 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 21
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 83-83 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 22
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 84-86 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 23
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 86-87 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 24
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 90-90 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 25
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 36-41 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion resistance of stainless steels at the atmosphere - Evaluation of the results of weathering tests up to 10 years' duration -The evaluation of results obtained in the course of weathering tests up to 10 years' duration has confirmed the conclusions drawn after one year's exposition. A CrNiMo steel (Werkstoff-Nr. 1.4401) can be used even in the most severe conditions; slight corrosions found in marine atmospheres can be attributed to unpolished surfaces. The 17% Cr steel is considerably attacked in industrial and marine atmospheres and should not be used for the external parts of buildings. 18/8 steels are perfectly resistant to urban atmosphere, with the exception of those portions which are not exposed to the cleaning effect of rain waters. In all the cases studied the corrosion resistance of the steels has been improved by electropolishing. Electrochemical studies have further revealed that the pitting corrosion susceptibility decreases in the same order as the atmospheric corrosion resistance.
    Notes: Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse, die bei Bewitterungsversuchen bis zu 10 Jahren Dauer erhalten wurde, hat die Schlußfolgerungen bestätigt, die nach einjähriger Auslagerung gezogen wurden. Danach kann ein CrNiMo-Stahl (Werkstoff-Nr. 1.4401) auch unter den schärfsten Bedingungen verwendet werden; geringfügige Korrosionserscheinungen in Meeresatmosphäre können der Tatsache zugeschrieben werden, daß die Oberfläche nicht poliert war. Der Stahl mit 17% Cr wird in Industrie- und Meeresatmosphäre stark angegriffen und ist deshalb zur Außenanwendung an Gebäuden unter diesen Bedingungen nicht geeignet. Der Stahl 18/8 ist in Stadtatmosphäre vollkommen beständig; eine Ausnahme bilden die Teile, die nicht dem Wascheffekt des Regenwassers ausgesetzt sind. In allen Fällen wird die Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Stähle durch elektrolytisches Polieren verbessert. Elektrochemische Untersuchungen haben ergeben, daß die Lochfraßempfindlichkeit in der gleichen Reihenfolge wie die Korrosionsanfälligkeit an der Atmosphäre abnimmt.
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  • 26
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 331-331 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 27
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 331-331 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 29
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 30
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 31
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. XXIII 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 32
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 333-337 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion in warm water heating systemsCorrosion in warm water heating systems is due to the presence of oxygen. In open systems oxygen can penetrate into the warm water by expansion vessels, at high through-puts because of unfavorable fitting connections of pumps and as a consequence of malfunctioning. Corrosion in closed systems occurs only in cases of temporary penetration of oxygen followed by air cushion formation. In view of the fact that the formation of protective surface layers from water constituents is able to reduce oxygen corrosion it is recommended to apply water softening only in such cases where the inhibition of incrustation becomes a necessity.
    Notes: Korrosionsschäden in Warmwasserheizungen sind nur bei Eintritt von Sauerstoff möglich. In offenen Heizungen kann der für eine Korrosion notwendige Sauerstoff über Ausdehnungsgefäße infolge zu hohen Wasserdurchsatzes, bedingt durch ungünstige Schaltungen, über Pumpenanschlüsse oder durch falsche Betriebsweisen in das Heizungswasser gelangen. Auch in geschlossenen Anlagen tritt nur dann ein Korrosionsschaden oder die sekundär bedingte, störende Gaspolsterbildung auf, wenn zeitweilig Luftsauerstoff in das System gelangen kann. Die Art des Heizungswassers kann über eine Deckschichtbildung bei Sauerstoffzutritt die Korrosionsneigung verringern, so daß eine Enthärtung nur dann gewählt werden sollte, wenn sie zur Vermeidung von kritischer Wassersteinbildung erforderlich ist.
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  • 33
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 338-342 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Determination of corrosion rates in liquid media using radionuclidesThe method described is simple and yields results in a short time even at rather low corrosion rates. The lowest rates measured here were of the order of 1 to 10 mg/m2. day. This sensitivity can even be increased by suitable measuring setups. In the case of steels it is possible without difficulty to separately measure up to three constituents, so that it is possible to study corrosion phenomena in the passivity and transition regions. On principle γ and β-radiation can be used but the former is preferable in particular for the analysis of several constitutents. The half life of the radionuclides should be of the order of several hours and the γ-energies must not be below 100 keV. The experiments have been carried out with the following systems: CrNiMo-steels in sulfuric and hydrochloric acids and FeCl3 solutions.
    Notes: Die beschriebene Methode ist einfach und liefert auch bei niedrigen Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten schon nach kurzer Zeit Ergebnisse. Die geringsten gemessenen Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten lagen im Bereich zwischen 1 und 10 mg/m2. Tag. Diese Empfindlichkeit kann mit Hilfe von geeigneten Meßanordnungen noch weiter erhöht werden. Im Falle der Stähle kann man ohne Schwierigkeit bis zu drei Bestandteile getrennt messen, so daß auch die Untersuchung von Korrosionsvorgängen im Passiv- und im Übergangsbereich möglich ist. Grundsätzlich sind die γ- und die β-Strahlung geeignet, die erste ist jedoch vorzuziehen, besonders zur Analyse mehrerer Bestandteile. Die Halbwertszeit der Radionuklide muß in der Größenordnung von mehreren Stunden liegen und die γ-Energie darf nicht weniger als 100 keV betragen. Die Versuche wurden speziell mit den folgenden Systemen durchgeführt: CrNiMo-Stähle in Schwefel- und Salzsäure sowie in FeCl3-Lösung.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 342-349 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Phenomena involved in the formation of protective layers in galvanized steel tubingOn the basis of studies in connection with the influence of time and flow rate on the corrosion of zinc it is possible to say that the corrosion rate is not time dependent, while it is a function of water pH and of flow conditions. It is approximately inversely proportional to the thickness of the diffusion boundary layer. The values obtained by electrochemical tests point to a strong inhibition of the partial cathodic reactions; this inhibition increases continuously with time because of this inhibition the Stern-Geary formula is not applicable; consequently it is not possible to electrochemically determine the corrosion loss in a short time. It is equally impossible to interprete i(U) curves and polarization resistance on the basis of experimental results so far available.
    Notes: Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen über den Einfluß der Zeit und der Fließgeschwindigkeit auf den Zinkabtrag gestatten folgende Aussagen:Die Zinkabtragsrate ist zeitlich konstant und abhängig vom pH-Wert des Wassers und von der Fließbedingung. Die ist näherungsweise umgekehrt proportional der Diffusionsgrenzschichtdicke.Elektrochemische Meßgrößen zeigen, daß anodische und kathodische Teilvorgänge stark gehemmt sind und daß zeitlich die Hemmwirkung stetig zunimmt. Das führt dazu, daß die Stern-Geary-Beziehung nicht anwendbar ist und somit eine schnelle Bestimmung der Abtragsrate elektrochemisch nicht erfolgen kann. Die Interpretation von i(U)-Kurven und Polarisationswiderständen ist z. Z. mit den vorliegenden Untersuchungsergebnissen nicht möglich.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 355-355 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 359-361 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 356-356 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Study of a dental alloy based on gold platinum alloyThe alloy which contains a certain quantity of silicon is composed of mixed crystals with inclusions of intermetallic compounds. During thermal treatment (for degassing) a surface layer of SiO2 is formed. This layer acts on the one hand as an adhesive for the dental porcelaine and on the other hand in contact with saliva is transformed into a colloidal condition which is required for appropriate physiological condition.
    Notes: Die Legierung, die auch eine gewisse Menge Silicium enthält, besteht aus Mischkristallen mit Einschlüssen intermetallischer Verbindungen. Bei der Wärmebehandlung (zur Entladung) entsteht an der Oberfläche eine SiO2-Schicht, die einerseits als Haftmittel für das Dentalporzellan dient und andererseits bei Kontakt mit Speichel in einen kolloidalen Zustand übergeht, so daß ein physiologisch einwandfreies Verhalten erreicht wird.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 134-137 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidation of austenitic steel welds at elevated temperaturesTwo steels (18-21 Cr, 8-11 Ni and 17-20 Cr, 7-10 Ni) welded with filler material of the composition 18 Cr, 11 Ni, have been studied with respect to their resistance to oxidizing atmospheres in the temperature range between 850 and 1000°C, test durations being up to 5000 h. The behaviour has been evaluated in terms of scale properties (compactness, adhesion), structural stability (by metallographic methods), scale composition (with the micro analizer) and investigation of diffusion from the base metal. On the basis of the results obtained it may be concluded that the base metal could be exposed to a maximum temperature of 900°C, while the welded zone is not sufficiently resistant at that temperature; consequently, the service temperature should be limited to a maximum of 850°C.
    Notes: Zwei Stähle (18-21 Cr, 8-11 Ni und 17-20 Cr, 7-10 Ni), geschweißt mit Elektroden der Zusammensetzung 18 Cr, 11 Ni, wurden auf ihre Beständigkeit in oxidierender Atmosphäre im Temperaturbereich zwischen 850 und 1000°C bei Versuchsdauern bis 5000 h untersucht. Die Auswertung erfolgt aufgrund der Zundereigenschaften (Kompaktheit, Haftfestigkeit), Gefügestabilität (metallographische Untersuchung), Zunderzusammensetzung (mittels Mikroanalysator) und Untersuchung der Diffusion von Grundwerkstoff aus. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse ist zu schließen, daß das Grundmetall für eine max, Temperatur von 900°C geeignet ist, während die geschweißte Zone bei dieser Temperatur nicht ausreichend beständig ist; infolgedessen muß die Einsatztemperatur auf maximal 850°C beschränkt werden.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Results of studies into surface layers in copper tubingSurface layers of various compositions are formed in copper tubing for potable and industrial waters under service conditions and depending on water conditions. A first classification may be made in macroscopic terms; the composition of the layers is determined by chemical wet analysis and by X-ray investigations. On the basis of these findings it is possible to work out a systematic classification which provides a justification of the classification by types given above. Tests with different waters made in parallel enable the individual types of layers to be correlated with water conditions. The examination of corrosion failures on copper tubes from potable and industrial water systems has shown that defined types of corrosion may by correlated with defined types of surface layers. Finally the authors deal with the causes of corrosion in copper tubing.
    Notes: In Kupferrohren für Trink- und Brauchwasser bilden sich während des Betriebes je nach Wasserverhältnissen unterschiedliche Deckschichten aus.Sie können zunächst makroskopisch in die Typen I bis III unterteilt werden. Durch naßchemische und röntgenografische Untersuchungen wurde die Zusammensetzung der Schichten ermittelt. Hierdurch konnte eine Systematik erarbeitet werden, die die Einteilung nach Typen rechtfertigt.Durch parallele Untersuchungen von Wässern wird es möglich, eine Zuordnung der einzelnen Schichttypen zu Wasserverhältnissen zu geben.Bei der Untersuchung von Korrosionsschäden an Kupferrohren aus Trink- und Brauchwasseranlagen ergab sich, daß bestimmte Korrosionsformen den definierten Schicht-typen zugeordnet werden können. Zur Abrundung wird auf Ursachen für das Auftreten von Korrosion bei Kupferrohren eingegangen.
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  • 79
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of copper on the corrosion behaviour of galvanized tubing in warm water systemsTests carried out with tap water (65°C) containing 0.1 to 0.3 mg/l Cu2+ have revealed that copper ions give rise to accelerated corrosion of tube walls. Corrosion takes place in the form of pitting. The intensity and frequency of pits increase as the copper content is increased and the pH value is decreased. Corrosion products formed on the zinc are predominantly a basic zinc carbonate, while copper is found in a coagulated form at the surface or embedded in the surface layer. The copper content of the corrosion products increases as the copper content of the water is increased and may attain up to 12.5%.
    Notes: Versuche mit Leitungswasser (65°C) mit Kupfergehalten von 0,1 bis 0,3 mg/l Cu2+ zeigen deutlich, daß Kupferionen die Korrosion der Rohrwände beschleunigen. Diese Korrosion hat Lochfraßcharakter. Die Intensität der Korrosion und die Lochzahl steigen mit zunehmendem Kupfergehalt und abnehmendem pH-Wert. Bei den auf Zink entstehenden Korrosionsprodukten handelt es sich im wesentlichen um ein basisches Zinkcarbonat; Kupfer findet sich in koagulierter Form an der Oberfläche oder eingebettet in der Deckschicht. Der Kupfergehalt der Korrosionsprodukte steigt mit dem Kupfergehalt im Wasser und kann bis 12,5% erreichen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 287-288 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 289-290 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 306-308 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 310-316 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 308-310 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 321-323 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 320-321 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 316-320 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 323-324 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 324-326 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 326-331 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 91-91 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 91-91 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 443-449 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurement of surface area changes on iron during acid corrosion, by the potentiostatic pulse methodIn order to avoid a wrong interpretation of the results of corrosion tests account should be taken of the fact that during the anodic dissolution of iron considerable changes of the ture surface area may occur. The author has determined the double layer capacity, using the potentiostatic pulse method which has no effect on the reactions occurring at the electrodes and which yields largely reproducible results (±2%). The capacity of the double layer is obtained from the cumulative charge which, in turn, may be obtained from oscillographic current/time curves as a functions of the tension pulse. A theoretical analysis of the currenttime curves has shown that the electrolyte resistance - between measuring probe and working electrode - does not produce measuring electrode - does not produce measuring errors, since the capacitive charge current becomes zero as soon as the double layer has been charged. It should be noted, however, that there is an effect due to the Faradayic current, which depends from the polarization resistance of the test electrode. At polarization resistances exceeding 100 ohms the total current may be assumed to be comparable to the capacitive charge current, a fact considerably facilitating the calculation of the double layer.
    Notes: Um eine falsche Deutung der Ergebnisse von Korrosionsversuchen zu vermeiden, muß dabei die Tatsache berücksichtigt werden, daß bei der anodischen Auflösung des Eisens sich die wahre Oberflächerngröße beträchtlich verändert. Der Verfasser hat die Doppelschichtkapazität mit Hilfe der potentiostatischen Impulsmethode untersucht, die keinen Einfluß auf die an den Elektroden ablaufenden Reaktionen hat und weitgehend reproduzierbare Ergebnisse liefert (±2%). Die Kapazität der Doppelschicht ergibt sich aus der Ladungsmenge, die aus den oszillografischen Strom/Zeit-Kurven in Abhängigkeit vom Spannungsimpuls erhalten werden kann. Eine theoretische Analyse der Strom/Zeit-Kurven hat gezeigt, daß der Elektrolytwiderstand - zwischen Meßsonde und Arbeitselektrode - zu keinen Meßfehlern führt, denn der kapazitive Ladestrom wird gleich Null, sobald die Doppelschicht aufgeladen ist. Zu beachten ist jedoch der Einfluß des Faraday'schen Stroms, der vom Polarisationswiderstand der Versuchselektrode abhängt. Wenn der Polarisationswiderstand über 100 Ohm liegt, kann man Gesamtstrom ≈kapazitiver Ladestrom setzen so daß sich die Berechnung der Doppelschicht beträchtlich vereinfacht.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 433-443 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion in the heat-affected zone of welds in chemically resistant steels and alloys, and respective preventive measuresAs to weldability, chemically resistant steels and alloys can be classified as follows: (1) weldable without any restriction; (2) weldable only with reduced wall thickness; (3) weldable only with ultimate thermal treatment. These restrictions are due to the precipitation of chromium carbide and intermetallic phases at the grain boundaries; this effect gives rise to a Cr and Mo depletion and, finally, to intercrystalline corrosion susceptibility. In view of the fact that weldability requires the delay of the precipitation of chromium carbides at 650°C for at least 1 hour, and of intermetallic phases at 900°C for at least 10 min it is possible to reduce the carbon content and/or to add stabilizing elements (Ti, Nb). It should be taken into account, however, that the precipitation behaviour is not a function of carbon concentration, but rather of carbon activity which, again, depends from the overall composition of the respective alloy. This activity is increased by Ni and Si, while Mn and N function as decelerators and, consequently, contribute to weldability. In the case of the steel X 3 CrNiMoN 17 13 5 the addition of N inhibits not only the carbide precipitation but also the precipitation of the Chi-phase (at 950°C). In the case of the alloy NiMo 16 Cr the gradual reduction of the contents of secondary constituents has resulted in a practically pure ternary system characterized by high precipitation resistance: carbides are precipitated only after 5 hours at 800°C.
    Notes: Die chemisch beständigen Stähle und Legierungen können hinsichtlich ihrer Schweißbarkeit wie folgt eingeteilt werden; (1) uneingeschränkt schweißbar; (2) schweißbar bei verringerter Wanddicke; (3) schweißbar nur bei nachträglicher Wärmebehandlung. Die Beschränkungen ergeben sich durch die Ausscheidung von Chromcarbiden und intermetallischen Phasen an den Korngrenzen; hierdurch kommt es zu einer Chrom- und Molybdänverarmung und schließlich zu einer Anfälligkeit für interkristalline Korrosion. Die Schweißbarkeit ist dann gegeben, wenn die Chromcarbidausscheidung bei 650 °C um mindestens 1 Stunde, die Ausscheidung intermetallischer Phasen bei 900 °C um mindestens 10 Minuten verzögert ist, dazu kann man den Kohlenstoffgehalt reduzieren und/oder stabilisierende Elemente (Ti, Nb) zusetzen. Dabei ist jedoch zu berücksichtigen, daß das Ausscheidungsverhalten nicht von der Konzentration, sondern von der Aktivität des Kohlenstoffs abhängt, wobei die Aktivität wiederum eine Funktion der gesamten Zusammensetzung des Werkstoffs ist. Die Aktivität wird z. B. durch Ni und Si erhöht, durch Mn und N hingegen verringert, so daß diese Elemente die Schweißbarkeit verbessern. Im Falle des Stahls X 3 ZrNiMo 17 13 5 wird durch Zusatz von Stickstoff nicht nur die Carbidausscheidung, sondern auch die Ausscheidung der Chi-Phase (bei 950 °C) verzögert. Im Falle der Legierung NiMo 16Cr ist man durch Verringern des Gehalts an sonstigen Beimengungen zu einem praktisch rein ternären System gekommen, das hohe Ausscheidungsbeständigkeit besitzt: Carbide scheiden sich erst nach 5 Stunden bei 800 °C aus.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 118-123 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Universal accelerated weathering cabinet for weathering tests of metals and protective coatingsThe authors have developed a accelerated weathering cabinet with visual observation of specimens during the test. The temperature can be controlled between 0 and 50°C by a current of warm air and a thermostat, while a humidification device enables the relative humidity to be controlled between 50 and 95%. Aggressive additions such as sulphur dioxide, aerosols, salt spray etc. are added through a spray system. Sulphur dioxide concentrations can be controlled between 0.1 and 10 ppm and 1 to 100 ppm respectively.
    Notes: Die Verfasser haben einen Klimaprüfschrank entwickelt, der die visuelle Beobachtung der Proben während er Versuche ermöglicht. Mit Hilfe eines Thermostatsystems kann die Temperatur durch einen Luftstrom Zwischen 0 und 50°C reguliert werden; ein Befeuchtungsgerät gestattet die Einstellung der relativen Feuchtigkeit im Bereich 50 bis 95%. Der Zusatz von aggressive Medien, insbesondere Schwefeldioxid, Aerosolen, Salzsprühnebel usw. erfolgt durch eine Sprühvorrichtung; der Schwefeldioxidgehalt kann dabei zwischen 0,1 und 10 ppm sowie 1 und 100 ppm eingestellt werden.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 489-497 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 502-504 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 506-507 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 508-512 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 512-512 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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