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  • Cambridge University Press  (741)
  • 2020-2021
  • 1960-1964  (741)
  • 1962  (741)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 53-55 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 2
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 1-18 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In Chinese Communist fashions, Confucius seems to be “in” this year. Earlier, certainly in the nineteen-twenties, revolutionaries were quite ready to see him out, and even now, in the first decade or so of the People's Republic, there are plenty of people with little patience for the sage of the old intelligence. Indeed, “despise the old” and “preserve the national heritage” have been chasing each other down the mneteen-fifties and incipient sixties, and contemporary historians, hi this area, should perhaps not dwell too seriously on trends pro and anti, so foreshortened, if discernible at all, in the foreground of our age. What seems historically significant is the range, not the petty successions, of recent Communist options in evaluating Confucius. For all the possibilities are equally modern, all plausible and consistent within a new Chinese view —an essentially anti-Confucian view informing even the pro-Confucius minds.
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  • 3
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 92-101 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The sudden death of Dr. Hu Shih in Taiwan on February 24, 1962, inflicted on many of the people of that island a sense of irreparable loss. This was not because the present situation in Nationalist China is likely to be much affected by Dr. Hu's passing, for in spite of his great reputation as a scholar, his considerable personal popularity and the prestige of his position as President of the Academia Sinica, he remained a peripheral figure there. He was, however, the last surviving representative of the great generation of revolutionary intellectuals who, nearly half a century ago, undertook the enormous task of creating a cultural “renaissance” in China, and with his death a final link with that optimistic era was forever severed.
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  • 4
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 102-137 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Hu Feng was a Marxist literary critic who for almost thirty years allied himself closely with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and left-wing groups. In 1955 the Chinese Communists launched an intensive nationwide campaign against him in which he was branded as everything from an exponent of bourgeois idealism to an agent of imperialism and of Chiang Kai-shek.
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  • 5
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 75-91 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The activities and functions of youth organisations are important factors in the life of most, if not all, political movements of the twentieth century. This is true of totalitarian, as well as of more liberally conceived political movements; however, special attention and emphasis has been given to youth organisations in Fascist and Communist societies, where the young people have been forced, pressured, or cajoled into such organisations from an early age and subjected to powerful influences designed to make them faithful and reliable tools or willing helpers of the ruling group or party. Nazi Germany's Hitler Jugend, Fascist Italy's Ballilla, and Soviet Russia's Komsomol are the best known examples of the totalitarian variety of youth organisation. In non-totalitarian societies the young are also given the opportunity to join such groups as the Young Conservatives in the U.K., Young Republicans and Democrats in the U.S., Junior Chambers of Commerce, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts and the like. The difference between youth organisations in the two types of societies, from the Western viewpoint, is that our youth organisations are primarily created for the sake of the young people, who join them voluntarily for the sense of participation and outlet for their energies and talents which such organisations can provide, whereas the totalitarian youth organisations are created for purposes pursued by the ruling political group in those societies, to mould the thinking of youngsters along the desired lines, and to establish an apparatus for control both of the young members and of their relatives and friends. From the Communist viewpoint however, Western youth organisations are politically unsophisticated picnic and camping clubs, which insufficiently prepare young people for the responsibilities facing them in later years and fail to provide them with the ideals for a “correct” political outlook.
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  • 6
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 231-234 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 7
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 211-230 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: When the Geneva agreements of July 1954 at Jast brought a measure of peace back to Indo-China, the Viet-Minh régime found itself in legal and recognised possession of that section of the country which lay north of the seventeenth parallel and which is officially known today as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. By then, part of this area, comprising the Viet-Minh's war-zones I, II, III and most of IV, thirty-three provinces in all, had already long been held by Ho Chi Minh's troops and in much of it a semblance of the new order's system of local government had been in regular operation for some years back. In a good deal of the rest, clandestine and fragmented centres of rebel control had perilously co-existed throughout the war with the old administration maintained at great cost by the French authorities. Finally, in many places, particularly the urban concentrations, no appreciable degree of Viet-Minh influence had managed to last out the conflict.
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  • 8
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 244-248 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 9
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 248-251 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 10
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 11
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 78-88 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Previous sessions of the National People's Congress (NPC), with their voluminous official reports on the ups and downs of Government work —particularly economic work—have provided some of the best data for tracking the course of political change in China during the last decade, and for trying to co-ordinate apparent changes of policy with the rise or fall of individual politicians. Although this year's NPC produced little more than a guarded summary of Chou En-lai's Report on Government Work, a Resolution on it and a People's Daily editorial, when these are read with the rest of current propaganda and compared with previous form, an attempt can be made to draw some tentative conclusions about the present political climate in Peking.
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  • 12
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 89-104 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: If one were to choose a single adjective to apply to the pattern of Communist China's foreign relations since the Moscow declaration of 1960, “reactive” would be as nearly accurate a choice as any other. China's circumstances during 1961 and 1962 provide ample reasons for a reactive posture. The crisis in the economy, though not exactly measurable, has been evident. The course of internal politics has been less clear. The dominant trend has been a controlled retreat from the organisational methods of the Great Leap Forward. In the course of this manoeuvre, the role of the Party and its relation to non-Communist elements hi the population, organised or unorganised, has had to be redefined. What may be more diagnostic of this period, however, is a serious decline of public morale and of confidence in the régime.
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  • 13
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 111-115 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Since Peking has offered no documentation beyond supporting evidence of general economic deterioration and peasant apathy, an attempt to define the immediate reasons for the mass flight of refugees to Hong Kong's border in May must depend more heavily on speculation than may appear desirable in a scientific journal.
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  • 14
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 140-160 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Since the Ch'in dynasty first divided the area under its control into forty administrative districts, the Chinese countryside has experienced a bewildering variety of units of local organisation. Although beneath this variety there is a discernible continuity (for example in the maintenance of the provincial level of organisation since Han times), the student is often hard put to give adequate explanations of the changes which have occurred. This is particularly true of the Republican period, when local governmental organisation was not only a topic of heated discussion but also a focus of considerable explicit experimentation.
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  • 15
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 21-37 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The present condition of Communist China raises a political question of great theoretical and practical importance. The question is whether there are limits to the hardships which any government can safely inflict upon the governed.
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  • 16
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 38-57 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Only very rarely does extensive evidence of a secret Communist meeting become available to the non-Communist world; when it does, as in the cases of the July 1955 Soviet Central Committee plenum or of Khrushchev's “secret speech” at the Twentieth Soviet Party Congress, it gladdens historians' hearts and adds greatly to our comprehension of Communist history and current developments. Such evidence was not always unavailable; before Stalin totally dominated and terrorised the Comintern, material on developments in the international Communist movement and even within the Soviet Party itself occasionally would appear in the publications of other European Communist Parties.
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  • 17
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 105-110 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The Second National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China held its third session in Peking between March 27 and April 16. Before this, a preparatory meeting was held on March 22.At the beginning, the session heard a report on the work of the Government made by Chou En-lai, Premier of the State Council.Premier Chou En-lai's report fell into two parts. The first dealt with the international situation and China's foreign policy, and the second part discussed the domestic situation and the tasks of the Chinese people.
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  • 18
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 116-123 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In an “interim appraisal” of Peking's interest in Laos, which appeared in The China Quarterly last autumn, I expressed the view that China's security would be better served by the creation of a neutral buffer state in Laos than by the imposition of a Communist one, which would tempt the United States to intervene. Though we are here, of course, in the realm of reasoned speculation, recent events have seemed to confirm both halves of this proposition. That the Chinese Communists believe a neutral Laos would be the best way of getting the Americans out is suggested by their readiness to accept some of the more controversial provisions for Laotian neutrality that were agreed on July 23 at the Geneva International Conference on Laos. That the danger, from Peking's point of view, of an American military intervention is a real one was shown in May when the United States decided to strengthen its force in Thailand. Various other developments, however, suggest that the Chinese are taking an increasingly direct interest in Laos.
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  • 19
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 242-244 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 20
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 253-260 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 21
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 219-224 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 22
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 235-239 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 23
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 1-4 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 24
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 51-55 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: For more than a decade Western policy towards revolutionary China has been dominated by the attitude which the United States adopted in early 1950, before the Korean war broke out. This attitude arose out of conditions prevailing in the United States rather than in the Far East. Almost at once American policy lost any flexibility it might otherwise have had, when the Chinese intervened in the Korean war, an event which might have been avoided altogether if the American posture towards China had been different.
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  • 25
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 64-71 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The policies of containment and of liberation were based on the premise that there is a united Soviet bloc. The purpose of containment was to prevent Soviet expansion; the purpose of liberation to roll back Communist frontiers. These policies have ceased to be relevant for the sixties. Today, the unity of the Communist camp is being strained by the increasingly open Sino-Soviet dispute.
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  • 26
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 27
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 1-22 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: On December 26, 1961, Mao Tse-tung, master and master-mind of the Communist Party of China for the past quarter century, reached the age of sixty-eight. While der Alte in Peking still appears reasonably durable, he has nevertheless reached the stage in his career where the succession problem may soon pass from the sphere of speculation to that of political reality. Well aware of the intra-party struggle in Moscow following Stalin's death, Mao Tse-tung has already taken steps to avoid internecine strife in China. Practically speaking, he has made his selection.
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  • 28
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 45-50 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In order to understand the policy of the United States towards China it is necessary to go back to die Chinese civil war. It is at this point that the confusion over ‘the real issue obscured the thinking and frustrated the policies of the United States. When it became obvious that the Nationalist régime was unable to cope with the revolutionary situation even if supported by American arms and advice, only two courses, which General Wedemeyer's report of 1947 clearly envisaged, were logically open to American policy. One was military intervention on such a scale as to be sufficient not only to crush the Communist armies but also to keep discontent permanently in check. Military intervention of this kind would have entailed military and political commitments of incalculable magnitude. This course of action was rejected by the framers of the United States' foreign policy on the advice, among others, of the then-Secretary of State, George Marshall.
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  • 29
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 56-63 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: For the past twelve years relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China have remained in an almost rigid posture of hostility. One can point to a few minor accommodations since the beginning of ambassadorial talks, but there have been no signs of development towards even the increased contacts and less ubiquitous hostility that now characterise relations between the United States and the Soviet Union.
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  • 30
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 72-77 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The proposition needs no arguing that it would be desirable from everybody's point of view if some way could be found of bringing the 600 million people of mainland China back into effective, approximately normal relations with all the rest of the world. It is often argued that the early realisation of what the present Communist régime on the mainland claims as its legal and moral right—to represent China in the United Nations—would go very far towards accomplishing the purpose. I must confess to a considerable scepticism concerning the predictions often made about the changes in attitude and behaviour the Chinese Communists would display if they were admitted to the United Nations. Communist China's external relations depend on a number of factors besides her standing in the United Nations. There has been nothing in China's actions or declarations over the years to indicate that U.N. membership is so highly valued by the Chinese that they would of their own accord significantly modify any of their other major goals in order to achieve this one. The record indicates rather that the contrary is true.
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  • 31
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 84-97 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Paradoxically, the contemporary phase of China's development under Communism is at once an extreme form of Westernisation and a partial reversion to traditional patterns. The totalitarian character of the present regime is not only reminiscent of the ancient autocratic order but is attributable to that tradition for its acceptance and acquiescence. On the ideological front, the state of confusion of thought, compounded by almost a century's cultural dislocation, has been brought to an abrupt end, with the promulgation of Marxism-Leninism as the state ideology which, though antithetic to Confucian orthodoxy in every essential way, is equally pervasive. Inasmuch as the ideological ‘reconditioning of the Chinese nation is first and foremost an educational task, education has become the exclusive concern of the Communist state. Moreover, within the Marxian ideological framework, the pursuit of concrete national goals requires the education of the Chinese people. Hence there are two major aspects in the study of Chinese education under Communism: Fundamental principles and actual implementation; in short, theory and practice.
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  • 32
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 123-143 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: During the past several years, changes have occurred within the Communist bloc which have led to important institutional and political developments. A prominent example of these changes has been the shift in economic and political ties which characterised Albania's relations with the Soviet Union. The Albanians have joined with the Chinese to form the first apparently successful fraction within the Communist world despite great geographic separation and strong Russian coercion. Notwithstanding harsh Russian political and economic pressure, the leaderships of China and of Albania have persisted in their rigidity. It remains to be seen what factors led to this unusual entente within an international movement which China and Albania have continuously maintained must be characterised by “steel-like unity.” For ironically, through their actions, they have definitely weakened that unity. It is the purpose herein to describe what issues and events in Soviet-Albanian relations caused Albania to turn to the CPR for major political and economic support, as well as to show how the accession of a small ally in Eastern Europe has proved to be of importance to the Chinese.
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  • 33
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 149-165 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The distinguished Chinese scholar Hu Shih died on February 24. Born in 1891 and educated at Cornell and Columbia, Dr. Hu will always be remembered as the apostle of the literary revolution that led to the replacement of classical Chinese by the vernacular (pai-hua) as the literary medium. During the twenties and thirties, he held important academic posts including that of Dean of the College of Arts at the National Peking University during 1930–37. During much of the war (1938–42), he was his country's ambassador in Washington, but later returned to academic life as Chancellor of the Peking National University (1945–49). A disciple of Dewey, Dr. Hu had remained faithful to liberalism and pragmatism when many of his colleagues turned to Marxism, and when the Communists took over he left China. Because of their great influence, his ideas were selected by the Communists as a prime object of attack during the early fifties in their campaign to remould the intellectuals. After living in the United States for a number of years, Dr. Hu settled in Formosa where he was appointed President of the Academia Sinica in 1958.
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  • 34
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 35
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 212-217 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 36
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 174-204 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Ever since it first raised the standard of revolt in Japanese-occupied French Indochina, the Viet-Minh régime has devoted an inordinate amount of time and attention to problems of local government and administration. The emphasis was just as apparent in its first Basic Law of 1945 as in the latest organic act of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which went into effect in 1960, and in the manifold supplementary statutes promulgated in the interim to implement the constitutional provisions. This obvious concern on the part of Ho Chi Minh's leadership with the instrumentalities of local rule may be explained by reference to two different, though closely related, sets of considerations.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 38
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 217-218 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 39
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 218-221 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 40
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 229-230 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 41
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 222-228 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 42
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 43
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 1-4 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 44
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 45
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 37-46 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: As in many other Communist states (and quite a few non-Communist ones) there is in the DRV (Democratic Republic of [North] Vietnam) a sharp difference between the theoretical and the actual structure of governmental powers.Article 4 of the DRV Constitution of January 1, 1960, adequately covers the subject of the theoretical source of power in North Vietnam: “All powers of the DRV belong to the people, who exercise them through the intermediary of the National Assembly and of People's Councils at every echelon, elected by it and responsible to it....”
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  • 46
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 2-23 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: For many years, many thousands of Vietnamese patriots have sacrificed themselves for a double objective—the unity and independence of Vietnam—and it was in pursuit of these aims immediately after the Second World War that, first the Viet-Minh, then the anti-Communist nationalists, brought into operation all the means at their disposal, both military and diplomatic. The Geneva Agreements of July 1954 confirmed the independence of Vietnam at international level. Yet, at the same time the country's unity, which for several years had no longer constituted a problem, was destroyed.
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  • 47
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 24-36 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Sovietologists and Sinologists have found it extremely difficult to assess the position which the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam (DRV) occupies within the Communist bloc. Some have concluded that it is simply a satellite of Peking, basing their judgment upon its geographical position and the fact that the Vietnamese leaders closely followed the policies of the Chinese Communists, at least during the early years of the state's existence. Others have stated that the DRV is more closely bound to the Soviet Union than to China, and they quote extracts from the speeches of Vietnamese leaders to confirm this opinion. Still others maintain that the DRV enjoys a substantial measure of independence of both Russia and China and may, like Tito's Yugoslavia, break with the Communist bloc at some future date. They point out that the Vietnamese, like the Yugoslavs, won their own independence without the backing of the Russian or Chinese army. All of these conclusions are too facile and prove, if they prove anything at all, that their authors have not taken into account all the factors which have a bearing upon the events in the DRV. As in all Communist states, the formulation of policy is the responsibility of a few leaders, but these men, whatever their personal political inclinations, are restricted in their choice of policy by the circumstances in which they find themselves.
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  • 48
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 47-69 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Of all intellectuals, the most highly respected and appreciated by Vietnamese society are the doctors. Indeed, it is hardly surprising that they should enjoy the esteem of a society the great majority of whose members are uneducated, impoverished, and beset by chronic disease and sickness. However, the reasons are twofold; medical degrees are academically superior to all others, and medicine, of all the professions, is the most useful on the purely practical plane. The doctors themselves are accorded the honorific title of “Thay,” and the medical profession is popularly referred to by the descriptive phrase “savers of people and helpers of life.” This is why, on the thirtieth anniversary of the Indo-Chinese Communist Party and the fifteenth anniversary of the Government of the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam, the “Doctor of Doctors,” Ho Dac Di, who is Chairman of the North Vietnamese Medical Association as well as Director of the University and Specialist Colleges, was invited to make a speech. Here is what Dr. Ho Dac Di said on that occasion:The future of the intellectuals is a glorious one, because their activities bind them closely to the proletarian masses who are the masters of the world, the masters of their own country, the masters of their history, and masters of themselves.... On this, the thirtieth anniversary of the foundation of the Party, all those classes who work with their brains, and the scientists in particular, sincerely own their debt of gratitude to the Party and proclaim their complete confidence in the enlightened leadership of the Party, as well as in the glorious future of the fatherland. They give their firm promise that they, together with the other classes of the people, will protect the great achievements of the revolution.
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  • 49
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 70-81 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The cultural level of North Vietnam is undoubtedly one of the lowest imaginable. Eighty per cent, of the population is illiterate, ignorant to an incredible degree and subject to the most extraordinary superstitions. Apart from the masses there remains the élite—and the hopes that one should be able to place in the youth. But here, also, we find the same deep division that was created in the population as a whole by the war—on the one hand the members of the Resistance and on the other those who remained outside it.
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  • 50
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 82-93 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: It would amount to a serious error of judgment to treat North Vietnam's economic development as a mere pocket edition of the Chinese or Soviet experiment. It is, of course, true that many features of economic policy adopted by the bearded ruler of Hanoi show clear signs of their Pekingese or Muscovite parentage. As far back as 1954 Ton Duc Thanh, chairman of the Vietnamese Popular Front, Lien Viet, had pointed to the current Soviet scene as his country's target for the future.
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  • 51
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 94-104 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Until 1949, Communist rule was still restricted to states where wheat forms the basis of agricultural production. But when Mao Tse-tung extended his control to territories south of the Yangtse river, thereby enabling Ho Chi Minn to establish later a twin régime hi North Vietnam, the problem of collectivisation first appeared in tropical areas where rice is the main agricultural crop. From then on, an unforeseen problem of major importance has confronted the two Asian Communist leaders. Unlike their other colleagues in the Socialist camp, these two have had to adapt the rigorous norms of the collective system to the production of rice, an extremely delicate aquatic plant. Their relentless efforts to accomplish this are unprecedented and, now that the practical experiment has been in progress for several years, it is possible to make a preliminary appraisal of the results.
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  • 52
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 105-111 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: A belief widely current in the Western world is that Vietnamese in general dislike the Chinese, towards whom they experience a feeling of inferiority springing from the domination of Vietnam for over a thousand years by her powerful northern neighbour.
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  • 53
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 112-123 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: How good are Communist China's statistics? An attempt to answer this basic but vexing question has led me to investigate the working of its state statistical service. Since there was hardly any statistical system to speak of before 1949, did Peking manage to set one up that was actually workable? When did this happen and how did it develop? Where were official statistics produced and finalised? Were they used for planning purposes at different government levels? How were basic data obtained from the primary reporting units in different sectors of the economy? What mechanism was introduced to provide a degree of control over the quality of data? What were the size and quality of the statistical working force? What did occur in 1958 and 1959 when current official statistics had to be scaled down drastically from earlier officially authenticated claims? Are the revised figures satisfactory? Why have so few statistical materials been released since 1959? The search into these and many more questions has resulted in a volume on The Statistical System of Communist China, recently (1962) published by the University of California Press.
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  • 54
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 124-148 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Any treatment of such a basic topic as the role of law in China, old or new, becomes meaningful only if it is related to a discussion of the philosophy of law in our own tradition. In order to make an evaluation that brings the Chinese situation into relief, one has to compare, contrast, or relate the role of law at the different stages of China's development with its role in the Western tradition. Since the basic philosophical assumptions, on which all definition and discussion of law are based, are themselves controversial in our own tradition, this is a very hazardous undertaking; but it is crucial to any understanding of China, past and present.
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  • 55
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 149-181 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In the area under the rule of the Canton Government, the young Kuomintang members were full of revolutionary spirit and in favour of social change. In addition to this, the graduates of the Peasant Movement Training Institute, who were disciplined in the revolutionary atmosphere of the Institute, went out to the rural areas to organise the peasants. It is easy, then, to understand why the peasant unions developed rapidly in this area. Of course, even under the Canton Government, there were some countermovements among landlords, traditional local officials and their supporters.
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  • 56
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 182-192 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Until the Chinese “volunteers” crossed the Yalu in November 1950, the Chinese involvement in North Korean politics seems to have been minimal. And yet, when the North Korean régime's very life and the Chinese border were threatened by the massive assault of the United Nations forces, the Chinese quickly came to the aid of the North Koreans. What is Chinese policy toward Korea? What are the prospects for Sino-Korean relations? Such questions will concern us for a long time. This article details part of the historical background to them.
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  • 57
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 193-199 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 58
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 204-208 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 59
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    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 200-204 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 60
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 208-210 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 61
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 210-212 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 62
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 213-220 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 9 (1962), S. 221-222 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 64
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 19-53 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 67
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 55-56 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 57-74 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The question of who will succeed Mao Tse-tung is a fascinating and important question. The related question of the composite group of leaders which will emerge in about a decade is, if less fascinating, of at least equal importance, particularly given the increasing complexities of an industrialising society on the China mainland.Are we actually nearing a period when the present hierarchy will begin to fade away? Seemingly we are, as a quick flashback to 1949 will illustrate. When the Chinese Communists came to power thirteen years ago, they were rightfully considered a young group of leaders. Their triumphant general in the field, Lin Piao, was just over forty, Chou En-lai just over fifty, and Mao himself in his mid-fifties. Among his international peers, Mao was fifteen years younger than Stalin, eleven younger than Attlee, and almost ten younger than Truman. To emphasise their youth hi another way, only two men among the forty-four elected as full Central Committee (CQ members hi 1945 died a natural death from that time until 1960.
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  • 69
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 154-169 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In the present context we need not trace in detail the changes Lenin made in Marx's socio-historical views on the eve of and after the revolutions of 1917. Having previously described Lenin's doctrinal engineering of institutional history in general and of Russian history in particular, I shall here indicate only the change in the image of China that Lenin initiated after 1917 and that after his death Stalin and the Chinese Communists completed.
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  • 70
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 170-182 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: When the Chinese Communists spelled out their policy of regional autonomy for ethnic minorities, it appeared to many observers that a significant break with the past had been made. Throughout China's modern history, central governments sought to amalgamate the various ethnic minorities with the dominant Han group. Now, hi 1949, it seemed as if, for the first time, a central Chinese government was determined to end this process of sinification and to give its non-Chinese subjects a degree of autonomy. This self-rule, as outlined hi official documents of the Peking regime, included the administrative, economic, educational and cultural spheres of life.
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  • 71
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 191-202 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In the months prior to the recent fighting with India, China initiated a new policy in Tibet and towards the Himalayan border countries in order to recover the ground lost—in the case of Tibet—by its previous policies, and—in the case of the neighbouring Himalayan territories—by its suppression of the Tibetan revolt. China's recent successful attacks in the border areas will probably lend added strength to her diplomacy in the border states whatever the immediate reactions of some local statesmen.
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  • 72
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 138-153 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In a previous article I outlined briefly the development of the situation on the campus of Peking University (Pei-Ta) before, during and after the momentous events of the spring of 1957, the period of the “rectification campaign.”The sequence of events in the past four years permits us to view the rectification campaign as a dividing date in the history of Communist China. The rectification campaign was the culminating point of a period that had seen the post-revolutionary reorganisation of the country, the assertion by the Communist Party of total control over the political, economic and ideological life of the nation and, following a campaign of liquidation of counter-revolutionary elements in the summer of 1955, a sudden “thaw.”
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  • 73
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 183-190 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Since the change of political régime on the Chinese mainland in 1949, new values and attitudes have been consciously introduced by the Communist Party. The family institution has undergone a rather drastic alteration not only in form but also in composition, structure, roles of its members and especially in values and patterns of mate selection and marital adjustment. According to traditional Chinese social values, one should marry a person of relatively similar social background consistent with the concept of homogamy discussed by Burgess and his associates. The traditional Chinese sentiment often referred to the marriage of two individuals whose family front doors faced each other as a good match, implying that they had matched family backgrounds in residence, social class, occupations, education, economic status and other values held important in pre-Communist China. The strong emphasis laid by the Communist Party on indoctrinating every citizen in the political ideology of socialism and communism in true totalitarian form covers every phase of his life, including that of marriage. In the course of Communist rule, slightly more than a decade, this political emphasis has often come in direct conflict with the traditional value of social homogamy in mate selection and marriage.
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  • 74
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 203-206 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Early in the eighteenth century the European traveller Desideri who made a journey through Tibet and visited Lhasa wrote of the Cong-bo region of south-eastern Tibet that “all the Congo-bo provinces lying to the south of the river [the Tsangpo] march with the people called Lhoba which means Southern People... Not even the Tibetans, who are close neighbours and have many dealings with them, are allowed to enter their country but are obliged to stop on the frontier to barter their goods.”
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  • 75
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 207-210 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Anyone who has been scanning the news sections of the world press over the past few months must have come across headlines proclaiming Peking's “revived birth control bid” and the “renewal of the birth control campaign in Communist China.” The implication, as suggested by most of the articles, is that since China has suffered a series of grave agricultural reverses she is finally coming to her senses and again instituting controls over fertility. Has there recently been a change in the régime's attitude with respect to the population problem, and are the present measures likely to produce significant results in the rate of growth of China's population?Let us briefly review some of China's population policies over the past ten years. The initial jubilation over the results of the 1953 census, showing a population of almost 600 million on the Chinese mainland, was gradually modified to concern over the economic and social implications of both the size and the rate of growth of this population. The official propaganda, however, never admitted the economic problems inherent in a rapidly growing population, and the birth control campaign which started slowly in late 1954 and 1955 stressed the health and educational advantages of having a small family. After the campaign reached its peak in the middle of 1957 and the early part of 1958, it began to lose its impetus; and by the autumn of that year it became obvious that Communist China had reversed its recently introduced policy of birth control, at the same time introducing the communes and the “great leap forward.” The new policy proclaimed a severe labour shortage and attacked all proponents of controlled fertility as Malthusians and rightists. The labour shortage, proclaimed in 1958 as an excuse for the reversal of the birth control policy, became a reality in 1959, when the overzealous cadres created an artificial labour crisis by conscripting millions of men into a variety of mass projects.
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  • 76
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 234-239 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 77
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 252-258 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 78
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 79
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 12 (1962), S. 259-260 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 80
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 81
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 1-4 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 82
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 1-20 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Marx's interpretation of China enriched his concept of a completely Asiatic society. While dealing with England's relation to the Far East, he became aware that in imperial China, unlike in other oriental countries, land was privately held. His analysis of this seeming exception to the rule is unsatisfactory, but it is indicative of his socio-historical position. He continued to view China as a major case of “Asiatic production” even after he learned that there communal landed property had long been abolished.
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  • 83
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 58-77 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Anyone who had hoped that the proceedings of the National People's Congress would shed more light on China's current problems and future prospects than previous pronouncements had done, could console himself after its adjournment with the thought that he had been right in his suspicions, after all. By convening behind closed doors, the Congress avoided having to provide information on the state of the economy in the customary detail and thus merely reinforced the common speculation that all was not well or all was ill, depending on one's predilections.
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  • 84
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 169-183 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The trading potential of China, with its population of some 650 million people, has for long been a subject of absorbing interest, and never more so than in recent years, with the rapid expansion of economic growth which has been brought about since the establishment of the People's Republic.The policies of the Chinese Government have led to drastic changes in the orientation of its international trade, in its administration and to notable modifications in the nature of both imports and exports. These have all derived primarily from the change to a Communist Government and to its implementation of the corresponding political and economic systems.
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  • 85
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 184-199 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Chinese diplomatic interest in Indonesia has been developing for three-quarters of a century. The past dozen years since the completion of the military phases of the revolutions in the two countries have heard both harmonious pledges of amity and, not altogether paradoxically, the grating sound of national purposes crossing. In most exchanges, the Peking Communists and the Djakarta nationalists have bubbled with friendship; on one occasion, however, this duologue became sensationally antagonistic. In South-East Asia, as in other regions, China has not yet worked out a diplomatic means for the full reconciliation of continuing national interests with the demands of revolutionary strategy. The survey to follow forms a fever chart recording a steady rise in Sino-Indonesian warmth, a plunge to racking chills, and, for the moment, convalescence.
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  • 86
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 200-213 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Nearly all Chinese, and many foreign students of China, will have it that China has never been, and is now unlikely to become, an expansionist power. A recent article in The Times said that China, being land-based rather than maritime, “never developed any sense of international relations”; instead of a Foreign Office, the old China had until 1842 an office for the management of barbarians, “whose respect for Chinese supremacy was demanded or exacted.” In other words, China's non-aggressiveness contains an element of semantic jugglery. How could China “expand,” and how could there be international relations when the Emperor was already regarded as ruler of the world? It is worth recalling that when the Ming fleets visited places as distant as Aden to “make known the Imperial commands,” this concept was in fact extended to peoples overseas; on their return, the envoys announced: “The countries beyond the horizon and from the ends of the earth have all become subjects ... the barbarians from beyond the seas ... have come to audience bearing precious objects and presents.”
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  • 87
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 225-235 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 88
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 161-168 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: August 1, 1927, is one of the big days in the history of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It marked the opening of a military phase which was to last more than twenty years and was to leave a deep mark on the Party and the present régime both in their outlook and their structure. Symbolically, it is the birthday of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the Chinese Red Army, and it is as such that it is celebrated every year. It would perhaps be worthwhile after thirty-five years to make an accurate assessment of this event and first to place it in the political context of the time.
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  • 89
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 124-139 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Among all dramatic and operatic forms in China, Peking Opera is perhaps the most popular one, and has been enjoyed by the people for more than a hundred years. The name “Peking,” however, does not really suggest the origin of this opera. Its Chinese name is p'i-huang, or erh-huang, which does indicate the origin of the opera. The word “p'i” in Chinese means “tunes,” and the character “huang” refers to one or two districts located in Hupeh province (the other name “erh-huang” means “two Huangs”) where this kind of music first originated, although the district of Huang-kang is generally believed to be the birthplace of this opera. Apparently this new kind of music soon spread to other districts of Hupeh, as well as to the adjacent provinces including Anhwei. The popularity of this new opera form encouraged and justified professional organisations, and troupes brought the opera to Peking, then the capital city of the Manchu (Ch'ing) dynasty. However, credit went to the Four Great Anhwei Troupes for their role in establishing this opera in the capital during the waning years of the Ch'ing period. The patronage of official circles, especially the royal clans in the Manchu court, helped tremendously in gaining fame and position for this new opera form. The Empress Dowager, Tz'u-hsi, so enjoyed this opera form that she ordered private theatres built in the palaces for her own enjoyment. (One of such theatres is still standing in the Summer Palace today.) As a result, the new operatic form was given a new name, ching-hsi (“Capital Opera”). And since Peking was the capital then, it was nicknamed the “Peking Opera” which subsequently has become the recognised name for it.
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  • 90
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 214-218 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 91
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 239-242 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 92
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 245-248 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 93
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 11 (1962), S. 261-262 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 94
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 95
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 23-44 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The international advance of Communism in our time is in no small measure due to the apparent flexibility with which Marxist and Leninist concepts have been applied—often with startling selectivity—to the problems of the newly emergent and underdeveloped countries of the world. While generally and carefully observing all strictures against “revisionism” and “subjectivism,” Communist leaders in these new nations dip with ease into the reservoir of the thought of Marx and Lenin and its practitioners for a justification of their particular tactics, pointing out that Communist thought itself invites flexibility and adaptability. Stalin could quote with approval Lenin's dictum that “We do not regard Marxist theory as something complete and inviolable; on the contrary, we are convinced that it has only laid the cornerstone of the science which Socialists must further advance in all directions if they wish to keep pace with life.”
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  • 96
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 78-83 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The divergence of policy between Britain and the United States over the recognition of Communist China is now twelve years old. In the spring of 1950 nobody could have anticipated that it would go so deep or last so long. When the British Government transferred de jure recognition as the Government of China from the Kuomintang régime still holding out in Formosa to the new Communist authority which by victory in the civil war had gained control of the whole Chinese mainland, it was not considered in London to be an act contrary to American policy because it was understood that the American Government would do the same after a short interval of time. The policy of the Truman Administration, after the failure of the ill-conceived Marshall Mission, had been one of disengagement from the Chinese civil war; it was in accordance with this line that the War Department obstructed the delivery to the National Government of the arms voted by Congress in the China Aid Bill of 1948. When the Kuomintang régime collapsed on the mainland, the American Government made it clear that it would take no action to preserve its remnant in Formosa; the Secretary of State declared that America's “defence perimeter” lay in Japan, Okinawa and the Philippines, excluding Formosa and South Korea. No objection was raised in Washington to the British Government's intention to give de jure recognition at an early date, but it was hinted that because of the domestic political situation the United States would have to wait until the mid-term Congressional elections of 1950 were safely over.
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  • 97
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 98-122 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: There are a variety of agencies engaged in elementary education in Communist China. Besides the regular elementary schools for children, there are adult schools of elementary grade and spare-time elementary schools for youth as well as older people; there are winter schools in the rural areas, worker-peasant schools, and various kinds of literacy classes. In view of limited space, this article will deal only with the regular elementary schools. Kindergartens and nursery schools are not included in the discussion.
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  • 98
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 144-148 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: A unique view of the Sino-Soviet dispute may be had from Belgrade. Yugoslavia is at once on the side-lines of the affair, but in another sense is vitally concerned. Since the League of Yugoslav Communists “codified” Titoism in 1958 in its new, revised programme, the Chinese Communists have become the main critics of their Yugoslav comrades and thereby—obliquely—of Soviet policies as well. It was an interesting development of this that when Moscow mobilised its satellites and Communist Parties against the Chinese “dogmatists,” the time came for Belgrade to reply to Chinese attacks, siding in the main with the Kremlin. In this Yugoslav counter-attack against their Chinese critics, a book by Edvard Kardelj, Yugoslav Vice-President, Socialism and War, A Survey of Chinese Criticism of the Policy of Co-existence, has played a key role. It is a document of considerable importance, and through it we are able to see much more clearly the basic differences in the Communist camp. The revelations of the Sino-Soviet dispute in the documents, now in the hands of Western governments, correspond closely to Kardelj's assertions.
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  • 99
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 10 (1962), S. 166-173 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In the general history of the social sciences we assume that the marriage between sociology and anthropology comes late, having been preceded by a long courtship. China does not fit this pattern. Almost as soon as the social sciences were established there anthropology and sociology were intertwined—to be disentangled in a strange way when the Communists arrived. To avoid a tedious recitation of evidence let me call just one witness, a scholar whose later career in the United States makes his testimony underline the Chinese paradox. Writing in China in 1944 Francis L. K. Hsu says: “In this paper. the word sociology is used synonymously with the term social anthropology. Few serious Chinese scholars today maintain the distinction between the once separate disciplines. Sociologists teach anthropology in our universities as a matter of course, just as scholars with distinctively anthropological background lecture on sociology.”
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  • 100
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @British journal for the history of science 1 (1962), S. 1-3 
    ISSN: 0007-0874
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Geschichte , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
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