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  • Organic Chemistry  (646)
  • Physics  (555)
  • 1970-1974  (1,201)
  • 1972  (1,201)
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  • 1970-1974  (1,201)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoelastic studies of polymers and copolymers in the rubbery state (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 51-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Photoelastic investigations have been carried out on a number of polymers in the crosslinked rubbery state. These include cis-polyisoprene, two polybutadienes of different structural configurations, an ethylene-propylene terpolymer, and a range of styrene - butadiene copolymers. From the measured values of stress-optical coefficients, together with calculated values of the optical anisotropies of the monomer units in the chain (based on Denbigh's values of bond polarizabilities), estimates are made of the number of monomer units in the equivalent random link (of the Kuhn-Grün theory) for the polymeric chains considered. Further, from a study of the temperature dependence of the stress-optical coefficient, the temperature dependence of the lenght of the equivalent random link, and hence of the statistical length of the chain, is derived. The interpretation of the temperature dependence data is discussed in a semiquantitative manner in terms of internal energy differences between different rotational states.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain structure and bulk properties of solvent-cast films of A-B-A block copolymers of styrene-isoprene-styrenePresented at the 19th Annual Meeting of the Society of Polymer Science Japan, Tokyo, May 22, 1970. (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 101-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Domain structures of solvent-cast films of A-B-A block copolymers of styrene-isoprene-styrene were studied by electron microscopy by use of the OsO4 fixation technique. The effects of varying proportions of the two components and the casting solvent upon the domain structures were examined. It is concluded that the domain formation mechanism can be discussed like that of A-B block copolymers irrespective of sequence arrangements, as Matsuo et al. suggested, by treating A-B-A or B-A-B block copolymers as A-(1/2)B or B-(1/2)A block copolymers. The five types of fundamental domain structures - spherical domains of component A in a matrix of component B, rodlike domains of A in a matrix of B, alternating lamellae of the two components, rodlike domains of B in a matrix of A, and spherical domains of B in a matrix of A - are achieved mainly by the change of the fractional composition of the two components for a given solvent. One of the most significant features of the A-B-A block copolymers in contrast to the A-B block copolymers, i.e., that A-B-A chains can interconnect two A domains, was explored by investigating (1) the swelling behavior in a solvent that is a good one for isoprene but a nonsolvent for styrene and (2) mechanical behavior above the glass transition temperature of the styrene segments.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100108
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic properties of crosslinked solutions of poly(2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate) in diethylene glycol. VI. Comparison with poly(butyl methacrylate) and poly(butyl acrylate) networks crosslinked to very low degreesPaper presented at the IUPAC Symposium, Leyden 1970. (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 345-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: On the basis of our own experimental and some literature data, the contributions of slow relaxation mechanisms to the shear modulus, (GeN  -  Ge), and the parameter C2 of the Mooney-Rivlin equation have been examined for lightly crosslinked poly(butyl methacrylate), poly(butyl acrylate), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and some rubber networks. For the rubbers, increasing degree of crosslinking caused a decrease in GeN  -  Ge and an increase in C2; for the other networks, both GeN  -  Ge and C2 diminished with increasing crosslinking. The effectiveness of the crosslinking polymerization, and also the absolute values of the physical crosslinking degree, decreased in the order of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(butyl methacrylate), and poly(butyl acrylate). The values of the equilibrium compliances J of the networks studied, obtained by various methods, have also been compared, and good agreement has been found.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100214
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell dimensions of the cellulose II model compound, β-cellotetraose (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 375-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100217
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between the refractive index increment and the density increment of binary mixtures: Application to the determination of partial specific volumes of polymers in solution (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 519-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Starting from the Lorentz-Lorenz equation, Heller, a few years ago, advanced a method for calculating the partial specific volume of a substance in a dilute solution from the refractive index increment of the solution and the specific refraction of the solute. It is shown that this method, based on graphical extrapolation, can be considerably simplified. Further, a method is indicated by which the partial specific volume of a substance over the whole range of concentrations can be calculated in an analogous manner. The method is checked and elucidated with reference to some experimental examples.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 549-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The structures of copolymers of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene have been studied by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and x-ray diffraction techniques. Copolymers varying in ethylene composition from 80 to 50 mole-% were prepared at a number of different temperatures with a peroxide catalyst system. Compositions of 50/50 mole ratio were found to be semicrystalline and to have melting points as high as 241°C. These materials were found to be copolymers with a high degree of one-to-one alternation. They were similar in structure to 1:1 copolymers which had been reported previously by other workers who used a triethylboron catalyst system. The x-ray evidence indicated that the copolymers prepared with the peroxide catalysts were not stereoregular. A hexagonal unit cell with a theoretical density of 1.70 g/cc was determined for the alternating one-to-one copolymer by x-ray techniques. A value of 262°C was determined for the melting point of the theoretical 100% alternating one-to-one copolymer. Values of ΔHƒ = 4500 cal/mole and ΔSƒ = 8.4 cal/deg-mole were also calculated for the alternating 1:1 copolymer. The preferred conformation of the material appears to be a “kinked” structure with the crystalline phase having ethylene units in one chain lining up opposite chlorotrifluoroethylene units in the adjacent chain. Polar association which can occur between fluorine and hydrogen atoms in this arrangement may account in part for the relatively high melting point of the alternating one-to-one copolymers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100311
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture of tendon collagenPaper presented at the Symposium on Mechano-Chemistry of Polymers, American Chemical Society National Meeting, Washington, D.C., September 16, 1971. (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 577-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A study of rat-tail tendon fibers, about 200 μ in diameter, by scanning electron microscopy of fractured specimens reveals that these crimped fibers are largely made up of cylindrical units, about 10 μ in diameter. These, in turn, are made up of the well-known collagen fibrils, ca. 0.1 μ in diameter, which have been observed previously by transmission electron microscopy and small-angle x-ray diffraction. Both the 10-μ and 0.1-μ cylindrical units were found to be arranged parallel to the macroscopic fiber axis rather than helically about it, as has been often proposed in the past. Significant improvement in resolution of the fracture surfaces was obtained by dehydration of the tendon. Microscopy of undehydrated tendon fibers undergoing solubilization by dilute aqueous acetic acid confirmed the results obtained by fractography.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100401
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical study of a conjugated reaction-center model of anionic acetylene polymerization (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 615-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The energy of the ground state, charge distribution, and bond orders were calculated by a MO method in the SCF-CNDO/2 approximation for various configurations of the monomer, dimer, and trimer model of both the associated and dissociated reaction center of an anionic acetylene polymerization. According to the results of these calculations, cooperation of π and σ bonds leads to a charge delocalization which increases with growing chain length and is the reason for kinetic deactivation of the center. Propagation is stopped, probably by a cooperative effect of the kinetic and thermodynamic factors.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100405
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Structure analysis of chain-folded lamellar polyamide crystals from X-ray diffraction (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 863-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Folded-chain crystals of certain polyamides present some novel diffraction effects due to the small number of repeat units within the lamellar thickness. X-ray diffraction evidence is available in the complete range from low to wide angles. This information is interpreted in terms of the structure factor of an individual lamella together with the lattice factor appropriate for the stacking of lamellae. When due account is taken of the lattice factor, whose effect can be detected even at large angles, three features of the lamellar structure can be deduced. First, the evidence is in favor of the straight-chain stems traversing almost the total thickness of each lamella, implying sharp folds at the lamellar surfaces. Some consequences of this result on the interpretation of data obtained from annealed mats are mentioned. Second, the detailed determination of the stem structure demands that the majority of the folds in nylon 66 lie in the acid group. Third, there are regions of depleted electron density at the lamellar surfaces, though features of the crystal structure are still retained. This indicates the presence of some folds deeper in the crystal than the majority.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100508
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct analysis of small-angle equatorial x-ray scattering from fibrous systems. II. Methods of extracting physical parameters describing the scattering system (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 919-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Small-angle equatorial x-ray scattering from fibrous systems is often complicated by the effects of morphological organization and/or heterogeneities as well as by macromolecular structure and organization influencing this same region of scattering space. In previous work it was shown that closed form mathematical expressions could be obtained for the Patterson function, without prior assumptions about the scattering system, when the intensity data were purposely truncated. In this paper the use of these expressions to extract the physical parameters describing the scattering system is demonstrated by application to a model system. The expressions are also expanded to include lattice distortions and long range coherency. A second approach is presented for cases when the coherence is small, and finally the use of higher-resolution data is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100512
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential scanning calorimetry of chlorinated polyethylenes (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 937-944 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The heats of fusion of low-density polyethylene and chlorinated polyethylenes of varying chlorine content have been investigated by differential scanning colorimetry (DSC). Linear correlations are found between the chlorine content and the apparent heat of fusion, crystallinity, and the maximum specific heat measured in the temperature range 90-120°C. The effect of heat treatment on crystallinity is shown to be strongly dependent on the chlorine content of the polymers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100513
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of polymers at the solution-solid interface. VI. Polyacids on nylon powder (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 993-1011 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The adsorption of some polyacids, principally poly(acrylic acid), on nylon powder has been studied. In aqueous solutions at low pH the adsorption behavior of poly(acrylic acid) is controlled by adsorbate coil dimensions rather than by electrostatic effects. Less adsorption takes place from methanol solutions but the process is much more rapid than from water. Above a critical value, increase of adsorbate molecular weight leads to a reduced adsorption, the effect being particularly evidenced by aqueous solutions. Model compounds (propionic and glutaric acids) are rapidly adsorbed from both methanol and water, but give low specific absorptions. Adsorption of poly(acrylic acids) and model compounds, is reduced, but not eliminated, by modification of the nylon adsorbent through acetylation or methoxymethylation. The adsorption of poly(acrylic acid) on nylon is not readily reversible; however, partial neutralization will release preadsorbed poly(acrylic acid) from nylon powder. The adsorption behavior of copolymers of acrylic acid with N-vinylpyrrolidone is reported, as are brief studies on some other homopolyacids. The results are generally interpreted on the basis of sorption of the macromolecules into a swollen, flexible adsorbent.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100604
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) fractions: Crystallization isotherms (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1555-1564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The crystallization kinetics of a range of fractions of poly(ethylene oxide) are presented and analyzed. It is concluded that deviations from the Avrami equation with exponent of 3 are mainly due to rejection of low molecular weight molecules for the low molecular weight fractions (M̄n 〈 6,000) and to a process of crystal perfecting for the high molecular weight fractions (M̄n 〉 6,000).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100812
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-angle x-ray scattering from crazes and fracture surfaces in polystyrene (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1565-1574 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Both crazes and fracture surfaces in glassy polymers produce a low-angle scattering of x-rays. Scattering patterns are anisotropic and often show considerable streaking. In the one case (polystyrene) studied extensively so far, detalied analysis suggests that the craze is approximated as a collection of spheroidal or irregular-shaped voids surrounded by material with anisotropic density distribution arising from its orientation in the stress direction. The void dimension is about 90-115 Å and the specific internal surface area about 170 m2/cm3 of craze. These results and those from electron microscopic studies are reasonably consistent.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100813
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Thermomechanical behavior of rubberlike materials (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1681-1689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A simple form of nonisothermal free energy function A(λ1, λ2, λ3, T) for rubberlike materials results from postulating that the entropy is a separable symmetric function of the extension ratios λi along the principal strain directions and considering the fundamental properties of rubberlike materials, i.e., that rubber elasticity is associated primarily with changes in entropy and the variation of elastic tension with changes in temperature is linear. The explicit representation of A is reduced to the Valanis-Landel strain energy function for isothermal cases.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100904
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  • 16
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    Transitions and relaxations in poly(1,4-phenylene ether) (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1719-1729 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Transitions and relaxation phenomena in poly(1,4-phenylene ether) were studied over temperature range from 100 to 800°K by applying a combination of calorimetric, dilatometric, dynamic mechanical, and dielectric techniques. Amorphous polymer, exhibiting no x-ray crystallinity, is obtained only by quenching molten samples at extremely fast cooling rates (ca. 1000°C/sec) and by minimizing thermal gradients within specimens. A weakly active mechanical relaxation region with a loss maximum at 155°K of unknown origin was observed. The glass transition interval of completely amorphous polymer is characterized by a discontinuous jump in heat capacity of 2.76 cal/deg per chain segment occurring at 363°K (corrected for kinetic effects), and a fourfold increase in the coefficient of linear thermal expansion. Strongly active, dynamic mechanical relaxations occur in the Tg interval with a loss maximum at 371°K (f = 110 cps) and resulting in a drop in the dynamic storage modulus from 1011 to 109 dyne/cm2. Cold crystallization takes place just above Tg, to yield a polymer with an x-ray crystallinity of 0.7 and a heat of crystallization of 270 cal/mole. The crystalline polymer shows a complex melt structure. Depending upon the thermal history, multiple endothermic peaks indicative of structural reorganizations occur just prior to fusion. Very high dielectric losses with a wide distribution of relaxation times were observed in the melt interval. The mechanical relaxation spectrum in this region is typical of viscous flow behavior.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100908
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  • 17
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    Plastic deformation of polypropylene VII. Long period as function of temperature and rate of drawing (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1749-1756 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polypropylene fibers prepared by quenching in ice-water were drawn at 25, 80, 120, and 140°C to a draw ratio between 6 and 8 at draw rates 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 50 cm/min. The long period increases almost linearly with the draw rate for drawing at 25°C and decreases for drawing at higher temperatures. The effect in the latter cases is an annealing effect. As a consequence of the shorter exposure of the drawn fibers to the high temperature at higher draw rate, the long-period growth proceeds for a shorter time and hence results in a smaller increase of long period. At 25°C, however, the long-period growth is negligible. The increase of long period with draw rate is the consequence of higher adiabatic heating as calculated from the energy input during the plastic deformation which transforms the spherulitic into the fibrous structure. One concludes that the long period established during this transformation depends on the maximum temperature reached in the micronecking zone and not on the macroscopically observed temperature of the sample in the neck.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100911
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  • 18
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    Effect of the reference chain dimensions in the molecular theory of viscoelastic behavior of polymer networks (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1775-1787 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Mooney's version of the molecular theory of polymer networks has been generalized to the case when the external strain applied in the isotropic state is different from that at network formation. As in the theory of equilibrium behavior of the polymer networks, this generalization allows inclusion in the viscoelastic functions of effects connected with the temperature dependence of internal energy of the chains and with the strain effect of the solvent. From viscoelastic functions thus generalized, it is possible to derive a relation for calculation of the monomeric friction coefficient. It also suggests the possibility of superposing data obtained at various temperatures, degrees of swelling, and condition of network formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100913
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  • 19
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    Intrinsic viscosity - molecular weight relationship for polystyrene in N,N-dimethylformamide (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1837-1839 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100917
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  • 20
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    High-pressure phase of polytetrafluoroethylene (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1799-1809 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the crystal structure of PTFE has been studied up to pressures of ca. 25 kbar by x-ray diffraction. The experimental method uses opposed diamond anvils of small surface area as transmitters of pressure with MoKα x-radiation propagating through these anvils. A small specimen of oriented polymer is held in place with a molybdenum gasket. Pressures are measured by change in lattice spacing of sodium chloride included with some specimens. It is found that above 4.5 kbar the PTFE changes to a high-pressure phase in which the molecules have transformed from their normal helical arrangement to that of a planar zigzag and that the planes of the molecules all lie parallel to one another. Further changes in the diffraction pattern on increase in pressure are attributed to slip and twinning in the high-pressure phase rather than to another phase change.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100915
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  • 21
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    Adsorption of polymers at the solution-solid interface. VIII. Competitive effects in the adsorption of polystyrenes on silica (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1023-1028 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The adsorption behavior on silica of some polystrenes of moderate molecular weight distribution, both singly and in mixtures, has been examined. The adsorption isotherms indicate that, in both a good solvent (trichloroethylene) and under theta conditions, the species of higher molecular weight is preferentially adsorbed at or near full surface coverage, but that the smaller adsorbate has an improved opportunity for adsorption at low surface coverage. The use of tritiated adsorbates substantiate the isotherm data in cyclohexane solution.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100606
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  • 22
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    Steady flow measurements on moderately concentrated solutions of poly(sodium acrylate) (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1047-1059 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Shear stress P21 and normal stress P11 -P22 functions of moderately concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium poly (acrylate) were measured under steady shear flow at various shear rates \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\dot \gamma$\end{document} with a Weissenberg rheogoniometer. The compliance function Js = (P11 - P22)/2P212 is found to vary with shear rate. The double logarithmic plot of Js versus \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\dot \gamma$\end{document} can be superposed with respect to molecular weight at constant concentrations of added neutral salt and polymer. These reduced plots differ markedly as the concentration of added salt is varied but converge to a single line at high shear rates.
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    Crazing of polystyrene containing two rubber balls: A model for ABS plastics (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1085-1095 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In order to study the crazing behavior in rubber-toughened glassy polymers, polystyrene samples containing two rubber balls of the same diameter with varying separations have been prepared. They were subjected to simple tension, and their crazing behavior was observed. When the two balls are close together, the craze-initiation stress is considerably lower than that of single-ball samples. With increase in the distance between the two balls the craze-initiation stress increases at first almost linearly and levels off when l/d reaches about 1.45, where l and d are the center-to-center distance and the diameter of the balls, respectively. When l is sufficiently small, the crazes are seen to develop extensively at the inner surfaces of the balls and finally bridge with each other. The crazes bridged between the balls expand largely in the plane perpendicular to the applied load.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Viscoelastic properties and flow of narrow distribution polybutadienes and polyisoprenes (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1061-1084 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic shear modulus and the flow rate through capillaries under constant pressure and under constant velocity of the piston, have been measured for polybutadienes and polyisoprenes of narrow molecular weight distribution with molecular weights ranging, respectively, from 3.8 × 104 to 5.8 × 105 and from 1.06 × 105 to 6.02 × 105. The phenomena of the discontinuous increase of volume flow rate and self-oscillatory flow regime at critical rates of deformation have been considered in detail. It is proposed that these phenomena are due to the induced transition of the polymer from the fluid to the high-elastic state at higher deformation rates. As a result, an inference has been made that polybutadienes and polyisoprenes with a narrow molecular weight distribution in the high-elastic state, behave in certain respects as crosslinked polymers incapable of displaying fluidity. The quantitative relationships among the viscoelastic characteristics measured under dynamic regimes, the parameters determining the critical flow regimes, and the molecular weights of polybutadienes and polyisoprenes have been worked out.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    Analysis of anisotropy in dielectric absorption due to defects in the polyoxymethylene crystal (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1029-1045 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dielectric absorption due to terminal polar groups localized in defect regions of polyoxymethylene crystals shows an anisotropy relative to an applied field. An attempt to interpret this anisotropy has been made by applying the barrier theory of Hoffman. The potential energy map for the rotation of the terminal polar group calculated from conformational analysis gives two minima. The angle between the dipole moment of the terminal OH and the fiber axis calculated in terms of the two conformations corresponding to the potential energy minima is in good agreement with results from infrared dichroism. This agreement is considered as evidence that the conformational analysis is reliable for estimating the potential energy minima required in the calculation according to the barrier theory. The barrier height obtained by the conformational analysis and the anisotropy calculated from the components of the dipole moments for the terminal polar group in terms of the barrier theory are in qualitative agreement with the experimental data.
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    Permeation phenomena near the penetrant condensation point (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1111-1117 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The permeation and solubility of propylene in polyethylene films were measured at temperatures and pressures near the condensation point of the vapor. Diffusion coefficients were calculated from these data. On the basis of the behavior of activation energies with relative vapor pressure, it is shown how diffusion and sorption influence permeation phenomena in this region.
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    Melting behavior of polyethylene crystallized in a pressure capillary viscometer (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1135-1143 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The Melting of various polyethylene structures is compared by using data obtained on the Perkin-Elmer differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Transparent, high-density samples crystallized under both orientation and pressure in the Instron capillary rheometer are compared with samples crystallized from dilute solution by stirring and with samples crystallized under high pressure. The latter two structures are assumed to contain extended-chain crystallites. By comparison, the melting points and the superheatability of the Instron samples are consistent with the presence of an extended-chain crystal component. The melting of irradiated samples crystallized in the rheometer is also observed to be consistent with this conclusion. In addition, DSC data are compared with the melting points defined with a polarized light microscope equipped with a hot stage.
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    Evaluation of methods for determining the refraction correction for light-scattering photometers (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 193-200 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Recent literature reports from three laboratories have treated the refraction correction for the Sofica and a noncommercial light scattering photometer. Our re-evaluation of the data contained in these reports, as well as our experiments, indicate that the usually cited n2 refraction correction has not been unquestionably established for these instruments. In some cases, imprecise experimental techniques have been used to support this particular form of the correction. In addition, we find the optical system of the Sofica instrument results in the detector seeing vertically past the horizontal edge of the illuminated volume in violation of a basic assumption in the deduction of the n2 correction. Our experiments, as well as our interpretation of recent literature data, support an exponent of less than 2.0 for the Sofica apparatus, which is consistent with an instrument whose detector views outside the illuminated volume. However, the experimental methods available to evaluate the exponent lack the desired precision.
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    Permeation of dimethyl sulfoxide through polyethylene membraness (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 295-305 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Permeability and diffusion coefficients for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in polyethylene have been measured by the “time-lag” technique and found to be affected by the adsorption of DMSO vapor in the low-pressure side of the apparatus. An analytical method is described for correcting the apparent permeability coefficients for such adsorption effects. “True” permeability coefficients for DMSO in polyethylene, expressed in units of cm3(STP) - cm/(sec-cm2-cmHg), vary from 0.92 X 10-7 at 30°C to 1.7 X 10-7 at 45°C, and their dependence on relative DMSO pressure appears to be small. The energy of activation for the permeation process is 7.1 kcal/mole. The described correction method is also applicable to the permeation of water vapor through polyethylene and poly-(phenylene oxide). The apparent diffusion coefficients could not be corrected by this method. The solubility of DMSO in polyethylene was measured with a Bakr-McBain balance and found to be very small; solubility coefficients are less than 0.8 cm3(STP) DMSO/(cm3 polymer-cmHg). It is concluded that the transport and solution behavior of DMSO in polyethylene is more similar to that of water vapor than to the corresponding behavior of organic vapors.
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    Non-gaussian elasticity of composite and interpenetrating networks (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 283-293 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The elastic behavior of composite and interpenetrating network structures composed of non-Gaussian chains is investigated. The chain probability density given by Nagai is employed utilizing only the leading correction terms for finite chain extensibility. The independent-network hypothesis, proven valid in Gaussian statistics, is shown to be erroneous in non-Gaussian systems. Further, it is found that composite networks composed of monodisperse chains are elastically isotropic, whereas a most probable contourlength distribution yields a large anisotropy but in the direction opposite to that observed experimentally for rubber. On the other hand, retention of the independent-network hypothesis coupled with a most probable distribution successfully accounts for much of the observed anisotropy. Interpenetrating networks are shown to be substantially anisotropic when a most probable contour-length distribution is employed.
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    Single crystals of poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1167-1170 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100618
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    Anomalous behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces caused by an absorption process (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1175-1177 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    Anisotropy of mechanical and dielectric relaxation in oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1153-1165 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The anisotropy of the α and β relaxations in oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) has been studied by dynamic mechanical and dielectric relaxation measurements. The α relaxation shows considerable mechanical anisotropy but gives rise to an isotropic dielectric process. The β relaxation, on the other hand, shows pronounced dielectric anisotropy but very little mechanical anisotropy. The implication of these results with regard to possible interpretations of the relaxations are discussed.
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    Formation of γ-form crystals in irradiated polypropylene (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1171-1174 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100619
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    Piezoelectricity in oriented DNA films (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 565-567 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Effect of pressure on gas permeability coefficients. A new application of free volume theory (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 575-575 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100315
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    EPR studies of mechanically induced bond rupture in elastomersPaper presented at the Symposium on Mechano-Chemistry of Polymers, American Chemical Society National Meeting, Washington, D. C., September 16, 1971. (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 599-606 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to compute the surface bond rupture density in polyurethane and to determine the phase experiencing fracture in styrene-butadiene block copolymers when these elastomers are subjected to mechanical degradation by grinding. The polyurethane grinding was done at temperatures above and below the glass transition Tg; 0.155 × 1013 radicals/cm2 of fracture surface area were formed above the Tg and 4.42 × 1013 radicals/cm2 for grinding below the Tg. These values are essentially equal to those found earlier for spherulitic polymers. In all cases the fracture appears able to progress along preferential paths so as to rupture significantly fewer molecular chains than one would expect on the basis of calculations of the number of chains passing through each square centimeter of cross section. Comparison of EPR spectra formed by grinding styrene-butadiene copolymer with those of styrene and butadiene above indicated that at cryogenic temperature, the fracture in the copolymer takes place in the butadiene phase.
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    Particle size analysis of polymer latexes by light scattering. V. The significance of an assumed distribution in the analysis of angular scattering dataPresented at the American Chemical Society Meeting, Polymer Division, Minneapolis, April 1969. (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 631-645 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In the analysis of light scattering data from polymer latex systems or other systems of spherical particles, it is necessary to assume a particle size distribution function. Theoretical angular scattering functions based on the assumed distribution and representing a wide range of size distribution parameters are compared to experimental data in order to obtain a best fit. In previous work, it has been shown that as the polydispersity increases beyond certain limits the uncertainty in the assignment of the size distribution parameters (i.e., the best fit) increases. This report is concerned with the analysis of angular scattering from unimodal systems and simulated cases where theoretical scattering functions for wide, negatively skewed distributions are used as “experimental data,” are analyzed by utilizing four different distribution functions. These functions represent different degrees of skewness and include negatively, positively, and normally skewed distributions. The results from the use of the various distribution functions are discussed with respect to the uncertainly in the assignment of distribution parameters resulting from the loss of structure in the angular scattering pattern due to increased polydispersity. Scattering data from the bimodal distribution are analyzed by assuming a unimodel distribution, and the consequences of this assumption are assessed.
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    Conformation of random polypeptide chains (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 693-697 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The characteristic ratios Cof and C∞ are calculated for infinitely long poly(L-amino acid) chains having a—CH2—R′ substitution at the Cα atom, as functions of the valence angle τ at the Cα atom. The value of Cof is found to increase from 1.6 to 2.3 as τ varies from 105 to 115°. On the other hand, C∞ decreases with increasing τ in the range 105-111°, passes through a minimum at 111°, and then increases slowly. Since, C∞ is much less dependent on τ in the most commonly observed range (110-115°), any variation in τ in this range due to solvent would not appreciably affect C∞. The calculated temperature coefficient of C∞ is negative and increases significantly in absolute magnitude even for small deviations in τ from 110°.
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    Thermal behavior of annealed organic glassesPresented to the Division of High Polymer Physics, American Physical Society Meeting, Philadelphia, Pa., March 24-27, 1969. (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1255-1272 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence of annealing processes on the thermal behavior of organic glasses in the glass-transition interval has been investigated and analyzed quantitatively. In detailed annealing studies of atactic polystyrene and Aroclor 5460, the absorption of thermal energy superposed on the increase in the specific heat at the glass transition, observed with suitably chosen heating rates, was followed by the differential thermal method. It is concluded that the absorption of thermal energy observed under these conditions parallels the extent of molecular relaxation that has taken place during the annealing period. It is not necessary to postulate a first-order process to account for the energy absorption. Moreover, such a postulate leads to severe conceptual difficulties regarding the development of crystallinity in crystallizable materials. The areas and the shapes of the endotherms are considered in terms of the original physical properties of the quenched glasses and the anticipated equilibrium properties. Relationships between the extent of energy absorption and time-dependent processes such as volume relaxation are discussed.
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    Effect of heat treatment on the morphology and structure of crystals, powders, and fibers of polyacrylonitrile and saran (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1285-1296 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: As part of a study of chemical and physical changes accompanying the formation of carbons by the pyrolysis of polymers, conventional electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques have been used to examine structural and morphological features of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) crystals, powder, and fibers, and of Saran and poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC) powder. Changes accompanying the heating of these polymers in air and in nitrogen have been investigated. PAN crystals grown from propylene carbonate were similar to those obtained by Klement and Geil. When heated in air at 220°C they retained their morphology, and electron diffraction gave the same reflections as PAN. On further heating to 400°C in nitrogen the morphology was retained, but the diffraction was lost. Crystals treated in nitrogen alone at 200°C showed morphology similar to that of the polymer. PAN powders and fibers retained discernable external features of their morphology on heating to 800°C. These results are discussed with reference to changes which take place when poly(vinylidene chloride) and Saran are heated in the range 150-180°C, which results in the loss of one hydrogen chloride per monomer unit, and are subsequently carbonized at 800°C. The development of pore structure and the adsorptive properties of Saran carbons are also discussed.
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    Interdependence of enthalpic and entropic contributions to the second osmotic virial coefficient (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 847-856 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The interdependence of the enthalpic contribution A2, H and the entropic contribution A2, s to the second osmotic virial coefficient for a given polymer-solvent system has been investigated from the experimental and the theoretical point of view. Experimentally, the following common facts were observed for various systems at temperatures and pressures below the critical values for the solvent. Both the isobaric and isothermal dependences can be approximated over relatively wide ranges of A2, H by linear relations with a slope deviating only slightly, but in a characteristic manner from a value of -1. When the temperature is increased at constant pressure one moves along an isobar towards higher A2, H; when the pressure is increased at constant temperature, one moves along an isotherm in the opposite direction, i.e., towards lower A2, H. Theoretically this behavior can be described in a qualitative manner, starting from a relation derived by Patterson and Delmas on the basis of the Prigogine corresponding-states theory. The reasons for the lack of quantitative agreement are discussed.
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    Effect of low molecular weight compounds on the relaxation behavior of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) in the glassy state and in the transition region from the glassy to the rubberlike state (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 11-22 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The method of free torsional vibrations was used to determine the temperature dependence of the storage and loss shear modulus of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) samples swollen with ethylene glycol, formamide, n-propanol, and water. The measurements included the glassy region (starting with temperatures from -130 to -190°C) and the main (α) transition from the glassy to the rubberlike state. At a volume fraction of the low molecular weight compound vd 〉 0.2, the above systems exhibit, besides the α dispersion, only the secondary (βSW) dispersion, which is generally attributed to the relaxation motions of the hydroxyethyl groups of the side chains interacting with molecules of the diluent. If no separation of the diluent in a second phase occurs at the measurement temperatures, the temperatures of both dispersions decrease with increasing vd and approach the glass transition temperature of the low molecular weight compound. The concentration dependences of the dispersion temperatures were described by an equation derived elsewhere for the concentration dependence of the glass transition temperature. The results indicate that molecules of the diluent contribute significantly to the intensity of the βSW transition and simultaneously affect its limiting temperatures (for vd = 1 and vd = 0). Specific differences among the systems described above appear only at those temperatures where same of the low molecular weight compound separates into a crystalline or glassy phase.
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    Studies on crystalline forms of nylon 6. II. Crystallization from the melt (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1497-1508 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The relative amounts of the α and the γ crystalline forms of nylon 6 obtained from the melt under different crystallization conditions have been studied by an x-ray diffraction procedure by comparison with a calibration curve obtained from the diffraction of standard samples. The weight fraction of the α form decreases with increasing crystallization temperature and that of the γ form increases. Growth of the α form is predominant in crystallization at 100°C and of the α form at 200°C. The amount of the α form tends to increase on annealing at 200°C for specimens crystallized at any temperature.
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    Mechanism of submicrocrack generation in stressed polymers (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1509-1520 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Submicrocracks, free radicals, and endgroups of scissioned molecules formed in polyethylene, polypropylene, and polycaprolactam under uniaxial tension have been investigated. Measurements were carried out by small-angle x-ray scattering, electron paramagnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy. The concentration of submicrocracks is almost the same as that of free radicals but is smaller than the concentration of scissioned macromolecules by approximately three orders of magnitude. The number of scissions per crack proved to be close to the number of macromolecules passing through the cross section of a submicrocrack calculated on the assumption of close packing. It is concluded that submicrocracks in stressed polymers are formed as a result of chain reactions of macromolecular decomposition initiated by the active end primary free radicals.
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    Theoretical analysis of sorption of a binary solvent in a polymer phase. II. Occurrence of maxima and minima in the curve of total sorption (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1481-1495 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It has been shown that sorption equilibrium in the system polymer-mixed solvent and the total sorption as one of its manifestations can be derived from osmotic equilibrium. The equilibrium relation for the dependence of the osmotic pressure II (as the potential for total sorption) on the composition of the ternary polymer-containing phase also includes the preferential sorption ε. This complication leads to difficulties in the analysis of the dependence of II on composition: for this reason, analysis has been limited to the case of a very dilute polymer phase. If preferential sorption is neglected, the occurrence of an extremum on the curve representing the dependence of the total sorption on the composition of the mixed solvent is affected by the Flory-Huggins parameters as in the occurrence of an inversion in preferential sorption, with the exception that in the former case the difference in the molar volumes of the solvent components contributes a term smaller by a factor of two. In the general case, however, the contribution of preferential sorption to the osmotic pressure (which has always a negative sign) also plays its role. Consequently, while total sorption, at a low preferential sorption and at a large positive value of the solvent-solvent interaction parameter χ12, can exhibit a maximum, a larger preferential sorption can overcompensate the effect of the parameter χ12, so that a minimum appears. The coexistence of a minimum with a maximum on the same curve is possible in some cases with positive χ12. The latter theoretical predictions have not yet been confirmed experimentally. At a negative χ12 the extremum is always a minimum.
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    Rheo-optical studies of polyurethane block polymers (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1521-1527 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Stress and birefringence relaxation have been measured for two polyurethane block polymers at several temperatures to 140°C. Superposition of the stress curves is possible, but the existence of multiple relaxation mechanisms makes such a process of questionable validity. Simple superposition of the birefringence relaxation was not possible. The time and temperature dependence of the stress-optical coefficient implies different mechanisms for mechanical and optical relaxation process. Analysis of the birefringence data requires consideration of nonorientational sources of birefringence.
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    Surface tension of polymer solutions. IV. Three-component mixtures (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1529-1535 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The lattice-theory equations for the surface tensions of polymer solutions based on the parallel-layer model have been tested for three-component systems. Surface tensions of solutions of some low molecular weight polyisobutylenes and polydimethylsiloxanes in n-heptane-tetralin mixtures and solutions of mixtures of the polymers in these solvents were measured at room temperature. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations.
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    Theoretical analysis of sorption of a binary solvent in a polymer phase. I. Occurrence and character of inversion in preferential sorption (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1467-1480 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Osmotic and sorption equilibria in the system polymer-binary solvent can be represented with advantage in coordinates (u1, v3), where v3 is the volume fraction of the polymer and u1 gives the composition (volume fraction) of the binary solvent in the polymer phase. The coexistence lines and osmotic isobars are plotted; the former are used to read the preferential sorption ε of one of the solvent components in the polymer. The newly formulated equilibrium condition for the preferential sorption is applied to the Flory-Huggins theory extended by the ternary interaction parameter χT. This is used as a starting point for analyzing the conditions under which inversion of preferential sorption takes place, i.e., the sign of ε changes. The existence of inversion and the course of the inversion line in the v3 versus u1 plot are affected in a decisive manner by the extent to which the effect of the mutual interaction of solvent components prevails over the effect of the relative difference between their molar volumes and of the difference in strength of their interaction with the polymer. The effect of the ratio of molar volumes upon the preferential sorption increases with the concentration of the polymer, so that for v3 not too far from unity the component having the smaller molecule is necessarily sorbed preferentially. If, therefore, both types of small molecules are not of the same size, the inversion vanishes for large v3 even in systems where it actually occurs if v3 is small. On the contrary, the same effect can in other cases have as its consequence an inversion at moderate values of v3, even if it does not appear as v3 approaches zero; a similar effect can also be produced by a nonzero value of the interaction parameter χT. The neighborhood of the inversion line can have a “divergent” or a “convergent” character, depending on whether the component being preferentially sorbed is that present in excess. The former case is observed with negative and the latter for the positive values of the binary solvent-solvent interaction parameter χ12. The inversion with the divergent neighborhood has not yet been confirmed experimentally, owing to the small number of systems investigated.
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    Effect of iodine on small-angle X-ray diffraction from drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) film (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 253-264 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of iodine sorption on the small-angle x-ray diffraction intensity is discussed in terms of the distribution of iodine sorbed in the amorphous regions of polymers. The change in the intensity of the peak corresponding to long periods is measured as a function of the iodine uptake in drawn, and annealed poly(ethylene terephthalate) films. A linear relation with slope K is observed between the square root of relative intensity and iodine uptake. The slope K varies with annealing conditions. Theoretical values calculated for models of the distribution of iodine in amorphous regions, are compared with the observed K. Results can be interpreted on the basis of a “concave” distribution of iodine, i.e., with sorption sites more numerous near a crystal surface than in the interior of an amorphous region.
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    Lactone polymers. IV. Glass transition temperatures of monomeric lactones and their polymers (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 323-337 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Glass transition temperatures were determined for a homologous series of unsubstituted lactone monomers varying in ring size from four to sixteen atoms. Examination of these transitions as a function of ring size shows a maximum in Tg for the seven-atom ε-caproalctone ring. This behavior is interpreted on the basis of a conformational change in lactones which occurs in rings containing seven to nine atoms. The Tg values of polylactones derived from these cyclic esters were determined and correlated with Tg values of the monomers. Except for the anomolous ε-caprolactone and the strained fourmembered lactone, an apparently constant difference between monomer and polymer Tg is observed. Treatment of the polylactones as methylene copolymers permits extrapolations of the Tg values to obtain that of polyethylene. Two values suggesting the γ and β transitions of polyethylene are obtained.
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    Comparison of twinning produced by rolling and annealing in high- and low-density polyethylene (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 369-373 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100216
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    Dielectric behavior of aqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 433-448 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Measurements are reported for the dielectric loss factor of the SCMC solutions over the frequency range 2 MHz to 50 MHz as a function of concentration of SCMC, concentration of added sodium chloride, molecular weight, and temperature. The results are in general agreement with those of other workers and are interpreted in terms of ionic theories in which motion of the diffuse counterions is the dominant feature.
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    Confined-growth crystallization of polyethylene (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 507-517 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new typical orientation pattern of polyethylene has been observed in extruded, melt-drawn composites containing 10% polyethylene and 90% polystyrene. In these composites, the polyethylene phase is dispersed in the polystyrene matrix as thin, long ribbons (width 1000 Å, thickness 500 Å). The b axis of the crystallites is found oriented preferentially along the long dimension of the ribbons, i.e., in the extrusion direction. The a and c axes of the crystallites show no preferred orientation. This texture pattern is attributed to the fact that, in view of the small cross section of the polyethylene phase, crystallization can proceed only along the long axis of the ribbons. Since the b axis is the direction of fastest growth in polyethylene (and the radial direction in a spherulite), most polyethylene unit cells are oriented with their b axes in the long dimension of the ribbons.
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    Proton spin-lattice relaxation study of polymer solutions (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 489-497 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Proton spin-lattice relaxation times of solvent molecules were measured on ternary mixtures of a polymer and two solvents by the adiabatic rapid-passage method. The selective adsorption of a good solvent was verified by this experimental technique for the systems benzene - cyclohexane - polystyrene(PS), benzene - carbon tetrachloride - poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA), and chloroform - carbon tetrachloride - PMMA. The number of molecules of adsorbed benzene per monomeric unit of PS was estimated to be about four, which is almost identical with that determined previously by thermodynamic measurements. The number of molecules of benzene and chloroform adsorbed on PMMA were also determined to be about five and four, respectively. It was found that the interaction between chloroform and PMMA has the greatest effect on the molecular motion of the solvent, whereas the benzene - PS interaction is weak.
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    Transcrystalline growth at an internal surface (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1611-1613 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Effect of solvents on the cryogenic dynamic mechanical properties of polystyrene (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1575-1585 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Young's modulus and mechanical damping of 15 organic liquids in polystyrene have been measured from 4°K to 250°K. The concentration was generally in the range from 10 to 15%, but the polystyrene-toluene system was investigated over the range from 0 to 16%. Some liquids cause the 40°K damping peak of polystyrene to disappear, other liquids do not. Seven of the liquids which cause the disappearance of the 40°K peak give rise to new large damping peaks at the temperature expected for the secondary glass transition temperatures of the liquids, that is, at 0.77 Tg of the liquids. Some of the liquids produced large unexplained damping peaks at temperatures above the expected glass transition temperatures Tg of the liquids. It is suggested that the γ peak in polystyrene is caused by styrene monomer.
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    Method for studying polymer crystallization in a temperature-gradient field with controlled crystal growth (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1615-1619 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Molecular motions in poly(2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide) (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1621-1624 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Time-temperature superposition of a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer cast from organic solvents (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1625-1629 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Rheological properties of poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) - polystyrene blends (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1639-1655 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The viscoelastic (VE) response of freeze-dried blends of polystyrene (PS) and poly-(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide) (PPO) has been studied as a function of composition, frequency, and temperature to examine the degree of rheological compatibility. When blended together, the relaxation processes of both molecular species exhibit the same temperature dependence. However, the temperature dependence of the VE response is a function of composition. It is shown that this behavior can be predicted from the measured glass transition temperatures by assuming the additivity of the free volumes of the components. The properties of the blends are compared at equal free volumes. The effective segmental friction factor is found to be independent of composition while the modulus of the rubbery plateau increases with PPO concentration. This result is interpreted as a change in the entanglement molecular weight Me of the blends. When the changes in Me are considered, the relationship between the zero-shear viscosity η0 and the 3.4 power of the weight-average molecular weight, commonly found for high molecular weight homopolymers, predicts the compositional dependence of η0 for the PPO-PS blends. It is concluded that the PPO-PS system forms a rheologically compatible blend.
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    Bulk modulus and density of polyethylene to 30 kbar (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1631-1637 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The results of bulk modulus and density measurements on low-density polyethylene to 30 kbar are presented. From these data the pressure coefficient dTt/dp of the glass transition temperature is obtained, and a comparison is made with data calculated from Pastine's theoretical equation of state for polyethylene.
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    X-ray diffraction relaxation of polyethylene (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 685-691 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The change in x-ray diffraction intensity with time following rapid stretching by various amounts is measured for a low-density polyethylene sample at several temperatures. An appreciable decrease in intensity with time at the meridian of the diffraction from the 110 and 200 planes is observed to occur within the first 5 sec following stretching. The change takes considerably longer times at lower temperatures. By use of a calibration curve, the change in crystal orientation functions for the a, b, and c crystal axes were calculated, and an increase in c-axis orientation was shown. From the results of birerringence measurements on the same sample, the crystalline and amorphous contributions to birefringence were calculated. It was shown that stretching is initially accompanied by a greater amount of amorphous than crystalline orientation, and that relaxation involves an increase in crystalline orientation accompanied by a decrease in amorphous orientation.
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    Membrane selectivity for an aqueous system by dynamic osmometry (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 741-745 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Commercial and fractionated samples of poly(ethylene glycol) and a sample of Dextran were used as standards to show the limitation of a cellulose acetate membrane for osmotic pressure determination of molecular weight in an aqueous system. The leakage of this membrane was much greater in the aqueous system than in organic solvents.
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    Infrared spectroscopic study of the crystallization of isotactic polystyrene from solution (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 761-765 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Quantitative structural characterization of the mechanical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 781-810 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The mechanical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) are examined to see if the quantitative morphological criteria previously used to define the structural state of isotactic polypropylene will lead to similar quantitative structure-property correlations when applied to PET. Tenacity, thermal shrinkage in oil and air, tensile modulus, dynamic loss modulus, long spacings, and small-angle x-ray intensities are included in the study. All of the data were obtained from the open literature. In all cases the physical properties correlate simply and quantitatively with the internal structure of the PET, and the character of the correlations leads to new insights into the nature of the internal mechanisms controlling the observed properties. The study shows that only by considering the structural state of a polymer, and not its fabrication parameters, can general, simplifying, quantitative, structure-property correlations be achieved.
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    Proposed GPC and intrinsic viscosity analyses of randomly crosslinked polymers having primary distributions of the schulz-zimm formPresented in part at the Symposium on Branched Polymers, 161st National American Chemical Society Meeting, Los Angeles, March 1971. (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 983-991 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A mathematical treatment is presented for the gel-permeation chromatographic and intrinsic viscosity behavior of randomly crosslinked polymers having primary molecular weight distributions of the Schulz-Zimm form. Kimura's serial solution of the integro-differential equation derived by Saito for randomly crosslinked polymers is employed for the distribution function. The intrinsic viscosity of a molecule containing i crosslinks is assumed related to that of a linear molecule of the same number of units through [η]br/ = gi½[η]l where gi = (Rbr2)i/Rl2 = {[1 + (i/6)]½ + (4i/3π)}-½. Rbrand Rl denoting the root-mean-square radii of gyration of branched and linear chains of the same mass. It is also assumed that GPC elution is controlled by the hydrodynamic volumes of the molecules. Representative calculation results are displayed for polymers with a narrow primary distribution and the “most probable” primary distribution. Results for the latter polymers are compared with those previously obtained by a somewhat different mathematical approach.
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    1-Amino-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-indazole (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Reaktion von 3-Methyl- und 3,6,6-Trimethyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benz[d]isoxazol 1a, b mit Hydrazinhydrat in Pyridin wurden neuartige 1-Aminopyrazole erhalten: 1-Amino-3-methyl-4-oxo-(2a) und 1-Amino-3,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol (2b). Ihre Struktur wurde auf chemischem und spektroskopischem Wege gesichert.
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    Zum Mechanismus der Kationischen Polymerisation des Vinylisobutyläthers mit Jod als Katalysator (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die jodkatalysierte Polymerisation des Vinylisobutyläthers bei tiefen Temperaturen wird mit der Methode der Hochfrequenztitration sowie auch UV-spektroskopisch untersucht. Der während der Polymerisation beobachtete Leitfähigkeitsverlauf läßt auf ein “pseudokationisches” Verhalten schließen. An Hand der erhaltenen Ergebnisse wird ein Mechanismus formuliert, der auf der Annahme eines Gleichgewichtes zwischen freien Ionen und einem cyclischen Übergangskomplex mit weitgehendem Ladungsausgleich basiert.
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    MO-LCAO-SCF-Berechungen von Vinylverbindungen nach dem CNDO/2-Verfahren. Quantenchemische Interpretation der Spektralparameter und des Copolymerisationsverhaltens (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 43-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Von Vinylverbindungen CH2=CH—X werden CNDO/2-Elektronendichten und -Bindungsordnungen berechnet und mit entsprechenden spektralen Parametern (13C-NMR-chemische Verschiebungen, 13C—H-Kopplungskonstanten sowie geminale und vicinale H—H-Kopplungskonstanten, integrale Intensitäten der C=C-Valenzschwingung) und reaktionskinetischen Daten (Q- und e-Werte des ALFREY-PRICE-Schemas) verglichen. Die Güte der erhaltenen Korrelationsbeziehungen und die Ursachen von systematischen Abweichungen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140107
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    Reactions with 2,4-Dimethyl-butadiene-(1,3)-sultone-(1,4) (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 367-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140219
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    Kristallstruktur von Demissidin-hydrojodid (C27H45NO·HJ· 0,5 C2H5OH) (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140220
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    Nucleoside von Fluorzuckern. IX. Synthese von Fluorzucker-Nucleosiden aus Uridin und Cytidin (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 251-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch nucleophile Substitution der Tosyloxy-Gruppe von 2′,3′-O-Isopropyliden-5′-O-tosyl-uridin 2 durch Fluor mittels Kaliumfluorid in Äthylenglykol wird 5′-Desoxy-5′-fluor-2′,3′-O-isopropyliden-uridin 3 erhalten, von dem ausgehend eine Reihe neuer biochemisch interessanter, im Zuckerteil fluorsubstituierter Ribo- und Arabino-Nucleoside des Uracils, 5-Brom- und 5-Joduracils und des Cytosins dargestellt werden. 5′-Desoxy-5′-fluor-cytidin 20 wird außerdem (in mehreren Stufen) aus Cytidin erhalten.Der Reaktionsmechanismus der Umsetzung von 2 mit Kaliumfluorid in Äthylenglykol wird näher untersucht und die Struktur eines Nebenproduktes 5 beschrieben.Von den untersuchten Verbindungen zeigt insbesondere 1-(5-Desoxy-5-fluor-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-bromuracil 14 signifikante Hemmwirkungen auf das Enzym Thymidylat-Kinase.
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    Kinetische Untersuchungen über die Methoxymercurierung offenkettiger aliphatischer Olefine (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 285-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nach der Methode der Konkurrenzreaktion wurden für 28 offenkettige aliphatische Olefine die relativen Geschwindigkeiten der Umsetzung mit Quecksilberacetat in Methanol bestimmt. Die kinetischen Daten lassen sich mit der TAFT-Gleichung korrelieren. Der Wert σ* = -1,00 ist für eine elektrophile Olefin-Addition ungewöhnlich wenig negativ; da gleichzeitig δ = 0,91 ist, ergibt sich die Sonderstellung der Methoxymercurierung auf Grund des gegenüber anderen Olefin-Additionen viel höheren Beitrags sterischer Effekte zur Reaktivität. Die Auswertung der Methoxymercurierungsgeschwindigkeiten mit Hilfe einer fünfparametrigen TAFT-Gleichung liefert Argumente dafür, daß der Übergangszustand einem unsymmetrisch verbrückten Mercuroniumion ähnlich ist. Auch bei anderen elektrophilen Olefin-Additionen kann der fünfparametrige Ansatz verwendet werden, um Feinheiten des Reaktionsmechanismus zu erkennen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Dehydrierung von Ketonen mit Palladium(II)-VerbindungenHerrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Alfred Rieche in Verehrung und Dankbarkeit zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 170-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclohexanon reagiert mit Palladium(II)-Verbindungen in einer stöchiometrischen Reaktion unter Dehydrierung zum Cyclohexen-(2)-on. Diese Dehydrierungsreaktion ist allgemein auf Ketone anwendbar. Der Mechanismus der Reaktion wird diskutiert.
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    Notiz zur Darstellung von 3-Phenyl-4,5-dialkylthiazol-2-selenonen (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 646-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140331
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    Benzo[c]fluorenones. IV. The Elucidation of the Position of the Succinoyl Group introduced in 2,7-Diethylfluorene and the conversion of this compound into 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5,9-diethylbenzo[c]fluorene (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 673-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2,7-Diacetylfluorene was reduced to 2,7-diethylfluorene. Succinoylation of this latter compound gave γ-keto-γ-[4-(2, 7-dietyl)-fluorenyl] butyric acid. The position of attack of the succinoyl group was definitely proved to be in position 4. A pyridazinone has been obtained in a trial to obtain a hydrazone derivative. The infrared spectrum has been used to elucidate the end of a reduction reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140502
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    Hydrazinverbindungen als Heterobestandteile in Peptiden. XIII. Nα-Acylierung von Hydrazinoessigsäure-Derivaten und Synthese von Eledoisin-Octapeptiden mit Nα-acetylierter Hydrazinoessigsäure anstelle von Asparagin und Glycin (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 735-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Nα-Acylierung von Nβ-Acylhydrazinoessigsäure-Derivaten wird mit Säurechloriden in Pyridin durchgeführt. Mit Hilfe von N-Methylacetamidchlorid in situ erhaltene Chloride von Z-Aminosäuren werden zur Synthese von N-Aminopeptiden eingesetzt. Nα-acetylierte Hydrazinodipeptide sind Ausgangspunkt für die Synthese von zwei Eledoisin-Octapeptiden, die in Position 5 und 9 Nα-Acetylhydrazinoessigsäure statt Asparagin und Glycin enthalten.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140506
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    Additivity of Substituent Effects in the reaction of phenacyl bromide with aromatic amines in ethanol (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 780-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate constants and the kinetic parameters of the reaction of phenacyl bromide with mono and disubstituted anilines in ethanol have been determined. The substituent effects on the free energy of activation have been found to be additive. HAMMETT equation for multiple substitution was applied to correlate reactivity with structural parameters. The substituent effect is separated into inductive and resonance effects.
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    Reactions with 5-Substituted Isorhodanines. I (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 799-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Treatment of 5-arylideneisorhodanines 1 with GRIGNARD reagents, effects addition of the reagent to the double bound of the lateral chain to yield products, proved to have structure 2.The thiono group in 1 and 2 condenses with aniline to yield the corresponding 5-substituted-4-phenylimino-2-thiazolidinones 3 and 4.Alkylation of 1 and 2 with alkyl halides or with ethereal diazomethane results in the formation of the S-alkyl derivatives 5 and 6, respectively.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140513
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    Reaction of 1-Methylmercapto-3(4H)-isoquinolone and ethylene diamine. Reactivity of the product towards diazo-compounds, nitrosocompounds, bromine and aromatic aldehydes (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 827-832 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Treatment of 1-methylmercapto-3(4H)-isoquinolone with ethylene diamine gave 4-oxo-2.3.4.5-tetrahydro-imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline 5, which on treatment with aryldiazonium chlorides, yielded the azo compounds 6a-f. 5 was found to react with p-nitrosodimethyl aniline to give the anil 8. Compound 5 when treated with bromine, gave the dibromo-derivative 9 which was converted to 8 by treating it with p-dimethylamino aniline. 5 condensed with aromatic aldehydes to give 10a-d.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    Studies on metal complex forming azo dyes. VIIIPart VII: M. KAMEL and S. A. AMIN, J. prakt. Chem. [4] 36, 230 (1967).. Dyes with an o-Imino Azo Group (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 857-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several new metallisable azo dyestuffs containing heterocyclic imino groups as part of the chelating system are described. These dyes are of the dispersed type, and were applied on nylon fibres followed by metallisation. The light and washing fastness properties of the dyes as well as their metal complexes were determined.
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    Untersuchungen zur Reaktion von 2-Nitrocyclohexanon mit AminenHerrn Prof. Dr. Drs. h. c. Alfred Rieche in Dankbarkeit zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 891-895 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von 2-Nitrocyclohexanon 1 mit Aminen, Ammoniak oder Hydrazin werden unter Ringöffnung ε-Nitrocapronsäureamide 2a-d bzw. unter Wasserabspaltung ohne Ringöffnung substituierte Nitroenamine 3d-e gebildet. Das unsubstituierte 1-Amino-2-nitrocyclohexen-(1) 6 konnte ebenfalls dargestellt werden.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140525
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    Alkylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons with β-Aroylacrylic acids (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 906-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The FRIEDEL-CRAFTS alkylation of the aromatic compounds benzene, ethylbenzene, chlorobenzene, cumene, m-xylene, mesitylene and 2-methylnaphthalene with the β-aroylacrylic acids 1 gave the propionic acids 2. With thiophenol the acids 1 gave 3. Dehydration of 2 yielded the butenolides 4. Condensation of 2 with hydrazine hydrate or phenylhydrazine gave the pyridazinones 6.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    Hydrazinverbindungen als Heterobestandteile in Peptiden. XIV. Nα-Acylierungsreaktionen an Nβ-acylierten Derivaten und Peptiden von α-Hydrazino-β-phenylpropionsäureAbkürzungen vgl. vorstehende Arbeit. N(Ac)Phe=Nα-Acetyl-α-hydrazino-β-phenylpropionyl. (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 751-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Herstellung des Eledoisin-Octapeptides mit Nα-acetylierter α-Hydrazino-β-phenyl-propionsäure statt Phenylalanin gelingt durch direkte Acetylierung des 7-NHPhe-Octapeptides und durch schrittweisen Aufbau ausgehend vom Ala—N(Ac)Phe—Ile—Gly—Leu—Met—NH2Abkürzungen vgl. vorstehende Arbeit. N(Ac)Phe=Nα-Acetyl-α-hydrazino-β-pheylpropionyl.. Der Einsatz von Phthaloylglycylchlorid zur Nα-Acylierung von Nβ-geschützten NHPhe-Estern schafft eine Möglichkeit zur Herstellung von N-Aminophenyl-alanin-peptiden.
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    Reactions with 4,5-Disubstituted 2-Mercaptoimidazoles and their derivatives (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 785-792 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4,5-Disubstituted 2-mercaptoimidazoles react with chloroacetic acid to form S-carboxy-methyl derivatives, which readily cyclise to the corresponding 2,3-dihydro-imidazo[2,1-b]-thiazol-3-ones. Substituted amides of 2-imidazolylthioacetic acids have now been obtained by the action of amines on the latter compounds.The 2-arylidene and 2-arylazo derivatives of 2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-ones are prepared. The action of GRIGNARD reagents on the 2-arylidene derivatives results in addition to the exocylic double bond.
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    Reaktion der Azlactone mit Aminoverbindungen. V. Darstellung und Struktur einiger 3,5-disubstituierter 6-Hydroxy-1,2,4-triazine (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 851-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Spaltung der ungesättigten Azlactone 1a-i mittels Hydrazinhydrat entstehen die Hydrazide der entsprechenden substituierten α-Acylamino-acrylsäuren 2a-i, die glatt zu den 3,5-disubstituierten 6-Hydroxy-1,2,4-triazinen 3a-i cyclisiert werden.Es wurden NMR- und IR-Spektren von 3 gemessen, um zur Aufklärung ihrer Struktur beizutragen.
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    Über die Reaktion von Acyl- und Arylsulfonylisocyanaten mit WasserstoffperoxidHerrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Alfred Rieche mit den besten Wünschen zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 145-156 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acyl- und Arylsulfonylisocyanate reagieren mit Wasserstoffperoxid zu N-Acyl- 2 bzw. N-Arylsulfonyl-peroxycarbamidsäuren 3. Die Peroxycarbamidsäuren oxydieren Olefine zu Epoxiden, Azomethine zu Oxaziridinen und tertiäre Amine zu Aminoxiden. Die Thermolyse liefert das entsprechende Amid, Kohlendioxid und Sauerstoff. Beim Erhitzen der N-Aroyl-peroxycarbamidsäuren 2a-d in Säuren entstehen 5-Aryl-1, 2, 4-dioxazolone-(3) 6, Ihre Struktur wurde durch spektroskopische Untersuchungen sowie auf chemischem Wege sichergestellt. Die thermische Zersetzung der cyclischen Peroxide 6 liefert Arylisocyanate; die Umsetzung mit Triphenylphosphin führt zu Aroylisocyanaten.
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    Derivate des Phosphorsäure-o-phenylenesters. VIII. Notiz zur Struktur des “Phosphorigsäure-o-hydroxyphenyl-o-phenylenesters”Herrn Prof. Dr. Drs. h. c. A. Rieche mit den besten Wünschen zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 184-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140123
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    Zur Arylierung des Phosphorylsauerstoffs, III. Protonierung von Phosphorylverbindungen durch das Benzoldiazonium-KationHerrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Alfred Rieche mit herzlichen Wünschen zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In auffallendem Gegensatz zur Alkylierung wird die Arylierung des Phosphorylsauerstoffs mit zunehmender Nucleophilie desselben signifikant erschwert. Als Konkurrenzreaktion zur Arylierung kommt eine Protonierung des Phosphorylsauerstoffs zum Zuge. Bei der Umsetzung von Triphenylphosphinoxid oder Phosphorsäure-tris-(dimethylamid) führt dies zur Bildung definierter kristalliner Salze, die als H-Brückenassoziat mit einem zweiten Molekül Phosphorylverbindung vorliegen; Feuchtigkeit und überschüssige Phosphorylverbindung überführen das Protonierungsprodukt des Triphenylphosphinoxids reversibel in ein 3: 1 - Assoziat des Hydronium-hexachloroantimonats.Die Deprotonierung des Benzoldiazonium-Kations durch die Base Phosphorylsauerstoff verläuft über eine Arin-Zwischenstufe, die mit Tetracyclon abgefangen werden kann.
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    Synthese N-substituierter Aminosaccharosederivate (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 365-366 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140218
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    Kernresonanzuntersuchungen an AzaindolizinenAbweichend von den IUPAC-Regeln 1957 wird in diesem Beitrag des logischen Zusammenhangs wegen die „Aza“-Nomenklatur mit Indolizin als Stammheterocyclus verwendet. Die korrekten Namen der untersuchten Heterocyclen sind in den Tab. 2, 4 und 5 in Klammern aufgeführt. (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 515-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zwischen der chemischen Verschiebung bestimmter Protonen in unsubstituierten Azaindolizinen und den quantenchemisch berechneten π-Elektronendichten am benachbarten C-Atom wird ein linearer Zusammenhang gefunden. Diese lineare Abhängigkeit gilt auch für substituierte 1,3,4-Triazaindolizine. Die von den Substituenten hervorgerufenen Veränderungen der chemischen Verschiebung der Ringprotonen korrelieren weiterhin gut mit den HAMMETTschen σp-Substituentenkonstanten.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140317
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  • 93
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    Heterocyclen aus Aminoketonen. XXZum Teil in der vorläufigen Mitteil.: Angew. Chem. 78, 266 (1966); XIX. Mitteilung: G. KEMPTER u. J. KANDLER, Z. Chem. 11, 104 (1971).. Synthesen von Chinolinen, 1-Aminonortricyclen- und -quadricyclenderivaten (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 543-556 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung aromatischer o-Aminoketone mit bicyclischen Ketonen nach dem „Hydrochloridverfahren“ wird in der Bicyclo[3,3,1]nonan-, Bicyclo[3,2,2,]nonan-, Bicyclo[3,2,1]octan-, Bicyclo[3,1,1,]heptan- und Bicyclo[3,1,0]hexan-Reihe lediglich die erwartete Chinolinbildung beobachtet. Ketone vom Typ des Bicyclo[2,2,1]-heptanons-(2) bzw. Nortricyclanon reagieren mit o-Aminoacetophenon-, -propiophenon- und -desoxybenzoin-hydrochlorid in einer Ausweichreaktion unter 1,3-Eliminierung zu Derivaten des Nortricyclens bzw. des Quadricyclens, während das Bicyclo[2,2,2]octanon mit o-Aminoacetophenonhydrochlorid sowohl das bicyclisch kondensierte Chinolin als auch ein Derivat des Homotricyclens ergibt. o-Aminobenzophenon reagiert in allen Fällen unter Bildung der entsprechenden 4-Phenylchinoline.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140320
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  • 94
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    Kationische Farbstoffe und Vorstufen. XVI. Styrylcyanine der 1,3-Oxathiolium-Reihe (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 419-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In einer Einstufenreaktion werden 1,3-Oxathiolium-styrylcyanine 7 bzw. 8 aus aromatischen Aldehyden, N,N-disubstituierten Alkylthioamiden und Phenacylhalogeniden bzw. p-Chinonen hergestellt. Ein möglicher Cyanin-Bildungsmechanismus wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140305
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  • 95
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    Neue Naphthyl-formamidine (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 639-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140330
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  • 96
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    Antivirale Thiosemicarbazone und verwandte Verbindungen. I. Synthese und Struktur substituierter Isatinthiosemicarbazone und -isothiosemicarbazone (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 682-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eine Reihe substituierter Isatinthiosemicarbazone sowie am Schwefel bzw. in 1- und 4′-Stellung substituierter Isatinisothiosemicarbazone wurde synthetisiert.Isatinthiosemicarbazone mit unsubstituierten NH-Gruppen bilden zur 2-CO-Gruppe des Isatins in festem und gelöstem Zustand intra- und intermolekulare Wasserstoffbrücken aus. Die Isatinisothiosemicarbazone enthalten die Doppelbindung der Seitenkette in 2′,3′-Position. Wasserstoffbrücken können bei diesen Verbindungen aus sterischen Gründen nur intermolekular auftreten.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140503
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  • 97
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    Potentiometric Study on the Metal Complexes of some tridentate SCHIFF-bases (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 950-954 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140533
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  • 98
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    Effect of substitution on reactivity of some alkyl halides in the reaction with sodium thiosulphate (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 822-826 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparison of the rate of displacement of halide ion by thiosulphate ion in alkyl halides, namely n-amyl iodide, n-hexyl iodide, n-heptyl iodide, n-octyl iodide, n-amyl bromide, isoamyl bromide, sec-amyl bromide and n-amyl chloride at different temperatures and in varying alcohol-water mixtures has been made. In the case of n-amyl halides, there is a much larger rate difference between chloride and bromide than between bromide and iodide.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140516
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  • 99
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    Azo dyes containing the quinoxaline nucleus. II. Their preparation and spectroscopic studies (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several new mono azo dyes containing the quinoxaline moiety were prepared. Their dyeing and fastness properties as well as their electronic spectra were studied.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140103
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  • 100
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    Zur Struktur der “4-N-Hydroxy-1,2,4-triazole” (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 101-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zum Studium des Tautomeriegleichgewichtes der 4-N-Hydroxy-1,2,4-triazole werden durch Alkylierung 1-Alkyl-1, 2, 4-triazol-4-N-oxide und 4-Alkoxy-1, 2, 4-triazole dargestellt und ihre UV-, IR- und NMR-Spektren untersucht. Die N-Oxide sind in Dioxan durch eine UV-Absorption bei 315 nm und eine IR-Bande bei 1230 cm-1 charakterisiert. Die gleichen Kennzeichen finden sich bei den “4-N-Hydroxy-1, 2, 4-triazolen”, was die N-Oxidstruktur beweist. Mit Hilfe der UV-Spektren wurde für das N-Oxid/N-Hydroxy-Gleichgewicht eine Konstante von 32 ermittelt. Diese Aussagen werden durch IR- und NMR-Spektren gestützt. Die 1, 2, 4-Triazol-4-N-oxide liegen in Lösung und im festen Zustand assoziiert vor, wie Molekulargewichtsbestimmungen und IR-Spektren zeigen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140114
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