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  • 2020-2024  (1,154)
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  • 1
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    transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Zwar ist in den letzten Jahren der Konsens gewachsen, dass Deutschland ein Einwanderungsland ist, aber der Blick auf Migranten hat sich dadurch nicht wesentlich geändert. Auf der Basis des Paradigmas kultureller Differenz gelten sie nach wie vor als die Anderen, die Fremden. Doch die Fremdheit der Migranten als eine Prämisse der Debatte über Einwanderung in Deutschland verstellt den Blick für eine sehr vielfältige und gar nicht unbedingt fremde Lebenswirklichkeit. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes nun stellen diese Prämisse in Frage. Sie untersuchen, wie in den Diskursen von Gesellschaft, Politik und Wissenschaft die kulturelle Differenz vor allem der Einwanderer aus der Türkei immer wieder festgeschrieben wird und diskutieren anhand neuer theoretischer Zugänge alternative Perspektiven. Damit bereichert der Band die gegenwärtige Diskussion um Migration um notwendige innovative Positionen.
    Keywords: Migration ; Identität ; Kultur ; Interkulturalität ; Cultural Studies ; Soziologie ; Culture ; Interculturalism ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: German
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  • 2
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    transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: BSE, Vogelgrippe oder Gammelfleisch - diese Stichworte sind ein fester Bestandteil der massenmedialen Berichterstattung. Welchen Stellenwert haben aber solche Ereignisse für die Menschen im Alltag? Wie arrangieren sie sich mit der permanenten Skandalisierung? Welche Skandale lösen bei ihnen überhaupt noch Irritationen aus? Diese Fragen bilden die Grundlage für eine empirisch-soziologische Untersuchung des alltäglichen Umgangs mit Lebensmittelskandalen. Entgegen anderen Untersuchungen geht diese Studie nicht von einer allgemeinen Betroffenheit und Gefährdungswahrnehmung aus, sondern arbeitet anhand von qualitativen Interviews unterschiedliche subjektive Erfahrungen, Deutungen, Reaktionen und Rechtfertigungen heraus und rekonstruiert diese in einer Typologie der individuellen Bewältigungsmuster.
    Keywords: Lebensmittelskandale ; Verbraucher ; Risiko ; Unsicherheit ; Gesellschaft ; Esskultur ; Konsum ; Soziologie ; Society ; Food Studies ; Consumption ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science
    Language: German
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  • 3
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    transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-05-12
    Description: Realexperimente tragen die Risiken der Forschung in die Gesellschaft. Gesellschaft wird damit ein Laboratorium des Wandels, in dem die Suche nach neuem Wissen und die Anwendung erprobten Wissens Hand in Hand gehen. Die Fallbeispiele in diesem Buch illustrieren, wie sich daraus rekursive Lernprozesse ergeben. Die Beispiele stammen aus drei Kontinenten und erstrecken sich von der Sanierung des Sempachersees in der Schweiz bis zum Design einer Halbinsel in Chicago. Ihre Analyse zeigt, dass sorgfältige Planung ebenso wie Offenheit für Überraschungen zu robusten Gestaltungsprozessen beitragen. Realexperimente sind daher keine minderwertige Variante des Experimentierens im Labor, sondern eine für die Wissensgesellschaft charakteristische Form der Wissenserzeugung und Zukunftsgestaltung.
    Keywords: Ökologisches Design ; Transdisziplinärität ; Wissenschafts- und Technikforschung ; Natur ; Wissenschaft ; Umweltsoziologie ; Wissenschaftssoziologie ; Techniksoziologie ; Soziologie ; Nature ; Science ; Environmental Sociology ; Sociology of Science ; Sociology of Technology ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science
    Language: German
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  • 4
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    transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-05-12
    Description: Diese Studie stellt den Versuch dar, Praktiken des Essens und Trinkens auf originelle Weise in der zeitlichen Dimension zu erfassen. Durch die Verknüpfung von Elementen einer Sozialtheorie der Zeit mit Ansätzen aus der Lebensstilforschung werden Mahlzeiten als Episoden der alltäglichen Lebensführung begreifbar. Die Kopplung von Mahl-Zeiten und Zeit-Stilen wird anschaulich und aktuell am Beispiel von »Zeitpionieren« und »flexiblen Menschen« nachgezogen. Empirische Befunde treffen dabei auf anspruchsvolle theoretische Grundlegungen.
    Keywords: Zeit ; Lebensstile ; Kultur ; Ernährung ; Gesellschaft ; Esskultur ; Lebensstil ; Kultursoziologie ; Soziologische Theorie ; Soziologie ; Culture ; Society ; Food Studies ; Lifestyle ; Sociology of Culture ; Sociological Theory ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: German
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  • 5
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    transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-05-12
    Description: Seit über zehn Jahren zerreibt sich die Migrationsforschung ohne klares Ergebnis zwischen Transnationalisten und Assimilationisten. Das Buch zeigt, dass der letztendlich gleiche Beobachtungsrahmen beider Theorieoptionen der Grund für ihre Erkenntnisarmut ist. Mithilfe der Systemtheorie wird deshalb eine neue Sicht auf Migrationen in der modernen Gesellschaft entworfen. Die vielfältigen, transnationalen und stets kontingenten Bewegungen von post-jugoslawischen Migrantinnen und Migranten können so aufschlussreich erfasst sowie die Gesellschaft über die Folgen ihres Strukturaufbaus informiert werden.
    Keywords: Migration ; Migrationstheorie ; Südosteuropa/Post-Jugoslawien ; Theoretische Geografie ; Globalisierung ; Raum ; Sozialgeographie ; Soziologie ; Globalization ; Space ; Social Geography ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: German
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  • 6
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    transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-05-12
    Description: Erwerbsarbeit dominiert unser Leben. Seit der Industriellen Revolution im 19. Jahrhundert ist sie ins Zentrum des gesellschaftlichen, wirtschaftlichen und politischen Lebens in Europa gerückt und bestimmt unsere gesellschaftliche Stellung sowie unsere Selbstdefinition. Mittlerweile ist das Normalarbeitsverhältnis in vielen Bereichen von neuen Formen der Arbeit abgelöst worden: Industrielle Produktion ist weitgehend automatisiert oder in Niedriglohnländer verlagert, prekäre Arbeitsverhältnisse haben Hochkonjunktur und die Arbeitslosigkeit hat sich auf einem hohen Niveau eingependelt. Die Beiträge des Bandes nehmen diese Tendenzen auf und liefern Impulse für die Gestaltung des Lebens und Arbeitens in Europa.
    Keywords: Arbeit ; Europa ; Globalisierung ; Bildung ; Prekarität ; Gender ; Arbeits- und Industriesoziologie ; Europäische Politik ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Soziologie ; Work ; Europe ; Globalization ; Education ; Sociology of Work and Industry ; European Politics ; Social Inequality ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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  • 7
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    transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Das Thema Migration ist in der Gesellschaft angekommen. Gilt das auch für die Medien? Dieses Buch trägt mit empirischen Befunden zur Integrationsdebatte bei. Anhand von Forschungen zu Journalisten, zu Inhalten von deutschen und Minderheitenmedien, zu Rezipienten sowie zu gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen entsteht ein Bild der bundesdeutschen Medienlandschaft, die beginnt, die bisherigen Grenzen von (deutscher) Mehrheit und Einwanderern, Produktion und Nutzung zu überwinden. Die thematisch und methodisch vielfältig angelegten Beiträge widmen sich den Fragen der medialen Integration ethnischer Minderheiten und schlagen dabei einen Bogen vom historischen Lernen über statistische und inhaltsanalytische Bestandsaufnahmen bis hin zu den Möglichkeiten des Internets.
    Keywords: Ethnische Minderheiten ; Integration ; Journalismus ; Medien ; Migration ; Mediensoziologie ; Interkulturalität ; Soziologie ; Media ; Sociology of Media ; Interculturalism ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies
    Language: German
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  • 8
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    Rutgers University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Electronic Iran introduces the concept of the Iranian Internet, a framework that captures interlinked, transnational networks of virtual and offline spaces. Taking her cues from early Internet ethnographies that stress the importance of treating the Internet as both a site and product of cultural production, accounts in media studies that highlight the continuities between old and new media, and a range of works that have made critical interventions in the field of Iranian studies, Niki Akhavan traces key developments and confronts conventional wisdom about digital media in general, and contemporary Iranian culture and politics in particular. Akhavan focuses largely on the years between 1998 and 2012 to reveal a diverse and combative virtual landscape where both geographically and ideologically dispersed individuals and groups deployed Internet technologies to variously construct, defend, and challenge narratives of Iranian national identity, society, and politics.l
    Keywords: Sociology ; Blog ; Blogosphere ; Digital media ; FriendFeed ; Internet ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Social media ; Website ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: All over the world new ideas and models emerge on how to organize the higher education sector and its institutions. The contributions in this volume identify the most influential transnational models and investigate their origins and mechanisms of dissemination as well as the resulting consequences for national systems. Will global trends in higher education lead to homogeneity or will they result in an increased differentiation? This question is addressed by higher education researchers with very different disciplinary and national backgrounds. Contributors are, among others, Jürgen Enders, John W. Meyer, Christine Musselin and Kerstin Sahlin-Andersson.
    Keywords: University ; Higher Education ; Globalization ; Organization ; Education ; Science ; Sociology of Education ; Educational Research ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: Ludwig Wittgensteins Philosophie war immer schon Philosophieren. Das »Wie«, die Form, ist ihm nicht lediglich marginaler Zusatz zum eigentlich wichtigen Inhalt. Seine philosophische (Überzeugungs-)Kraft liegt nicht allein in seinen Argumenten - sie ist auch Folge des literarisch-poetischen Charakters seiner Texte. Nicht zuletzt das macht sein Œuvre zu einem über das Gesagte hinausgehenden Werk. Jenseits der strikten Unterscheidung in frühe und späte Werkphase nimmt dieses Buch die Dimension eines auf Wahrnehmung mit allen Sinnen zielenden, aisthetischen Philosophierens zum Ausgangspunkt einer Rekonstruktion des Wittgenstein'schen Denkwegs.
    Keywords: Sprachphilosophie ; Ästhetik ; Soziologie ; Literaturwissenschaft ; Ludwig Wittgenstein ; Sprache ; Deutsche Philosophiegeschichte ; Analytische Philosophie ; Philosophie ; Philosophy of Language ; Aesthetics ; Sociology ; Literary Studies ; Language ; German History of Philosophy ; Analytical Philosophy ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Credit risk remains one of the major risks faced by most financial and credit institutions. It is deeply connected to the real economy due to the systemic nature of some banks, but also because well-managed lending facilities are key for wealth creation and technological innovation. This book is a collection of innovative papers in the field of credit risk management. Besides the probability of default (PD), the major driver of credit risk is the loss given default (LGD). In spite of its central importance, LGD modeling remains largely unexplored in the academic literature. This book proposes three contributions in the field. Ye & Bellotti exploit a large private dataset featuring non-performing loans to design a beta mixture model. Their model can be used to improve recovery rate forecasts and, therefore, to enhance capital requirement mechanisms. François uses instead the price of defaultable instruments to infer the determinants of market-implied recovery rates and finds that macroeconomic and long-term issuer specific factors are the main determinants of market-implied LGDs. Cheng & Cirillo address the problem of modeling the dependency between PD and LGD using an original, urn-based statistical model. Fadina & Schmidt propose an improvement of intensity-based default models by accounting for ambiguity around both the intensity process and the recovery rate. Another topic deserving more attention is trade credit, which consists of the supplier providing credit facilities to his customers. Whereas this is likely to stimulate exchanges in general, it also magnifies credit risk. This is a difficult problem that remains largely unexplored. Kanapickiene & Spicas propose a simple but yet practical model to assess trade credit risk associated with SMEs and microenterprises operating in Lithuania. Another topical area in credit risk is counterparty risk and all other adjustments (such as liquidity and capital adjustments), known as XVA. Chataignier & Crépey propose a genetic algorithm to compress CVA and to obtain affordable incremental figures. Anagnostou & Kandhai introduce a hidden Markov model to simulate exchange rate scenarios for counterparty risk. Eventually, Boursicot et al. analyzes CoCo bonds, and find that they reduce the total cost of debt, which is positive for shareholders. In a nutshell, all the featured papers contribute to shedding light on various aspects of credit risk management that have, so far, largely remained unexplored.
    Keywords: recovery rates ; beta regression ; credit risk ; contingent convertible debt ; financial modelling ; risk management ; financial crisis ; recovery rate ; loss given default ; model ambiguity ; default time ; no-arbitrage ; reduced-form HJM models ; recovery process ; Counterparty Credit Risk ; Hidden Markov Model ; Risk Factor Evolution ; Backtesting ; FX rate ; Geometric Brownian Motion ; trade credit ; small and micro-enterprises ; financial non-financial variables ; risk assessment ; logistic regression ; probability of default ; wrong-way risk ; dependence ; urn model ; counterparty risk ; credit valuation adjustment (CVA) ; XVA (X-valuation adjustments) compression ; genetic algorithm ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WC Antiques, vintage and collectables::WCF Collecting coins, banknotes, medals and other related items
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The growing integration and participation of the Jewish population in politics, society, culture arts and religion shaped these spheres in Vienna during the time of the First Republic. Social dynamics of the young democracy, interplay of the different Jewish milieus, immigration from Eastern and Southeastern Europe as well as the growing cultural links with Berlin, Budapest, Paris and Prague made Austrian-Jewish culture in all areas of the development of the city of Vienna highly influential. Antidemocratic tendencies, especially antisemitism, influenced both the discourses on current events and inner-Jewish debates such as the role of Jewish religion, acculturation and Zionism. The publication "Wien und die jüdische Erfahrung 1900 - 1938. Akkulturation - Antisemitismus, Zionismus" initiated by Univ.-Prof. Frank Stern and Mag. Barbara Eichinger from the Institute for Contemporary History, University of Vienna, shows the state of the art of research on this subject. The publications focus placed on the current interdisciplinary inclusion of Austrian-Jewish cultural history. The volume of approx. 400 pages presents up-to-date research papers by the contributors as well as an academic discourse among the authors. In order to make this discourse possible, the editors organised a four day international conference in March 2007, where academics presented their research in themed panels and discussed them in an interdisciplinary framework with other experts. The contributions to this volume present this research takting into consideration the discussions among the colleagues at the conference. Those authors who did not participate in the conference and are partly working at American universities (a.o. Harriet Pass Freidenreich, Sander Gilman) provide an insight into current US American research on the subject. The contributions in German and English by 29 authors are organized into the following subject areas: "Society and politics between acculturation and tradition" (Steven Beller, Eleonore Lappin, Klaus Hödl, Albert Lichtblau), "Music between concert hall and film: Viennese composers of Jewish descent" (Peter Dusek, Karin Wagner), "Zionism in Vienna: between coffee house, cultural and political movement" (Dieter Hecht, Armin Eidherr, Hanno Loewy), "Cultural transfer between Vienna and Palestine/Israel" (Klaus Davidowicz, Sandra Goldstein), "Viennese Jewish milieus 1900 - 1938" (Evelyn Adunka, Peter Landesmann, Marcus G. Patka, Karin Stögner), "Women´s movements in Vienna"(Harriet Pass Freidenreich, Elisabeth Malleier, Michaela Raggam-Blesch), "Identity crises and antisemitism" (Gabriele Anderl, Elisabeth Brainin and Samy Teicher, Sander Gilman, Siegfried Mattl, Michael Laurence Miller), "Literature and theater in interwar Vienna" (Brigitte Dallinger, Werner Hanak, Birgit Peter), "The Road into the open on stage and screen (Wolfgang Müller-Funk, Murray G. Hall, Bettina Riedmann). The authors come from research centres in Belgium, Germany, Israel, the USA and Hungary as well as all current research centres on Jewish history in Austria (a.o. Institute for Jewish Studies, Vienna; Institute for History, Salzburg; Center for Jewish Cultural History, Salzburg; Institutte for the History of the Jews in Austria, St. Pölten; Center for Jewish Studies, Graz; Institute of Contemporary History, Vienna; University of Performing Arts, Vienna; Institut for German Studies, Vienna; Institut for Theater, Film and Media Studies, Vienna; Jewish Museum of the City of Vienna). The volume will be published in the anniversary year 2008 with a preface by the rector of the University of Vienna, Univ.-Prof. Dr. Georg Winckler.
    Description: Politik, Gesellschaft, Kultur, Kunst und Religion sind im Wien der Ersten Republik durch eine immense Zunahme der Integration und Partizipation der jüdischen Bevölkerung charakterisiert. Die innergesellschaftliche Dynamik der jungen Demokratie und die Wechselwirkung der verschiedenen jüdischen Milieus, die Zuwanderungen aus Ost- und Südosteuropa sowie die wachsende kulturelle Vernetzung mit Berlin, Budapest, Paris und Prag führten zu einflussreichen Ausprägungen der österreichisch-jüdischen Kultur in allen Bereichen der Entwicklung der Stadt Wien. Antidemokratische Tendenzen, insbesondere der Antisemitismus, beeinflussen sowohl die tagespolitische als auch die innerjüdischen Diskurse, etwa über die Rolle der jüdischen Religion, der Akkulturation und des Zionismus. Die Publikation "Wien und die jüdische Erfahrung 1900 - 1938. Akkulturation, Antisemitismus, Zionismus", initiiert von Univ.-Prof. Dr. Frank Stern und Mag. Barbara Eichinger am Institut für Zeitgeschichte, Universität Wien, zeigt den State-of-the-Art der Forschung zu diesem Thema. Wobei der Fokus auf der aktuellen interdisziplinären Einbeziehung österreichisch-jüdischer Kulturgeschichte liegt. Der ca. 400 Seiten umfassende Band präsentiert neben momentanen Forschungsarbeiten der Beitragenden einen gemeinsamen wissenschaftlichen Diskurs der AutorInnen untereinander. Um diesen zu ermöglichen, organisierten die HerausgeberInnen im März 2007 eine viertägige internationale Konferenz, auf der geladene WissenschafterInnen ihre Forschungsarbeiten in themenspezifischen Panels anderen ExpertInnen zur interdisziplinären Diskussion stellten. Die Präsentation ihrer fortgeschrittenen Forschungsarbeit unter Berücksichtigung der Diskussionen unter KollegInnen während der Konferenz in die Beiträge des vorliegenden Bandes integriert worden. Jene AutorInnen, die nicht an der Konferenz teilgenommen hatten und teilweise an amerikanischen Universitäten tätig sind (u.a. Harriet Pass-Freidenreich, Sander Gilman), zeigen mit ihren Essays ein Bild der gegenwärtigen US-amerikanischen Forschung zum Thema. Die in deutscher und englischer Sprache verfassten Beiträge der 30 AutorInnen finden sich in folgenden Themengebieten wieder: "Gesellschaft und Politik zwischen Akkulturation und Tradition" (Steven Beller, Eleonore Lappin, Klaus Hödl, Albert Lichtblau), "Musik zwischen Konzertsaal und Film: Wiener Komponisten jüdischer Herkunft (Peter Dusek, Karin Wagner), "Zionismus in Wien: Zwischen Kaffeehaus, kultureller und politischer Bewegung" (Dieter Hecht, Armin Eidherr, Hanno Loewy), "Kulturtransfer zwischen Wien und Palästina/Israel" (Klaus Davidowicz, Sandra Goldstein), "Wiener jüdische Milieus 1900 - 1938" (Evelyn Adunka, Peter Landesmann, Marcus G. Patka, Karin Stögner), "Frauenbewegungen in Wien" (Harriet Pass-Freidenreich, Elisabeth Malleier, Michaela Raggam-Blesch), "Identitätskrisen und Antisemitismus" (Gabriele Anderl, Elisabeth Brainin und Samy Teicher, Sander Gilman, Siegfried Mattl, Michael Laurence Miller), "Literatur und Theater im Wien der Zwischenkriegszeit" (Brigitte Dalinger, Werner Hanak, Birgit Peter), "Der Weg ins Freie auf Bühne und Leinwand" (Wolfgang Müller-Funk, Murray G. Hall, Bettina Riedmann). Mit den AutorInnen sind neben Forschungsstätten in Belgien, Deutschland, Israel den USA und Ungarn alle gegenwärtigen Forschungsstätten zur jüdischen Geschichte in Österreich (u.a. Institut für Judaistik Wien; Institut für Geschichte Salzburg; Zentrum für Jüdische Kulturgeschichte Salzburg; Institut für Geschichte der Juden in Österreich, St. Pölten; Zentrum für jüdische Studien, Graz; Institut für Zeitgeschichte Wien; Universität für darstellende Kunst Wien; Institut für Germanistik Wien; Institut für Theater-, Film- und Medienwissenschaft Wien; Jüdisches Museum der Stadt Wien) vertreten. Der Band soll mit einem Vorwort des Rektors der Universität Wien, Univ.-Prof. Dr. Georg Winckler, im Gedenkjahr 2008 erscheinen.
    Keywords: cultural history ; Jewish Culture and History ; Theatre ; Film- and Media-Studies ; Austrian History ; Antisemitism ; Sociology ; Juden ; Wien ; Zionismus ; thema EDItEUR::V Health, Relationships and Personal development
    Language: German
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Despite being one of the most popular sports worldwide, basketball has received limited research attention compared to other team sports. Establishing a strong evidence base with high-quality and impactful research is essential in enhancing decision-making processes to optimize player performance for basketball professionals. Consequently, the book entitled Improving Performance and Practice in Basketball provides a collection of novel research studies to increase the available evidence on various topics with strong translation to practice in basketball. The book includes work by 40 researchers from 16 institutions or professional organizations from 9 countries. In keeping with notable topics in basketball research, the book contains 2 reviews focused on monitoring strategies to detect player fatigue and considerations for travel in National Basketball Association players. In addition, 8 applied studies are also included in the book, focused on workload monitoring, game-related statistics, and the measurement of physical and skill attributes in basketball players. This book also has a strong focus on increasing the evidence available for female basketball players, who have traditionally been under-represented in the literature. The outcomes generated from this book should provide new insights to inform practice in many areas for professionals working in various roles with basketball teams.
    Keywords: GV557-1198.995 ; n/a ; talent selection ; classification tree ; Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 ; NBA ; basketball ; maturation ; body composition ; fatigue ; countermovement jump ; athletic performance ; circadian rhythm ; injury ; basketball tactics ; female ; athlete ; non-linear analysis ; monitoring ; basketball performance ; performance analysis ; training load ; variability ; game-related statistics ; sleep ; youth athletes ; accelerometer ; women athletes ; fat free mass ; collegiate athletes ; workloads ; team sports ; machine learning ; microtechnology ; motor manual sequences ; elite sport ; attention ; visuo-spatial working memory ; playing position ; smallest worthwhile change ; body fat ; thema EDItEUR::V Health, Relationships and Personal development::VX Mind, body, spirit::VXH Complementary therapies, healing and health::VXHT Traditional medicine and herbal remedies
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Collectively working robot teams can solve a problem more efficiently than a single robot, while also providing robustness and flexibility to the group. Swarm robotics model is a key component of a cooperative algorithm that controls the behaviors and interactions of all individuals. The robots in the swarm should have some basic functions, such as sensing, communicating, and monitoring, and satisfy the following properties:
    Keywords: QA75.5-76.95 ; T58.5-58.64 ; n/a ; self-organization ; signal source localization ; multi-robot system ; sensor deployment ; parallel technique ; shape normalization ; genetic algorithm ; multiple robots ; optimization ; improved potential field ; optimal configuration ; autonomous docking ; asymmetrical interaction ; comparison ; behaviors ; patterns ; self-assembly robots ; congestion control ; surface-water environment ; target recognition ; coordinate motion ; UAV swarms ; formation reconfiguration ; swarm robotics ; swarm intelligence ; artificial bee colony algorithm ; obstacle avoidance ; fish swarm optimization ; search algorithm ; robotics ; time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) ; formation ; mobile robots ; formation control ; meta-heuristic ; event-triggered communication ; search ; virtual structure ; 3D model identification ; surveillance ; event-driven coverage ; scale-invariant feature transform ; system stability ; Swarm intelligence algorithm ; bionic intelligent algorithm ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; underwater environment ; artificial flora (AF) algorithm ; swarm behavior ; weighted implicit shape representation ; Cramer–Rao low bound (CRLB) ; environmental perception ; particle swarm optimization ; modular robots ; cooperative target hunting ; virtual linkage ; multi-AUV ; consensus control ; panoramic view ; nonlinear disturbance observer ; sliding mode controller ; path optimization ; Swarm Chemistry ; multi-agents ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Organic waste composting is another excellent example to demonstrate the power and the benefits of nexus thinking. Even though organic waste composting itself is not a new topic, those who want to start a new project or align an ongoing project with nexus thinking, find it difficult to gather the necessary information. With nine case studies from four continents, this book aims to fill above gap in literature. While current literature on composting is often found to be limited to either soil/agriculture sector or waste management sector, this book presents a combined point of view. This open access book starts with an introductory chapter that describes the need to bring the waste management aspects and soil nutrient management aspects of compost production into one integrated theme. The relevance of nexus thinking and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are also presented in this introduction. The first three chapters after the introduction covers composting from the solid waste management and its policy aspects, taking examples from three developing countries. The next three examples are mostly about the benefits composting can provide to the soil and agriculture. These examples are also from three developing countries, but with a mixture of urban as well as rural settings. Last three chapters present more insight into the latest developments taking examples from Europe, as well as new methods adapted from the traditional styles from Africa.
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Waste Management/Waste Technology ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Policy ; Sociology, general ; Soil Science ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Sustainable Waste Management ; Soil Water Retention ; Nutrients ; Health risks ; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ; Open Access ; Agricultural science ; Waste management ; Waste treatment & disposal ; Environmental management, ; Central / national / federal government policies ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNH Waste management ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Elastomer materials are characterized by their high elongation and (entropy) elasticity, which makes them indispensable for widespread applications in various engineering and medical areas as well as consumer goods. This book focuses on the state-of-the-art of elastomers covering all aspects from their properties to applications. The development and testing of advanced elastomers is of particular interest. Attention is given to various aspects of elastomers, such as ever-increasing environmental concepts dealing with recyclability and reusability, incorporation of functional groups or additives to obtain novel functionality or bioelastomers, analytical description of mechanisms and structure relations of the fracture behavior of elastomers, and their external stimuli-responsive character. The scope of the book encompasses contributions at the frontier of science in polymer network synthesis, experimental and theoretical physics of polymer networks, and new structures and functionalities incorporated into elastomers leading to enhanced properties of crosslinked elastomeric materials, among others.
    Keywords: magnetorheological elastomer ; filler ; hetero-aggregation ; nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites ; electrical resistance ; resistivity ; rheological properties ; elastomers ; in-situ silica ; friction ; abrasion ; tear fatigue test ; buffing dust collagen (BDC) ; styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) ; polymer composites ; biodegradation ; bio-oil ; bio-based plasticizer ; eco-friendly plasticizer ; acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber ; NBR ; mechanical testing ; thermo-oxidative aging ; vulcanized rubber ; rubber compounds ; carbon black ; vibration damping ; viscoelasticity ; magnetorheological ; elastomer ; magnetic particle ; viscoelastic ; rheological ; smart materials ; coating ; particle coating ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In this Special Issue, we have several papers related to fuel-cell-based cogeneration systems; the management and control of fuel cell systems; the analysis, simulation, and operation of different types of fuel cells; modelling and online experimental validation; and the environment assessment of cathode materials in lithium-ion battery energy generation systems. A paper which gives a comprehensive review with technical guidelines for the design and operation of fuel cells, especially in a cogeneration system setup, which can be an important source of references for the optimal design and operation of various types of fuel cells in cogeneration systems, can also be found in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: LIBs ; environmental sustainability ; cathode material ; LCA ; wind energy ; fuel cell ; IM ; induction generator ; hybrid system ; mine blast optimizer ; solid oxide fuel cell ; robust model predictive control ; off-line calculation ; control synthesis ; review ; cogeneration ; optimal design ; guidelines ; SOFC ; simulation ; internal reforming ; anode oxidation ; carbon formation ; direct methanol fuel cell ; methanol crossover ; power density ; catalyst ; membrane electrode assembly ; Colebrook equation ; fuel cells ; flow friction factor ; open-cathode ; pressure drop ; symbolic regression ; numerically stabile solution ; roughness ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The development of solid state gas sensors based on microtransducers and nanostructured sensing materials is the key point in the design of portable measurement systems able to reach sensing and identification performance comparable with analytical ones. In such a context several efforts must be spent of course in the development of the sensing material, but also in the choice of the transducer mechanism and its structure, in the electrical characterization of the performance and in the design of suitable measurement setups. This call for papers invites researchers worldwide to report about their novel results on the most recent advances and overview in design and measurements for applications in gas sensors, along with their relevant features and technological aspects. Original research papers are welcome (but not limited) on all aspects that focus on the most recent advances in: (i) basic principles and modeling of gas and VOCs sensors; (ii) new gas sensor principles and technologies; (iii) Characterization and measurements methodologies; (iv) transduction and sampling systems; (vi) package optimization; (vi) gas sensor based systems and applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; indium oxide ; n/a ; environmental monitoring ; semiconductor ; gas sensor ; packed gas chromatographic column ; ultrathin carbon layer ; metal-oxide-semiconductor array sensor ; halitosis ; laser ablation ; capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUT) ; LTCC side via ; MEMS ; indirect packaging ; gas sensing ; efficiency ; bad breath ; electrospray ; array optimization ; low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) ; electronic nose ; UV irradiation ; core/shell nanostructure ; combinatorial and high-throughput technique ; sensitive material ; hydrogen sulfide ; CO detection ; ZnO ; amperometric ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Photoacoustic (or optoacoustic) imaging, including photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), is an emerging imaging modality with great clinical potential. PAI’s deep tissue penetration and fine spatial resolution also hold great promise for visualizing physiology and pathology at the molecular level. PAI combines optical contrast with ultrasonic resolution, and is capable of imaging at depths of up to 7 cm with a real-time scalable spatial resolution of 10 to 500 µm. PAI has demonstrated applications in brain imaging and cancer imaging, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer etc. This Special Issue focuses on the novel technological developments and pre-clinical and clinical biomedical applications of PAI. Topics include but are not limited to: brain imaging; cancer imaging; image reconstruction; quantitative imaging; light source and delivery for PAI; photoacoustic detectors; nanoparticles designed for PAI; photoacoustic molecular imaging; photoacoustic spectroscopy.
    Keywords: photoacoustic imaging ; tomography ; thermoacoustic ; radio frequency ; image quality assessment ; image formation theory ; image reconstruction techniques ; sparsity ; signal processing ; deconvolution ; empirical mode decomposition ; signal deconvolution ; photoacoustics ; tissue characterization ; absorption ; Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) ; ring array ; fast imaging ; low cost ; photoacoustic tomography ; full-field detection ; wave equation ; final time inversion ; uniqueness ; stability ; iterative reconstruction ; 3D photoacoustic tomography ; full-view illumination and ultrasound detection ; photoacoustic coplanar ; quartz bowl ; correlation matrix filter ; time reversal operator ; photo-acoustic tomography ; reflection artifacts ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; time reversal ; Landweber algorithm ; U-net ; optoacoustic imaging ; respiratory gating ; motion artifacts ; full-ring illumination ; diffused-beam illumination ; point source illumination ; ultrasound tomography (UST) ; photoacoustic tomography (PAT) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Research on radiation-tolerant electronics has increased rapidly over the past few years, resulting in many interesting approaches to modeling radiation effects and designing radiation-hardened integrated circuits and embedded systems. This research is strongly driven by the growing need for radiation-hardened electronics for space applications, high-energy physics experiments such as those on the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, and many terrestrial nuclear applications including nuclear energy and nuclear safety. With the progressive scaling of integrated circuit technologies and the growing complexity of electronic systems, their susceptibility to ionizing radiation has raised many exciting challenges, which are expected to drive research in the coming decade. In this book we highlight recent breakthroughs in the study of radiation effects in advanced semiconductor devices, as well as in high-performance analog, mixed signal, RF, and digital integrated circuits. We also focus on advances in embedded radiation hardening in both FPGA and microcontroller systems and apply radiation-hardened embedded systems for cryptography and image processing, targeting space applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TK1-9971 ; T1-995 ; single event effects ; n/a ; radiation-hardening-by-design (RHBD) ; frequency divider by two ; single event upset ; Image processing ; CMOS analog integrated circuits ; FPGA ; total ionizing dose (TID) ; Impulse Sensitive Function ; soft error ; hardening by design ; radiation hardening by design ; X-rays ; Single-Event Upsets (SEUs) ; line buffer ; heavy ions ; VHDL ; FPGA-based digital controller ; radiation hardening by design (RHBD) ; radiation hardening ; SRAM-based FPGA ; proton irradiation ; ring oscillator ; sensor readout IC ; fault tolerance ; space application ; physical unclonable function ; voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) ; Ring Oscillators ; analog single-event transient (ASET) ; single event opset (SEU) ; SEB ; single event upsets ; bipolar transistor ; total ionizing dose ; protons ; triple modular redundancy (TMR) ; gain degradation ; space electronics ; saturation effect ; configuration memory ; Co-60 gamma radiation ; total ionization dose (TID) ; frequency synthesizers ; CMOS ; PLL ; TDC ; single-event upsets (SEUs) ; bandgap voltage reference (BGR) ; 4MR ; single-shot ; error rates ; Radiation Hardening by Design ; soft errors ; heavy-ions ; single-event effects (SEE) ; single event transient (SET) ; SEE testing ; proton irradiation effects ; RFIC ; single event upset (SEU) ; FMR ; ionization ; radiation tolerant ; triplex–duplex ; neutron irradiation effects ; digital integrated circuits ; single event gate rupture (SEGR) ; power MOSFETs ; ring-oscillator ; selective hardening ; voltage reference ; nuclear fusion ; TMR ; gamma-rays ; gamma ray ; instrumentation amplifier ; radiation effects ; reference circuits ; radiation-hardened ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mobile robotics is a challenging field with great potential. It covers disciplines including electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, cognitive science, and social science. It is essential to the design of automated robots, in combination with artificial intelligence, vision, and sensor technologies. Mobile robots are widely used for surveillance, guidance, transportation and entertainment tasks, as well as medical applications. This Special Issue intends to concentrate on recent developments concerning mobile robots and the research surrounding them to enhance studies on the fundamental problems observed in the robots. Various multidisciplinary approaches and integrative contributions including navigation, learning and adaptation, networked system, biologically inspired robots and cognitive methods are welcome contributions to this Special Issue, both from a research and an application perspective.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; similarity measure ; swarm-robotics ; drag-based system ; PID algorithm ; human–robot interaction ; behaviour dynamics ; state constraints ; fair optimisation ; micro mobile robot ; robot ; actuators ; high-gain observer ; turning model LIP ; space robot ; manipulation action sequences ; subgoal graphs ; remotely operated vehicle ; constrained motion ; joint limit avoidance ; curvilinear obstacle ; rehabilitation system ; stability criterion ; system design ; quad-tilt rotor ; iterative learning ; spiral curve ; cable detection ; SEA ; douglas–peuker polygonal approximation ; predictable trajectory planning ; ATEX ; obstacle avoidance system ; kinematic singularity ; collision avoidance ; biologically-inspired ; jumping robot ; differential wheeled robot ; design and modeling ; control efficacy ; robotics ; extremum-seeking ; object-oriented ; non-holonomic mobile robot ; magneto-rheological fluids ; rendezvous consensus ; altitude controller ; master-slave ; switching control ; deep reinforcement learning ; mechanism ; expansion logic strategy ; negative buoyancy ; action generation ; radial basis function neural networks ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; extend procedure ; glass façade cleaning robot ; convolutional neural network ; climbing robot ; micro air vehicle ; car-like kinematics ; variable speed ; machine learning ; dynamical model ; transportation ; geodesic ; unmanned surface vessel ; medical devices ; stopper ; extended state observer (ESO) ; high efficiency ; object mapping ; multi-objective optimization ; hybrid robot ; robot learning ; auto-tuning ; cable disturbance modeling ; manipulation planning ; pesticide application ; high-speed target ; sparse pose adjustment (SPA) ; service robot ; lumped parameter method ; Geometric Algebra ; dynamic coupling analysis ; Thau observer ; tri-tilt-rotor ; industrial robotic manipulator ; hardware-in-the-loop simulation ; robotic drilling ; muscle activities ; small size ; chameleon ; continuous hopping ; wall climbing robot ; hover mode ; 3D-SLAM ; curvature constraints ; PSO ; drilling end-effector ; Rodrigues parameters ; gait adaptation ; static environments ; position/force cooperative control ; snake-like robot ; shape-fitting ; powered exoskeleton ; input saturation ; kinematic identification ; methane ; human–machine interactive navigation ; q-learning ; path following ; hopping robot ; mobile manipulation ; high step-up ratio ; actuatorless ; monocular vision ; stability analysis ; compact driving unit ; snake robot ; non-holonomic robot ; curvature constraint ; phase-shifting ; dialytic elimination ; gesture recognition ; snake robots ; series elastic actuator ; flapping ; servo valve ; motion camouflage control ; biomimetic robot ; minimally invasive surgery robot ; centralized architecture ; trajectory planning ; computing time ; adaptive control law ; kinematics ; facial and gender recognition ; single actuator ; victim-detection ; shape memory alloys ; undiscovered sensor values ; discomfort ; Differential Evolution ; numerical evaluation ; quadruped robot ; coverage path planning ; localization ; MPC ; n/a ; fault diagnosis ; neural networks ; disturbance-rejection control ; sample gathering problem ; cart ; bio-inspired robot ; opposite angle-based exact cell decomposition ; optimization ; safety ; goal exchange ; hierarchical planning ; ocean current ; robot motion ; nonlinear differentiator ; mapping ; finite-time currents observer ; Newton iteration ; inverse kinematics ; deposition uniformity ; spatial pyramid pooling ; hierarchical path planning ; end effector ; head-raising ; fault recovery ; LOS ; path tracking ; non-inertial reference frame ; step climbing ; obstacle avoidance ; sliding mode control ; symmetrical adaptive variable impedance ; lane change ; quadcopter UAV ; singularity analysis ; biped mechanism ; fault-tolerant control ; dynamic neural networks ; mobile robots ; data association ; UAV ; enemy avoidance ; reinforcement learning ; grip optimization ; safety recovery mechanism ; exoskeleton ; dynamic environment ; uncertain environments ; hybrid bionic robot ; potential field ; robot navigation ; cleaning robot ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; non-singular fast-terminal sliding-mode control ; contact planning ; Lyapunov-like function ; piezoelectric actuator ; transition mode ; non-prehensile manipulation ; multiple mobile robots ; Tetris-inspired ; real-time action recognition ; integral line-of-sight ; topological map ; alpine ski ; target tracking ; closed-loop detection ; working efficiency ; mathematical modeling ; curve fitting ; force control ; biped robots ; NSGA-II ; mobile robot ; load carriage ; prescription map translation ; artificial fish swarm algorithm ; Q-networks ; self-reconfigurable robot ; G3-continuity ; autonomous vehicle ; loop closure detection ; excellent driver model ; robots ; graph representation ; regional growth ; target assignment ; evolutionary operators ; intelligent mobile robot ; motion sensor ; exploration ; droplets penetrability ; dynamic uncertainty ; simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) ; area decomposition ; multi-criteria decision making ; 4WS4WD vehicle ; biped climbing robots ; skiing robot ; ROS ; decision making ; smart materials ; centrifugal force ; missile control system ; formation of robots ; electro-rheological fluids ; pneumatics ; variable spray ; inertial measurement unit (IMU) ; Robot Operating System ; trajectory interpolation ; formation control ; immersion and invariance ; dragonfly ; parallel navigation ; harmonic potential field ; pallet transportation ; mobile robot navigation ; negative-buoyancy ; grip planning ; manipulator ; position control ; external disturbance ; legged robot ; passive skiing turn ; autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) ; gait cycle ; path planning ; sliding mode observer ; dynamic gait ; self-learning ; polyomino tiling theory ; coalmine ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Robotics and control are both research and application domains that have been frequently engineered through the use of interdisciplinary approaches like cybernetics. Cognition is a particular concept of this approach, abstracted from the context of living organisms to that of artificial devices, and is concerned with knowledge acquisition and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. Cognitive robotics and control refer to knowledge processing as much as knowledge generation from problem understanding, leading to special forms of architectures that enable systems to behave in an autonomous way. The main aim of this book is to highlight emerging applications and address recent breakthroughs in the domain of cognitive robotics and control and related areas. Procedures, algorithms, architectures, and implementations for reasoning, problem solving, or decision making are considered in the domain of robotics and control.
    Keywords: initial trajectory ; trajectory optimization ; Bézier surface ; robotics ; open FPGAs ; robot control ; surgical robotics ; human–machine interaction ; autonomous guidance ; low-cost platform ; FPGA ; S-curve ; motion control ; SoC ; telemanipulation ; haptics ; machine learning ; gesture recognition ; upper limb rehabilitation robot ; particle swam optimization (PSO) ; artificial bee colony (ABC) ; Ziegler Nichols ; Maximum sensitivity ; ontology ; robot task planning ; knowledge base ; knowledge representation ; industrial collaborative robots ; shared robotic tasks ; physical human–robot interaction ; human intention recognition ; time series classification ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Energy systems worldwide are undergoing major transformation as a consequence of the transition towards the widespread use of clean and sustainable energy sources. Basically, this involves massive changes in technical and organizational levels together with tremendous technological upgrades in different sectors ranging from energy generation and transmission systems down to distribution systems. These actions generate huge science and engineering challenges and demands for expert knowledge in the field to create solutions for a sustainable energy system that is economically, environmentally, and socially viable while meeting high security requirements. This book covers these promising and dynamic areas of research and development, and presents contributions in sustainable energy systems planning, integration, and management. Moreover, the book elaborates on a variety of topics, ranging from design and planning of small- to large-scale energy systems to the operation and control of energy networks in different sectors, namely electricity, heat, ?and transport.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; Romanian coastal environment ; neural networks ; intermittent heating ; wind velocities ; time-space network ; optimal chiller loading (OCL) ; renewable energy ; pure electric buses ; mixed-integer non-linear programming problem (MINLP) ; control system ; FANP ; energy consumption ; load regulation ; energy ; smart box ; novel method ; smart logistics system ; multiple uncertainties ; non-intrusive load monitoring ; wind speed forecasting ; solid waste to energy plant ; uncertain cooling demand ; dual robust optimization ; Black Sea ; field test and numerical simulation ; electric power ; sustainable development ; multi-type bus operating organization ; cuckoo search algorithm ; vehicular emissions ; SWAN ; public transport ; product quality model ; MCDM ; TOPSIS ; heat transfer ; solar energy ; forecasting validity ; information gap decision theory (IGDT) ; photovoltaic systems ; configurations of internal wall ; ensemble empirical mode decomposition ; agricultural pruning ; hot summer and cold winter climate zone ; energy and environmental systems ; feature extraction ; information platform ; pruning biomass ; smart grid ; product usability testing ; meteorological variables ; fuzzy logic ; performance evaluation ; rural residential building ; threshold value of daily operation hours ; datacenter ; wave energy ; thermal comfort ; heat storage and release ; resampling ; risk aversion ; environment ; support vector machine ; internal coverings ; numerical models ; gradient descent ; renewable biomass energy ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: By the late 1940s, and since then, the continuous development of dislocation theories have provided the basis for correlating the macroscopic time-dependent deformation of metals and alloys—known as creep—to the time-dependent processes taking place within the metals and alloys. High-temperature deformation and stress relaxation effects have also been explained and modeled on similar bases. The knowledge of high-temperature deformation as well as its modeling in conventional or unconventional situations is becoming clearer year by year, with new contemporary and better performing high-temperature materials being constantly produced and investigated.This book includes recent contributions covering relevant topics and materials in the field in an innovative way. In the first section, contributions are related to the general description of creep deformation, damage, and ductility, while in the second section, innovative testing techniques of creep deformation are presented. The third section deals with creep in the presence of complex loading/temperature changes and environmental effects, while the last section focuses on material microstructure–creep correlations for specific material classes. The quality and potential of specific materials and microstructures, testing conditions, and modeling as addressed by specific contributions will surely inspire scientists and technicians in their own innovative approaches and studies on creep and high-temperature deformation.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; Larson–Miller parameter ; n/a ; visualization ; bond coat ; hydrogen ; poly-crystal ; Gibbs free energy principle ; constitutive equations ; creep damage ; DFT ; finite element method ; austenitic stainless steel ; strain rate sensitivity ; MCrAlY ; excess volume ; superalloy ; scanning electron microscopy ; creep buckling ; dislocation dynamics ; creep ; elevated temperature ; modelling ; size effect ; residual stress ; superalloy VAT 32 ; water vapor ; activation energy ; small angle neutron scattering ; superalloy VAT 36 ; metallic glass ; iron aluminides ; Gr.91 ; internal stress ; relaxation fatigue ; multiaxiality ; creep grain boundary ; grain boundary cavitation ; cavitation ; solute atom ; stress exponent ; external pressure ; P92 ; TMA ; low cycle fatigue ; nanoindentation ; high temperature ; FEM ; intrinsic ductility ; normalizing ; creep ductility ; creep rupture mechanism ; microstructural features ; simulate HAZ ; P92 steel ; glide ; ferritic–martensitic steel ; creep rupture ; cyclic softening ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents an interesting sample of the latest advances in optimization techniques applied to electrical power engineering. It covers a variety of topics from various fields, ranging from classical optimization such as Linear and Nonlinear Programming and Integer and Mixed-Integer Programming to the most modern methods based on bio-inspired metaheuristics. The featured papers invite readers to delve further into emerging optimization techniques and their real application to case studies such as conventional and renewable energy generation, distributed generation, transport and distribution of electrical energy, electrical machines and power electronics, network optimization, intelligent systems, advances in electric mobility, etc.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; Stackelberg game ; MILP ; optimal congestion threshold ; magnetic field mitigation ; simulation ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization ; virtual power plant ; internal defect ; day-ahead load forecasting ; neural network ; modular predictor ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm ; stochastic optimization ; dragonfly algorithm ; unit commitment ; metaheuristic ; multi-population method (MP) ; optimization ; tabu search ; considerable decomposition ; loss minimization ; active distribution system ; islanded microgrid ; dynamic solving framework ; feature selection ; electric energy costs ; power factor compensation ; dependability ; interactive load ; overhead ; energy internet ; evolutionary computation ; wind power ; developed grew wolf optimizer ; underground ; ETAP ; fuzzy algorithm ; electric vehicles ; Schwarz’s equation ; evolutionary algorithms ; electric power contracts ; congestion management ; optimizing-scenarios method ; building energy management system ; particle encoding method ; ringdown detection ; HOMER software ; DC optimal power flow ; prosumer ; constrained parameter estimation ; distributed generations (DGs) ; strong track filter (STF) ; transient stability ; calibration ; cost minimization ; radiance ; decentralized and collaborative optimization ; hybrid renewable energy system ; renewable energy sources ; rural electrification ; distribution network reconfiguration ; interval variables ; optimization methods ; particle swarm optimization ; hierarchical scheduling ; micro grid ; AC/DC hybrid active distribution ; consensus ; artificial bee colony ; CCHP system ; data center ; support vector machine ; affinity propagation clustering ; extended Kalman filter ; affine arithmetic ; linear discriminant analysis (LDA) ; current margins ; heterogeneous networks ; Cameroon ; hybrid method ; distributed heat-electricity energy management ; discrete wind driven optimization ; fitness function ; cross-entropy ; GenOpt ; wind energy ; demand uncertainty ; UC ; off-design performance ; genetic algorithm ; energy storage ; the biomimetic membrane computing ; power system optimization ; electric vehicle ; power architectures ; economic load dispatch problem (ELD) ; runner-root algorithm (RRA) ; Cable joint ; battery energy storage system ; load curtailment ; integration assessment ; power system unit commitment ; artificial lighting ; power flow ; hybrid membrane computing ; two-point estimation method ; low-voltage networks ; demand bidding ; non-sinusoidal circuits ; energy flow model ; power transfer distribution factors ; sustainability ; HVAC system ; voltage deviation ; street light points ; radial basis function ; energy storage system ; charging/discharging ; power systems ; intelligent scatter search ; MV/LV substation ; optimal power flow ; stochastic state estimation ; eight searching sub-regions ; chaos optimization algorithm (COA) ; mutual information theory ; inter-turn shorted-circuit fault (ISCF) ; C&I particle swarm optimization ; multiobjective optimization ; passive shielding ; sub-Saharan Africa ; micro-phasor measurement unit ; geometric algebra ; bio-inspired algorithms ; adaptive consensus algorithm ; energy management ; PCS efficiency ; multi-stakeholders ; generalized generation distribution factors ; the genetic algorithm based P system ; JAYA algorithm ; thermal probability density ; power optimization ; pumped-hydro energy storage ; smart grid ; two-stage feature selection ; piecewise linear techniques ; photovoltaic ; SOCP relaxations ; switched reluctance machine (SRM) ; optimal reactive power dispatch ; optimal operation ; controllable response ; off-grid ; active shielding ; transformer-fault diagnosis ; IEEE Std. 80-2000 ; principal component analysis ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue, “Architectural Structure,” aims to gather general advances in human-made constructions which simultaneously are driven by aesthetic and structural engineering considerations. This Special Issue brings together twelve contributions covering the following topics: analysis of architectural typologies; the study of the mechanical performance of structural materials, structural systems and components; and the proposal of techniques to evaluate the mechanical performance in existing structures and new construction techniques.
    Keywords: recycled aggregate concrete ; block masonry ; compressive strength ; carbon emission ; stress–strain curves ; outrigger wall ; multiple openings ; deep beam ; stiffness ; shear strength ; tall building ; inverted multi tee ; prestressed concrete ; precast concrete ; structural performance ; flexural analysis ; self-compacting concrete ; non-destructive test methods ; ultrasonic pulse velocity test ; surface hardness test ; pull-out test ; maturity test ; within-test variability ; normal vibrated concrete ; concrete structures ; beams &amp ; girders ; torsion ; high-strength concrete ; prestressing ; traditional slabs ; ceramic-reinforced slabs ; shear response ; cyclic loading ; natural fiber-reinforced polymers ; NFRP ; computational design ; tailored fiber placement ; coreless filament winding ; rapid prototyping ; industry 4.0 ; lightweight structure ; Geopolymer ; Alkali activated ; tensile strength ; deformability ; experimental study ; analytical model ; reinforced concrete ; beams ; fly ash alkali activated ; bending ; thin-walled I-section ; continuous beam ; local buckling ; longitudinal stress variation ; design ultimate resistance of the cross-section ; Rudolf Steiner ; anthroposophy ; architecture ; Goetheanum ; double-steel-concrete composite shear walls ; axial and bending capacity ; failure characteristic ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: As computer and space technologies have been developed, geoscience information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technologies, which deal with the geospatial information, have been rapidly maturing. Moreover, over the last few decades, machine learning techniques including artificial neural network (ANN), deep learning, decision tree, and support vector machine (SVM) have been successfully applied to geospatial science and engineering research fields. The machine learning techniques have been widely applied to GIS and RS research fields and have recently produced valuable results in the areas of geoscience, environment, natural hazards, and natural resources. This book is a collection representing novel contributions detailing machine learning techniques as applied to geoscience information systems and remote sensing.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; sport games ; compensatory eating ; breath test ; exercise-induced anorexia ; Fitbit ; nutrition education ; senescence ; body weight ; sport nutrition ; fitness ; long-term follow-up ; self-efficacy ; protein ; food consumption ; cytokines ; physical exercise ; cardiometabolic health ; mediation analyses ; obesity ; food choice ; telomere length ; sporting events ; carbohydrates ; free radicals ; marathon ; adolescents ; movement skills ; naturally enriched 13C-milk proteins ; behavioral intervention ; acute exercise ; skeletal muscle damage ; Protein ; TERRA ; nutrition ; telemonitoring ; Latino ; adolescent ; macronutrients ; metabolism ; mechanisms of impact ; anabolic competence ; endurance exercise ; food healthiness ; exercise ; health promotion ; behavioral economics ; immunity ; stunting ; lifestyle intervention ; running ; telomerase ; dietary intake ; inflammation ; vegetarian ; recreational athlete ; physical performance ; out-of-home eating ; diet ; overweight ; dietary restriction ; soccer ; dual burden of malnutrition ; protein shake ; childhood memories ; chronic diseases ; music events ; oxidation ; added sugar ; lifestyle change ; vegan ; nudges ; food ; physical activity ; half-marathon ; health conscious ; free or reduced lunch ; low-income ; diet quality ; National School Lunch Program ; older adults ; aging ; sport spectators ; chronic low-grade systemic inflammation ; sport ; food intake ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Steel has become the most requested material all over the world during the rapid technological evolution of recent centuries. As our civilization grows and its technological development becomes connected with more demanding processes, it is more and more challenging to fit the required physical and mechanical properties for steel in its huge portfolio of grades for each steel producer. It is necessary to improve the refining and casting processes continuously to meet customer requirements and to lower the production costs to remain competitive. New challenges related to both the precise design of steel properties and reduction in production costs are combined with paying special attention to environmental protection. These contradictory demands are the theme of this book.
    Keywords: oxygen converter slag ; chemical composition of slag ; structural composition of slag ; continuous casting ; tundish ; residence time ; transient casting ; swirling flow tundish ; SEN immersion depth ; multiphase flow ; heat transfer ; continuous casting mold ; computional fluid dynamiscs (CFD) ; fuzzy logic ; optimal cooling ; steel quality prediction ; deoxidation ; inclusions ; thermodynamics ; Ti-bearing steel ; Ca treatment ; dephosphorization ; EAF ; BOF ; phosphorus equilibrium ; wide-thick slab ; non-uniform solidification ; heavy reduction ; porosity ; deformation ; ladle stirring ; turbulence ; slag ; interface ; refining ; mixing time ; slag opening ; pipeline steel ; cooling rate ; composition ; Al-TRIP steel ; slag-steel reaction ; crystalline morphology ; equilibrium model ; CALPHAD ; thermodynamic model ; rare earth ; numerical simulation ; C80D steel ; transverse water flux distribution ; solidification structure ; reoxidation ; tundish cover flux ; Cr2O3 ; decomposition reaction ; RH degasser ; physical Simulation ; mixing Time ; PIV ; flow field ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) has become one of the most widespread technologies for spatial light modulation in optics and photonics applications. These reflective microdisplays are composed of a high-performance silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) backplane, which controls the light-modulating properties of the liquid crystal layer. State-of-the-art LCoS microdisplays may exhibit a very small pixel pitch (below 4 ?m), a very large number of pixels (resolutions larger than 4K), and high fill factors (larger than 90%). They modulate illumination sources covering the UV, visible, and far IR. LCoS are used not only as displays but also as polarization, amplitude, and phase-only spatial light modulators, where they achieve full phase modulation. Due to their excellent modulating properties and high degree of flexibility, they are found in all sorts of spatial light modulation applications, such as in LCOS-based display systems for augmented and virtual reality, true holographic displays, digital holography, diffractive optical elements, superresolution optical systems, beam-steering devices, holographic optical traps, and quantum optical computing. In order to fulfil the requirements in this extensive range of applications, specific models and characterization techniques are proposed. These devices may exhibit a number of degradation effects such as interpixel cross-talk and fringing field, and time flicker, which may also depend on the analog or digital backplane of the corresponding LCoS device. The use of appropriate characterization and compensation techniques is then necessary.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; aberration compensation ; holographic and volume memories ; achromatic lens ; head-up displays ; phase characterization ; holographic display ; spatial resolution ; spatial light modulator ; zoom lens ; soliton ; transmission matrix ; head-mounted displays ; diffraction ; parallel-aligned ; liquid-crystal on silicon ; phase measurement ; multimode fiber ; digital holography ; chromatic aberration ; multiorder diffractive lens ; holography ; phase accuracy ; interference ; computer generated hologram ; optical manipulation ; speckle suppression ; phase modulation ; transparent mode ; light scattering ; ferroelectric ; phase change ; liquid-crystal-on-silicon ; imaging systems ; Liquid Crystal on Silicon display ; diffractive optical element ; liquid crystals ; spatially anamorphic phenomenon ; calibration ; head-up display ; helix-free ; phase precision and stability ; kinoform ; spatial light modulators ; photopolymer ; diffractive optics ; mode division multiplexing ; liquid crystal on silicon device ; augmented reality displays ; holographic data storage ; liquid crystal spatial light modulator ; harmonic lens ; fringing field effect ; liquid crystal ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The extraction of apatite minerals is becoming more and more crucial with the depletion of high-grade ores. At the same time, many streams of waste are continuously being produced by the phosphate industry, including calcareous and siliceous waste rocks, clayey sludge and phosphogypsum. These waste products are produced in huge volumes reaching a ratio of between 5 to 10 tons of waste per each ton of concentrated phosphate. The management of these waste products is becoming a real issue in terms of growing public awareness and environmental and financial aspects. In addition, phosphate ores are known to contain other critical raw materials (CRM) such as rare earth elements and uranium. The recovery of these vital elements from phosphate waste may help to develop the needs of the green energy of the future and contribute to the achievement of the sustainable development goals. In this Special Issue, insights related to the following aspects were studied: phosphate extraction and beneficiation, novel phosphate ores, the fine characterization of phosphate ores and waste, phosphoric acid production, critical raw material (CRM) recovery from phosphate ores and waste, reprocessing of phosphate wastes and finally the valorization and reuse of phosphate waste and phosphogypsum.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; n/a ; valorization ; ceramic membrane ; general industrial solid waste ; cemented paste backfill ; cemented phosphogypsum backfill ; unconfined compressive strength ; mineralogy ; froth flotation ; silicate-carbonate gangue ; geochemical characteristic ; activity concentration ; building materials ; valuable elements ; upgrading ; radiological influence ; durability ; phosphogypsum ; phosphate ore processing ; low-grade phosphate ; industrial waste ; phosphogypsum (PG) ; filtration ; civil engineering ; comprehensive utilization ; phosphorite ; flotation ; REE recovery ; phosphate mine waste rocks ; Gafsa-Metlaoui Basin ; acid extraction ; rare earth elements ; drying-wetting cycles ; column flotation ; slimes ; collector ; phosphate mine tailings ; apatite ; purification ; REE-bearing phases ; weathered ore ; water washing ; depressant ; environment behavior ; experimental design ; interfering ions ; technological mineralogy ; red mud ; rare earth elements (REEs) ; waste management ; phosphate ore ; waste recycle ; natural radioactivity ; natural aggregates ; phosphate ; beneficiation ; beneficiation tailings ; road techniques wet process ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Biomaterials is currently one of the most important fields of study. This is because of the high degree of interdisciplinarity and the many practical solutions it provides in relation to medicine, biology, chemistry, and physics. This Special Issue provides readers with research from the domain of composite biomaterials in different applications, from controlled drug release systems to tissue engineering.
    Keywords: PMMA ; zirconia (ZrO2) ; nanocomposite ; denture base ; flexural strength ; impact strength ; fracture toughness ; hardness ; graphene oxide ; silicone rubber ; composite materials ; antifouling ; harmonic motion ; corn straw ; pretreatment ; dyeing ; chemical structure ; tensile properties ; UV barrier ; water-resistance ; polylactic acid ; hydroxyapatite ; composite films ; industrial bamboo residue ; holocellulose aerogel ; hydrophobicity ; fire resistance ; thermal insulation material ; nucleating agent ; isotactic polypropylene ; transcrystallinity ; natural fibres ; Tencel™ ; membrane ; cellulose ; water purification ; tissue engineering ; magnetic nanoparticles ; composite ; DDS ; hyperthermia ; collagen ; scaffolds ; membranes ; hydrogels ; whey protein fibrils ; carbon nanotubes ; carbon nano-onions ; composites ; interaction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Traditionally fatigue, fracture, damage mechanics are predictions are based on empirical curve fitting models based on experimental data. However, when entropy is used as the metric for degradation of the material, the modeling process becomes physics based rather than empirical modeling. Because, entropy generation in a material can be calculated from the fundamental equation of thematerial. This collection of manuscripts is about using entropy for "Fatigue, Fracture, Failure Prediction and Structural Health Monitoring". The theoretical paper in the collection provides the mathematical and physics framework behind the unified mechanics theory, which unifies universal laws of motion of Newton and laws of thermodynamics at ab-initio level. Unified Mechanics introduces an additional axis called, Thermodynamic State Index axis which is linearly independent from Newtonian space x, y, z and time. As a result, derivative of displacement with respect to entropy is not zero, in unified mechanics theory, as in Newtonian mechanics. Any material is treated as a thermodynamic system and fundamental equation of the material is derived. Fundamental equation defines entropy generation rate in the system. Experimental papers in the collection prove validity of using entropy as a stable metric for Fatigue, Fracture, Failure Prediction and Structural Health Monitoring.
    Keywords: fatigue ; system failure ; degradation analysis ; entropy generation ; stress strain ; plastic strain ; thermodynamics ; health monitoring ; copula entropy ; measure ; dependence ; multiple degradation processes ; physics of failure ; prognosis and health management ; entropy as damage ; acoustic emission ; information entropy ; thermodynamic entropy ; Jeffreys divergence ; MaxEnt distributions ; fatigue damage ; low-cycle fatigue ; satellite ; dynamic health evaluation ; fuzzy reasoning ; entropy increase rate ; creep strain ; damage mechanics ; metallic material ; mechanothermodynamics ; tribo-fatigue entropy ; wear-fatigue damage ; stress-strain state ; limiting state ; damage state ; dangerous volume ; interaction ; irreversible damage ; degradation-entropy generation theorem ; dual-phase steel ; fatigue crack growth rate ; spectrum loading ; entropy ; unified mechanics ; Ti-6Al-4V ; medium entropy alloy ; deformation twinning ; dislocation slip ; surface nano-crystallization ; shot peening ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 33
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Laser welding is a high-energy process used in a wide range of advanced materials to obtain micro- to macro-sized joints in both similar and dissimilar combinations. Moreover, this technique is widely used in several industries, such as automotive, aerospace, and medical industries, as well as in electrical devices. Although laser welding has been used for several decades, significant and exciting innovations often arise from both the process and/or advanced materials side.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; tensile strength ; microstructure ; aided electric current ; stainless steel ; accuracy ; porosity control ; laser offset welding ; T-joint ; BTi-6431S ; dissimilar metal ; finite element method ; weld pool behavior ; dissimilar welding ; WPP ; laser welds ; HLAW ; fiber laser ; steel S700MC ; conduction regime ; liquid metal ; buy-to-fly ; EBSD phase mapping ; mass transfer ; mechanical properties ; hardness ; MAG ; phase transformation ; prediction ; LKW ; Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr ; laser beam ; laser welding-brazing ; DP1000 steel ; Ti–6Al–4V ; titanium ; low alloyed steel ; H-shaped fusion zone ; pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam welding ; spatter ; high-speed imaging ; weld morphology ; high temperature titanium alloy ; Al/steel joints ; hybrid welding ; dissimilar material ; laser beam welding ; intermetallic layer ; WW ; L-joint ; penetration ; laser stake welding ; laser keyhole welding ; trip steel ; finite element analysis ; laser welding ; magnesium alloy thin sheet ; keyhole ; tensile properties ; dissimilar joining ; IMC layers ; SKM ; fiber laser welding ; aluminium ; dual phase steel ; aluminum alloy T-joint ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Wood composites have shown very good performance, and substantial service lives when correctly specified for the exposure risks present. Selection of an appropriate product for the job should be accompanied by decisions about the appropriate protection, whether this is by design, by preservative treatment or by wood modification techniques. This Special Issue, Advances in Wood Composites presents recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart nanomaterials, which have made them a particular area of interest for researchers. In addition, it reviews some important aspects in the field of wood composites, with particular focus on their materials, applications, and engineering and scientific advances, including solutions inspired biomimetrically by the structure of wood and wood composites. This Special Issue, with a collection of 13 original contributions, provides selected examples of recent Advances in Wood Composites
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; shear strength ; n/a ; buckling ; thermal property ; acetic anhydride ; WPC ; silicon carbide ; coating amount ; composite ; polymer-triticale boards ; wood ; activation volume ; oriented strand lumber (OSL) ; bending strength ; nanowollastonite ; VOCs ; wood-inorganic composites ; thermal modification ; wood plastic composite ; crystallinity ; sol-gel process ; wood adhesive ; straw ; mechanical properties ; bamboo ; plastic ; carbothermal reduction ; formaldehyde emissions ; cellulose ; graphene nano-platelets ; creep behavior ; surface properties ; dimensional stability ; nanocompounds ; UF resin ; tunnel-structured ; ceramic ; color ; water absorption ; high-density polyethylene film ; mechanical property ; aquacultural ; HDPE ; biorefinery lignin ; methyl methacrylate ; structural analysis ; sol–gel process ; polyurethane-acrylate ; mechanical and physical properties ; water-based UV curing coating ; oak (Quercus alba L.) ; dynamic thermodynamic ; stepped isostress method ; thermoplastic polymers ; sustainable adhesives ; finite element analysis ; rapid formaldehyde release ; adhesive penetration ; modulus of elasticity in bending ; Southwell’s method ; hydrophobicity ; Abaqus ; sepiolite ; chemical structure ; alder plywood ; wood panels ; particleboard properties ; chemical modification ; thickness swelling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The use of renewable energy is an effective solution for the prevention of global warming. On the other hand, environmental plasmas are one of powerful means to solve global environmental problems on nitrogen oxides, (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and carbon dioxides (CO2) in the atmosphere. By combining both technologies, we can develop an extremely effective environmental improvement technology. Based on this background, a Special Issue of the journal Energies on plasma processes for renewable energy technologies is planned. On the issue, we focus on environment plasma technologies that can effectively utilize renewable electric energy sources, such as photovoltaic power generation, biofuel power generation, wind turbine power generation, etc. However, any latest research results on plasma environmental improvement processes are welcome for submission. We are looking, among others, for papers on the following technical subjects in which either plasma can use renewable energy sources or can be used for renewable energy technologies: Plasma decomposition technology of harmful gases, such as the plasma denitrification method; Plasma removal technology of harmful particles, such as electrostatic precipitation; Plasma decomposition technology of harmful substances in liquid, such as gas–liquid interfacial plasma; Plasma-enhanced flow induction and heat transfer enhancement technologies, such as ionic wind device and plasma actuator; Plasma-enhanced combustion and fuel reforming; Other environment plasma technologies.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; wet scrubber ; thermal switch ; n/a ; blade-barrier electrode ; NOx reduction ; woodceramics ; syngas ; re-entrainment phenomena ; agglomeration ; two-stage AC-AC converter ; low-resistivity particle ; PFC ; sodium sulfide ; NOx ; energy efficiency ; marine diesel engine ; combustor ; semiconductor manufacturing ; corona discharge ; thermal arc plasma ; nonthermal plasma ; ignition ; input-parallel and output-series connected inverter ; thermal management ; gas turbine ; ionic wind ; waste cooking oil ; diesel engine ; nanoparticle ; plasma generator ; waste heat ; high-frequency DC-AC inverter ; electrostatic precipitator ; water vapor ; gasification ; ion-induced nucleation ; aftertreatment ; plasma ; collection efficiency ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Phages have shown a high biotechnological potential with numerous applications. The advent of high-resolution microscopy techniques aligned with omic and molecular tools have revealed innovative phage features and enabled new processes that can be further exploited for biotechnological applications in a wide variety of fields. The high-quality original articles and reviews presented in this Special Issue demonstrate the incredible potential of phages and their derived proteins in a wide range of biotechnological applications for human benefit. Considering the emergence of amazing new available bioengineering tools and the high abundance of phages and the multitude of phage proteins yet to be discovered and studied, we believe that the upcoming years will present us with many more fascinating and new previously unimagined phage-based biotechnological applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; toxicity ; encapsulation ; n/a ; cancerous tumors ; bacteriophage-derived lytic enzyme ; native gel electrophoresis ; bacteriophages ; Cpl-1 ; O-antigen ; ESKAPE ; Clostridium perfringens ; X-ray crystallography ; macromolecular interactions ; safety ; biofilm ; major coat protein ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Staphylococcus aureus ; tail sheath protein ; magnetic separation ; serotyping ; pathogenic viruses ; liposomes ; tuberculosis ; Listeria monocytogenes ; nanotubular structures ; alpha-sheet ; biosensors ; sarcoidosis ; tailspike proteins ; M13 bacteriophage ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; gene expression regulation ; bacteriophage recombination ; self-assembly ; phage therapy ; R-type pyocin ; contractile injection systems ; bacteriophage vB_EcoM_FV3 ; microtiter plate assay ; Enterococcus faecalis ; culture enrichment ; drug delivery vehicles ; neurodegenerative disease ; landscape phage ; niosomes ; bacteriophage ; Myoviridae ; bacteriophage evolution ; porous structure ; phage-host interaction ; phage display ; immune response ; antibiotic resistance ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; phage ; bacteriocin ; Appelmans ; fluorescence sensor ; molecular probe ; nanomedicine ; Shigella flexneri ; reporter phage ; filters ; in vitro activity ; capsid dynamics ; immunoscreening ; diagnostics ; microarray ; receptor-binding protein ; endolysin ; enzybiotics ; transfersomes ; T7phage library ; Pal ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 37
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Nano/micro-size particles are widely applied in various fields. Among the various particles, silver particles are considered among the most prominent nanomaterials in the biomedical and industrial sectors because of their favorable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Thus, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate their properties and utilize them in various applications, such as diagnostics, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer therapeutics, and optoelectronics. The properties of silver particles are strongly influenced by their size, morphological shape, and surface characteristics, which can be modified by diverse synthetic methods, reducing agents, and stabilizers. This Special Issue provides a range of original contributions detailing the synthesis, modification, properties, and applications of silver materials. Nine outstanding papers describing examples of the most recent advances in silver nano/microparticles are included. Silver nano/micro-size particles have many potential advantages as next-generation materials in various areas, including nanomedicine. This Special Issue might be helpful to understand the value of silver particles in the biomedical and industrial fields
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; membrane ; bacteria ; cyclodextrin ; silver nanomaterial ; drug delivery ; transparent conductive film ; cytocompatibility ; surface free energy ; administration route ; sericin ; biosensor ; uptake ; substrate modification ; silver ion ; AgNPs ; mechanical properties ; cell culture ; titanium alloy ; Au–Ag alloy ; silver shell ; moderate sintering ; wound dressing ; polymer nanocomposite ; DNA damage ; surface morphology ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; flexible and printed electronics ; plants ; reactive oxygen species ; mechanism ; optoelectronics ; cytotoxicity ; photonic sintering ; synthesis ; silver nanoparticle ; doxorubicin (DOX) ; food packaging ; SERS detection ; nanomedicine ; antimicrobial activity ; nanogaps ; TNFR1 ; silica template ; silver ions release ; diagnostics ; phytotoxicity ; polydopamine ; silver nanoparticles ; tumor necrosis factor ; protective agent ; characterization ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In response to the demanding requirements of different sectors, such as construction, transportation, energy, manufacturing, and mining, new generations of microalloyed steels are being developed and brought to market. The addition of microalloying elements, such as niobium, vanadium, titanium, boron, and/or molybdenum, has become a key tool in the steel industry to reach economically-viable grades with increasingly higher mechanical strength, toughness, good formability, and weldable products. The challenges that microalloying steel production faces can be solved with a deeper understanding of the effects that these microalloying additions and combinations of them have during the different steps of the steelmaking process.
    Keywords: niobium microalloyed steel ; as-cast condition ; inclusion ; rare earth elements ; precipitation. ; steel ; thermomechanical processing ; microstructure characterisation ; mechanical properties ; molybdenum ; martensitic steel ; direct quenching ; microalloying ; hardenability ; toughness ; grain refinement ; Hall–Petch coefficient ; microalloy precipitates ; hydrogen embrittlement ; Ti-Mo steel ; hot deformation ; constitutive model ; microstructural evolution ; microalloyed steels ; processing ; microstructural and chemical composition ; micro-alloyed steels ; precipitations ; Zener pinning ; atomic force microscopy (AFM) ; precipitation-microstructure correlation ; EBSD ; reconstruction methods ; continuous casting ; energy absorption ; mechanical metallurgy ; niobium ; reheat process ; thermo-mechanical controlled processing ; plate rolling ; strengthening ; precipitation ; induction ; titanium ; advanced high strength steels ; HSLA steels ; precipitation strengthening ; tempering ; bainitic ferrite ; austenite-to-ferrite transformation ; hot-torsion test ; coiling simulation ; medium-carbon steel ; strength and toughness ; austenite ; abnormal grain growth ; cold-deformation ; precipitate ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 39
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Adequate quality of life and well-being of modern societies is only achievable with sustainable manufacturing processes that efficiently use raw materials, eliminate waste, and avoid the use of hazardous materials. All this is hardly conceivable without catalysis. In a world concerned with the exploitation of natural resources, catalysis can offer direct synthesis routes that maximize resource efficiency. The Iberoamerican society is far too significant and far too involved in global development, owing to its natural richness of resources, not to have an essential role in current developments and future directions. Catalysis, in the Iberoamerican academic and industrial communities, is recognized as a relevant scientific discipline that supports several strategic industrial sectors through the manufacturing of products and materials, and the operationalization of processes to produce energy and other utilities. As a reflection of this, once every two years the Iberoamerican Congress on Catalysis takes place to share and discuss the state-of-the-art of this discipline with the Federation of Iberoamerican Catalysis Societies. This book collected sixteen outstanding contributions, stemming from this exceptional event—one which will undoubtedly mark a turning point and could be a source of inspiration to all those involved in catalysis, particularly the young generation of competent researchers taking their first steps in this incredibly complex and beautiful discipline.
    Keywords: hydrodeoxygenation ; fast-pyrolysis bio-oil ; nickel catalyst ; upgrading ; peptide bond ; phthalonitriles ; phthalocyanines ; aminocarbonylation ; palladium catalysts ; castor oil ; biofuel ; selective transesterification ; ecodiesel ; biodiesel ; diesel engine ; electricity generator ; smoke opacity ; Bacharach opacity ; aldol condensation ; biomass valorization ; Mg/Al mixed oxides ; surfactant ; microwaves ; influence of water ; FAEEs ; mixed biocatalysts ; lipases ; microalgae ; silver nanoparticles ; zirconia ; hydrocarbons ; diesel soot ; catalytic combustion ; boronic esters ; borylation ; Suzuki–Miyaura ; layered double hydroxides ; copper ; palladium ; Fe/Nb2O5 immobilized catalyst ; emerging pollutants ; degradation ; hydrodesulfurization ; CoMo/Al2O3 ; basic additive ; lanthanum ; MCM-41 ; cerium ; benzyl alcohol ; oxidation ; benzaldehyde ; etherification ; glycerol ; tert-butyl alcohol ; dibutyl ether ; A-15 ; catalyst stability ; Cobalt ferrite ; ethylesters ; biofuels ; hydrotalcite ; transesterification ; fast pyrolysis ; SAPO-5 ; Al-MCM-41 ; dodecanoic acid ; photocatalysis ; Mg/Fe layered double hydroxides ; coprecipitation ; chlorophenols ; mixed oxides ; elimination ; phenol ; Al2O3-TiO2 ; CoMo ; CoMoS ; MoS2 ; desulfurization ; chemisorption ; MPI silica ; Ag nanoparticles ; XPS assessment ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue comprises 9 research papers on the application of microwaves in chemical engineering, covering the basic research into the optimization design of microwave reaction equipment as well as methods to improve microwave heating uniformity. Also included are the practical application of microwave-assisted processing in chemical engineering in the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine and essential oils from plant materials; the treatment of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer waste; and the drying treatment of drill cuttings and Zhaotong lignite. These 9 papers together represent unique and valuable references in the research of microwave technology.
    Keywords: microwave heating ; biodiesel ; oleic acid ; coupling ; multiphysics calculation ; Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) ; microwave-assisted extraction ; response surface methodology ; yield and composition of essential oils ; uniformity analysis ; electric discharge analysis ; Aurantii fructus ; antioxidant flavonoids ; ultrasonic-assisted extraction ; criteria importance through intercriteria correlation method ; red vine leaves ; polyphenols ; microwaves ; ultrasonic waves ; pulsed electric fields ; laboratory robot ; extraction ; lignite ; microwave drying kinetics ; hot-air drying kinetics ; effective diffusion coefficient ; apparent activation energy ; applicator design ; electromagnetic simulation ; coaxial feeding ; drill cuttings ; drying ; energy ; microwave ; conveyor belt ; CFRP ; recycling ; carbon fibers ; thermolysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 41
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Remote image capture systems are a key element in efficient and sustainable agriculture nowadays. They are increasingly being used to obtain information of interest from the crops, the soil and the environment. It includes different types of capturing devices: from satellites and drones, to in-field devices; different types of spectral information, from visible RGB images, to multispectral images; different types of applications; and different types of techniques in the areas of image processing, computer vision, pattern recognition and machine learning. This book covers all these aspects, through a series of chapters that describe specific recent applications of these techniques in interesting problems of agricultural engineering.
    Keywords: SVM ; budding rate ; UAV ; geometric consistency ; radiometric consistency ; point clouds ; ICP ; reflectance maps ; vegetation indices ; Parrot Sequoia ; artificial intelligence ; precision agriculture ; agricultural robot ; optimization algorithm ; online operation ; segmentation ; coffee leaf rust ; machine learning ; deep learning ; remote sensing ; Fourth Industrial Revolution ; Agriculture 4.0 ; failure strain ; sandstone ; digital image correlation ; Hill–Tsai failure criterion ; finite element method ; reference evapotranspiration ; moisture sensors ; machine learning regression ; frequency-domain reflectometry ; randomizable filtered classifier ; convolutional neural network ; U-Net ; land use ; banana plantation ; Panama TR4 ; aerial photography ; remote images ; systematic mapping study ; agriculture ; applications ; total leaf area ; mixed pixels ; Cabernet Sauvignon ; NDVI ; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ; precision viticulture ; 3D model ; spatial vision ; fertirrigation ; teaching–learning ; spectrometry ; Sentinel-2 ; pasture quality index ; normalized difference vegetation index ; normalized difference water index ; supplementation ; decision making ; digital agriculture ; grape yield estimate ; berries counting ; Dilated CNN ; machine learning algorithms ; classification performance ; winter wheat mapping ; large-scale ; water stress ; Prunus avium L. ; stem water potential ; low-cost thermography ; thermal indexes ; canopy temperature ; non-water-stressed baselines ; non-transpiration baseline ; soil moisture ; andosols ; image processing ; greenhouse ; automatic tomato harvesting ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 42
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) has recently emerged as a new etching technique capable of fabricating high aspect ratio nano- and microstructures in a few semiconductors substrates—Si, Ge, poly-Si, GaAs, and SiC—and using different catalysts—Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Cu, Ni, and Rh. Several shapes have been demonstrated with a high anisotropy and feature size in the nanoscale—nanoporous films, nanowires, 3D objects, and trenches, which are useful components of photonic devices, microfluidic devices, bio-medical devices, batteries, Vias, MEMS, X-ray optics, etc. With no limitations of large-areas and low-cost processing, MacEtch can open up new opportunities for several applications where high precision nano- and microfabrication is required. This can make semiconductor manufacturing more accessible to researchers in various fields, and accelerate innovation in electronics, bio-medical engineering, energy, and photonics. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on novel methodological developments in MacEtch, and its use for various applications.
    Keywords: porous silicon ; Pd nanoparticles-assisted chemical etching ; etching rate ; ethanol electrooxidation ; X-ray diffractive optics ; zone plate ; high aspect ratio nanostructures ; metal-assisted chemical etching ; electroless deposition ; Al2O3 nanotube ; ultra-high aspect ratio ; gold (Au) metal assisted chemical etching ; atomic layer deposition ; anisotropic dry etching ; silicon cones ; metal assisted chemical etching ; transversal pores ; antireflection ; black GaAs ; photon recycling ; X-ray grating interferometry ; catalyst ; silicon ; gold electroplating ; magnetically guided metal-assisted chemical etching ; bulk Si etching ; curved Si structure ; catalyst encapsulation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 43
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Trace gas sensing technologies are widely used in many applications, such as environmental monitoring, life science, medical diagnostics, and planetary exploration. On the one hand, laser sources have developed greatly due to the rapid development of laser media and laser techniques in recent years. Some novel lasers such as solid-state, diode, and quantum cascade lasers have experienced significant progress. At present, laser wavelengths can cover the range from ultraviolet to terahertz, which could promote the development of laser gas sensing technologies significantly. On the other hand, some new gas sensing methods have appeared, such as photothermal spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques have the advantages of high sensitivity, non-invasiveness, and allowing in situ, real-time observation. Due to the rapid and recent developments in laser source as well as the great merits of laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques, this book aims to provide an updated overview of the state-of-the-art laser gas sensing technologies.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; methane detection ; concentration prediction ; two-photon femtosecond laser-induced fluorescence ; n/a ; finite-element analysis ; wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) ; quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy ; real-time observation ; carbon dioxide monitoring ; filament-induced nonlinear spectroscopy ; thermal control ; femtosecond laser-induced plasma spectroscopy ; Tm ; MgO:PPLN crystal ; mid-infrared ICL ; combustion sensing ; algorithm ; laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) ; mid-infrared fingerprint spectrum ; time division multiplexing differential modulation ; detection limit ; design optimization ; 13CO2/12CO2 isotope ratio detection ; femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; coupling efficiency ; gas detection ; laser spectroscopy ; hollow-core photonic crystal fiber ; thermoelectric cooling ; TDLAS ; chicken swarm optimization ; frequency modulation spectroscopy ; absorption spectroscopy ; practical applications ; methane ; wavelength modulation spectroscopy ; continuous-wave (CW) ; tunable laser absorption spectroscopy ; noise reduction algorithms ; C2H2 detection ; a multi-reflection chamber ; tunable mid-infrared solid-state laser ; photothermal spectroscopy ; stokes vectors ; combustion diagnostic ; GRIN fiber probe ; wavelength modulation ; deep-sea natural gas hydrate exploration ; femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging ; graphene saturable absorber ; femtosecond laser ; near-infrared ; all-fiber laser ; optical parametric oscillator ; mid-infrared ; gas sensing ; direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) ; interferometric gas detection ; single-frequency ; non-linearity ; TDLAS technique ; interband cascade lasers ; optical parametric oscillator (OPO) ; quantum cascade lasers ; PQS ; support vector machine ; Ho:LuVO4 laser ; two-tone frequency modulation spectroscopy ; intracavity gas detection ; quartz tuning fork ; trace gas detection ; information processing technology ; optical sensing ; temperature compensation ; broadband spectrum ; tunable diode laser ; diffuse integrating cavity ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 44
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents diverse contributions related to some of the latest advances in the field of personalization and recommender systems, as well as social media and sentiment analysis. The work comprises several articles that address different problems in these areas by means of recent techniques such as deep learning, methods to analyze the structure and the dynamics of social networks, and modern language processing approaches for sentiment analysis, among others. The proposals included in the book are representative of some highly topical research directions and cover different application domains where they have been validated. These go from the recommendation of hotels, movies, music, documents, or pharmacy cross-selling to sentiment analysis in the field of telemedicine and opinion mining on news, also including the study of social capital on social media and dynamics aspects of the Twitter social network.
    Keywords: music recommender systems ; social influence ; social trust ; homophily ; collaborative filtering ; streaming services ; ego network ; events ; network dynamics ; Twitter ; hybrid recommender systems ; feedback collection ; digital libraries ; information retrieval ; real-world data ; open-access ; social capital ; social media ; operationalization ; measurement ; scoping review ; graph convolutional neural network ; recommender system ; cross-sales ; pharmacy ; popularity bias ; opinion mining ; opinion summarization ; topic modeling ; semantic similarity measures ; word embeddings ; text mining ; sentiment analysis ; Web-based questionnaire ; telemedicine ; telemonitoring ; telehomecare ; recommender systems ; utility ; multi-criteria ; penalty ; over-expectation ; under-expectation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 45
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is the result of a Special Issue published in Applied Sciences, entitled “New Trends in Recycled Aggregate Concrete"". It identifies emerging research areas within the field of recycled aggregate concrete and contributes to the increased use of this eco-efficient material.Its contents are organised in the following sections: Upscaling the use of recycled aggregate concrete in structural design; Large scale applications of recycled aggregate concrete; Long-term behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete; Performance of recycled aggregate concrete in very aggressive environments; Reliability of recycled aggregate concrete structures; Life cycle assessment of recycled aggregate concrete; New applications of recycled aggregate concrete.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; crushing ; heavyweight waste glass ; n/a ; recycled aggregate quality ; seismic load ; microstructure ; construction waste ; permeability ; bond strength ; seismic performance ; aggregate interlock mechanism ; recycled concrete aggregates ; compressive strength ; crumb rubber ; cellular concrete ; model ; cyclic load ; recycled aggregate ; crushed glass ; models ; recycled aggregate concrete ; reactive power concrete ; recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) ; energy absorbing ; creep ; elevated temperature ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; size effect ; recycled concrete aggregate ; geological nature of aggregates ; mechanical properties ; recycled concrete ; artificial neural networks ; recycled aggregates ; steel fibre ; quality of aggregates ; aggregates ; foam stability ; ceramic foam ; durable characteristics ; nylon fiber ; concrete ; mechanical characteristics ; strain rate ; steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (SRRAC) ; dynamic mechanical property ; concrete sludge fines ; water absorption ; columns ; environmental impact ; blast-furnace slag ; input variable ; tensile splitting strength ; aggregate ; returned concrete ; reinforced concrete member ; variable sensitivity ; soil stabilization ; numerical analysis ; shear behavior ; fly-ash ; modulus ; life cycle assessment ; foam structure ; silica fume ; recycling ; recycled coarse aggregate concrete ; ready-mixed concrete ; foam concrete ; flexural behavior ; mixture proportioning ; aggregate characteristic ; residual properties ; CT ; reinforced concrete ; shrinkage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 46
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue of Processes operates on the basis of a rigorous peer-review with a single-blind assessment and at least two independent reviewers, thereby ensuring a high quality final product. I would like to thank our reviewers, for providing the authors with constructive comments, and Editorial Board, for their professional advice that led to the final decision. I am sure that, in coming years, readers of this Special Issue will find the scientific manuscripts interesting and beneficial to their research.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; three-dimensional temperature field ; n/a ; forced convection ; RNG k-? model ; PIV measurements ; water friction loss ; flat plate ; horizontal ; optimization ; casson fluid ; finned tube ; plate-fin heat sink ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; plate heat exchanger ; partial heating ; thermo-diffusion ; HEN synthesis ; Keller-Box technique ; visualization experiment ; ice-cream ; modelling ; computational intelligence techniques ; canned motor ; boiling ; heat transfer ; operating condition ; vertical ; phase change ; flow distribution characteristics ; scraped surface heat exchanger ; heat flux ; numerical simulation ; aspect ratio ; orientation ; axisymmetric flow ; CACRS ; natural convection ; MINLP ; multi-slip ; ice storage ; viscosity ; axial piston pump ; crystallization ; multiphase flow ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 47
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Due to the ever-expanding applications of micro/nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) as sensors and actuators, interest in their development has rapidly expanded over the past decade. Encompassing various excitation and readout schemes, the MEMS/NEMS devices transduce physical parameter changes, such as temperature, mass or stress, caused by changes in desired measurands, to electrical signals that can be further processed. Some common examples of NEMS/MEMS sensors include pressure sensors, accelerometers, magnetic field sensors, microphones, radiation sensors, and particulate matter sensors. Despite a long history of development, fabrication of novel MEMS/NEMS devices still poses unique challenges due to their requirement for a suspended geometry; and many new fabrication techniques have been proposed to overcome these challenges. However, further development of these techniques is still necessary, as newer materials such as compound semiconductors, and 2-dimensional materials are finding their way in various MEMS/NEMS applications, with more complex structures and potentially smaller dimensions.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; vibrating ring gyroscope ; n/a ; tunnel magnetoresistive effect ; optical sensor ; micro-NIR spectrometer ; pulse inertia force ; gas sensor ; wet etching ; oil detection ; glass welding ; spring design ; power consumption ; MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) ; back cavity ; deflection position detector ; magnetic ; MEMS ; single-layer SiO2 ; frequency tuning ; threshold accuracy ; suspended micro hotplate ; AlGaN/GaN circular HFETs ; quadrature modulation signal ; inertial switch ; nanoparticle sensor ; low noise ; photonic crystal nanobeam cavity ; floating slug ; infrared image ; backstepping approach ; microdroplet ; acceleration switch ; microgyroscope ; temperature uniformity ; methane ; microfluidic ; accelerometer design ; photonic crystal cavity ; anisotropy ; resonant frequency ; dual-mass MEMS gyroscope ; analytical model ; single crystal silicon ; temperature sensor ; micro fluidic ; refractive index sensor ; microwave measurement ; low zero-g offset ; femtosecond laser ; micropellistor ; rapid fabrication ; accelerometer ; tracking performance ; GaN diaphragm ; microactuator ; resistance parameter ; optomechanical sensor ; scanning grating mirror ; GaAs MMIC ; adaptive control ; frequency split ; frequency mismatch ; electrostatic force feedback ; thermoelectric power sensor ; squeeze-film damping ; silicon ; wideband ; Accelerometer readout ; bonding strength ; high temperature pressure sensors ; 3D simulation ; level-set method ; tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 48
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book results from a Special Issue related to the latest progress in the thermodynamics of machines systems and processes since the premonitory work of Carnot. Carnot invented his famous cycle and generalized the efficiency concept for thermo-mechanical engines. Since that time, research progressed from the equilibrium approach to the irreversible situation that represents the general case. This book illustrates the present state-of-the-art advances after one or two centuries of consideration regarding applications and fundamental aspects. The research is moving fast in the direction of economic and environmental aspects. This will probably continue during the coming years. This book mainly highlights the recent focus on the maximum power of engines, as well as the corresponding first law efficiency upper bounds.
    Keywords: thermodynamics ; optimization ; entropy analysis ; Carnot engine ; modelling with time durations ; steady-state modelling ; transient conditions ; converter irreversibility ; sequential optimization ; Finite physical Dimensions Optimal Thermodynamics ; global efficiency ; energy efficiency ; heat engine ; heat pump ; utilization ; Carnot efficiency ; comparison ; thermal system ; cycle analysis ; second law of thermodynamics ; Clausius Statement ; theorem of the equivalence of transformations ; linear irreversible thermodynamics ; maximum power output ; maximum ecological Function ; maximum efficient power function ; enzymatic reaction model ; ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) ; plate heat exchanger ; finite-time thermodynamics ; heat transfer entropy ; entropy production ; new efficiency limits ; two-stage LNG compressor ; energy losses ; exergy destruction ; exergy efficiency ; Stirling cycle ; refrigerator ; heat exchanger ; second law ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 49
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: As we move further into the 21st century, despite the fact that new technologies have emerged, machining remains the key operation to achieve high productivity and precision for high-added value parts in several sectors, but recent advances in computer applications should close the gap between simulations and industrial practices. This book, “Machining Dynamics and Parameters Process Optimization”, is oriented toward the different strategies and paths when it comes to increasing productivity and reliability in metal removal processes. The topics include the dynamic characterization of machine tools, experimental dampening techniques, and optimization algorithms combined with signal monitoring.
    Keywords: CNC parameters ; machining mode ; high speed ; high accuracy ; high surface quality ; five-axis linear-segment toolpath ; path smoothing ; B-spline curve-fitting ; path synchronization ; feedrate scheduling ; flute-grinding ; evolution algorithms ; wheel location and orientation ; thin-floor machining ; chatter ; magnetorheological damper ; bull-nose end mill ; tool wear monitoring ; milling ; complex part ; deep learning ; autoencoder ; deep multi-layer perceptron ; tool condition monitoring ; tool change policy ; Industry 4.0 ; machine learning ; CNN ; AI ; additive manufacturing ; thin walled machining ; dynamics ; machining cycle optimization ; multivariable tool ; stable peninsula ; homotopy perturbation method ; machining robot ; natural frequency prediction ; model optimization ; dynamic performance ; stability ; machining ; grinding ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 50
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The use of lightweight structures across several industries has become inevitable in today’s world given the ever-rising demand for improved fuel economy and resource efficiency. In the automotive industry, composites, reinforced plastics, and lightweight materials, such as aluminum and magnesium are being adopted by many OEMs at increasing rates to reduce vehicle mass and develop efficient new lightweight designs. Automotive weight reduction with high-strength steel is also witnessing major ongoing efforts to design novel damage-controlled forming processes for a new generation of efficient, lightweight steel components. Although great progress has been made over the past decades in understanding the thermomechanical behavior of these materials, their extensive use as lightweight solutions is still limited due to numerous challenges that play a key role in cost competitiveness. Hence, significant research efforts are still required to fully understand the anisotropic material behavior, failure mechanisms, and, most importantly, the interplay between industrial processing, microstructure development, and the resulting properties. This Special Issue reprint book features concise reports on the current status in the field. The topics discussed herein include areas of manufacturing and processing technologies of materials for lightweight applications, innovative microstructure and process design concepts, and advanced characterization techniques combined with modeling of material’s behavior.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA401-492 ; n/a ; microstructure ; Mg-Al-Ba-Ca alloy ; strength ; severe plastic deformation ; hot working ; surface roughness ; high pressure torsion extrusion ; optimization ; fatigue fracture behavior ; magnesium alloys ; de-coring ; formability ; multilayered sheets ; HPDC ; spring-back ; contact heat transfer ; mechanical properties ; bending ; in-die quenching ; equivalent strain ; light metals ; processing ; heat transfer ; damage ; creep aging ; thin-walled profile ; rolling ; aluminum alloy ; transmission line fittings ; ceramic core ; processing map ; automated void recognition ; FEA ; multi-output porthole extrusion ; density ; kinetic analysis ; texture ; non-ferrous alloys ; material characterization ; stress superposition ; hot stamping ; metal flow ; hybrid composite material ; V-bending test ; finite element model ; aluminium alloy ; shear lap test ; Al-Cu-Mg alloy ; characterization ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 51
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Semi-solid metal (SSM) processing, as a viable alternative manufacturing route to those of conventional casting and forging, has not yet been fully exploited despite nearly half a century since its introduction to the metal industry. The slow pace of adopting SSM routes may be due to various reasons, including capital costs, profit margins, and, most importantly, the lack of detailed analysis of various SSM processes in open literature to confidently establish their advantages over more conventional routes. Therefore, the SSM community must disseminate their findings more effectively to generate increased confidence in SSM processes in the eyes of our industrial leaders. As such, we have embarked on the task to invite the leaders in SSM research to share their findings in a Special Issue dedicated to semi-solid processing of metals and composites. SSM processing takes advantage of both forming and shaping characteristics usually employed for liquid and solid materials. In the absence of shear forces, the semi-solid metal has similar characteristics to solids, i.e., easily transferred and shaped; by applying a defined force, the viscosity is reduced and the material flows like a liquid. These unique dual characteristics have made SSM routes attractive alternatives to conventional casting on an industrial scale. With the intention of taking full advantage of SSM characteristics, it is crucial to understand SSM processing, including topics such as solidification and structural evolution, flow behavior through modelling and rheology, new processes and process control, alloy development, and properties in general. This Special Issue focuses on the recent research and findings in the field with the aim of filling the gap between industry and academia, and to shed light on some of the fundamentals of science and technology of semi-solid processing.
    Keywords: 7075 aluminum alloy ; thixoforming ; post-welding-heat treatment ; electron beam welding (EBW) ; nano-sized SiC particle ; wear rate ; friction coefficient ; rheoformed ; thixoformed ; semi-solid ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; wear ; corrosion ; Al–Si alloys ; rheocasting ; HPDC ; electrochemical evaluation ; rheological model ; semi-solid state ; Mg alloys ; high-temperature rheology ; rheological properties ; rheology ; semi-solid alloys ; thixotropy ; rheometer ; compression test ; viscosity ; semi-solid material ; A356 alloy ; electromagnetic stirring ; compression ; primary α-Al particle ; enclosed cooling slope channel ; ZCuSn10P1 ; microstructure refinement ; properties ; thixowelding ; thixojoining ; semisolid joining ; cold-work tool steel ; semisolid processing ; thixoformability ; Fe-rich Al-Si-Cu alloy ; 2024 aluminum matrix composites ; Al2O3 nanoparticles ; polarized light microscopy ; anodic etching ; EBSD ; grain ; globule ; Al-Si alloy ; semi-solid metal processing ; EMS ; thixocasting ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Modern factories are experiencing rapid digital transformation supported by emerging technologies, such as the Industrial Internet of things (IIOT), industrial big data and cloud technologies, deep learning and deep analytics, AI, intelligent robotics, cyber-physical systems and digital twins, complemented by visual computing (including new forms of artificial vision with machine learning, novel HMI, simulation, and visualization). This is evident in the global trend of Industry 4.0. The impact of these technologies is clear in the context of high-performance manufacturing. Important improvements can be achieved in productivity, systems reliability, quality verification, etc. Manufacturing processes, based on advanced mechanical principles, are enhanced by big data analytics on industrial sensor data. In current machine tools and systems, complex sensors gather useful data, which is captured, stored, and processed with edge, fog, or cloud computing. These processes improve with digital monitoring, visual data analytics, AI, and computer vision to achieve a more productive and reliable smart factory. New value chains are also emerging from these technological changes. This book addresses these topics, including contributions deployed in production, as well as general aspects of Industry 4.0.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T55.4-60.8 ; T1-995 ; localization ; smart system ; n/a ; connected enterprise ; digital manufacturing ; AHP ; YOLOv3 ; decision support ; neural network ; vertex distance ; depthwise separable convolution ; cutting insert selection ; smart service ; contour detection ; convolutional neural networks ; platform-based ecosystem ; in-line dimensional inspection ; dilated convolutions ; fabric defect detection ; classification ; FCM ; LGM ; digital information flow ; turning ; computer vision ; control service ; blister defect ; RMTs ; feature pyramid ; research and development indicators ; maintenance expert ; polymer lithium-ion battery ; IT concept ; Industry 4.0 ; matching ; data reduction ; competence ; fibre of preserved Szechuan pickle ; elliptical paraboloid array ; relative angle ; geometric relationship ; optical system ; configure-to-order ; aircraft structure crack detection ; digital twins ; smart factory ; D-VGG16 ; optical slope sensor ; smart manufacturing ; self-calibration method ; convolutional neural network ; industry 4.0 ; skyline queries ; machine learning ; scalability test ; cyber-physical production systems ; Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) ; demand-side response ; cutting parameter optimization ; image smoothing ; marketing innovations ; genetic algorithm ; automation system ; defect detection ; scheduling ; job shop systems ; big data ; operator theory ; micro-armature ; train wheel ; industrial knowledge graph ; industrial load management ; bilinear model ; artificial neural networks ; 4th industrial revolution ; INDUSTRY 4.0 ; construction equipment ; lean assembly ; capacity control ; Grad-CAM ; revolution workpiece ; chatter ; anomaly detection ; QFD ; social network ; deep learning ; control as a service ; warm forming ; automated surface inspection ; cloud-based control system ; innovative marketing tools ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; flower pollination algorithm ; HED ; edge computing ; predictive analytics ; BIM ; digital platforms ; industrial big data ; energy flexibility ; impacts marketing innovations ; intellectualization of industrial information ; economic recession ; 3D mesh reconstruction ; demand-side management ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 53
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Engineering mathematics is a branch of applied mathematics where mathematical methods and techniques are implemented for solving problems related to the engineering and industry. It also represents a multidisciplinary approach where theoretical and practical aspects are deeply merged with the aim at obtaining optimized solutions. In line with that, the present Special Issue, 'Engineering Mathematics in Ship Design', is focused, in particular, with the use of this sort of engineering science in the design of ships and vessels. Articles are welcome when applied science or computation science in ship design represent the core of the discussion.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; Lead-Zirconium-Titanium (PZT) ; n/a ; H.O.M.E.R. nozzle ; finite element ; low-speed Diesel engine ; piezoelectric sensor ; AHP method ; environmental management system ; SPH ; state-of-the-art ; marine transport ; single-stepped planing hulls ; optimisation ; finite element method ; computational fluid dynamic ; slamming ; FSI ; roll motion ; harmonic excitation ; external forces ; towing tank tests ; modelling ; roll damping ; ISO 9126 ; selection ; stiffened plate ; numerical model ; damaged sensor ; CFD ; symmetric 2D + T theory ; hydroelasticity ; ISO 14001 ; water entry ; plate ; constitutive model ; turbulence model ; SHIPMOVE ; impact traction ; fixed pitch propeller ; stiffeners ; numerical simulation ; cavitation ; controllable pitch propeller ; ISO 14598 ; MMG Model ; hydrodynamic forces ; balanced scorecard ; finite volume method ; deflection ; constructal design ; fluid-structure interaction ; MCDM method ; marine industry ; ship design ; fracture mechanics ; coanda effect ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue contains a series of excellent research works on telecommunications and signal processing, selected from the 2018 41st International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP) which was held on July 4–6, 2018, in Athens, Greece. The conference was organized in cooperation with the IEEE Region 8 (Europe, Middle East, and Africa), IEEE Greece Section, IEEE Czechoslovakia Section, and IEEE Czechoslovakia Section SP/CAS/COM Joint Chapter by seventeen universities from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Turkey, Taiwan, Japan, Slovak Republic, Spain, Bulgaria, France, Slovenia, Croatia, and Poland, for academics, researchers, and developers, and serves as a premier international forum for the annual exchange and promotion of the latest advances in telecommunication technology and signal processing. The aim of the conference is to bring together both novice and experienced scientists, developers, and specialists, to meet new colleagues, collect new ideas, and establish new cooperation between research groups from universities, research centers, and private sectors worldwide. This collection of 10 papers is highly recommended for researchers, and believed to be interesting, inspiring, and motivating for readers in their further research.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; similarity measure ; dynamic time warping ; n/a ; Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) ; multispectral information ; transmission convergence layer ; 3D segmentation ; micrographia ; MATLAB ; neural network ; wireless communication ; identification ; interference alignment ; Parkinson’s disease dysgraphia ; NG-PON2 ; timing ; GPON ; semantic segmentation ; fractional-order filters ; maximum likelihood criterion ; kinematic analysis ; multitemporal data ; fractional calculus ; multi-hop relay network ; u-net ; interference leakage ; Richardson iteration ; activation process ; acoustic analysis ; follow-up study ; fractional-order derivative ; electrocardiogram (ECG) ; deep learning ; security ; modulo M quasi-stationary ; cognitive radio ; low-pass filters ; time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC) ; sample-and-hold (S/H) mismatch ; authentication ; pattern recognition ; online handwriting ; sparse inference ; Taylor series ; EPON ; open-source ; spine ; machine learning ; brain ; signal representation ; magnitude responses ; Chebyshev filters ; XG-PON ; phonation ; hypokinetic dysarthria ; Parkinson’s disease ; overcomplete multi-scale dictionary construction ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 55
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Food processing by humans goes a long way back in time, e.g., heat for cooking was used 1.9 million years ago. However, meal preparation now seems to be moving out of the home kitchen, and preprocessed or processed/convenience food products are becoming a larger part of the daily diet. In addition, consumers are progressively focusing on the impact of food on their health, and they demand foods that have a high nutritional quality and an aroma and natural flavor that are similar to freshly-made products. Therefore, nutritional quality is concurrent with food safety, and sensory perception is becoming an increasingly important factor in food choices. The human digestive tract disintegrates food to allow the nutrients to be released and made available to the body. However, nutrients can undergo unwanted degradation upon processing and subsequent storage, negatively influencing the physiological effects. Different processing techniques will result in different food structures, thereby also affecting bioaccessibility and nutritional value. Hence, food scientists and industry have an increased interest in both conventional and innovative processing methods that can provide good-quality products with high nutritional value and stable shelf life. This Special Issue aims to shed some light on the latest knowledge about and developments within the effects of food processing and storage on changes of biochemical and nutritional compounds. Both original research articles and reviews are included in this book.
    Keywords: protein fractionation ; white teff ; brown teff ; amino acid profile ; seed storage proteins ; essential amino acids ; anthocyanins ; ascorbic acid ; UV-Vis ; HPLC-MS ; kinetics ; shelf life ; legume protein ; processing ; digestibility ; PEF ; OH ; POD ; colour ; extraction ; spray drying ; freeze drying ; antioxidants ; carotenoid aggregates ; coloring foods ; grouper ; refrigerated storage ; packaging methods ; protein oxidation ; protein degradation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 56
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: A key aspect of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is their potential for integrating information technologies with embedded control systems and physical systems to form new or improved functionalities. CPS thus draws upon advances in many areas. This positioning provides unprecedented opportunities for innovation, both within and across existing domains. However, at the same time, it is commonly understood that we are already stretching the limits of existing methodologies. In embarking towards CPS with such unprecedented capabilities, it becomes essential to improve our understanding of CPS complexity and how we can deal with it. Complexity has many facets, including complexity of the CPS itself, of the environments in which the CPS acts, and in terms of the organizations and supporting tools that develop, operate, and maintain CPS. This book is a result of a journal Special Issue, with the objective of providing a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange their latest achievements and to identify critical issues, challenges, opportunities, and future directions for how to deal with the complexity of future CPS. The contributions include 10 papers on the following topics: (I) Systems and Societal Aspects Related to CPS and Their Complexity; (II) Model-Based Development Methods for CPS; (III) CPS Resource Management and Evolving Computing Platforms; and (IV) Architectures for CPS.
    Keywords: component-based software engineering ; mode ; mode-switch ; complexity ; cyber-physical systems ; systems engineering ; uncertainty ; microgrid ; distributed design ; self-similar architecture ; plug-n-play ; distributed control ; distribution network ; field test ; autonomous cyber-physical systems ; resilience ; ethics ; nano-bio-info-cogno technologies ; smart cyber-physical systems ; self-generated intelligence ; ampliative reasoning mechanism ; procedural abduction ; data-driven system control ; run-time acquired data ; computational functions ; self-adaptation capability ; human/socially-centered applications ; embedded systems ; software component ; component-based development ; CBD ; GPU ; GPU component ; allocation ; component allocation ; architecture layer ; time-triggered system ; real-time ; adaptation ; scheduling ; multi-core ; real-time systems ; Fixed-Priority Preemptive Scheduling (FPPS) ; mixed-criticality systems ; n/a ; Cyber Physical Systems ; Reactive Systems ; Model-Based Design ; Embedded Systems ; Automatic Code Generation ; IDE ; Internet of Things ; model testing ; mutation testing ; energy consumption ; EAST-ADL ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 57
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Artificial intelligence is deeply involved in our daily lives via reinforcing the digital transformation of modern economies and infrastructure. It relies on powerful computing clusters, which face bottlenecks of power consumption for both data transmission and intensive computing. Meanwhile, optics (especially optical communications, which underpin today’s telecommunications) is penetrating short-reach connections down to the chip level, thus meeting with AI technology and creating numerous opportunities. This book is about the marriage of optics and AI and how each part can benefit from the other. Optics facilitates on-chip neural networks based on fast optical computing and energy-efficient interconnects and communications. On the other hand, AI enables efficient tools to address the challenges of today’s optical communication networks, which behave in an increasingly complex manner. The book collects contributions from pioneering researchers from both academy and industry to discuss the challenges and solutions in each of the respective fields.
    Keywords: light emitting diode ; nonlinearity estimation and compensation ; probabilistic Bayesian learning ; visible light communication ; digital signal processing ; support vector machines ; BCSVM ; nonlinear equalization ; coherent detection ; k-nearest neighbor algorithm ; modulation format identification ; OSNR monitoring ; neural networks ; optical communications ; optimization ; equalizer ; tap estimation ; optical Fast-OFDM ; nonlinearity compensation ; optical fiber communications ; chromatic dispersion ; short-reach communication ; neural network ; hybrid signal processing ; fiber optics communications ; coherent communications ; machine learning ; clustering ; nonlinearity cancellation ; entanglement ; charge qubit ; position-based semiconductor qubits ; cryogenic technologies ; semiconductor photon communication ; Jaynes–Cummings–Hubbard formalism ; deep neural networks ; volterra equalization ; nonlinear systems ; coherent optical communication ; passive optical networks ; nonlinear compensation ; optical transmission ; optical networks ; artificial intelligence ; quality of transmission ; optical performance monitoring ; failure management ; artificial neural networks ; deep neural network ; image classification ; photonic integrated circuits ; semiconductor optical amplifiers ; photonic neural network ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The need for efficient and sustainable management methods of mine waste is continuously growing all around the world. These waste products often present serious management problems due to their more or less significant amounts and possible environmental threats. This Special Issue highlights the recent and new trends in sustainable mine waste management techniques. Currently, it is essential to sustainably manage mine waste, considering social, economic, environmental and technical aspects. In this Special Issue, insights related to the following issues are highlighted: the problems around mine waste, the fine characterization of mine waste, the latest available technical and environmental solutions to efficiently manage mine waste, including treatment and processing before disposal and high value element recovery, with the view of moving towards defining effective, low-cost and ecofriendly methods, the recycling of mine waste products as alternative resources in different sectors, and finally laboratory, pilot and/or industrial-scale studies related to these topics of research. Scientists and industry and governance stakeholders have to face these new challenges to find the best management practices for the future.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; n/a ; geographical information systems ; reuse ; kinetic test ; microstructure ; mining waste ; cemented paste backfill ; mixing ; metals ; economic potential ; paste pH ; bibliometric analysis ; multivariate analysis ; Bayer red mud ; iron recovery ; flow behavior ; attenuation mechanisms ; magnesium oxide ; environmental mineralogy ; iron ore tailings ; sulfides ; anthropogenic mineral resources (AMR) ; alkaline amendments ; exploration ; long-term storage ; mining and mineral processing waste (MMPW) ; mineralogical characterization ; Zgounder mine ; sustainable resource management ; leaching ; sustainability ; LIBS ; AMR processing ; gravity separation ; heap leaching ; sustainable development ; Joutel mine ; tailings ; circular economy ; stamp mill ; silver ; acid mine drainage ; flotation ; siderite ; mobility ; mine drainage ; mine tailings ; mine waste ; remediation ; desulfurization ; geochemical behavior ; pH ; loss and lost profits ; low-grade silver ores ; aquatic systems ; hydrotalcite-like compounds ; core scanner ; rheology ; soil washing ; cementitious amendments ; historic tailings ; gold reprocessing ; chemical species ; systematic review ; concrete composite admixtures ; dump leaching ; kinetic testing ; tailings management ; reaction kinetics ; industrial ecology ; management ; contaminant ; valorisation ; recovering alkali ; environmental damage ; copper tailings dump ; spatial mapping ; supergene processes ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Electromagnetic (EM) waves carry energy through propagation in space. This radiation associates with entangled electric and magnetic fields which must exist simultaneously. Although all EM waves travel at the speed of light in vacuum, they cover a wide range of frequencies called the EM spectrum. The various portions of the EM spectrum are referred to by various names based on their different attributes in the emission, transmission, and absorption of the corresponding waves and also based on their different practical applications. There are no certain boundaries separating these various portions, and the ranges tend to overlap. Overall, the EM spectrum, from the lowest to the highest frequency (longest to shortest wavelength) contains the following waves: radio frequency (RF), microwaves, millimeter waves, terahertz, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. This Special Issue consists of sixteen papers covering a broad range of topics related to the applications of EM waves, from the design of filters and antennas for wireless communications to biomedical imaging and sensing and beyond.
    Keywords: bonding wire ; S parameters ; electromagnetic simulation ; port embedding ; balanced bandpass filter ; common mode suppression ; spurline ; source–load coupling ; stepped impedance resonator (SIR) ; open-ended waveguide ; slow-wave ; endfire ; radiation ; dispersion ; gain ; energy verification ; Hall probe ; dipole ; movable slit ; Goubau line ; non-invasive blood glucose measurement ; Acu-check ; lancet ; leaky waves ; surface waves ; ultra-wideband ; THz absorber ; high absorption ; polarization independent ; holography ; microwave imaging ; microwave measurement system ; nondestructive testing ; electromagnetic compatibility ; protection of information ; electromagnetic emissions ; computers and information processing ; data acquisition ; image recognition ; pattern recognition ; image processing ; graphic information ; LED array ; laser printer ; compromising emanations ; electromagnetic infiltration ; reconstruction ; non-invasive data acquisition ; Fourier series expansion ; nanorod ; multimode ; propagation characteristics ; guided wave ; bandpass filter ; half-wavelength resonator ; insertion loss ; phantom measurement system ; bone lesion detection ; ground penetrating radar ; reverse time migration ; Tibetan Plateau ; permafrost active layer ; internal structure ; Chebyshev filter ; cavity ; metamaterial ; waveguide ; X-band ; meta-resonator ; machine learning ; material identification ; microwave sensor array ; microwave waveguide ; dipole and horn antennas ; carbon-composite material ; graphene ; antenna mesurements ; electromagnetic waves ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Bone tissue engineering aims to develop artificial bone substitutes that partially or totally restore the natural regeneration capability of bone tissue lost under circumstances of injury, significant defects, or diseases such as osteoporosis. In this context, biomaterials are the keystone of the methodology. Biomaterials for bone tissue engineering have evolved from biocompatible materials that mimic the physical and chemical environment of bone tissue to a new generation of materials that actively interacts with the physiological environment, accelerating bone tissue growth. Mathematical modelling and simulation are important tools in the overall methodology. This book presents an overview of the current investigations and recent contributions in the field of bone tissue engineering. It includes several successful examples of multidisciplinary collaboration in this transversal area of research. The book is intended for students, researchers, and professionals of a number of disciplines, such as engineering, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biomedicine, biology, and veterinary. The book is composed of an editorial section and 16 original research papers authored by leading researchers of this discipline from different laboratories across the world
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; bone morphogenesis proteins ; n/a ; finite element ; bone tissue engineering ; electrically active implants ; prediction marker ; vertebra ; direct current electric field ; loose sintering ; Lattice Boltzmann method ; Pelvis ; automatic segmentation ; MSCs ; additive manufacturing ; finite element method ; bioelectromagnetism ; optimization ; scaffold design ; cone beam computed tomography ; computational modelling ; bone regeneration ; oxygen delivery ; biomaterials ; bone tissue ; spark plasma sintering ; critical size defect ; musculoskeletal modelling ; resonance frequency analysis ; minipig ; numerical methods in bioengineering ; computational fluid dynamics ; maxillofacial ; osteoporosis ; sliding window ; osseointegration ; mass transfer ; substrate-mediated electrical stimulation ; Fixation design ; dental implants ; human dental pulp stem cells ; numerical results ; elastoplasticity ; bone tissue regeneration ; finite-element simulation ; 3D-printed implant ; selective laser melting ; Lagrangian scalar tracking ; cortical bone ; micromechanics ; trabeculae ; finite element modelling ; damage ; titanium ; powder metallurgy ; pelvis ; biomechanics ; computational mechanobiology ; culturing protocol ; bone adaptation ; stem cell ; Bone tumor ; trabecular bone score ; Xenografts ; triply periodic minimal surfaces ; computed tomography ; multiscale analysis ; cartilage ; digital image correlation ; osteo-differentiation ; wollastonite ; transport ; finite element analysis ; bone marrow ; fracture risk ; von Mises stress ; electric stimulation ; mechanical behaviour ; adipogenesis ; biomaterial applications ; computational mechanics ; Ti6Al4V scaffolds ; finite elements ; Otsu’s method ; 3D virtual surgical plan ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Since the great success of graphene, atomically thin-layered nanomaterials, called two dimensional (2D) materials, have attracted tremendous attention due to their extraordinary physical properties. Specifically, van der Waals heterostructured architectures based on a few 2D materials, named atomic-scale Lego, have been proposed as unprecedented platforms for the implementation of versatile devices with a completely novel function or extremely high-performance, shifting the research paradigm in materials science and engineering. Thus, diverse 2D materials beyond existing bulk materials have been widely studied for promising electronic, optoelectronic, mechanical, and thermoelectric applications. Especially, this Special Issue included the recent advances in the unique preparation methods such as exfoliation-based synthesis and vacuum-based deposition of diverse 2D materials and also their device applications based on interesting physical properties. Specifically, this Editorial consists of the following two parts: Preparation methods of 2D materials and Properties of 2D materials
    Keywords: α-MoO3 ; carbon nitride ; g-C3N4 ; molybdenum trioxide ; nanoplates ; synthesis ; few-layer MoS2 ; magnetron sputtering ; magnetron sputtering power ; raman spectroscopy ; disorder ; V2Se9 ; atomic crystal ; mechanical exfoliation ; scanning Kelvin probe microscopy ; MoS2 ; black phosphorus ; 2D/2D heterojunction ; junction FET ; tunneling diode ; tunneling FET ; band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) ; natural molybdenite ; MoS2 nanosheet ; SiO2 ; liquid exfoliation ; photoelectric properties ; uniaxial strain ; flexible substrate ; film–substrate interaction ; photoluminescence ; Raman spectroscopy ; molybdenum disulfide ; bilayer-stacked structure ; WS2 ; lubricant additives ; tribological properties ; interfacial layer ; contact resistance ; bias stress stability ; saturable absorbers ; Langmuir–Blodgett technique ; Q-switched laser ; chemical vapor deposition ; P2O5 ; p-type conduction ; P-doped MoS2 ; transition metal dichalcogenides ; two-dimensional materials ; ferroelectrics ; 2D heterostructure ; WSe2 ; NbSe2 ; Nb2O5 interlayer ; synapse device ; neuromorphic system ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Computing systems are undergoing a transformation from logic-centric towards memory-centric architectures, where overall performance and energy efficiency at the system level are determined by the density, performance, functionality and efficiency of the memory, rather than the logic sub-system.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; image classification ; bipolar resistive switching characteristics ; bioelectronic devices ; self-directed channel (SDC) ; programmable ramp-down current pulses ; nanoparticles ; protein ; DRAM ; convolutional neural networks ; silicon oxide-based memristors ; electrochemical metallization cell ; magnetic tunnel junction ; power gating ; resistance switching mechanism ; BCH ; Fast Fourier Transform ; nucleic acid ; biomemory ; conductive filament ; resistive random access memory (RRAM) ; non-von Neumann architecture ; emerging technologies ; Galois field ; variability ; logic-in-memory ; charge spreading ; memristor ; Hebbian training ; crossbar ; quantum point contact ; SONOS ; bionanohybrid material ; ECG ; neuromorphic computing ; CUDA ; low-latency ; iBM ; Oxygen-related trap ; nonvolatile memory ; phase change memory ; floating gate ; non-von neumann architecture ; 3D-stacked ; STT-MRAM ; solution-based dielectric ; GPU ; Internet of things ; configurable logic-in-memory architecture ; memory wall ; biologic gate ; synaptic weight ; guide training ; ion conduction ; perpendicular Nano Magnetic Logic (pNML) ; Weibull distribution ; real-time system ; in-DRAM cache ; task placement ; dynamic voltage scaling ; MCU (microprogrammed control unit) ; wire resistance ; multi-level cell ; chalcogenide ; decoder ; character recognition ; matrix-vector multiplication ; hybrid ; magnetoresistive random access memory ; blockchain ; electrochemical metallization (ECM) ; RISC-V ; U-shape recessed channel ; neuromorphic system ; in-memory computing ; crossbar array ; associative processor ; low-power ; plasma treatment ; voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy ; flash memory ; resistive memory ; analogue computing ; bioprocessor ; annealing temperatures ; data retention ; flip-flop ; low-power technique ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This volume consists of a collection of 14 accepted submissions (including several invited feature articles) to the Special Issue of MDPI's journal Symmetry on the general subject area of integral transformations, operational calculus and their applications from many different parts around the world. The main objective of the Special Issue was to gather review, expository, and original research articles dealing with the state-of-the-art advances in integral transformations and operational calculus as well as their multidisciplinary applications, together with some relevance to the aspect of symmetry. Various families of fractional-order integrals and derivatives have been found to be remarkably important and fruitful, mainly due to their demonstrated applications in numerous diverse and widespread areas of mathematical, physical, chemical, engineering, and statistical sciences. Many of these fractional-order operators provide potentially useful tools for solving ordinary and partial differential equations, as well as integral, differintegral, and integro-differential equations; fractional-calculus analogues and extensions of each of these equations; and various other problems involving special functions of mathematical physics and applied mathematics, as well as their extensions and generalizations in one or more variables.
    Keywords: Stancu-type Bernstein operators ; Bézier bases ; Voronovskaja-type theorems ; modulus of continuity ; rate of convergence ; bivariate operators ; approximation properties ; statistical convergence ; P-convergent ; statistically and relatively modular deferred-weighted summability ; relatively modular deferred-weighted statistical convergence ; Korovkin-type approximation theorem ; modular space ; convex space ; N-quasi convex modular ; N-quasi semi-convex modular ; vehicle collaborative content downloading ; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation ; VANET ; delay differential equations ; integral operator ; periodic solutions ; subordinations ; exponential function ; Hankel determinant ; fractional differential equations with input ; Mittag-Leffler stability ; left generalized fractional derivative ; ρ-Laplace transforms ; functional integral equations ; Banach algebra ; fixed point theorem ; measure of noncompactness ; Geometric Function Theory ; q-integral operator ; q-starlike functions of complex order ; q-convex functions of complex order ; (δ,q)-neighborhood ; meromorphic multivalent starlike functions ; subordination ; univalent function ; symmetric differential operator ; unit disk ; analytic function ; analytic functions ; conic region ; Hadamard product ; differential subordination ; differential superordination ; generalized fractional differintegral operator ; Convex function ; Simpson’s rule ; differentiable function ; weights ; positive integral operators ; convolution operators ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The combination of functional polymers with inorganic nanostructured compounds has become a major area of research and technological development owing to the remarkable properties and multifunctionalities deriving from their nano and hybrid structures. In this context, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) have increasing importance and a dominant position with respect to the reinforcement of polymeric materials. Although POSSs were first described in 1946 by Scott, these materials, however, have not immediately been successful if we consider that, starting from 1946 and up to 1995, we find in the literature 85 manuscripts regarding POSSs; which means that less than two papers per year were published over 50 years. Since 1995, we observe an exponential growth of scientific manuscripts concerning POSSs. It is changing from an annual average of 20 manuscripts for the period 1995–2000 to an annual average of about 400 manuscripts, with an increase of 2800%. The introduction of POSSs inorganic nanostructures into polymers gives rise to polymer nanostructured materials (PNMs) with interesting mechanical and physical properties, thus representing a radical alternative to the traditional filled polymers or polymer compositions.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; graphene oxide ; n/a ; lithium ion battery ; liquefied ; polypropylene ; silsesquioxanes ; self-assembly behaviors ; nanocomposites ; Octavinyl-POSS ; polyimide ; thermal properties ; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-based ionic liquids ; aqueous self-assembly ; bi-functional POSS ; blends ; low refractive material ; cellular structure ; mechanism analysis ; morphology ; flame retardant ; hydrogels ; mercapto-modified ; damping ; POSS nanoparticles ; phthalonitrile polymers ; mechanical properties ; flame-retardant mechanism ; thiol-ene ‘click’ reaction ; POSS ; poly(?-caprolactone) ; siloxane-silsesquioxane resins ; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) ; surface properties ; fluoropolymer ; thiol–ene “click” reaction ; Monomethacryloxy POSS ; monodisperse ; thermogravimetry ; OLEDs ; fluorescent sensors ; double-decker-shaped silsesquioxane (DDSQ) ; dielectric constant ; composites ; organic-inorganic hybrids ; poly(?-caprolactone) nanocomposite ; POSS-based copolymer ; organic-inorganic crosslinking ; optoelectronics ; flame retardancy ; cone calorimeter tests ; lauryl methacrylate ; octa-ammonium POSS ; nitroaromatic explosives ; phthalonitrile-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane copolymers ; cyanate ester ; thermoplastic polyurethane ; sodium alginate ; giant surfactant ; benzoxazine ; thermal stability ; temperature responsiveness ; polymerization kinetics ; mechanical performance ; Si@C anode ; ridgid polyurethane foams ; epoxy resin ; grafting synthesis ; direct synthesis ; filler ; bridged silsesquioxane ; hydrophobic modification ; dispersion ; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes ; anchor effect ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book covers applied research on smart energy systems, smart grids, smart energy homes, smart energy products and services, and the advanced applications thereof, in the context of demand response and grid interactions. In particular, this book is focused on interdisciplinary research results that combine technical, social, environmental, and economic aspects of smart energy systems and smart energy products. Moreover, several chapters are based on the evaluation of real life cases, energy pilots, prototypes of smart energy products, and end user surveys and interviews.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; load duration curve ; n/a ; ancillary services ; electricity pricing ; renewable energy ; consumption patterns ; smart home technology ; self-consumption ; solar charging ; smart appliances ; spatial and temporal aggregation ; energy products and services ; solar mobility ; dynamic pricing ; frequency containment reserve ; heat pumps ; users ; FCR ; renewable energy transition ; privacy protection ; end-users ; self-sufficiency ; energy system analysis ; reliability ; photovoltaic systems ; stakeholders ; uncertainty ; smart grids ; flexibility ; prosumer ; demand shifting ; resonance instability ; energy management ; grid-connected inverter ; electricity market ; demand management ; smart metering ; photovoltaic ; aggregator ; smart product design ; internal attack ; pseudo-random function ; power quality ; power systems simulation ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The quality of water is not only a technological and scientific issue, but a social and economic problem, in both developed and developing countries. Besides local regulations, which differ between regions and need constant upgrades, significant scientific developments are required in both the detection and removal of water contaminants. This Issue focuses on some recent advancements in the photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants, which is one of the aspects of the problem that involves the need of advanced catalysts and implies significant advancements in the field of materials science and chemical engineering.
    Keywords: indigo carmine ; resin ; Dielectric Barrier Discharge ; adsorption ; regeneration ; anatase/brookite biphasic ; nitrogen-doping ; sol-gel method ; visible light photocatalysis ; degradation of dyes ; polyaniline ; titanium dioxide ; copper(II) oxide ; cobalt oxide(II,III) ; photocatalytic fuel cell ; graphitic carbon nitride ; Fe doping ; Z-scheme ; strontium aluminates ; dye photodecomposition ; hydrothermal reaction ; sol–gel method ; phosphorescence ; photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine B ; MIL-53(Fe) ; Ni/Fe-MOF ; visible light irradiation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Flexible Electronics platforms are increasingly used in the fields of sensors, displays, and energy conversion with the ultimate goal of facilitating their ubiquitous integration in our daily lives. Some of the key advantages associated with flexible electronic platforms are: bendability, lightweight, elastic, conformally shaped, nonbreakable, roll-to-roll manufacturable, and large-area. To realize their full potential, however, it is necessary to develop new methods for the fabrication of multifunctional flexible electronics at a reduced cost and with an increased resistance to mechanical fatigue. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase short communications, research papers, and review articles that focus on novel methodological development for the fabrication, and integration of flexible electronics in healthcare, environmental monitoring, displays and human-machine interactivity, robotics, communication and wireless networks, and energy conversion, management, and storage.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TK1-9971 ; T1-995 ; hydrophobic paper ; n/a ; conformal design ; stretchability ; stretchable circuits ; long-term plasticity ; tunnel encapsulation ; bio-integrated devices ; epidermal sensors ; artificial synapses ; droplet circuits ; stretchable electronics ; island-bridge ; bottom-up approaches ; liquid metal ; feedback control ; durability ; dry/wet conditions ; solution electronics ; nano-fabrication ; surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) ; electronic measurements ; Polyvinyl Alcohol ; wireless power ; quantum tunneling effect ; low-cost manufacture ; non-developable surface ; top-down approaches ; reliability ; microwave photonics ; tissue adhesives ; temperature sensor ; brain-like intelligence ; electron transport ; wearable stimulators ; variable optical attenuator (VOA) ; ionic conduction ; design metrics ; flexible electronics ; flexible organic electronics ; soft biological tissue ; neuromorphic computing ; wearable heater ; quantum computing ; epidermal electronics ; tunable adhesion ; paper electronics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book contains the latest research on machine learning and embedded computing in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). It encompasses research in detection, tracking, LiDAR
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; FPGA ; recurrence plot (RP) ; residual learning ; neural networks ; driver monitoring ; navigation ; depthwise separable convolution ; optimization ; dynamic path-planning algorithms ; object tracking ; sub-region ; cooperative systems ; convolutional neural networks ; DSRC ; VANET ; joystick ; road scene ; convolutional neural network (CNN) ; multi-sensor ; p-norm ; occlusion ; crash injury severity prediction ; deep leaning ; squeeze-and-excitation ; electric vehicles ; perception in challenging conditions ; T-S fuzzy neural network ; total vehicle mass of the front vehicle ; electrocardiogram (ECG) ; communications ; generative adversarial nets ; camera ; adaptive classifier updating ; Vehicle-to-X communications ; convolutional neural network ; predictive ; Geobroadcast ; infinity norm ; urban object detector ; machine learning ; automated-manual transition ; red light-running behaviors ; photoplethysmogram (PPG) ; panoramic image dataset ; parallel architectures ; visual tracking ; autopilot ; ADAS ; kinematic control ; GPU ; road lane detection ; obstacle detection and classification ; Gabor convolution kernel ; autonomous vehicle ; Intelligent Transport Systems ; driving decision-making model ; Gaussian kernel ; autonomous vehicles ; enhanced learning ; ethical and legal factors ; kernel based MIL algorithm ; image inpainting ; fusion ; terrestrial vehicle ; driverless ; drowsiness detection ; map generation ; object detection ; interface ; machine vision ; driving assistance ; blind spot detection ; deep learning ; relative speed ; autonomous driving assistance system ; discriminative correlation filter bank ; recurrent neural network ; emergency decisions ; LiDAR ; real-time object detection ; vehicle dynamics ; path planning ; actuation systems ; maneuver algorithm ; autonomous driving ; smart band ; the emergency situations ; two-wheeled ; support vector machine model ; global region ; biological vision ; automated driving ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Advances in miniaturization of sensors, actuators, and smart systems are receiving substantial industrial attention, and a wide variety of transducers are commercially available or with high potential to impact emerging markets. Substituting existing products based on bulk materials, in fields such as automotive, environment, food, robotics, medicine, biotechnology, communications, and other technologies, with reduced size, lower cost, and higher performance, is now possible, with potential for manufacturing using advanced silicon integrated circuits technology or alternative additive techniques from the mili- to the nano-scale. In this Special Issue, which is focused on piezoelectric transducers, a wide range of topics are covered, including the design, fabrication, characterization, packaging, and system integration or final applications of mili/micro/nano-electro-mechanical systems based transducers.
    Keywords: cylindrical composite ; piezoceramic/epoxy composite ; electromechanical characteristics ; transducer ; piezoelectric actuators ; positioning ; trajectory control ; numerical analysis ; trajectory planning ; square piezoelectric vibrator ; resonance ; piezoelectric diaphragm pump ; flexible support ; piezoelectric resonance pump ; piezoelectric ceramics actuators ; hysteresis modeling ; Bouc–Wen model ; P-type IL ; MFA control ; SM control ; evidence theory ; active vibration control ; piezoelectric smart structure ; piezoelectric material ; multiphysics simulation ; finite element method (FEM) ; fluid–structure interaction (FSI) ; micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) ; traveling waves ; piezoelectric ; microactuator ; MEMS ; piezoelectric current sensing device ; two-wire power cord ; cymbal structure ; force amplification effect ; sensitivity ; ciliary bodies touch beam ; piezoelectric tactile feedback devices ; anisotropic vibration tactile model ; human factor experiment ; nondestructive testing ; maturity method ; concrete early-age strength ; SmartRock ; ultrasonic waves ; PZT (piezoelectric) sensors ; structural health monitoring ; AlN thin film ; piezoelectric effect ; resonant accelerometer ; z-axis ; debonding ; non-destructive testing ; electromechanical impedance ; damage detection ; impedance-based technique ; damage depth ; piezoelectric vibration energy harvester ; frequency up-conversion mechanism ; impact ; PZT thick film ; piezoelectric ceramic materials ; Duhem model ; hysteresis model ; class-C power amplifier ; diode expander ; piezoelectric transducers ; point-of-care ultrasound systems ; transverse impact ; frequency up-conversion ; piezoelectric bimorph ; human-limb motion ; hybrid energy harvester ; cascade-connected transducer ; low frequency ; small size ; finite element ; acoustic telemetry ; measurement while drilling ; energy harvesting ; pipelines ; underwater networks ; wireless sensor networks ; control algorithm ; waterproof ; coating ; reliability ; flexible micro-devices ; aqueous environments ; seawater ; capacitive pressure sensors ; in-situ pressure sensing ; sensor characterization ; physiological applications ; cardiac output ; aluminum nitride ; resonator ; damping ; quality factor ; electromechanical coupling ; implantable middle ear hearing device ; piezoelectric transducer ; stimulating site ; finite element analysis ; hearing compensation ; adaptive lens ; piezoelectric devices ; fluid-structure interaction ; moving mesh ; thermal expansion ; COMSOL ; petroleum acoustical-logging ; piezoelectric cylindrical-shell transducer ; center-frequency ; experimental-measurement ; piezoelectricity ; visual servo control ; stepping motor ; nano-positioner ; stick-slip ; piezoelectric energy harvester ; cut-in wind speed ; cut-out wind speed ; energy conservation method ; critical stress method ; piezoelectric actuator ; lever mechanism ; analytical model ; stick-slip frication ; nanopositioning stage ; piezoelectric hysteresis ; mark point recognition ; piecewise fitting ; compensation control ; piezo-electromagnetic coupling ; up-conversion ; vibration energy harvester ; multi-directional vibration ; low frequency vibration ; hysteresis compensation ; single-neuron adaptive control ; Hebb learning rules ; supervised learning ; vibration-based energy harvesting ; multimodal structures ; frequency tuning ; nonlinear resonator ; bistability ; magnetostatic force ; robot ; miniature ; traveling wave ; leg ; piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) ; asymmetric hysteresis ; Prandtl–Ishlinskii (PI) model ; polynomial-modified PI (PMPI) model ; feedforward hysteresis compensation ; PIN-PMN-PT ; 1-3 composite ; high frequency ; phased array ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The fluid flow in fracture porous media plays a significant role in the assessment of deep underground reservoirs, such as through CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy development. Many methods have been employed—from laboratory experimentation to theoretical analysis and numerical simulations—and allowed for many useful conclusions. This Special Issue aims to report on the current advances related to this topic. This collection of 58 papers represents a wide variety of topics, including on granite permeability investigation, grouting, coal mining, roadway, and concrete, to name but a few. We sincerely hope that the papers published in this Special Issue will be an invaluable resource for our readers.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; deformation feature ; minerals ; microstructure ; mixing ; permeability ; gas concentration ; water–rock interaction ; loose gangue backfill material ; unified pipe-network method ; fracture ; roof-cutting resistance ; crack ; similar-material ; movable fluid ; gob-side entry retaining (GER) ; rock-soil mechanics ; bed separation ; orthogonal tests ; charge separation ; water soaked height ; fluid flow in reclaimed soil ; laboratory experiment ; longwall mining ; grading broken gangue ; MIP ; elastic modulus ; effective stress ; permeability coefficient ; mixer ; naturally fracture ; SEM ; microstructure characteristics ; artificial joint rock ; fractured rock ; strata movement ; conservative solute ; particle velocity ; dry-wet cycles ; hydraulic fractures ; numerical calculation ; mechanical behaviors ; normalized conductivity-influence function ; fractured porous rock mass ; PPCZ ; segmented grouting ; non-aqueous phase liquid ; intelligent torque rheometer ; numerical analysis ; temperature ; unsaturated soil ; uniaxial compressive strength ; mine shaft ; coalbed methane (CBM) ; nonlinear flow in fractured porous media ; similar simulation ; forecasting ; tight sandstones ; oriented perforation ; hydro-mechanical coupling ; constant normal stiffness conditions ; cohesive soils ; layered progressive grouting ; chemical grouts ; grain size of sand ; Darcy’s law ; soft coal masses ; hydro-power ; cyclic heating and cooling ; cohesive element method ; cement-based paste discharge ; tectonically deformed coal ; split grouting ; fault water inrush ; filtration effects ; T-stress ; particle flow modeling ; new cementitious material ; strength ; stabilization ; fractured porous medium ; brine concentration ; initial water contained in sand ; XRD ; fracture criteria ; hydraulic conductivity ; roadway deformation ; backfill mining ; adsorption/desorption properties ; pore pressure ; roughness ; cement–silicate grout ; compressive stress ; discrete element method ; dynamic characteristics ; strain-based percolation model ; thermal-hydrological-chemical interactions ; pore distribution characteristics ; transversely isotropic rocks ; nitric acid modification ; disaster-causing mechanism ; CH4 seepage ; crack distribution characteristics ; micro-CT ; relief excavation ; Darcy flow ; hydraulic fracturing ; mixed-form formulation ; propagation ; scanning electron microscope (SEM) images ; propagation pattern ; consolidation process ; rheological deformation ; gas adsorption ; soft filling medium ; ground pressure ; orthogonal ratio test ; rock fracture ; coal seams ; high-steep slope ; interface ; orthogonal test ; stress interference ; physical and mechanical parameters ; fracture propagation ; fluid–solid coupling theory ; coupling model ; surface characteristics ; numerical manifold method ; gas ; lignite ; water inrush prevention ; coupled THM model ; hard and thick magmatic rocks ; Ordos Basin ; porosity ; damage mechanics ; seepage ; degradation mechanism ; high temperature ; visualization system ; bentonite-sand mixtures ; contamination ; conductivity-influence function ; water-rock interaction ; deterioration ; seepage pressure ; glutenite ; adhesion efficiency ; mechanical behavior transition ; bedding plane orientation ; n/a ; enhanced gas recovery ; debris-resisting barriers ; reinforcement mechanism ; on-site monitoring ; geophysical prospecting ; cyclic wetting-drying ; scoops3D ; semi-analytical solution ; enhanced permeability ; management period ; seepage control ; deformation ; Yellow River Embankment ; impeded drainage boundary ; rheological test ; circular closed reservoir ; grout penetration ; viscoelastic fluid ; coal-like material ; paste-like slurry ; floor failure depth ; supercritical CO2 ; gravel ; numerical model ; fractal ; gas-bearing coal ; shear-flow coupled test ; rheological limit strain ; CO2 flooding ; flotation ; goaf ; slope stability ; damage ; coal and gas outburst ; hydraulic fracture ; anisotropy ; high-order ; effluents ; FLAC ; limestone roof ; sandstone ; TG/DTG ; Xinjiang ; two-phase flow ; model experiment ; coal particle ; volumetric strain ; failure mode ; land reclamation ; sandstone and mudstone particles ; contiguous seams ; CO2 geological storage ; numerical simulation ; geogrid ; stress relief ; optimum proportioning ; roadside backfill body (RBB) ; pervious concrete ; mudstone ; hydraulic fracture network ; grouted sand ; fractal pore characteristics ; refraction law ; segmented rheological model ; ductile failure ; heterogeneity ; flow law ; fracture closure ; coal measures sandstone ; tight sandstone gas reservoirs ; gob behaviors ; water-dripping roadway ; creep characteristics ; internal erosion ; warning levels of fault water inrush ; hydraulic aperture ; bolt support ; discontinuous natural fracture ; microscopic morphology ; critical hydraulic gradient ; mixed mode fracture resistance ; differential settlement ; alternate strata ; finite element method ; crushing ratio ; chloride ; glauberite cavern for storing oil &amp ; macroscopic mechanical behaviors ; collision angle ; adsorption performance ; failure mechanism ; mechanical properties ; transmissivity ; damage evolution ; gas fracturing ; multitude parameters ; deviatoric stress ; Jiaohe ; coal ; soil properties ; acoustic emission ; pore structure ; grouting experiment ; concrete ; confining pressures ; green mining ; gas drainage ; fluid viscosity ; compression deformation ; Unsaturation ; adsorption–desorption ; seepage-creep ; constitutive model ; soil particle size ; Pseudo Steady-State (PPS) constant ; soil–structure interface ; debris flow ; fracture grouting ; initial settlement position ; regression equation ; electrical potential ; secondary fracture ; surrounding rock ; solid backfill coal mining ; time variation ; excess pore-pressures ; finite-conductivity fracture ; permeability characteristics ; rainfall-unstable soil coupling mechanism(R-USCM) ; shaft lining ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In order to measure and quantify the complex behavior of real-world systems, either novel mathematical approaches or modifications of classical ones are required to precisely predict, monitor, and control complicated chaotic and stochastic processes. Though the term of entropy comes from Greek and emphasizes its analogy to energy, today, it has wandered to different branches of pure and applied sciences and is understood in a rather rough way, with emphasis placed on the transition from regular to chaotic states, stochastic and deterministic disorder, and uniform and non-uniform distribution or decay of diversity. This collection of papers addresses the notion of entropy in a very broad sense. The presented manuscripts follow from different branches of mathematical/physical sciences, natural/social sciences, and engineering-oriented sciences with emphasis placed on the complexity of dynamical systems. Topics like timing chaos and spatiotemporal chaos, bifurcation, synchronization and anti-synchronization, stability, lumped mass and continuous mechanical systems modeling, novel nonlinear phenomena, and resonances are discussed.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; nonautonomous (autonomous) dynamical system ; stabilization ; multi-time scale fractional stochastic differential equations ; conditional Tsallis entropy ; wavelet transform ; hyperchaotic system ; Chua’s system ; permutation entropy ; neural network method ; Information transfer ; self-synchronous stream cipher ; colored noise ; Benettin method ; method of synchronization ; topological entropy ; geometric nonlinearity ; Kantz method ; dynamical system ; Gaussian white noise ; phase-locked loop ; wavelets ; Rosenstein method ; m-dimensional manifold ; deterministic chaos ; disturbation ; Mittag–Leffler function ; approximate entropy ; bounded chaos ; Adomian decomposition ; fractional calculus ; product MV-algebra ; Tsallis entropy ; descriptor fractional linear systems ; analytical solution ; fractional Brownian motion ; true chaos ; discrete mapping ; partition ; unbounded chaos ; fractional stochastic partial differential equation ; noise induced transitions ; random number generator ; Fourier spectrum ; hidden attractors ; (asymptotical) focal entropy point ; regular pencils ; continuous flow ; Bernoulli–Euler beam ; image encryption ; Gauss wavelets ; Lyapunov exponents ; discrete fractional calculus ; Lorenz system ; Schur factorization ; discrete chaos ; Wolf method ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent decades, the field of computational fluid dynamics has made significant advances in enabling advanced computing architectures to understand many phenomena in biological, geophysical, and engineering fluid flows. Almost all research areas in fluids use numerical methods at various complexities: from molecular to continuum descriptions; from laminar to turbulent regimes; from low speed to hypersonic, from stencil-based computations to meshless approaches; from local basis functions to global expansions, as well as from first-order approximation to high-order with spectral accuracy. Many successful efforts have been put forth in dynamic adaptation strategies, e.g., adaptive mesh refinement and multiresolution representation approaches. Furthermore, with recent advances in artificial intelligence and heterogeneous computing, the broader fluids community has gained the momentum to revisit and investigate such practices. This Special Issue, containing a collection of 13 papers, brings together researchers to address recent numerical advances in fluid mechanics.
    Keywords: fluid–structure interaction ; monolithic method ; Updated Lagrangian ; Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ; computational aerodynamics ; Kutta condition ; compressible flow ; stream function ; non-linear Schrödinger equation ; cubic B-spline basis functions ; Galerkin method ; pressure tunnel ; hydraulic fracturing ; transient flow ; finite element method (FEM) ; Abaqus Finite Element Analysis (FEA) ; computational fluid dynamics ; RANS closures ; uncertainty quantification ; Reynolds stress tensor ; backward-facing step ; OpenFOAM ; large eddy simulations (LES) ; shock capturing ; adaptive filter ; explicit filtering ; jet ; proper orthogonal decomposition ; coherent structures ; turbulence ; vector flow fields ; PIV ; buildings ; urban area ; pollution dispersion ; Large Eddy Simulation (LES) ; multiple drop impact ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation ; volume-of-fluid ; crater dimensions ; vorticity ; transient incompressible Navier-Stokes ; meshless point collocation method ; stream function-vorticity formulation ; strong form ; explicit time integration ; wall layer model ; LES ; separated flow ; body fitted ; immersed boundary ; reduced order modeling ; Kolmogorov n-width ; Galerkin projection ; turbulent flows ; reduced order model ; closure model ; variational multiscale method ; deep residual neural network ; internal combustion engines ; liquid-cooling system ; heat transfer ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book gives an overview of the state of the art in Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation research for the treatment of industrial and urban wastewaters and provides novel solutions to overcome the current challenges of this technology. These solutions include tailoring of the catalysts to exploit the use of additional energy sources and oxidants. The collected papers illustrate the high versatility of this low-cost technology, easily adaptable to any kind of wastewater, either polluted by high-loaded recalcitrant organics in industrial wastewaters or by emerging pollutants at microconcentration levels in urban waters.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; toxicity ; autocatalytic kinetics ; n/a ; fouling ; degradation ; H2O2 ; Fenton system ; crystal violet ; goethite ; water treatment ; Fenton reaction ; emerging micro-pollutants ; ligands ; wastewater ; adsorption ; potable reuse ; wet air oxidation ; solar radiation ; iron leaching ; 1 ; catalytic wet peroxidation ; autocombustion ; 4-dioxane ; antibiotics ; iron redox cycle ; advanced oxidation processes ; wet peroxide oxidation ; chemical oxygen demand ; circumneutral pH ; waste valorization ; wastewater treatment ; gold-based catalysts ; chlorobenzenes ; heterogeneous Fenton ; photocatalysis ; WO3/n?-Al2O3 ; CDots/g-C3N4 ; condensation by-products nature ; cost ; hydroxylamine ; biochemical oxygen demand ; condensation by-products ; advanced oxidation technology ; EDTA ; Tris ; hydroxyl radical ; radiation ; wastewater effluent ; water matrix ; catalytic wet peroxide oxidation ; phenol degradation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Advanced Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a research facility instrument on NASA’s Terra spacecraft. We celebrated the 20th anniversary of ASTER’s launch in December 1999. ASTER has been providing high spatial resolution multispectral data in the VNIR, SWIR, and TIR regions, and along-track stereo data. Starting April 2016, ASTER data have been distributed to the public at no cost. Another important and the most popular data set is the ASTER Global DEM, which covers almost the entire land surface at a 30 m grid size. ASTER data have been widely used in a variety of application areas such as land surface mapping and change detection, volcano and other natural hazard monitoring, mineral exploration, and urban heat island monitoring. This Special Issue consists of 12 papers (2 reviews, 9 articles, and 1 technical note) and covers topics including development of new techniques to process ASTER data, calibration activities to ensure long-term consistency of ASTER data, validation of the ASTER data products, and scientific achievements using ASTER data.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; emissivity ; n/a ; vicarious calibration ; digital elevation model ; optical sensor ; loess ; Terra ASTER ; land-surface temperature ; lithological mapping ; sediment transport pathways ; Mosaic ; validation ; thermal infrared ; Terra MODIS ; True Color imagery ; ASTER multispectral data ; fluvial ; water body detection ; morphology ; MOD35 ; lunar calibration ; cloud coverage ; volcanic processes ; Wudalianchi volcano ; Ming Dynasty ; Artificial Neural Network ; permafrost ; ASTER ; Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) ; stereo ; erosion ; Mako ; geologic mapping ; Algodones ; future concepts ; 3D perspective view ; observation scheduler ; earthen Great Wall ; thermal infrared data ; lithology ; mineral exploration ; VNIR ; cloud mask ; cloud avoidance ; aeolian ; phase change ; mission operations ; temperature ; global database ; zero curtain effect ; image archive ; mineral system ; deposition ; DEM ; MODIS ; success rate ; uncertain flag ; TES algorithm ; ASTER instrument ; radiometric calibration ; mineral mapping ; atmospheric correction ; TIR ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: With the advent of disruptive digital technologies, companies are facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Advanced manufacturing systems are of paramount importance in making key enabling technologies and new products more competitive, affordable, and accessible, as well as for fostering their economic and social impact. The manufacturing industry also serves as an innovator for sustainability since automation coupled with advanced manufacturing technologies have helped manufacturing practices transition into the circular economy. To that end, this Special Issue of the journal Applied Sciences, devoted to the broad field of Smart Sustainable Manufacturing Systems, explores recent research into the concepts, methods, tools, and applications for smart sustainable manufacturing, in order to advance and promote the development of modern and intelligent manufacturing systems. In light of the above, this Special Issue is a collection of the latest research on relevant topics and addresses the current challenging issues associated with the introduction of smart sustainable manufacturing systems. Various topics have been addressed in this Special Issue, which focuses on the design of sustainable production systems and factories; industrial big data analytics and cyberphysical systems; intelligent maintenance approaches and technologies for increased operating life of production systems; zero-defect manufacturing strategies, tools and methods towards online production management; and connected smart factories.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; sensitivity analysis ; customized demand ; dynamic supply chain design ; additive manufacturing ; sensor function ; deteriorating systems ; big data ; connected smart factories ; operations management ; kernel density estimation ; development ; efficiency ; hybrid laminate ; managerial commitment ; productivity benefits ; particle map ; pace ; car-sharing ; particle defect management ; case study ; quality ; semiconductor manufacturing process ; open innovation ; circular economy ; remanufacturing ; sustainability evaluation ; multi-usable cloud service platform ; knowledge-based engineering ; sustainable manufacturing ; Dempster–Shafer evidence theory ; Transport Sustainability Index ; Industry 4.0 ; knowledge management ; collective intelligence ; analytic hierarchy process ; TPM ; flexibility ; manufacturing process innovation ; data collection and analytics ; smart factory ; intelligent machining ; computer-aided innovation ; implementation ; improvement ; piezoceramic compound ; sheet metal forming ; production planning ; impact detection ; maintenance ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Industry 4.0 paradigm has led to the creation of new opportunities for taking advantage of a set of diverse technologies in the manufacturing domain. This book touches on a series of advanced technologies and research fields, including Internet of Things, Augmented and Virtual Reality, Machine Learning, Advanced Robotics, Additive Manufacturing, System and Process Simulation, Computer-Aided Design/Engineering/Manufacturing/Process Planning Systems as well as Product Lifecycle Management Platforms. The topics covered span a series of diverse areas related to a) product design and development, b) manufacturing systems and operations, c) process engineering, and d) Industry 4.0 technologies review and realization.
    Keywords: computer-aided tolerance ; processing features degradation ; skin model shape ; statistical tolerance analysis ; tolerance allocation ; collaborative learning ; engineering graphics ; PLM ; 3D modeling ; engineering education ; Industry 4.0 ; index ; smart ; intensity of technology ; manufacturing ; implementation ; statistical process control ; pattern recognition ; long short-term memory ; feature learning ; control chart ; histogram ; digital hydraulic technology ; digital hydraulic components ; digital hydraulic system ; shearer ; virtual reality ; path planning ; automatic height-adjusting ; Unity3D technology ; Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) ; manipulator ; motion planning ; obstacle avoidance ; complex environment ; exoskeletons ; planning methods ; ergonomics ; time management ; augmented reality ; maintenance ; real-time ; digital twin ; decision support system ; factor analysis ; KPI ; quantitative analysis ; root-cause analysis ; life cycle ; knowledge- and technology-intensive industry (KTI) ; VUCA ; key enabling technology (KET) ; Operator 4.0 ; cyber-physical system (CPS) ; DfHFinI4.0 ; PERA 4.0 ; process planning ; scheduling ; design for additive manufacturing ; multiple criteria ; SMEs ; technologies ; cluster analysis ; maturity model ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 77
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The fluid flow in fracture porous media plays a significant role in the assessment of deep underground reservoirs, such as through CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy development. Many methods have been employed—from laboratory experimentation to theoretical analysis and numerical simulations—and allowed for many useful conclusions. This Special Issue aims to report on the current advances related to this topic. This collection of 58 papers represents a wide variety of topics, including on granite permeability investigation, grouting, coal mining, roadway, and concrete, to name but a few. We sincerely hope that the papers published in this Special Issue will be an invaluable resource for our readers.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; deformation feature ; minerals ; microstructure ; mixing ; permeability ; gas concentration ; water–rock interaction ; loose gangue backfill material ; unified pipe-network method ; fracture ; roof-cutting resistance ; crack ; similar-material ; movable fluid ; gob-side entry retaining (GER) ; rock-soil mechanics ; bed separation ; orthogonal tests ; charge separation ; water soaked height ; fluid flow in reclaimed soil ; laboratory experiment ; longwall mining ; grading broken gangue ; MIP ; elastic modulus ; effective stress ; permeability coefficient ; mixer ; naturally fracture ; SEM ; microstructure characteristics ; artificial joint rock ; fractured rock ; strata movement ; conservative solute ; particle velocity ; dry-wet cycles ; hydraulic fractures ; numerical calculation ; mechanical behaviors ; normalized conductivity-influence function ; fractured porous rock mass ; PPCZ ; segmented grouting ; non-aqueous phase liquid ; intelligent torque rheometer ; numerical analysis ; temperature ; unsaturated soil ; uniaxial compressive strength ; mine shaft ; coalbed methane (CBM) ; nonlinear flow in fractured porous media ; similar simulation ; forecasting ; tight sandstones ; oriented perforation ; hydro-mechanical coupling ; constant normal stiffness conditions ; cohesive soils ; layered progressive grouting ; chemical grouts ; grain size of sand ; Darcy’s law ; soft coal masses ; hydro-power ; cyclic heating and cooling ; cohesive element method ; cement-based paste discharge ; tectonically deformed coal ; split grouting ; fault water inrush ; filtration effects ; T-stress ; particle flow modeling ; new cementitious material ; strength ; stabilization ; fractured porous medium ; brine concentration ; initial water contained in sand ; XRD ; fracture criteria ; hydraulic conductivity ; roadway deformation ; backfill mining ; adsorption/desorption properties ; pore pressure ; roughness ; cement–silicate grout ; compressive stress ; discrete element method ; dynamic characteristics ; strain-based percolation model ; thermal-hydrological-chemical interactions ; pore distribution characteristics ; transversely isotropic rocks ; nitric acid modification ; disaster-causing mechanism ; CH4 seepage ; crack distribution characteristics ; micro-CT ; relief excavation ; Darcy flow ; hydraulic fracturing ; mixed-form formulation ; propagation ; scanning electron microscope (SEM) images ; propagation pattern ; consolidation process ; rheological deformation ; gas adsorption ; soft filling medium ; ground pressure ; orthogonal ratio test ; rock fracture ; coal seams ; high-steep slope ; interface ; orthogonal test ; stress interference ; physical and mechanical parameters ; fracture propagation ; fluid–solid coupling theory ; coupling model ; surface characteristics ; numerical manifold method ; gas ; lignite ; water inrush prevention ; coupled THM model ; hard and thick magmatic rocks ; Ordos Basin ; porosity ; damage mechanics ; seepage ; degradation mechanism ; high temperature ; visualization system ; bentonite-sand mixtures ; contamination ; conductivity-influence function ; water-rock interaction ; deterioration ; seepage pressure ; glutenite ; adhesion efficiency ; mechanical behavior transition ; bedding plane orientation ; n/a ; enhanced gas recovery ; debris-resisting barriers ; reinforcement mechanism ; on-site monitoring ; geophysical prospecting ; cyclic wetting-drying ; scoops3D ; semi-analytical solution ; enhanced permeability ; management period ; seepage control ; deformation ; Yellow River Embankment ; impeded drainage boundary ; rheological test ; circular closed reservoir ; grout penetration ; viscoelastic fluid ; coal-like material ; paste-like slurry ; floor failure depth ; supercritical CO2 ; gravel ; numerical model ; fractal ; gas-bearing coal ; shear-flow coupled test ; rheological limit strain ; CO2 flooding ; flotation ; goaf ; slope stability ; damage ; coal and gas outburst ; hydraulic fracture ; anisotropy ; high-order ; effluents ; FLAC ; limestone roof ; sandstone ; TG/DTG ; Xinjiang ; two-phase flow ; model experiment ; coal particle ; volumetric strain ; failure mode ; land reclamation ; sandstone and mudstone particles ; contiguous seams ; CO2 geological storage ; numerical simulation ; geogrid ; stress relief ; optimum proportioning ; roadside backfill body (RBB) ; pervious concrete ; mudstone ; hydraulic fracture network ; grouted sand ; fractal pore characteristics ; refraction law ; segmented rheological model ; ductile failure ; heterogeneity ; flow law ; fracture closure ; coal measures sandstone ; tight sandstone gas reservoirs ; gob behaviors ; water-dripping roadway ; creep characteristics ; internal erosion ; warning levels of fault water inrush ; hydraulic aperture ; bolt support ; discontinuous natural fracture ; microscopic morphology ; critical hydraulic gradient ; mixed mode fracture resistance ; differential settlement ; alternate strata ; finite element method ; crushing ratio ; chloride ; glauberite cavern for storing oil &amp ; macroscopic mechanical behaviors ; collision angle ; adsorption performance ; failure mechanism ; mechanical properties ; transmissivity ; damage evolution ; gas fracturing ; multitude parameters ; deviatoric stress ; Jiaohe ; coal ; soil properties ; acoustic emission ; pore structure ; grouting experiment ; concrete ; confining pressures ; green mining ; gas drainage ; fluid viscosity ; compression deformation ; Unsaturation ; adsorption–desorption ; seepage-creep ; constitutive model ; soil particle size ; Pseudo Steady-State (PPS) constant ; soil–structure interface ; debris flow ; fracture grouting ; initial settlement position ; regression equation ; electrical potential ; secondary fracture ; surrounding rock ; solid backfill coal mining ; time variation ; excess pore-pressures ; finite-conductivity fracture ; permeability characteristics ; rainfall-unstable soil coupling mechanism(R-USCM) ; shaft lining ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO), which transmits multiple data streams via multiple antenna elements, is one of the most attractive technologies in the wireless communication field. Its extension, called ‘massive MIMO’ or ‘large-scale MIMO’, in which base station has over one hundred of the antenna elements, is now seen as a promising candidate to realize 5G and beyond, as well as 6G mobile communications. It has been the first decade since its fundamental concept emerged. This Special Issue consists of 19 papers and each of them focuses on a popular topic related to massive MIMO systems, e.g. analog/digital hybrid signal processing, antenna fabrication, and machine learning incorporation. These achievements could boost its realization and deepen the academic and industrial knowledge of this field.
    Keywords: distributed massive MIMO ; phase noise ; amplified thermal noise ; spectral efficiency ; 5G ; massive MIMO ; computational efficiency ; precoding algorithms ; channel estimation ; far-field ; antenna array ; diagnosis procedure ; noisy data ; BCS ; millimeter-wave ; energy efficiency ; pilot contamination ; quantization noise ; massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) ; distributed antenna systems (DAS) ; sounding reference signal (SRS) ; Massive MIMO ; pilot decontamination ; MSE ; dynamic user scheduling ; dynamic pilot allocation ; beamforming ; line-of-sight ; Ricean fading ; frequency-selective ; power scaling ; hybrid beamforming ; HetNets ; mmWaves ; analog multi-beam ; hybrid beam-forming ; PHY layer ; MAC layer ; pilot assignment ; large-scale fading coefficients ; Bayesian inference ; overcomplete dictionary ; diamond-ring slot ; dual-polarized antenna ; mobile-phone antenna ; pattern diversity ; Metamaterials (MTM) ; leaky-wave antenna (LWA) ; antenna arrays ; substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) ; transverse slots ; beam-scanning ; mutual coupling isolation ; millimetre-wave ; composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) ; 5G wireless networks ; non-coherent detection ; QAM ; multi-user MIMO ; space division multiple access (SDMA) ; block diagonalization (BD) ; non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) ; broadcast channel ; discontinuous deception ; multiple beam communications ; artificial intelligence ; wireless communications ; non-orthogonal unicast and multicast transmission ; statistical channel state information ; beam domain ; massive MIMO systems ; MIDE algorithm ; low computational complexity ; BER ; resource allocation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This collection of articles addresses the most modern forms of loss reserving methodology: granular models and machine learning models. New methodologies come with questions about their applicability. These questions are discussed in one article, which focuses on the relative merits of granular and machine learning models. Others illustrate applications with real-world data. The examples include neural networks, which, though well known in some disciplines, have previously been limited in the actuarial literature. This volume expands on that literature, with specific attention to their application to loss reserving. For example, one of the articles introduces the application of neural networks of the gated recurrent unit form to the actuarial literature, whereas another uses a penalized neural network. Neural networks are not the only form of machine learning, and two other papers outline applications of gradient boosting and regression trees respectively. Both articles construct loss reserves at the individual claim level so that these models resemble granular models. One of these articles provides a practical application of the model to claim watching, the action of monitoring claim development and anticipating major features. Such watching can be used as an early warning system or for other administrative purposes. Overall, this volume is an extremely useful addition to the libraries of those working at the loss reserving frontier.
    Keywords: TJ1-1570 ; TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; granular models ; neural networks ; actuarial ; payments per claim incurred ; risk pricing ; machine learning ; claim watching ; loss reserving ; gradient boosting ; predictive modeling ; classification and regression trees ; individual models ; individual claims reserving ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering::TDCW Pharmaceutical chemistry and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The problem of solving complex engineering problems has always been a major topic in all industrial fields, such as aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering. The use of numerical methods has increased exponentially in the last few years, due to modern computers in the field of structural mechanics. Moreover, a wide range of numerical methods have been presented in the literature for solving such problems. Structural mechanics problems are dealt with using partial differential systems of equations that might be solved by following the two main classes of methods: Domain-decomposition methods or the so-called finite element methods and mesh-free methods where no decomposition is carried out. Both methodologies discretize a partial differential system into a set of algebraic equations that can be easily solved by computer implementation. The aim of the present Special Issue is to present a collection of recent works on these themes and a comparison of the novel advancements of both worlds in structural mechanics applications.
    Keywords: direction field ; tensor line ; principal stress ; tailored fiber placement ; heat conduction ; finite elements ; space-time ; elastodynamics ; mesh adaptation ; non-circular deep tunnel ; complex variables ; conformal mapping ; elasticity ; numerical simulation ; numerical modeling ; joint static strength ; finite element method ; parametric investigation ; reinforced joint (collar and doubler plate) ; nonlocal elasticity theory ; Galerkin weighted residual FEM ; silicon carbide nanowire ; silver nanowire ; gold nanowire ; biostructure ; rostrum ; paddlefish ; Polyodon spathula ; maximum-flow/minimum-cut ; stress patterns ; finite element modelling ; laminated composite plates ; non-uniform mechanical properties ; panel method ; marine propeller ; noise ; FW-H equations ; experimental test ; continuation methods ; bifurcations ; limit points ; cohesive elements ; functionally graded materials ; porosity distributions ; first-order shear deformation theory ; shear correction factor ; higher-order shear deformation theory ; equivalent single-layer approach ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Investigation of the effect of casting and crystallization on the structure and properties of the resulting light alloys and, in particular, research connected with detailed analysis of the microstructure of light alloys obtained using various external influences of ultrasonic, vibration, magnetic, and mechanical processing on the casting and crystallization are discussed. Research on the study of introduction of additives (modifiers, reinforcers, including nanosized ones, etc.) into the melt during the crystallization process, the technological properties of casting (fluidity, segregation, shrinkage, etc.), the structure and physicomechanical properties of light alloys are also included.
    Keywords: aluminum alloy ; titanium diboride ; master alloy ; structure ; mechanical properties ; aluminum ; alumina nanoparticles ; microstructure ; elastic limit ; strength ; Al/SiC composite ; porosity in composites ; finite element analysis ; Al–Mg–Si ; α-Al8(Fe2Mn)Si particles ; solution treatment ; ageing ; dissolution of Fe ; Differential Scanning Calorimetry ; casting speed ; solidification ; Ohno continuous casting ; gravity casting ; dendritic spacing ; composite materials ; hypereutectic aluminum alloys ; Al-Zn-Mg alloys ; rapid solidification ; eutectic ; CALPHAD ; intermetallics ; precipitation hardening ; aluminum-zirconium wire alloys ; electromagnetic casting ; drawing ; electrical conductivity ; phase composition ; nanoparticles ; friction stir processing ; aluminum alloys ; copper alloys ; titanium alloys ; magnesium alloys ; subsurface gradient structures ; surface modification ; hardening with reinforcing particles ; hybrid in situ surfaces ; friction stir welding ; grade 2 titanium alloy ; ZhS6U Ni-based superalloy ; welding tool ; tool wear ; structure formation ; adhesion ; metal transfer ; in-situ friction stir process ; Al-Cu metallomatrix composite ; intermetallic compounds ; diffusion-controlled reactions ; Al-Cu eutectics ; intermetallides ; hydrides ; TiAl system ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Bionanoparticles such as microorganisms and exosomes are recoganized as important targets for clinical applications, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Other nanoscale biological particles, includeing liposomes, micelles, and functionalized polymeric particles are widely used in nanomedicines. The recent deveopment of microfluidic and nanofluidic technologies has enabled the separation and anslysis of these species in a lab-on-a-chip platform, while there are still many challenges to address before these analytical tools can be adopted in practice. For example, the complex matrices within which these species reside in create a high background for their detection. Their small dimension and often low concentration demand creative strategies to amplify the sensing signal and enhance the detection speed. This Special Issue aims to recruit recent discoveries and developments of micro- and nanofluidic strategies for the processing and analysis of biological nanoparticles. The collection of papers will hopefully bring out more innovative ideas and fundamental insights to overcome the hurdles faced in the separation and detection of bionanoparticles.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; magnetic field ; microfluidic device ; ballpoint pen printing ; paper-based microfluidic device ; online analysis ; nanoporous membrane ; dielectric film ; digital microfluidic chip ; HIV diagnostics ; precipitation ; optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) ; digital microfluidic device ; fluorescence ; ferrofluids ; cancer metastasis ; flow focusing ; image processing ; electrowetting ; light diffraction ; lensfree ; nanoparticle characterization ; multi-step assay ; cell isolation ; biomarker detection ; microparticles ; conductive electrode ; single particle analysis ; plastic wrap ; second-hand smoke ; flow control ; surface acoustic wave ; droplet actuation ; circulating tumour cells (CTCs) ; lipid nanoparticles ; crop disease ; cross-flow filtration ; oxidized hollow mesoporous carbon nanosphere ; microfluidic systems ; 3-ethenylpyridine ; microfluidic ; microfluidics ; COMSOL ; plug flow mixer ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Electromagnetism plays a crucial role in basic and applied physics research. The discovery of electromagnetism as the unifying theory for electricity and magnetism represents a cornerstone in modern physics. Symmetry was crucial to the concept of unification: electromagnetism was soon formulated as a gauge theory in which local phase symmetry explained its mathematical formulation. This early connection between symmetry and electromagnetism shows that a symmetry-based approach to many electromagnetic phenomena is recurrent, even today. Moreover, many recent technological advances are based on the control of electromagnetic radiation in nearly all its spectra and scales, the manipulation of matter–radiation interactions with unprecedented levels of sophistication, or new generations of electromagnetic materials. This is a fertile field for applications and for basic understanding in which symmetry, as in the past, bridges apparently unrelated phenomena―from condensed matter to high-energy physics. In this book, we present modern contributions in which symmetry proves its value as a key tool. From dual-symmetry electrodynamics to applications to sustainable smart buildings, or magnetocardiography, we can find a plentiful crop, full of exciting examples of modern approaches to electromagnetism. In all cases, symmetry sheds light on the theoretical and applied works presented in this book.
    Keywords: electromagnetic knots ; helicity ; spin-orbital momentum ; magnetocardiography ; quadratic penalty ; variational mode decomposition ; correlation coefficient ; interval thresholding method ; periodic structures ; dispersion diagram ; high-order coupling ; glide symmetry ; smart building ; harmonics ; geometric algebra ; Poynting Multivector ; electric-magnetic duality symmetry ; quantum anomalies ; optical helicity ; electromagnetic polarization ; particle creation ; Maxwell theory ; constraint equations ; evolutionary equations ; Barium hexaferrite ; titanium ; hysteresis ; X-ray diffraction ; permanent magnet applications ; n/a ; hopfion ; Bateman construction ; null fields ; magnetic levitation ; electrodynamic structure ; ground high speed system ; finite element analysis ; non-local action ; electrodynamics ; electromagnetic duality symmetry ; Aharonov-Bohm effect ; Harvesting ; low-power applications ; vibration ; micro-generator ; optimal solution ; magnetic circuit ; periodical structure ; effective power density ; symmetry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Advances in materials are crucial to the development of sports equipment, from tennis rackets to skis to running shoes. Materials-driven improvements in equipment have helped athletes perform better, while enhancing safety and making sport more accessible and enjoyable. This book brings together a collection of 10 papers on the topic of sports materials, as published in a Special Issue of Applied Sciences. The papers within this book cover a range of sports, including golf, tennis, table tennis and baseball. State-of-the-art engineering techniques, such as finite element modelling, impact testing and full-field strain measurement, are applied to help further our understanding of sports equipment mechanics and the role of materials, with a view to improving performance, enhancing safety and facilitating informed regulatory decision making. The book also includes papers that describe emerging and novel materials, including auxetic materials with their negative Poisson’s ratio (fattening when stretched) and knits made of bamboo charcoal. This collection of papers should serve as a useful resource for sports engineers working in both academia and industry, as well as engineering students who are interested in sports equipment and materials.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; foam ; finite element ; sportswear textiles ; cannon ; textiles ; impact attenuation ; shockpad ; foam protective mats ; robot ; additive manufacturing ; indentation ; bat ; rubber ; slope of grain ; wood ; injury ; strain ; impact ; durability ; protective equipment ; mechanical properties ; artificial turf ; strain propagation ; auxetic foam ; sports safety ; torsion ; quick-dry yarn ; concussion ; baseball ; finite element modelling ; polymer ; strain rate ; Charpy ; protection ; rate dependence ; functional composite yarns ; impact testing ; golf ; helmet ; architecture ; auxetic ; clubhead ; digital image correlation ; finite element analysis ; tennis ; comfort ; negative Poisson’s ratio ; friction ; bamboo charcoal yarn ; EFG method ; sport ; finite elements ; shaft ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The recovery of solid wastes for the preparation of innovative composite materials not only represents an economic advantage, but also offers an ecological opportunity for the utilization of by-products which would otherwise be landfilled. Specifically, the reuse and recycling of waste lead to important savings of raw materials and energy, since these by-products, generally deriv from agricultural or industrial activities, are abundant in nature. Moreover, a reduction of the environmental and related sanitary impacts can be also achieved. For this reason, a recycling operation is fundamental for the improvement of the environmental sustainability, because these secondary raw materials become a resource that can be easily reused without the modification of the peculiar characteristics, in order to obtain new and performing composites, with a low specific weight, high durability, and long life cycle.
    Keywords: Radioactive soil waste ; Gd2Ti2O7 pyrochlore ; SHS ; CeO2 ; Immobilization ; cementitious grout ; green grout ; cement ; slag substitution ; valorization ; circular economy ; cellulose aerogel ; oil absorbent ; cellulose ; white bamboo fibril ; water pollution ; natural rubber ; nanosilica ; mechanical property ; fertilizer plant ; hexafluorosilicic acid ; waste water ; cement composites ; recycled waste porous glass ; end-of-life tyre rubber ; safe production ; thermal insulation ; mechanical resistance ; render ; cement and cement-lime reinforced mortars ; natural fiber ; sheep’s wool ; sustainability ; chitosan film ; emerging pollutants ; ketoprofen ; food waste ; adsorption ; recycle ; recycled expanded polystyrene ; cement mortars ; eggshell ; Direct Blue 78 ; kinetics ; isotherms ; pulsed light ; fiber reinforced ; cementless composites ; microscopic property ; co-fired fly ash ; green materials ; biochar ; wheat straw ; sorbent ; cobalt ; copper ; soil ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue provides an opportunity for researchers in the area of side-channel attacks (SCAs) to highlight the most recent exciting technologies. The research papers published in this Special Issue represent recent progress in the field, including research on power analysis attacks, cache-based timing attacks, system-level countermeasures, and so on.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; binary Huff curve ; FPGA ; post quantum cryptography ; data loss ; side-channel cache attacks ; rsa cryptosystem ; first-order analysis ; chaotic circuit ; integrity ; ad libraries ; power-analysis attack ; single trace analysis ; side-channel authentication ; provable security ; ad lib ; cache misses ; cache side-channel attack ; leakage model ; NTRU ; graph ; AES ; hardware security ; recovery of secret exponent by triangular trace analysis ; side-channel attacks ; information leakage ; data outsourcing ; CPLD ; scatter-gather implementation ; modular exponentiation ; lattice-based cryptography ; elliptic curve cryptography ; Gaussian sampling ; post-quantum cryptography ; reliability ; unified point addition ; ad networks ; graph similarity ; mobile ads ; physically unclonable function ; tweakable block cipher ; Merkle (hash) tree ; machine-learning classification ; side channel attack ; online authentication ; side channel analysis ; financial IC card ; side-channel attack ; re-keying ; cloud computing ; cryptographic keys ; chaos theory ; horizontal collision correlation analysis ; countermeasure ; embedded system security ; cache attack ; single-trace attack ; software development kit (SDK) ; CDT sampling ; key bit-dependent attack ; side-channel analysis ; second-order analysis ; constant-time cryptographic algorithm ; android package (APK) ; challenge-response authentication ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Green technologies can be identified as key components in Industry 4.0. The scope of this book is to address how conventional green technologies can be a part of smart industries by minimizing waste, maximizing productivity, optimizing the supply chain, or by additive manufacturing. This theme focuses on the scope and challenges of integrating current environmental technologies in future industries. This book, “Green Technologies: Bridging Conventional Practices and Industry 4.0”, aims to incorporate and introduce the advances in green technologies to the cyber-based industries. It is hoped that the novel green technologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals.
    Keywords: wood flour ; oil adsorption ; superhydrophobic ; superoleophilic ; oil-water separation ; sustainable material ; sachet-water plastic waste ; oil palm empty fruit bunch ; TGA-DSC analysis ; activation energy ; physio-thermal analysis ; co-pyrolysis ; eutrophication ; sugarcane bagasse ; adsorption ; harvest ; biodiesel ; reusability ; Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel ; palm biodiesel ; engine performance ; exhaust emissions ; alternative fuel ; transesterification ; multiple frequency marine controlled-source electromagnetic technique ; Gaussian process ; uncertainty quantification ; computer experiment, electromagnetic profile estimation ; Malaysia ; Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) ; Waste-to-Energy (WTE) ; sustainability ; technical ; economic ; environmental ; social ; optimization ; P-graph ; municipal solid waste conversion technology ; silicon oxycarbide ; thermal conductivity ; floating plants ; SiOC ; silica ; ammonium-based protic ionic liquids ; density ; thermal expansion coefficient ; viscosity ; thermal stability ; CO2 absorption ; rubber-seed shell ; activated carbon ; CO2 adsorption ; isotherms ; kinetics modeling ; milk ; protein ; liquid biphasic flotation ; dairy waste ; recovery ; Cape gooseberry ; color space selection ; color space combination ; food engineering ; anaerobic digestion ; co-digestion ; wastewater ; biogas production ; methane yield, sludge ; sandwich composite fire ; mechanical responses ; moisture content ; balsa core ; mass loss kinetic ; buckling failure ; liquid biphasic system ; aqueous two-phase system ; aqueous biphasic system ; purification ; separation ; biomolecules ; black soldier fly ; yeast ; fermentation ; larvae ; organic waste ; coconut endosperm waste ; n/a ; black soldier fly larvae ; lipid ; substrate ; PC/ABS ; carbon black ; electromagnetic shielding effectiveness ; dissipation of electrostatic discharge ; surface resistivity ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Power electronics technology is still an emerging technology, and it has found its way into many applications, from renewable energy generation (i.e., wind power and solar power) to electrical vehicles (EVs), biomedical devices, and small appliances, such as laptop chargers. In the near future, electrical energy will be provided and handled by power electronics and consumed through power electronics; this not only will intensify the role of power electronics technology in power conversion processes, but also implies that power systems are undergoing a paradigm shift, from centralized distribution to distributed generation. Today, more than 1000 GW of renewable energy generation sources (photovoltaic (PV) and wind) have been installed, all of which are handled by power electronics technology. The main aim of this book is to highlight and address recent breakthroughs in the range of emerging applications in power electronics and in harmonic and electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues at device and system levels as discussed in ?robust and reliable power electronics technologies, including fault prognosis and diagnosis technique stability of grid-connected converters and ?smart control of power electronics in devices, microgrids, and at system levels.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; Q-factor ; lithium-ion power battery pack ; electromagnetic field (EMF) ; expert systems ; total harmonic distortion (THD) ; current-fed inverter ; rotor design ; class-D amplifier ; LCL-S topology ; current switching ripple ; system in package ; energy storage modelling ; smart micro-grid ; embedded systems ; equivalent inductance ; SHIL ; permanent magnet ; static var generator (SVG) ; permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) ; control strategy and algorithm ; digital control ; zero-voltage switching (ZVS) ; SOC estimator ; electric power ; optimal design ; electromagnetic field interference (EMI) ; line frequency instability ; analog phase control ; five-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine ; distribution generation ; leakage inductance ; adjacent two-phase open circuit fault (A2-Ph) ; chaotic PWM ; electric vehicles ; CMOS chaotic circuit ; series active filter ; cascaded topology ; total demand distortion ; efficiency motor ; triangular ramp generator ; 4T analog MOS control ; inductive coupling ; induction machines ; nanocrystalline core ; semi-active bridge ; multi-level control ; simulation models ; voltage source inverters (VSI) ; battery management system BMS ; voltage source converter ; current control loops ; droop control ; particle swarm optimization ; variable control gain ; state of charge SoC ; extended Kalman filter ; transient control ; multi-objective optimization ; composite equalizer ; converter ; DHIL ; five-leg voltage source inverter ; axial flux machines ; bifurcation ; active receivers ; field programmable gate array ; Nyquist stability analysis ; electric vehicle ; static compensator ; stability ; common-mode inductor ; DC–DC converters ; support vector machines ; electromagnetic compatibility ; real-time simulation ; passive equalization ; matrix converters ; wireless power transfer ; digital phase control ; compensation topology ; volt-per-hertz control (scalar control) ; switching losses ; voltage control ; hybrid converter ; bidirectional converter ; coupling factor ; selective harmonic elimination method ; power electronics ; soft switching ; optimization design ; multilevel inverter ; five-phase machine ; phase-shift control ; lithium-ion battery ; voltage boost ; VPI active damping control ; parameter identification ; electrical engineering communications ; current control ; DC–DC conversion ; battery management system ; GaN cascode ; single-switch ; high-frequency modeling ; synchronous motor ; power quality ; water purification ; power factor correction (PFC) ; composite active vectors modulation (CVM) ; digital signal controller ; line start ; power density ; hardware in loop ; n/a ; fault diagnosis ; multi-level converter (MLC) ; induction motor ; dual three-phase (DTP) permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) ; neural networks ; electromagnetic interference filter ; battery chargers ; power converter ; harmonics ; multiphase space vector modulation ; torque ripple ; power factor correction ; electrical drives ; modular multilevel converter (MMC) ; active power filter ; double layer capacitor (DLC) models ; PMSG ; response time ; resonator structure ; floating-point ; effect factors ; DC-link voltage control ; sliding mode control ; phasor model technique ; wireless power transfer (WPT) ; slim DC-link drive ; fault-tolerant control ; lithium-ion batteries ; DC-AC power converters ; conducting angle determination (CAD) techniques ; variable speed pumped storage system ; impedance-based model ; one cycle control ; renewable energy sources ; series-series compensation ; cogging torque ; active rectifiers ; three-level boost converter (TLBC) ; DC-link cascade H-bridge (DCLCHB) inverter ; battery energy storage systems ; filter ; power management system ; improved extended Kalman filter ; dead-time compensation ; disturbance observer ; reference phase calibration ; frequency locking ; space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) ; predictive controllers ; nine switch converter ; transmission line ; spread-spectrum technique ; energy storage ; electromagnetic interference ; renewable energy resources control ; harmonic linearization ; misalignment ; plug-in hybrid electric vehicles ; high level programing ; nearest level modulation (NLM) ; magnetic equivalent circuit ; EMI filter ; permanent-magnet machines ; real-time emulation ; switched capacitor ; back EMF ; fixed-point ; HF-link MPPT converter ; condition monitoring ; WPT standards ; switching frequency ; switching frequency modelling ; high frequency switching power supply ; field-programmable gate array ; three-phase bridgeless rectifier ; ice melting ; AC–DC power converters ; hybrid power filter ; PSpice ; microgrid control ; total harmonic distortion ; grid-connected inverter ; dynamic PV model ; fuzzy ; boost converter ; SiC PV Supply ; voltage doubling ; nonlinear control ; distributed control ; power system operation and control ; one phase open circuit fault (1-Ph) ; direct torque control (DTC) ; battery modeling ; non-linear phenomena ; frequency-domain analysis ; advanced controllers ; vector control ; fixed-frequency double integral sliding-mode (FFDISM) ; power converters ; modulation index ; DC-DC buck converter ; small signal stability analysis ; active equalization ; voltage source inverter ; hardware-in-the-loop ; current source ; synchronization ; grid-connected VSI ; synchronous generator ; fault tolerant control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: undefined
    Keywords: sidewall quenching ; LES ; premixed methane ; flame–wall interaction ; FGM ; Lewis number ; flame curvature ; iso-scalar non-material surfaces ; turbulent premixed spherical flame ; reaction waves ; turbulent reacting flows ; turbulent consumption velocity ; bending effect ; reaction surface area ; molecular transport ; direct numerical simulations ; turbulent flame ; premixed turbulent combustion ; countergradient transport ; flame surface density ; scalar dissipation rate ; modeling ; large eddy simulation ; confined ; boundary layer flashback ; turbulent combustion ; hydrogen ; autoignition modelling ; reduced chemical kinetics ; gasoline surrogates ; engine knock ; spray combustion ; evaporative cooling ; flame surface wrinkling modeling ; thickened flame ; flamelet generated manifold ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: With the growing emphasis on enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of industrial plants, process integration and intensification are gaining additional interest throughout the chemical engineering community. Some of the hallmarks of process integration and intensification include a holistic perspective in design, and the enhancement of material and energy intensity. The techniques are applicable for individual unit operations, multiple units, a whole industrial facility, or even a cluster of industrial plants. This book aims to cover recent advances in the development and application of process integration and intensification. Specific applications are reported for hydraulic fracturing, palm oil milling processes, desalination, reactive distillation, reaction network, adsorption processes, herbal medicine extraction, as well as process control.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; input shaping ; n/a ; integrating ; flexibility index ; breakthrough ; mixing ; membrane distillation ; regulatory ; utilisation index ; experimental ; underdamped ; PMPS particles ; EDCs ; phytomedicines ; natural products ; reactive distillation ; optimisation ; optimization ; multiple steady state ; steady state simulation ; design ; CFD-simulation ; manufacturing ; compartmental modeling ; energy ; surrogate-based optimization ; adsorption ; feasible operating range analysis ; model order reduction ; competing reaction system ; desalination ; extraction ; water ; mathematical programming ; graphical approach ; hydraulic fracturing ; unstable ; humidification ; reaction conversion ; dehumidification ; TAME synthesis ; fixed-bed column ; predictive control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book gathers several manuscripts dealing with powder metallurgy processing. Both powders production and their processing to reach a final product can be found. In particular, the extraction of Ta and Ti powders from their oxides by the action of Mg is studied. Moreover, the synthesis of ball-milled Mn-Bi powder for magnetic uses is also presented in the book. Regarding powders processing, sintering of Fe-Co-Cu powder mixtures for their use as diamond impregnated tools, electrical resistance sintering of mechanically alloyed amorphous Al-Ti powders, cold pressed Fe-Si-B alloys with magnetic uses, hot extruded functionally graded Al-based materials, space holder sintering of Ti for medical implants, sintering of hard Co-based material, and electrical resistance sintering of Fe-WC hardmetals can be found in this book.
    Keywords: electrical resistance sintering ; hardmetal ; ultrafine grain ; titanium powder ; self-propagating high-temperature synthesis ; acid leaching ; magnesium ; magnesium oxide ; tantalum powder ; magnesium reduction ; Ta2O5 powder ; MgO ; HCl solution ; functionally graded materials (FGMs) ; aluminum alloy ; hot extrusion ; Hall–Petch equation ; Kelly–Tyson equation ; amorphous powders ; amorphous magnetic powder cores ; soft magnetic properties ; permeability ; direct current (DC) bias performance ; Mn55Bi45 powders ; low-energy ball milling ; surfactant ; particle size ; coercivity ; microstructure ; magnetic properties ; cobalt-based alloy ; mechanical alloying ; hot pressed sintering ; bone implant ; porous titanium ; cellular adhesion ; bacteria colonization ; osseointegration ; amorphisation ; crystallisation ; Al-Ti powders ; porosity ; hardness ; pre-alloyed agglomerates ; mechanical properties ; cutting performance ; diamond impregnated tools ; stone machining ; tool wear ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In the industrial manufacturing of metals, the achievement of products featuring desired characteristics always requires the control of process parameters in order to obtain a suitable microstructure. The strict relationship among process parameters, microstructure, and mechanical properties is a matter of interest in different areas, such as foundry, plastic forming, sintering, welding, etc., and regards both well-established and innovative processes. Nowadays, circular economy and sustainable technological development are dominant paradigms and impose an optimized use of resources, a lower energetic impact of industrial processes and new tasks for materials and products. In this frame, this Special Issue covers a broad range of research works and contains research and review papers.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; high speed steel ; n/a ; tempering ; microstructure. ; microstructure ; severe plastic deformation ; aging treatment ; indentation hardness ; Nb tube ; secondary recrystallization ; static mechanical behavior ; image analysis ; nanostructured coatings ; thin aluminum sheet ; precipitation behavior ; additive manufacturing ; Ti-6Al-4V alloy ; grain boundary ; property-microstructure-process relationship ; aeronautic applications ; inductive hot pressing ; fracture surface ; indentation modulus ; alloys ; intermetallic ; ultrafine grain ; columnar microstructure ; titanium composites ; multimodal ; steering knuckles ; ultra-fine grain ; damping ; process monitoring ; Al alloys ; tribology ; retained austenite ; mechanical properties ; texture inhomogeneity ; metal posts ; FEGSEM ; ?-platelet thickness ; anelasticity ; warm working ; dental materials ; computer-aided design (CAD) ; SEM ; high strength ; SEBM ; non-monotonic simple shear strains ; cavitation erosion ; aluminum film ; impact toughness ; wear ; mechanical property ; in situ secondary phases ; bainite rail ; corrosion resistance ; macro-instrumented indentation test ; EBM ; cryorolling ; aluminum alloy ; equal channel angular pressing ; microstructure inhomogeneity ; casting ; electron backscatter diffraction ; prediction model ; grain boundaries ; porosity ; texture ; high pressure die casting ; shear strain reversal ; finite element analysis ; thin films ; AZ91 alloy ; tensile properties ; tensile property ; Al 6061 alloys ; aging ; reduction ; Mg-10Y-6Gd-1.5Zn-0.5Zr ; caliber-rolling ; shrinkage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The book is an amazing collection of technical papers dealing with hybrid rockets. Once perceived as a niche technology, for about a decade, hybrid rockets have enjoyed renewed interest from both the propulsion technical community and industry. Hybrid motors can be used in practically all applications where a rocket is employed, but there are certain cases where they present a superior fit, such as sounding rockets, tactical missile systems, launch boosters and the emerging field of commercial space transportation. The novel space tourism business, indeed, will benefit from their safety and lower recurrent development costs. The subjects addressed in the book include the cutting edge technology employed to push forward this relatively new propulsion concept, spanning systems to improve fuel regression rate, control of the mixture ratio to optimize performance, computational fluid dynamics applied to the simulation of the internal ballistics, and some other novel system applications.
    Keywords: hybrid rocket ; marine propulsion ; rupture disc ; idling operation ; underwater environment ; hybrid rocket engines ; multidisciplinary design optimization ; robust optimization ; electric feed system ; ballistic reconstruction technique ; fuel regression ; nozzle erosion ; c∗ efficiency ; hybrid ; regression rate ; self-disintegration ; HTPB ; paraffin ; low-energy polymer ; magnesium ; fuel regression rate ; internal ballistics ; computational fluid dynamics ; hybrid rocket propulsion ; swirl oxidizer injection ; feedback loop control ; error propagation analysis ; resistor-based sensors ; rocket ; regression ; Marxman ; diffusion-limited ; blowing factor ; 3D printing ; fuel grain ; hybrid combustion ; modeling and simulation ; hybrid propulsion ; paraffin-based fuel ; oxygen ; combustion ; testing ; nano-sized aluminum ; micron-sized aluminum ; fluoropolymer ; mechanically activated aluminum ; coated aluminum ; fuel-rich composite powder ; aluminum aggregation ; aluminum agglomeration ; mass burning rate ; n/a ; “green” propellants ; nitrous oxide decomposition ; energy of activation ; 3-D printing ; hybrid rocket engine ; sounding rocket ; carbon fiber composite ; engine test ; total impulse ; lightweight design ; ignition system ; gas torch ; methane-oxygen combustion ; vortex combustion chamber ; hybrid rocket motor ; ramjet motor ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Significant progress has been made in nanophotonics and the use of nanostructured materials for optoelectronic devices, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes, which have recently attracted considerable attention due to their unique geometry. Nanostructures in small dimensions, comprising nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoparticles, etc,. can be perfectly integrated into a variety of technological platforms, offering novel physical and chemical properties for high-performance, light-emitting devices. This Special Issue aims to present the most recent advances in the field of nanophotonics, which focuses on LEDs and laser diodes. We invite contributions of original research articles, as well as review articles that are aligned to the following topics that include, but are not limited to, thetheoretical calculation, synthesis, characterization, and application of such novel nanostructures for light-emitting devices. The application of nanostructured light-emitters in general lighting, imaging, and displays is also highly encouraged.
    Keywords: Liquid phase deposition method ; InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode ; silver nanoparticle ; zinc oxide ; localized surface plasmon ; β-Ga2O3 ; III-Nitrides ; monoclinic ; hexagonal arrangement ; high-power ; current distribution ; vertical structure LED ; blue organic light emitting diodes ; transport materials ; host-dopant ; nanoparticles ; luminescence ; non-stoichiometric ZnxAgyInS1.5+x+0.5y nanocrystals ; photoluminescence properties ; tunable fluorescence emission ; one-pot approach ; perovskite light-emitting diodes ; three-step spin coating ; hole transport layer ; PEDOT:PSS/MoO3-ammonia composite ; μLED displays ; μLEDs ; GaN nanowires ; core-shell structure ; ultraviolet (UV) emitter ; surface plasmon ; Pt nanoparticles ; hole-pattern ; photon emission efficiency ; distributed Bragg reflectors ; gratings ; GaN-based lasers ; linewidth ; epsilon-near-zero ; wideband absorber ; plasmon mode ; Brewster mode ; visible light communication ; photonic crystals ; flip-chip LED ; Purcell effect ; light extraction efficiency ; nanostructured materials ; surface/interface properties ; nanostructured light-emitting devices ; physical mechanism ; surface/interface modification ; surface/interface control ; micro-scale light emitting diode ; sapphire substrate ; encapsulation ; compound semiconductor ; nanostructure ; ultraviolet ; light-emitting diode (LED) ; molecular beam epitaxy ; GaN ; AlN ; photonic nanojet ; photonic nanojet array ; self-assembly ; template-assisted self-assembly ; patterning efficiency ; III-nitride thin film ; nanostructures ; ultraviolet emitters ; surface passivation ; luminescence intensity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Kinetics and reactor modeling for heterogeneous catalytic reactions are prominent tools for investigating and understanding catalyst functionalities at nanoscale and the related rates of complex reaction networks. This book illustrates some examples related to the transformation of simple to more complex feedstocks, including different types of reactor designs, i.e., steady-state, transient plug flow reactors, and TAP reactors for which there is sometimes a strong gap in the operating conditions from ultra-high-vacuum to high-pressure conditions. In conjunction, new methodologies have emerged, giving rise to more robust microkinetics models. As exemplified, they include the kinetics and the dynamics of the reactors and span a large range of length and time scales. The objective of this Special Issue is to provide contributions that can illustrate recent advances and novel methodologies for elucidating the kinetics of heterogeneous reactions and the necessary multiscale approach for optimizing the reactor design. This book is dedicated to postgraduate and scientific researchers, and experts in heterogeneous catalysis. It may also serve as a source of original information for the elaboration of lessons on catalysis for Master students.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; microkinetics ; n/a ; internal effectiveness factor ; FTIR spectroscopy ; automation ; power-law ; AEIR method ; promoter ; TAP reactor ; rhodium ; Temkin model ; mechanism analysis ; H2S ; N2O ; catalytic decomposition ; cracking ; 1 ; 2 ; methanol-to-olefins (MTO) ; zeolite ; ZSM-23 ; kinetic model ; pilot-scale fixed-bed reactor ; methane ; effective diffusion coefficient ; SAPO-18 ; kinetics ; alkali metal ; ZSM-5 ; digitalization ; gas-phase oxidation ; kinetic modeling ; temporal analysis of products ; selective oxidation ; Methyl Ethyl Ketone ; amorphous calcium phosphate ; reactor modeling ; HNO3 ; 3-Butadiene ; transient kinetics ; catalytic combustion ; cobalt mixed oxide ; 3-Butanediol dehydration ; ammonia decomposition ; heats of adsorption ; Pd/?-Al2O3 ; SAPO-34 ; Langmuir–Hinshelwood ; hierarchical graphite felts ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 96
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: MEDER 2018, the IFToMM International Symposium on Mechanism Design for Robotics, was the fourth event in a series that was started in 2010 as a specific conference activity on mechanisms for robots. The aim of the MEDER Symposium is to bring researchers, industry professionals, and students together from a broad range of disciplines dealing with mechanisms for robots, in an intimate, collegial, and stimulating environment. In the 2018 MEDER event, we received significant attention regarding this initiative, as can be seen by the fact that the Proceedings contain contributions by authors from all around the world.The Proceedings of the MEDER 2018 Symposium have been published within the Springer book series on MMS, and the book contains 52 papers that have been selected after review for oral presentation. These papers cover several aspects of the wide field of robotics dealing with mechanism aspects in theory, design, numerical evaluations, and applications.This Special Issue of Robotics (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/robotics/special_issues/MDR) has been obtained as a result of a second review process and selection, but all the papers that have been accepted for MEDER 2018 are of very good quality with interesting contents that are suitable for journal publication, and the selection process has been difficult.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; robot control ; cylindrical ; V2SOM ; 3-UPU parallel mechanism ; McKibben muscle ; compliance control ; gait planning ; grasp stability ; robot singularity ; safety mechanism ; robot ; exercising device ; hexapod walking robot ; inadvertent braking ; energy efficiency ; robotic cell ; humanoid robots ; collaborative robot ; robot wrists ; humanoid robotic hands ; stability ; cable-driven robots ; image processing ; fail-safe operation ; VSA ; graphical user interface ; computer-aided design ; robotic legs ; human-robot-interaction ; shape changing ; painting robot ; shape memory alloy ; velocity control ; underactuated fingers ; safe physical human–robot interaction (pHRI) ; human-machine interaction ; compliant mechanism ; iCub ; robot-assisted Doppler sonography ; pHRI ; spherical parallel mechanism ; mobile manipulation ; economic locomotion ; haptic glove ; learning by demonstration ; robot kinematics ; variable stiffness actuator (VSA) ; workspace analysis ; singularity analysis ; collaborative robots ; parallel mechanisms ; rolling ; SMA actuator ; elliptical ; cable-driven parallel robots ; non-photorealistic rendering ; redundancy ; kinematic redundancy ; variable stiffness actuator ; trajectory planning ; kinematics ; pneumatic artificial muscle ; artistic rendering ; force reflection ; safe physical human–robot interaction ; orientational mechanisms ; teleoperation ; actuation burden ; cobot ; hand exoskeleton ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The mitigation of oil spills is an important facet of environmental protection. Understanding oil spills is a first step toward preventing and minimizing their damage to the environment. This compilation presents several of the current studies related to such an understanding of oil spills and the environment.〈false,>This book is a compilation of 14 papers presenting new developments in the field of oil spills, giving insight into the rapidly changing world of oil spill studies and technology. The 14 papers included cover topics varying from risk analysis to oil spill remote sensing. Broadly categorized, included are six papers on modeling, four papers on remote sensing, three papers on risk assessment, and one paper on oil spill countermeasures. Each paper presents a unique insight into a facet of oil spill research and technology. The authors of these papers represent many different countries and affiliations around the world.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA170-171 ; n/a ; environmental monitoring ; Italian seas ; simulation ; Kotor bay ; RANS ; oil spill ; reflection coefficient ; Lagrangian particle dispersion ; dispersion effectiveness (DE) ; M/V Marathassa oil spill ; wave tank ; environmental resources ; emergency management ; statistical region-based classification ; trajectory model ; proactive systems ; OSCAR ; oil slicks characterization ; synthetic aperture radar ; multi-frequency detector ; Salish Sea ; coastal protection ; Outer Continental Shelf ; man-made oil spills ; non-breaking ocean waves ; methods of vulnerability mapping to oil ; Campeche Bay ; oil-slick discrimination algorithm ; arithmetic operations with rank values ; oil spill pollution ; petrogenic oil-slick category ; coastal flow ; numerical simulation ; probability density function ; polarimetric SAR data (PolSAR) ; the English Bay ; PROMETHEE methodology ; ordinal values ; oil spill accidents ; Western Canadian Select (condensate mixed with synthetic crude/bitumen-dilsynbit) ; RADARSAT ; hindcast ; Princeton Ocean Model ; contingency plan ; statistical analysis ; ocean trajectory ; the problems of vulnerability maps development ; Heidrun ; Foss Barge ; marine information systems ; polarized SAR data ; oil spill mitigation plans ; probability of detection ; contingency planning ; oil spill model ; FVCOM ; Synthetic Bitumen (synthetic crude/bitumen-Synbit) ; electromagnetic roughness ; windage ; Access Western Blend (condensate/bitumen-dilbit) ; dispersant ; naturally-occurring oil seeps ; oil spills ; Point Wells ; model comparison ; remote sensing ; decision support systems ; oil spill response ; exploratory data analysis ; random walk method ; signal integration ; impact modeling ; low atmosphere ; numerical forecasting tool ; multiple observations ; uncertainty maps ; risk modelling ; oil spill risk analysis ; Gulf of Mexico ; trajectory analysis ; Vancouver Harbour ; sea-coastal zones ; marine pollution ; GNOME ; oil thickness ; UAVSAR ; LES ; BLOSOM ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue of Minerals presents recent, select studies that highlight advances in the fields of hydro- and biohydrometallurgy. It aims to attract the interest of readers and especially of young scientists and students in this fascinating scientific discipline.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; counter-current leaching ; metal extraction ; slag ; low-grade saprolitic laterite ; agglomeration ; bioleaching ; white metal ; precipitation ; iodide ; seawater ; reducing agent ; chloride ; chalcopyrite ; pyrite–arsenopyrite galvanic pair ; frontier orbital methods ; acid media ; bottom ash ; phosphorus ; manganese nodules ; waste reuse ; galvanic effect ; gold diiodide ; municipal solid waste incineration ; jarosite ; column leaching ; secondary mining ; iodide-oxidizing bacteria ; leaching ; primary sulfide copper ; heap leaching ; electrochemical ; optimization of parameters ; chloride ion ; reductive mineral dissolution ; tailings ; curing ; acid leaching ; secondary products ; uranium ; ferric ion ; Acidithiobacillus ; limonitic laterites ; iron reduction ; fluorapatite ; nitrate ; gold ; phosphate mineral ; purification ; iodine ; nickel ; sodium sulfite ; pregnant leach solution ; copper sulfide ; sulphuric acid ; laterites ; REE ; pretreatment ; triiodide ; laterite ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: We are pleased to present this book, which is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue entitled “Extraction Strategies to Recover Bioactive Compounds, Incorporation into Food, and Health Benefits” published online in the open access journal Foods (ISSN 2304-8158) from 2019 to 2020 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/foods/special_issues/extraction). Firstly, this book gathers studies addressing several strategies applied to obtain bioactive products and extracts, not only from food matrices but also from agri-food byproducts, which can serve as new natural additives, nutraceuticals, and functional ingredients for pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. In particular, free and bound phenolic compounds are explored in buckwheat, sesame, and olive leafy byproducts. Overall, these studies outline new valorization methods and offer new opportunities for alternative practices in the agro-industrial sector that help to migrate toward a circular bioeconomy model. This book also presents studies that predict bioactive components in fruits through mathematical tools and support the formulation of a novel beverage rich in resveratrol, a phenolic compound whose bioactivity is well recognized.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; biorefinery ; rice wine ; n/a ; color ; phenolic compounds ; Polygonum cuspidatum ; antioxidant activity ; ultrafiltration ; naranjilla ; Sesamum indicum L. ; buckwheat flours ; milling fractions ; HPLC–MS ; chemometrics ; olive leaves ; vegetable protein ; Andean blueberry ; phenolic acids ; agri-food residues ; resveratrol ; RP-HPLC–DAD–QTOF-MS ; piceid ; goldenberry ; free and bound phenolic compounds ; clarification ; metaheuristic techniques ; tamarillo ; lignans ; ultrasound ; blackberry ; sesame cake ; mathematical model ; bioactive compounds ; araza ; oleuropein ; flavonoids ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Sensors are the eyes or/and ears of an intelligent system, such as UAV, AGV and robots. With the development of material, signal processing, and multidisciplinary interactions, more and more smart sensors are proposed and fabricated under increasing demands for homes, the industry, and military fields. Networks of sensors will be able to enhance the ability to obtain huge amounts of information (big data) and improve precision, which also mirrors the developmental tendency of modern sensors. Moreover, artificial intelligence is a novel impetus for sensors and networks, which gets sensors to learn and think and feed more efficient results back. This book includes new research results from academia and industry, on the subject of “Smart Sensors and Networks”, especially sensing technologies utilizing Artificial Intelligence. The topics include: smart sensors biosensors sensor network sensor data fusion artificial intelligence deep learning mechatronics devices for sensors applications of sensors for robotics and mechatronics devices
    Keywords: microelectromechanical systems ; inertial measurement unit ; long short term memory recurrent neural networks ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning ; CNN ; LSTM ; CO2 welding ; molten pool ; online monitoring ; mechanical sensor ; self-adaptiveness ; ankle-foot exoskeleton ; walking assistance ; visual tracking ; correlation filter ; color histogram ; adaptive hedge algorithm ; scenario generation ; autonomous vehicle ; smart sensor and device ; wireless sensor networks ; task assignment ; distributed ; reliable ; energy-efficient ; audification ; sensor ; visualization ; speech to text ; text to speech ; HF-OTH radar ; AIS ; radar tracking ; data fusion ; fuzzy functional dependencies ; maritime surveillance ; surgical robot end-effector ; clamping force estimation ; joint torque disturbance observer ; PSO-BPNN ; cable tension measurement ; queue length ; roadside sensor ; vehicle detection ; adverse weather ; roadside LiDAR ; data processing ; air pollution ; atmospheric data ; IoT ; machine learning ; RNN ; Sensors ; smart cities ; traffic flow ; traffic forecasting ; wireless sensor network ; fruit condition monitoring ; artificial neural network ; ethylene gas ; banana ripening ; unidimensional ACGAN ; signal recognition ; data augmentation ; link establishment behaviors ; DenseNet ; short-wave radio station ; landing gear ; adaptive landing ; vehicle classification ; FBG ; smart sensors ; outlier detection ; local outlier factor ; data streams ; air quality monitoring ; n/a ; evacuation path ; multi-story multi-exit building ; temperature sensors ; multi-time-slots planning ; optimization ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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