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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1975-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0372-820X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1536
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Atomic bond rupture and molecular mechanisms of polymer fracture, using EPR spectroscopy
    Keywords: MATERIALS, NONMETALLIC
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Solithane 113 (an amorphous polyurethane elastomer) was prepared by curing equal proportions of castor oil and trifunctional isocyanate for 6 hr 45 min at 170 F. The sample material was mechanically degraded by grinding below and above its glass transition point at liquid nitrogen and room temperatures. The EPR spectra of ground samples were recorded and the number of free radicals were determined by a computer double-integration of the recorded spectra and by a comparison of the values with those of a standard material. Curves of EPR spectra suggest that different molecular mechanisms may be active in degradation of this material below and above its glass transition temperature.
    Keywords: CHEMISTRY
    Type: Journal of Polymer Science; vol. 9
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1971-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0376-9429
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-2673
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 7 (1971), S. 197-202 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a montré récemment que les techniques de spectroscopie électronique a résonnance paramagnétique peuvent être utilisées avec succès pour la detection des ruptures des liaisons atomiques au cours de la rupture des matériaux polymeres; ces techniques ont permis de jeter de nouvelles lumières sur les mécanismes moléculaires qui interviennent au cours de la rupture de ces matériaux. En particulier, la méthode permet de procéder a un controle, sur une base fondamentale, de quelques théories atomiques de la rupture des polymères. Dans le présent mémoire, on procède à un tel controle de deux théeories des plus typiques, celles de Zhurkov et de Knauss. On démontre que ces theories ne conduisent pas à des modèles physiquement représentatif du mécanisme de rupture des polymères à fibres orientées. On suggère que cette inadaptation résulte de la structure morphologique particulière des polymères à orientation marquée.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Neuerdings wurde gezeigt, daß die Verfahren der elektronischen Spektroskopie erfolgreich für den Nachweis von Zerstörungen in den atomaren Bindungen während des Zerreissens von Polymeren herangezogen werden können. Sie führen somit zu wichtigen neuen Erkenntnissen über die molekularen Mechanismen der Zerstörung dieser Werkstoffe. Im besonderen kann dieses Verfahren für eine grundlegende Kontrolle verschiedener atomistisch abgeleiter Theorien über den Bruch von Polymeren herangezogen werden. Im vorliegenden Bericht werden zwei dieser Theorien, nämlich diejenigen von S. N. Zhurkov and W. G. Krauss, überprüft. Es wird gezeigt, daß these Theorien kein physikalisch realistisches Modell des Bruchmechanismus von Polymerfasern geben, and es wird vorgeschlagen diesen Mangel an Zutrefflichkeit durch die spezielle morphologische Struktur der streng gerichteten Fasern zu erklären.Major portions of this work were supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Aeonautics and Space Administration.
    Notes: Abstract It has recently been shown that the techniques of EPR spectroscopy can be used to monitor atomic bond rupture during fracture of polymeric materials and thus provide important new insights of the molecular mechanisms of fracture in these materials. In particular, this method can be used as a fundamental check of the several atomistically-derived theories of polymer fracture. In this paper such a check is made of two representative such theories, those of S. N. Zhurkov and W. G. Knauss. It is shown that these theories do not provide physically realistic models of the fracture mechanisms in oriented polymeric fibers and it is suggested that their lack of relevance is due to the unique morphological structure of highly oriented polymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to compute the surface bond rupture density in polyurethane and to determine the phase experiencing fracture in styrene-butadiene block copolymers when these elastomers are subjected to mechanical degradation by grinding. The polyurethane grinding was done at temperatures above and below the glass transition Tg; 0.155 × 1013 radicals/cm2 of fracture surface area were formed above the Tg and 4.42 × 1013 radicals/cm2 for grinding below the Tg. These values are essentially equal to those found earlier for spherulitic polymers. In all cases the fracture appears able to progress along preferential paths so as to rupture significantly fewer molecular chains than one would expect on the basis of calculations of the number of chains passing through each square centimeter of cross section. Comparison of EPR spectra formed by grinding styrene-butadiene copolymer with those of styrene and butadiene above indicated that at cryogenic temperature, the fracture in the copolymer takes place in the butadiene phase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 25 (1987), S. 2179-2188 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Oxidized, conductive poly(pyrrolylium anion) films [poly(pyrrolylium) = PP+ where there exists about one cation per three pyrrole rings] have been prepared electrochemically in an effort to study the effect of counteranion structure and preparation conditions on the composition, order (crystallinity), and mechanical properties of the films. The counteranion principally employed was p-toluene-sulfonate (OTs-), although benzenesulfonate (BZs-), p-ethylbenzene-sulfonate (EBs-), and p-dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBs-) were incorporated in several polypyrrole films. It was found that the amount of OTs- incorporated increased with increasing potential during synthesis, suggesting a parallel increase in the extent of oxidation of the polymer. Mechanical testing of the same films demonstrated that the ultimate tensile strength decreased as the electrode potential and current density during synthesis increased. X-ray diffraction indicated that the degree of order (reflected by the widths of the diffraction lines), albeit quite small, is dependent upon the anion species and synthesis conditions. Interestingly, samples with the highest degree of order exhibit the highest electrical conductivities.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 8 (1970), S. 237-252 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The uses of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in studying aspects of polymer fracture are discussed. The sensitivity of EPR is such that all phases of fracture are not amenable to investigation by these means. This paper attempts to define those areas where the authors' experience would indicate that success might or might not be expected. A discussion of the difference between the tensile fracture of drawn polymer fibers, in which strong signals are obtained, and cast and molded materials is given.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 9 (1971), S. 443-447 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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