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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-04-05
    Description: Abstract The novel 10Be (meteoric)/9Be system, where 10Be is delivered by precipitation and stable 9Be is released by weathering, provides denudation rates over weathering‐erosion timescales. The new tool is applicable to quartz‐poor lithologies, for example, mafic rock and claystone, which are not readily accessible by the commonly used in situ‐produced 10Be in quartz. We provide a first application of this proxy to a tectonically active mountainous river, the Zhuoshui River in Taiwan. Taiwan Rivers supply a disproportionately high suspended and dissolved flux to the oceans and are often underlain by fine‐grained shale/slate. 10Be (meteoric)/9Be‐derived denudation rates (Dmet) from the Zhuoshui Catchment are highest in the slate‐dominated headwaters (4–8 mm/year), and much lower (1–2 mm/year) along the midlower reaches with mixed lithologies. At the basin‐wide scale, we find a poor correlation between Dmet and basin‐averaged channel steepness despite a small climatic gradient. Because large lithological heterogeneities exist in this basin, we invoke a lithological effect to explain this poor correlation. Relying on a revised stream power incision model that incorporates rock erodibility, the resulting lithology‐ and runoff‐adjusted ksn (kLrsn) can be reconciled with denudation rates with the highest erodibility predicted to prevail in the Miocene slate of low metamorphic grade and high fracture density. This model suggests that the lithological heterogeneity can alter the coupling between surface denudation and channel morphology. On a broader perspective, the successful application of the 10Be (meteoric)/9Be proxy shows its applicability as a tracer for erosion and sediment transport processes in fast‐eroding mountain belts underlain by slate lithologies.
    Description: Key Points 10Be (meteoric)/9Be ratios quantify fast denudation of slate regions in Taiwan Topographic metrics and denudation rates show different spatial patterns Lithologic variability alters coupling between denudation rates and ksn, based on a revised stream power model including rock erodibility
    Description: Freie Universität Berlin‐China Scholarship Council PhD Program
    Description: National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Keywords: ddc:551.3
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: Cold-pool-driven convective initiation is investigated in high-resolution, convection-permitting simulations with a focus on the diurnal cycle and organization of convection and the sensitivity to grid size. Simulations of four different days over Germany were performed using the ICON-LEM model with grid sizes from 156 to 625 m. In these simulations, we identify cold pools, cold-pool boundaries and initiated convection. Convection is triggered much more efficiently in the vicinity of cold pools than in other regions and can provide as much as 50% of total convective initiation, in particular in the late afternoon. By comparing different model resolutions, we find that cold pools are more frequent, smaller and less intense in lower-resolution simulations. Furthermore, their gust fronts are weaker and less likely to trigger new convection. To identify how model resolution affects this triggering probability, we use a linear causal graph analysis. In doing so, we postulate a graph structure with potential causal pathways and then apply multi-linear regression accordingly. We find a dominant, systematic effect: reducing grid sizes directly reduces upward mass flux at the gust front, which causes weaker triggering probabilities. These findings are expected to be even more relevant for km-scale, numerical weather prediction models. We thus expect that a better representation of cold-pool-driven convective initiation will improve forecasts of convective precipitation.
    Keywords: ddc:551.6
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: Reliable and accurate weather forecasts, particularly those of rainfall and its extremes, have the potential to improve living conditions in densely populated southern West Africa (SWA). The limited availability of observations has long impeded a rigorous evaluation of current state-of-the-art forecast models. The field campaign of the Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) project in June–July 2016 has created an unprecedentedly dense set of measurements from surface stations and radiosondes. Here we present results from a comprehensive evaluation of both numerical model forecasts and satellite products using these data on a regional and local level. Results reveal a substantial observational uncertainty showing considerable underestimations in satellite estimates of rainfall and low-cloud cover with little correlation at the local scale. Models have a dry bias of 0.1–1.9 mm·day−1 in rainfall and too low column relative humidity. They tend to underestimate low clouds, leading to excess surface solar radiation of 43 W·m−2. Remarkably, most models show some skill in representing regional modulations of rainfall related to synoptic-scale disturbances, while local variations in rainfall and cloudiness are hardly captured. Slightly better results are found with respect to temperature and for the post-onset rather than for the pre-onset period. Delicate local features such as the Maritime Inflow phenomenon are also rather poorly represented, leading to too cool, dry and cloudy conditions at the coast. Differences between forecast days 1 and 2 are relatively small and hardly systematic, suggesting a relatively quick error saturation. Using explicit convection leads to more realistic spatial variability in rainfall, but otherwise no marked improvement. Future work should aim at improving the subtle balance between the diurnal cycles of low clouds, surface radiation, the boundary layer and convection. Further efforts are also needed to improve the observational system beyond field campaign periods.
    Keywords: ddc:551.6
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: We revisit the linear boundary-layer approximation that expresses a generalized Ekman balance and use it to clarify a range of interpretations in the previous literature on the tropical cyclone boundary layer. Some of these interpretations relate to the reasons for inflow in the boundary layer and others relate to the presumed effects of inertial stability on boundary-layer dynamics. Inertial stability has been invoked, for example, to explain aspects of boundary-layer behaviour, including the frontogenetic nature of the boundary layer and its relationship to vortex spin-up. Our analysis exposes the fallacy of invoking inertial stability as a resistance to radial inflow in the boundary layer. The analysis shows also that the nonlinear acceleration terms become comparable to the linear Coriolis acceleration terms in relatively narrow vortices that are inertially stable above the boundary layer. Estimates of the nonlinear accelerations using the linear solutions are expected to underestimate the actual contribution in a nonlinear boundary-layer model, cautioning against neglecting the nonlinear terms in diagnostic or prognostic models.
    Keywords: ddc:551.5
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-19
    Description: Ziel des vorliegenden Heftes ist es, den Planungsbehörden und Gutachterbüros Informationen zum Thema „Eignung von Böden für Begräbnisstätten“ zur Verfügung zu stellen. Das Heft wendet sich somit an Personen, die sich direkt oder indirekt mit der Erweiterung oder Neuanlage von Friedhöfen, Friedwäldern oder Tierfriedhöfen beschäftigen. Es soll als Richtschnur für Gutachten, z. B. durch Ingenieur- und Baugrundbüros sowie bodenkundliche Sachverständige, aber auch als Informationsschrift für Zuständige in den Verwaltungen dienen.
    Description: manual
    Keywords: ddc:630 ; ddc:360
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book , publishedVersion
    Format: 36
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Ein Nachruf über einen ausgewiesenen Kenner und unermüdlichen Retter von Moorgebieten samt deren Moosen und Moorpflanzen
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Das Satrupholmer Moor im zentralen Angeln gehört zu den bedeutendsten Fundlandschaften mit Siedlungsplätzen des späten Mesolithikums in Schleswig-Holstein. Rund um die Uferbereiche des ehemali- gen Seebeckens, aus dem das Moor sich entwickelte, liegen Fundstellen der Mittelsteinzeit. Durch eine Kombination aus Torfüberdeckung und Kalkausfällungen aus den umliegenden Jungmoränenkuppen bietet das Moor hervorragende Erhaltungsbedingungen für organisches Material. Seine verschiedenen Fundplätze erbrachten Jahrtausende alte Geweihgeräte, Tierknochen und sogar Holzfunde. Ein besonders bedeutender Fundplatz, in der Landesaufnahme als Satrup LA2 geführt, liegt am Nordufer des Moores. Dieser Fundplatz ist seit den 1920er Jahren bekannt und wurde mehrfach in Teilbereichen untersucht. Im Jahr 2016 wurde ein großer Teil des Fundplatzes durch eine Ausgleichsmaßnahme der Stiftung Naturschutz Schleswig-Holstein, die ohne Abstimmung mit dem Archäologischen Landes- amt Schleswig-Holstein durchgeführt wurde, versehentlich zerstört. Im Zuge notwendig gewordener Rettungsgrabungen konnten neue Erkenntnisse zur Lebensweise der Jäger und Sammler der späten Mittelsteinzeit und zur Landschaftsgeschichte vor Ort gewonnen werden.
    Description: The Satrupholm Fen in central Angeln is one of the most important landscapes with archaeological settlement sites of the late Mesolithic in Schleswig-Holstein. All around the shore areas of the former lake basin, from which the bog developed, sites from the Mesolithic period exist. Due to a combi- nation of peat cover and lime precipitation from the surrounding young moraine crests, the bog offers outstanding conditions for the preservation of organic material. Its various sites have yielded antler implements, animal bones and even wooden finds thousands of years old. A particularly important site, listed in the archaeological survey as Satrup LA2, is located on the northern bank of the bog. This site has been known since the 1920s and has been investigated since then several times. In 2016, a large part of the site was destroyed by a compensation measure of the Foundation for Nature Conservation of Schleswig-Holstein, which was carried out without coordination with the State Archaeological Office Schleswig-Holstein. In the course of the necessary rescue excavation, however, new knowledge about the subsistence of hunters and gatherers of the late Mesolithic period and the landscape history on site could be gathered.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Im Gesetz von Darcy wird die Richtung des Drucks mit „+“ und „–“definiert. Diese mathematischen Operatoren bedeuten keine Zahlenwerte, da die Richtung eine trigonometrische Funktion darstellt. Die Transmissivität kann aus dem Gesetz von Darcy nicht abgeleitet werden; ein anderweitiger Beweis fehlt. Das Einfügen der Energiedichte ψ in das Gesetz von Darcy ist falsch, da die Einheiten nicht bilanzierbar sind. Mathematisch ist das lineare Gesetz von Darcy ein Spezialfall des galilei-/newton- schen Fallgesetzes.
    Description: In the Darcy’s law, the direction of the pressure gradient is defined by „+“ and „–“. These mathematical signs may also represent mathematical operators, but not here. It is not possible to derive the transmis- sivity from the Darcy’s law; another prove does not exist. The introduction of the density of energy ψ in Darcy’s law is wrong, because it is impossible to balance the units. The linear law of Darcy is math- ematically a special case of the Galileian/Newtonian law of gravitation.
    Description: https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-2937
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Im Zuge eines Pilotprojektes wurde 1988 eine flachgründige, sandunterlagerte Niedermoorfläche im oberen Rhinluch durch die Maßnahme der Tiefpflug-Sanddeckkultur (TSDK) umgestaltet. Eine wissenschaftliche Fragestellung war, wie sich unterschiedliche Torfanteile in der Sanddecke (0, 5, 10, 15 % organische Bodensubstanz) im späteren Pflughorizont (0-30 cm) auf die Standorteigenschaften auswirken. Seither wurde die Fläche als Acker genutzt. Etwa 30 Jahre nach Durchführung der Maßnahme wurde die Langzeitentwicklung der organischen Bodensubstanz im Pflughorizont und der bodenhydrologischen Standorteigenschaften auf der Basis von Feld- (Saugspannung, Grundwasserflurabstand) und Labormessungen (Kohlenstoff, Glühverlust, Wasserretentionskurve, hydraulische Leitfähigkeitsfunktion, Trockenrohdichte) untersucht. Die Gehalte an organischer Bodensubstanz der TSDK Varianten haben sich im Oberboden nahezu angeglichen und variierten 2019 zwischen 3,8 und 5,6 %. Die Streuung der Einzelwerte hat gegenüber 1988 stark abgenommen. Hydraulische Hemmnisse bestehen auf der TSDK nicht. Die Bodenwasserspeicherung im Pflughorizont und Unterboden ist ausreichend und in Verbindung mit der guten Kapillarität sind Acker- und Grünlandkulturen zu jeder Zeit ausreichend mit Wasser versorgt, auch wenn die Grundwasserflurabstände in Ausnahmen unter 1 m absinken würden. Auf den 0-Varianten unter Gras- und Ackernutzung hat sich der Anteil der organischen Bodensubstanz fast halbiert und liegt 2019 an der Grenze zum Anmoor. Das bestätigen auch die Wasserretentionsfunktionen und die Trockenrohdichte. Zusammenfassend kann 30 Jahre nach Einrichtung der Tiefpflug-Sanddeckkultur in Ziethenhorst (Rhinluch) geschlussfolgert werden, dass die Zielsetzung, aus einem flachgründigen, vermulmten Moorstandort einen hochleistungsfähigen Ackerstandort zu schaffen, erreicht wurde.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Geographische Gegebenheiten und Naturressourcen beeinflussen langfristig das menschliche Siedlungsverhalten und die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung von Regionen. Studien haben gezeigt, dass ein naturbedingter Unterschied in der Entwicklung auch dann noch nachwirkt, wenn die Ressource selbst bereits verschwunden ist. Ein wichtiges, aber bisher kaum systematisch untersuchtes Beispiel hierfür sind Moore. In diesem Artikel zeigen wir, wie Moorbedeckung die langfristige Entwicklung einer Region beeinflusst. Dazu betrachten wir die Moorflächen um 1800 und 2012 im Land Niedersachsen und stellen sie der Entwicklung der Bevölkerungszahl von 1821 bis 2018 in allen niedersächsischen Gemeinden gegenüber. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen einen enormen Rückgang der Fläche intakter Moore von 17,3 auf 0,8 % im Durchschnitt über alle Gemeinden, bei einem gleichzeitigen Anstieg der Einwohnerdichte von 40,6 auf 145,8 Einwohner pro km2. Vormals stark durch Moore geprägte Gemeinden waren 1821 weniger dicht besiedelt – und sie sind es heute noch, obwohl das Moor größtenteils verschwunden ist. Trotz der massiven Bemühungen bei der Moorkolonisierung und -kultivierung sind Gemeinden mit vormals hohem Mooranteil heute immer noch halb so dicht besiedelt als Gemeinden ohne Moor. Dass die einst moorreichen Gemeinden den einstigen Bevölkerungsrückstand noch nicht vollständig aufholen konnten, ist auch auf die zahlreichen prägenden historischen Ereignisse der jüngeren deutschen Geschichte der letzten 200 Jahre zurückzuführen.
    Description: Geographical conditions and natural resources affect local human settlement and economic development in the long run. An important but hardly examined example are peatlands. In this article, we show how original peatland coverage influences regional long-term development. For that purpose, we investigate peatland coverage at around 1800 and 2012 Niedersachsen, Germany, and link it to population density TELMA Band 50 Seite 29 - 44 2 Abb., 3 Tab. Hannover, November 2020 30 31 over the period 1821 to 2018 in all communities. We find a drastic decrease of untapped peatland coverage, dropping from 17.3 to 0.8 % on average. By contrast, population density increases from 40.6 to 145.8 inhabitants per square kilometer within 200 years. In 1821, communities that were extensively covered by peatlands were less densely populated – and they still are today, even though almost all peatland has disappeared. In spite of the massive efforts in peatland colonization and cultivation, peatland communities are still half as densely populated as communities without any peatland around 1800. We discuss historical events over the last 200 years explaining why communities formerly rich in peatlands did not fully catch up.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article
    Format: 16
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  • 12
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  DGMT | ZA 34278
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Moore sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil unseres Landes und der Kulturlandschaft. Ihre Entstehung und Entwicklung erfolgte zeitgleich mit der Besiedlung. Die natürliche Landschaftsentwicklung und die anthropogene Beeinflussung waren ein stetiges Wechselspiel. Dass sich unsere Sichtweise auf die Moore im Laufe der Zeit dabei mehrfach geändert hat, ist eine Folge der zivilisatorischen Entwicklung und sollte als natürlich angesehen werden. Derjenige, der mit den Belangen von Moor- und Torfangelegenheiten vertraut ist, sollte aus dieser Dynamik schließen, dass Eingriffe in unsere Umwelt und damit der Wandel der Landschaft wohl überlegten, sich gegen aktionistisches Gedankengut verwahrendes Handeln und intelligenter Zusam- menarbeit bedürfen
    Description: Our recent peatbogs are a component part of the land developed and cultivated by man; they have grown since our ancestors began to settle and thus, man has accompanied this landscape element in its diverse geological development. In this interrelationship, actions and reactions have changed numerous times, and the fact that we now regard the peatbogs and their utilization or non-utilization from a different point of view than a few years ago is a natural consequence of rapidly changing standpoints of civilization. The one who is involved with peat and peatbogs ought to conclude from this dynamic development, however, that our environment and thus the dynamics of our landscape require wisely guided designing determined by intelligent collaboration and that we must resist an infiltration of hysterical thinking with regard to peatbogs and peat.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 13
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  DGMT | ZA 34278
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Im Juni 2020 wurde ein kleines Hochmoor im Wissenspark der SLU in Uppsala angelegt. Ob Moorbeete sich als landschaftsarchitektonisches Element im urbanen, nemoralen Teil Schwedens eignen, wird anhand des Etablierungserfolgs der eingebrachten oligo- bis mesotrophen Torfmoosarten entlang eines Gradienten von Bult zu Schlenke untersucht.
    Description: In June 2020, a small bog was created at the Knowledge Garden of SLU in Uppsala. If moss pits are suitable elements for landscape architecture in the urban, nemoral part of Sweden will be examined through the establishment of the used oligo- to mesotrophic peat mosses on a gradient from hollow to hummock.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Dr. Uwe Lenschow – der Name wird wie kaum ein anderer mit dem behördlichen Moorschutz in Zusammenhang gebracht. Als Dezernatsleiter im damaligen Landesamt für Umwelt und Natur veröffentlichte er bereits 1997 in den Materialien zur Umwelt die Monographie „Landschaftsökologische Grundlagen und Ziele zum Moor- schutz in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern“ (len- Schow 1997). Mit dem auf dieser Grundlage veröffentlichten Moorschutzkonzept des Landes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (M-V) im Jahr 2000 wurde der Moorschutz zum politischen Ziel und in den Folgejahren schrittweise umgesetzt.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Anhand hydrologischer Untersuchungen von 1996 bis 2019 und daraus abgeleiteten Wasserbilanzen wurde für geschlossene Torfmoosrasen und sekundären Birken-Kiefern-Moorwald geprüft, ob eine erfolgreiche Wiedervernässung und Revitalisierung von Regenmooren in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (M-V) unter den gegebenen ökoklimatischen Verhältnissen möglich ist. Untersucht wurden Typusloka- litäten in den drei Hauptverbreitungsgebieten der Regenmoore im Bundesland (NSG Ribnitzer Großes Moor für küstennahe Moore, NSG Großes Göldenitzer Moor für die Moore der Grundmoräne zwischen Recknitz und Warnow, NSG Großes Grambower Moor für die Moore im Schweriner Raum (NSG = Naturschutzgebiet)). Im Ergebnis wurde festgestellt, dass die natürlichen Voraussetzungen für die Ent- wicklung regenmoortypischer Vegetation günstig sind. Diametral gegen die Revitalisierung stehen die, trotz eines vorhandenen Moorschutzkonzeptes des Landes, von der Landesregierung beschlossenen politischen Rahmenbedingungen. Tritt im Hinblick auf den Umgang mit sekundären Birken-Kiefern- Moorwäldern kein Paradigmenwechsel ein, so wird der hydrologenetische Moortyp „Regenmoor“ in M-V mit all seinen gesetzlich geschützten Lebensräumen und Arten in absehbarer Zeit ausgestorben sein. Im Ergebnis der hydrologischen Veränderungen unter Moorwald gehen in den Regenmooren des Landes jährlich mehr als 800.000 m3 Torf durch Mineralisierung verloren. Der dadurch initiierte CO2- Ausstoß beträgt 77.600 t CO2 pro Jahr.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Das Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL) bezifferte im Juli diesen Jahres in einem Brief an das Management verschiedener Bau- und Gartenmarktketten in Deutschland den Anteil der Treibhausgase aus der Nutzung von Torfen an den deutschen Gesamtemissionen mit 2 %. In der Ausgabe vom 18. September 2020 der Fachzeitschrift TASPO räumte das Ministerium ein, dass „in diesem Schreiben … durch ein Büroversehen irrtümlich eine falsche Verhältniszahl verwendet“ wurde. Der Nationale Inventarbericht Deutschlands beziffert die gesamten deutschen Treibhausgasemissionen für das Jahr 2018 mit 858 Mio. t CO2e. Die in diesem Bericht für den Bereich Torfabbau und -nutzung berechneten Emissionen liegen bei 2,19 Mio. t CO2e und ihr Anteil an den Gesamtemissionen somit bei 0,26 %. Aber auch diese Werte bilden nicht die tatsächliche Situation ab. Eine Berechnung auf Basis aktueller Daten zu den Torfgewinnungsflächen in Deutschland und den Gewinnungsmengen im Mittel der Jahre 2017 bis 2019 ergibt einen Wert von 1,13 Mio. t CO2e. Dies entspricht 0,13 % der deutschen Gesamt- emissionen. Die Emissionen aus der Torfgewinnung haben sich zwischen 1990 und heute um 66 % vermindert. Bis 2030 wird die Reduzierung einen Wert von 85 % und bis 2040 einen Wert von 94 % erreichen.
    Description: In a letter addressed to the management of DIY and garden center chains in Germany in July this year, the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture calculated that the use of peat accounts for 2 % of total German greenhouse gas emissions. In the meantime, the ministry admitted to the German trade ma- gazine TASPO in its issue of September 18, 2020, that “in this letter ... an wrong ratio was mistakenly used by an office mistake”. Germany’s National Inventory Report puts the total German greenhouse gas emissions for the year 2018 at 858 million t CO2e. The emissions calculated in this report for the sector of peat extraction and its use are 2.19 million t CO2e and their share of total emissions is therefore 0.26 %. However, even these values do not correspond to the real situation. A calculation based on current data for the extraction areas in Germany and the extraction quantities on average for the years 2017 to 2019 results in a value of 1.13 million t CO2e. This corresponds to 0.13 % of total German emissions. Emissions from peat extraction have been reduced by 66 % from 1990 to the present. The reduction will reach 85 % by 2030 and 94 % by 2040.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Die vorliegende Zusammenstellung der Veröffentlichungen auf dem Gebiet „Moor und Torf“ umfasst 80 Titel. Der Anteil der uns bekannt gewordenen Neuveröffentlichungen beträgt 70 %.
    Description: DGMT
    Description: I. GEOWISSENSCHAFTEN ; II. TORFGEWINNUNG UND -VERWERTUNG ; III. LANDWIRTSCHAFT, FORSTWIRTSCHAFT UND GARTENBAU ; IV. CHEMIE, PHYSIK UND BIOLOGIE ; V. NATURSCHUTZ UND RAUMORDNUNG ; VI. MEDIZIN UND BALNEOLOGIE ; VII. VERSCHIEDENES ; VIII. GESETZE UND VERORDNUNGEN ; IX. KARTEN
    Description: bibliography
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 19
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-22
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2022-03-22
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2022-03-22
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2022-03-22
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 23
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-22
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:5628/5629;KART H 140:Römhild
    Publication Date: 2022-01-25
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 028 10 - 028 20 / N 0050 24 - 050 18.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Römhild ; Mendhausen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:5902/5903; KART H 140:Dasburg
    Publication Date: 2022-01-25
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 023 47 - E 024 00 / N 050 06 - N 050 00
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    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Dasburg ; Neuerburg ; FID-GEO-DE-7
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:5915[1879];KART H 140:Wiesbaden
    Publication Date: 2022-01-25
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 15 50 - E 16 00 / N 050 06 - N 050 00
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    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Wiesbaden ; FID-GEO-DE-7
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    Berliner Lithogr. Inst., Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:5814[1879];KART H 140:Langenschwalbach
    Publication Date: 2022-01-25
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
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    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  KART B 140:6002/6003;KART H 140:Mettendorf
    Publication Date: 2022-01-25
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 024 00 - E 024 20 / N 050 00 - N 049 48
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: Im linksrheinischen Mittleren und Oberen Buntsandstein werden Hoch- und Tiefstände des Baselevels rekonstruiert. Die jeweiligen Steuerungsfaktoren waren Meeresspiegel- Schwankungen und – vor allem – Tektonik, bei recht gleichbleibend (semi-)aridem Klima. In entsprechend begünstigten Zeitspannen konnten sogar weit landwärts gelegene Beckenbereiche kurzfristig seicht überflutet und intensiv karbonatisch-salinar beeinflusst werden. Violette Horizonte bzw. Grenzzonen entstanden. Vereinzelt erscheinen reliktisch erhaltene tidale Gefügemerkmale. Die im inneren Germanischen Becken entwickelten sequenzstratigraphischen Konzepte werden dargelegt, diskutiert und erweitert. Die Schichtenfolgen am Trier-Luxemburgischen Beckenrand und in der Pfalz werden diesbezüglich mit denen in rechtsrheinischen Gebieten (insbesondere mit der nordhessischen Kernbohrung Borken) verglichen. Es erweist sich eine komplexe Ereignisabfolge von tektonischen Pulsen und weiträumig wirksamen Meeresspiegel-Hochständen.
    Description: In the Middle and Upper Buntsandstein left of the river Rhine highstands and lowstands of the base-level are reconstructed. They were controlled by sealevel-fluctuations and – even more important – tectonics, whereas the climate kept quite constantly (semi-)arid. During favored periods of time even far landward positioned basin areas were subject to shallow marine floodings. They were intensely influenced by saline-carbonatic chemical conditions. So-called Violet Horizons resp. Violet Limit Zones generated. Tidal textural features have been preserved sporadically. Concepts of sequence stratigraphy, which have been evolved in the inner parts of the Germanic Basin are explained, discussed and expanded. Referring to that the lithostratigraphic columns of the Trier-Luxemburg basin margin and those of the Palatinate are compared with the successions on the right side of the river Rhine, especially with the core-profile Borken in northern Hesse. Finally a complex temporal succession of interacting tectonic pulses and far-reaching sealevel-highstands can be deduced.
    Description: Einführung in Teil IV 8. Zusammenfassende sequenzstratigraphische Ausdeutung 8.1 Grundlegende Fakten und Überlegungen 8.2 Die Violetten Grenzzonen als Abbild markanter transgressiver Ereignisse 8.3 Anhaltspunkte zur stratigraphischen „Einhängung“ (Korrelation) der regionalen Schichtenfolge 8.4 Die regionale Ereignisabfolge im Vergleich mit Ergebnissen aus östlicheren Gebieten 9. Abschließende sequenzstratigraphische Anmerkungen Schriften
    Description: research
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: Im Hunsrück (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge) ging ein intensiver Erzbergbau um. Die Erzvorkommen waren jedoch überwiegend nur von mittlerer bis geringer Bedeutung und wurden dementsprechend meist in Bergwerken geringer Größe und Teufe abgebaut. Daher sind auch die Schüttungen der auslaufenden Grubenwässer gering und zudem meist nur gering mineralisiert. Eine Ausnahme stellt die Grube Gute Hoffnung mit einer Gesamtteufe von über 800 Metern dar. Die letzten Bergwerke wurden in den 1960er Jahren geschlossen und geflutet. Die Grubenwässer stiegen bis auf das Niveau der morphologisch tiefsten Tagesöffnung an und fließen von dort in freiem Gefälle zum nächsten Vorfluter. Durch die Oxidation von (Di-)Sulfiden können saure Grubenwässer entstehen und erhebliche Frachten toxischer Spurenelemente freisetzen. In den wenigen bedeutenderen Gruben entstanden aber auch bedeutende Wasserreservoire, die in der Vergangenheit teilweise als Rohwasser für die Trinkwassergewinnung genutzt wurden. Saure Grubenwässer mit hohen Buntmetallfrachten sind auf wenige Einzelfälle beschränkt und haben keinen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die chemische und ökologische Gewässergüte der Gewässer.
    Description: The Hunsrück Mountains (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge) have a history of intensive and abundant ore mining. The last mines were closed and flooded in the 1960s. The mine water rose up to the level of the morphologically lowest adits with direct contact to the surface and flows from there to the receiving surface water. The oxidation of (di-)sulphides can cause acidic mine water and release toxic trace elements. However, ore mining in the Hunsrück was characterized by less significant ore deposits, which were mined in workings of small size and depth. The amount of mine water is correspondingly small, which also shows only a low level of mineralization. In the few more important mines however, significant water reservoirs were created, some of which were used in the past as raw water for drinking water production. Acidic mine waters with high non-ferrous metal loads are limited to a few individual cases and hardly have any influence on the chemical and ecological water quality.
    Description: research
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  • 59
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    Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik (DGEB) e.V. | Kiel
    Publication Date: 2022-07-13
    Description: This publication developed from the 5th International Colloquium on “Historical Earthquakes, Paleoseismology, Neotectonics and Seismic Hazard” which was held from 11 to 13 October 2017 at the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) in Hannover, Germany. In this colloquium, 75 experts from 17 countries presented and discussed recent results, ongoing studies and planned projects on the topics historical earthquakes, macroseismology, archeoseismology, paleoseismology, earthquake catalogues and databases, active faults, seismotectonics, neotectonics, and seismic hazard assessment.
    Description: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik
    Description: 〈b〉Introduction: Historical Earthquakes, Paleoseismology, Neotectonics and Seismic Hazard: New Insights and Suggested Procedures〈/b〉 〈br〉 〈i〉Diethelm Kaiser〈/i〉 〈br〉 〈a href="https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3868"〉 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3868〈/a〉〈br〉 〈br〉〈/br〉 〈b〉Best practice of macroseismic intensity assessment applied to the earthquake catalogue of southwestern Germany〈/b〉 〈br〉 〈i〉 Wolfgang Brüstle, Uwe Braumann, Silke Hock and Fee-Alexandra Rodler 〈/i〉〈br〉 〈a href="https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3864"〉 DOI:https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3864〈/a〉〈br〉 〈br〉〈/br〉 〈b〉The earthquake of September 3, 1770 near Alfhausen (Lower Saxony, Germany): a real, doubtful, or a fake event? 〈/b〉 〈br〉 〈i〉Günter Leydecker and Klaus Lehmann 〈/i〉 〈br〉〈a href="https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3865"〉 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3865〈/a〉〈br〉 〈br〉〈/br〉 〈b〉How well does known seismicity between the Lower Rhine Graben and southern North Sea reflect future earthquake activity? 〈/b〉 〈br〉 〈i〉Thierry Camelbeeck, Kris Vanneste, Koen Verbeeck, David Garcia-Moreno, Koen Van Noten and Thomas Lecocq 〈/i〉 〈br〉〈a href="https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3866"〉 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3866〈/a〉〈br〉 〈br〉〈/br〉 〈b〉The Paleoseismic Database of Germany and Adjacent Regions PalSeisDB v1.0〈/b〉〈br〉 〈i〉Jochen Hürtgen, Klaus Reicherter, Thomas Spies, Claudia Geisler and Jörg Schlittenhardt 〈/i〉 〈br〉〈a href="https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3867"〉 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3867〈/a〉〈br〉
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    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; ddc:554.3 ; ddc:550
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2022-07-26
    Description: Die Grundfeld-Terrasse des Obermains im Niveau von ca. 20 m über dem Fluss übermittelt ein sehr lang anhaltendes fluviales Gleichgewicht inmitten des großen Zyklus zwischen sedimentärem Aufwuchs und Eintiefung der Hangterrassentreppe. Sie kann durch den Profilaufbau ihres Fluments und durch die Lage innerhalb der Terrassentreppe des Mains oberhalb der vorletztglazialen Nassanger-Terrasse (Marines Isotopen-Stadium 6 = MIS 6) in das dritte Glazial vor heute gestellt werden (MIS 8). Aus der anhaltenden Gleichgewichtslage resultiert zweierlei: Am Obermain im Bereich des Albrandes lappt die Grundfeld-Terrasse mit ihrem jüngsten Teil seitlich über einen erodierten Sockel der viel älteren Main-Formation. Abseits des Haupttales und im Schutze von Hangsedimenten vom Albrand her blieb dort ihre jüngste fluviale Ausgestaltung sehr vollständig erhalten. Diese besteht aus vier dünnen fluvialen Sedimentdecken, die jeweils durch kräftige Bodenbildungen (Parabraunerden und kräftig entwickelte Braunerden) getrennt sind. Diese Sequenz bietet einen zwanglosen Vergleich mit dem MIS 7-Interglazialkomplex an. Zum andern ermöglichte die Gleichgewichtslage eine lange Seitenerosion des Mains, die zum Talwechsel vom Albmain zum Banzmain führte. Unterstützt wurde der Talwechsel durch Schuttzuführung vom Albrand her. Der Talwechsel kann auf spätes MIS 10 oder MIS 9 datiert werden, etwa 340-270 ka BP. Der auf die Grundfeld-Formation folgende Wechsel von Akkumulation zu Erosion fand Ende des MIS 7 oder zu Beginn des MIS 6 am Wechsel Interglazial zu Glazial statt.
    Description: 〈p〉Abstract:〈/p〉 In the Upper Main area the river flument of the antepenultimate glacial period (Gundfeld Flument, MIS 8) was deposited under a long equilibrium period of the Main River. First, this equilibrium stage resulted in overlapping of the youngest part of the Grundfeld Flument on an older flument socle, a degradation terrace of the Main Formation. The overlap part is subdivided into four small glacial deposits with cold climate indicators each separated by fossil soils of warm climate type as Luvisols and Cambisols of advanced stage. Thus, this overlap part can be compared to the well known MIS 7 with three pronounced interglacial periods separated by breviglacial periods. Secondly, the equilibrium period gave the Main River time enough for lateral erosion that resulted in a thalweg shift to the northwest to develop a quite new valley. The shift was triggered by augmented debris input from the high slope of the Franconian Alb down to the Main Valley. The thalweg shift is dated to late MIS 10 or to MIS 9 at about 340-270 ka BP. The incision between the Grundfeld Flument and the Nassanger Flument occurred at the end of MIS 7 or with the beginning of MIS 6 with the change of an interglacial to a glacial period.
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    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2022-07-26
    Description: In der heute vielfach frequentierten Urlaubsregion des Potten- steiner Karstgebirges bedingten noch in jüngerer Vergangenheit die intensiven Verkarstungserscheinungen in den Kalken, Mergeln und Dolomiten der Malm- schichten eine extreme Wasserarmut auf der Albhochfläche. Die Einwohner behalfen sich mit einer Vielzahl von Lösungsmöglichkeiten, die von der Nutzung von »Hüllen« über das aufwändige Graben von Ziehbrunnen bis hin zur Nutzung starker Karstquellen erstreckten. Trotzdem zieht sich die Problematik der Wasserversorgung bis in die Gegenwart hinein, wobei heute die qualitativen Besorgnisse den quantitativen Unzulänglichkeiten mindestens gleichzustellen sind. Während der vergangenen zehn Jahre waren in Nordbayern aufgrund der nunmehr vorherrschenden, außergewöhnlich warmen und trockenen Witterungsverhältnisse massive Niederschlagsdefizite zu beobachten. Hierbei waren vor al- lem die stark verringerten Niederschlagssummen während der Winterhalbjahre auffällig. Diese Witterungsverläufe verursachten im Karstgebirge der Frankenalb eine sehr mangelhafte Grundwasserneubildung, welche sich bis heute verfolgen lässt. Selbst während der jüngsten, sowohl in Süd- als auch in Westdeutschland aufgetretenen »sintflutartigen« Regenfälle waren im Karstgebirge der Frankenalb keine nennenswerte Grundwasserneubildungsraten zu verzeichnen. Trotzdem zeigte sich – inmitten der Trockenperioden – ein relativ häufiges Auftreten von kurzfristigen, aber teils beträchtlichen Starkniederschlägen, wodurch vor allem während der alljährlichen landwirtschaftlichen Vegetationsperioden die Risiken von plötzlich auftretenden Schadstoffeinträgen in die Karst- wasserkörper anstiegen. Im Ergebnis wurden immer wieder vor allem in dem – zur Pottensteiner Trinkwassergewinnung genutzten – Karstquellwasser des Aschenbrunnen (Oberes Püttlachtal) Kontaminationen festgestellt. Für das Pottensteiner Karstgebirge, welches aufgrund seiner besonderen tektonischen und stratigraphischen Gegebenheiten sowohl anspruchsvolle hydrogeologische Verhältnisse als auch eine besonders ausgeprägte Vulnerabilität der Karstwasservorräte aufweist, werden in dieser Arbeit zunächst die geologischen sowie hydrologischen Charakteristika und Besonderheiten aufgezeigt. Dieses soll als Grundlage für eine zweite, künftige Arbeit dienen, in welcher die Ergebnisse der seit vielen Jahren getätigten Karstwasseruntersuchungen dargelegt werden.
    Description: 〈p〉Abstract:〈/p〉 In the holiday region of the Pottenstein‘ Karstic Mountains, which is highly frequented today, the intensive karstification phenomena in the limestones, marls and dolomites of the Malm layers caused extreme water poverty on the Alb plateau in the recent past. The inhabitants came across to this with a multitude of possible solutions, ranging from the use of »Hüllen« to the laborious digging of draw wells to the using of strong karst springs. Nevertheless, the problem of water supply continues to the present day, whereby today the qualitative concerns are at least equal to the quantitative inadequacies. During the past ten years, massive deficits in precipitation have been observed in northern Bavaria due to the now prevailing, exceptionally warm and dry weather conditions. Particularly noticeable here were the greatly reduced precipitation during the winter months. In the Karstic Mountains of the Franconian Jura, these weather patterns caused very poor formation of new groundwater, which can be traced to this day. Even during the most recent »torrential« rains that occurred in both southern and western Germany, no significant new groundwater formation rates were recorded in the karstic mountains of the Franconian Alb. Nevertheless – in the midst of the dry periods – there was a relatively frequent occurrence of short-term, but sometimes considerable, heavy precipitation, which increased the sudden risk of inputing pollutants into the karst water bodies, especially during the annual agricultural vegetation periods. As a result, widespread contamination was found, especially in the karst spring water of the »Aschenbrunnen« (Upper Püttlachtal), which is used for Pottenstein‘s drinking water production. The Pottenstein‘s Karstic Mountains, which due to their special tectonic and stratigraphic conditions, have demanding hydrogeological conditions as well as a particularly pronounced vulnerability of the karst water supplies. The geological and hydrological characteristics and distinctions are shown in this work. This should serve as a basis for additional, future work, in which the results of the karst water investigations that have been carried out for many years will be presented.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2022-12-08
    Description: Hübner, A. (2020d) DEAL Verträge mit Springer Nature und Wiley – DEAL contracts with Springer Nature and Wiley. Handout für die Geowissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften
    Description: DFG
    Description: GFZ Potsdam
    Description: poster
    Keywords: DEAL
    Language: English
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2022-11-04
    Description: Der intensivierte Bau von Windrädern ermöglicht seit wenigen Jahren neue Einblicke in den Untergrund von Wald- und Ackerfluren der Mittelgebirge. In der Westpfalz entstanden 2017 bis 2019 umfangreiche Aufschlüsse bei der Erschließung des Windparks Bedesbach. Dabei wurden überwiegend Sedimente der Breitenbach-Formation des Oberkarbon angetroffen. Bedingt durch zahlreiche Störungen und wechselndes Einfallen der tektonischen Schollen konnte kein durchgehendes Profil aufgenommen, aber eine Kompilation von längeren Teilprofilen konstruiert werden. Zusammen mit etlichen Fossilfundpunkten ermöglicht das die Rekonstruktion einer von Rinnen durchzogenen Flusslandschaft mit kleinen Seen und Sümpfen. Von Zeit zu Zeit verursachte hoher Grundwasserspiegel eine länger anhaltende Flutung der Flussebene mit Entwicklung von mäßig tiefen Seen. Zeitweise wurden die Paläoökosysteme durch Eintrag von Aschen eines beckenexternen Vulkanismus gestört.
    Description: Abstract: Since a few years, the intensified construction of wind turbines allows new insight into the subsurface of forested and agriculturally farmed land of German low mountain ranges. In the Western Palatinate, extensive outcrops emerged in 2017 to 2019 during development of the Bedesbach wind farm. The majority of outcrops expose sediments of the Upper Carboniferous Breitenbach Formation. Due to faults and highly variable dip of strata in the numerous tectonic blocs of the area, a continuous section could not be recorded at one place but could be compiled from partially overlapping shorter sections at different places. Together with a number of fossil sites, this enables the reconstruction of an ancient river landscape with low-energy fluvial channels, extended floodplains, ponds and swamps. Sometimes, high groundwater level caused prolonged flooding of the fluvial plain with the development of moderately deep lakes. From time to time, the paleoecosystem was disturbed by ash falls from basin-external volcanism.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:554.3 ; ddc:562
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2022-12-22
    Description: Das Obere Mittelrheintal ist in den vergangenen Jahren mehrfach von Murgängen in Folge von Starkregenereignissen betroffen gewesen. Dadurch ereigneten sich immer wieder Zugunfälle mit weitreichenden Schäden. Es besteht daher ein Bedarf einer vorsorgenden Gefahrenanalyse, um weitere Sach- und ggf. auch Personenschäden nach Möglichkeit zu verhindern. Der hier vorgestellte Forschungsansatz hatte die Ausweisung unterschiedlicher Gefahrenzonen für Murenabgänge am Mittelrheintal zur Priorisierung ortsbezogener Vorsorgemaßnahmen zum Ziel. Weiter wurde die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Vorsorgemaßnahmen geprüft. Zur Erreichung der genannten Ziele wurden numerische Simulationen des Abflussgeschehens und Sedimenttransports durchgeführt. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass mittels der Module r.sim.water und r.sim.sediment unter der Open Source-Software GRASS GIS die Abflussbedingungen am Beispiel eines konkreten Starkregenereignisses und dadurch ausgelöster Muren in den Simulationen plausibel nachgestellt werden konnten. Dafür war die Implementation von realen Landnutzungs- und Bodendaten in das Modell entscheidend. Die Anwendbarkeit der Programme konnte weiterhin durch verschiedene Vorwärtssimulationen gezeigt werden, bei denen wichtige Parameter der Abflussbildung, wie etwa die Landnutzung und die Topographie, markant verändert wurden. Durch eine Verschneidung der aus den Simulationen errechneten Werte mit einem nach TRSTUVVU (1999) entwickelten Ansatz zur Ermittlung minimalkritischer Abflusswerte für die Entstehung eines Murgangs wurden gefährdete Bereiche für die Auslösung von Muren bei Starkregenereignissen im betrachteten Projektgebiet bestimmt. Diese decken sich mit den tatsächlichen Murgängen und können daher als plausibel eingeschätzt und für eine Gefährdungszonierung verwendet werden.
    Description: Abstract: In recent years, the Upper Middle Rhine Valley has been affected by several debris flow events as a result of heavy rainfall. As a result, several train accidents with far reaching damage occurred. Therefore there is a need for a precautionary hazard analysis in order to prevent further property damage and possibly personal injury. The here presented research approach is aimed to identify different danger zones for debris flows at the Middle Rhine Valley in order to prioritize location-based precautionary measures. The effectiveness of various preventive measures was also examined. Numerical simulations of the runoff and sediment transport were carried out on an open source basis to achieve the stated goals. Using the modules r.sim.water and r.sim.sediment under GRASS GIS it was possible to plausibly simulate the runoff conditions that triggered of a real double mudflow event following a heavy rainfall. A crucial adaptation was the implementation of real land use and soil data into the model. The applicability of the programs could also be demonstrated by various forward simulations in which important parameters of runoff formation, such as topography, were significantly altered. By overlapping the values that were calculated using simulations with an approach developed according to TRSTUVVU (1999) to determine minimally critical discharge values for the formation of a debris flow, endangered areas for the triggering of mudslides during heavy rain events in the project area could be determined. These coincide with the position of the actual debris flows and can therefore be assessed as plausible and also shows to possibility to be used for hazard zoning.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551.304 ; ddc:551.307 ; Mittelrheintal ; Muren ; Starkregen ; Sediment
    Language: German
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: open access ; DEAL Vertrag ; Geophysik
    Language: German
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: The German Rectors' Conference was commissioned by the Alliance of German Science Organisations to initiate the DEAL project in order to conclude nationwide licence agreements for the entire portfolio of electronic journals (e-journals) of major science publishers. DEAL negotiates on behalf of almost all German academic institutions such as universities, universities of applied sciences, research institutions, state and regional libraries. The aims of project DEAL are: A) The DEAL institutions have permanent full-text access to the entire title portfolio (e-journals) of the selected publishers. B) All publications by authors from German institutions are automatically made open access (CC-BY, incl. peer review). C) Appropriate pricing according to a simple, future-oriented calculation model based on the volume of publications. The second contract of project DEAL, the contract with the publisher Springer Nature, was signed on 8 January 2020. This contract differs only in a few details from the contract with the publisher Wiley, which was signed on 15 January 2019. The administrative/technical implementation with Wiley has been completed so that authors can publish Open Access under DEAL conditions. The implementation with Springer Nature will be realised within the coming months. The poster summarises the major changes for authors when publishing in Springer Nature and in Wiley journals, provides guidance on how to use the Wiley web-based "Author Dashboard" and explains how the national DEAL agreements differ from the previous "hybrid" publishing in closed access journals.
    Description: poster
    Keywords: open access ; open science
    Language: English
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Open Access to scientific literature and research data has significant advantages for researchers as well as for society as a whole. Researchers might gain from increased citation rates and from higher visibility of their research outputs, while researchers as well as the public benefit from a better accessibility of scientific literature and data. Increasingly, funding organisations such as the European Commission in the context of Horizon 2020-funded projects or the 16 national and international members of “Plan S” demand that publications that result from projects funded by them are made openly accessible. The poster outlines the different ways of publishing text and data in Open Access. After a brief overview of reasons for publishing Open Access, it points out different routes for publishing texts in Open Access (in Open-Access-Journals or self-archiving) and major aspects for FAIR and open data publication.
    Description: poster
    Keywords: open science ; Open Access
    Language: English
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: This study reviews research data policies and author instructions of 31 journals from the Earth sciences and from biodiversity that are published by German learned societies or research institutions. The statements on data publishing of the journal´s data policies/author guidelines were matched to 14 defined features of journal research data policies. A brief discussion on quality of data policies is presented to raise awareness of German learned societies/research institutions and to guide them towards improved data policies of their journals.
    Description: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4009195
    Description: research
    Keywords: research data policy journal FAIR Earth Sciences
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article , submittedVersion
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Die beiden von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Fachinformationsdienste Geowissenschaften (FID GEO) und Kartographie und Geobasisdaten (FID Karten) stellen ihre Dienstleistungen vor. Im Zentrum der FID-Dienste stehen Beratungsangebote und Services zum elektronischen Publizieren, zur Digitalisierung von Texten und Karten, zur Publikation von Forschungsdaten, Beratung beim Erwerb von Geobasisdaten sowie Erwerbung von Karten und Bereitstellung von Werkzeugen zur fachspezifischen Literaturrecherche. Wir geben Gelegenheit, diese Dienste genauer kennenzulernen, damit Sie diese Angebote für Ihre Wissenschaftler*innen vor Ort nutzen bzw. bei Ihren Forschenden bekannt machen können. Die Bibliotheken in den Forschungseinrichtungen sind für die Fachinformationsdienste wichtige Partner für den fachlichen Austausch, deshalb möchten wir mit Ihnen auch über Anforderungen und Herausforderungen bei Informationsinfrastrukturen, Openness und Beratung/Kommunikation sprechen.
    Description: abstract
    Keywords: Open Access ; Forschungsdaten ; Publikation ; Fachinformationsdienst ; Open Science
    Language: German
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Dieser Beitrag erklärt, wo die Fachzeitschrift Geophysical Journal International (GJI) in Bezug auf Open Access und offene Forschungsdaten steht. GJI wird gemeinsam von der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft (DGG) und der Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) beim Verlag Oxford University Press (OUP) herausgegeben.
    Description: report
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Open science practices like the publication of research data promote transparency and quality as well as and visibility of scientific work. It may open up important possibilities for further research. Many research funding agencies, universities and science organisations are committed to the publication of research data as a standard of scientific practice. However, researchers still struggle with data publication, often because curation efforts for data are in competition with other tasks and related uncertainness about impact on career advancement and reputation. A further aspect hindering widespread practice of data publication is lack of awareness of how and where to publish data according to current best practices. To overcome the latter, current elements of best practices in data publishing according to current FAIR and Open recommendations, including insights from the project ‘Enabling FAIR Data in the Earth, Space, and Environmental Sciences’ and examples from the data publishing platform ‘GFZ Data Services’ will be presented. Among others, author requirements for data description, licensing of data sets as well as current efforts in open data metrics will be addressed.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: Forschungsdaten ; Open Science ; Geoscience
    Language: German
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Open science practices like the publication of research data promote transparency and quality as well as and visibility of scientific work. It may open up important possibilities for further research. Many research funding agencies, universities and science organisations are committed to the publication of research data as a standard of scientific practice. However, researchers still struggle with data publication, often because curation efforts for data are in competition with other tasks and related uncertainness about impact on career advancement and reputation. A further aspect hindering widespread practice of data publication is lack of awareness of how and where to publish data according to current best practices. To overcome the latter, current elements of best practices in data publishing according to current FAIR and Open recommendations, including insights from the project ‘Enabling FAIR Data in the Earth, Space, and Environmental Sciences’ and examples from the data publishing platform ‘GFZ Data Services’ will be presented. Among others, author requirements for data description, licensing of data sets as well as current efforts in open data metrics will be addressed.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Data Management ; Open Access
    Language: German
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Open Access to scientific literature and research data has significant advantages for researchers as well as for society as a whole. Researchers might gain from increased citation rates and from higher visibility of their research outputs, while researchers as well as the public benefit from a better accessibility of scientific literature and data. Increasingly, funding organisations such as the European Commission in the context of Horizon 2020-funded projects or the 16 national and international members of “Plan S” demand that publications that result from projects funded by them are made openly accessible. The poster outlines the different ways of publishing text and data in Open Access. After a brief overview of reasons for publishing Open Access, it points out different routes for publishing texts in Open Access (in Open-Access-Journals or self-archiving) and major aspects for FAIR and open data publication.
    Description: DFG, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Open Access
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: The German Rectors' Conference was commissioned by the Alliance of German Science Organisations to initiate the DEAL project in order to conclude nationwide licence agreements for the entire portfolio of electronic journals (e-journals) of major science publishers. DEAL negotiates on behalf of almost all German academic institutions such as universities, universities of applied sciences, research institutions, state and regional libraries. The aims of project DEAL are: A) The DEAL institutions have permanent full-text access to the entire title portfolio (e-journals) of the selected publishers. B) All publications by authors from German institutions are automatically made open access (CC-BY, incl. peer review). C) Appropriate pricing according to a simple, future-oriented calculation model based on the volume of publications. The second contract of project DEAL, the contract with the publisher Springer Nature, was signed on 8 January 2020. This contract differs only in a few details from the contract with the publisher Wiley, which was signed on 15 January 2019. The administrative/technical implementation with Wiley has been completed so that authors can publish Open Access under DEAL conditions. The implementation with Springer Nature will be realised within the coming months. The poster summarises the major changes for authors when publishing in Springer Nature and in Wiley journals, provides guidance on how to use the Wiley web-based "Author Dashboard" and explains how the national DEAL agreements differ from the previous "hybrid" publishing in closed access journals.
    Description: DFG, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; DEAL ; Open Access
    Language: German
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Open Access für wissenschaftliche Texte / Publikation von Forschungsdaten. Online Workshop, Bundesfachschaftentagung Aachen (10.11.2020) Dieser Workshop hat zwei Schwerpunkte: im ersten Teil geht es um Open Access von Artikeln in Fachzeitschriften, im zweiten Teil wird diskutiert, warum Daten veröffentlicht werden sollen und wie das nach aktuellen Standards einfach möglich ist. Beide Themen sind Aspekte von Open Science: alle Bestandteile des wissenschaftlichen Prozesses sollen über das Internet offen zugänglich und nachnutzbar sein, um neue Möglichkeiten im Umgang mit wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen für Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft zu eröffnen.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Open Access
    Language: German
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2022-11-28
    Description: Mass fractions of Cu, Zn, Ga, Ag, Cd, In, Sn and Tl were determined via isotope dilution quadrupole ICP-MS in twenty-one geological reference materials (RMs) and the carbonaceous chondrites Orgueil (CI1), Murchison (CM2) and Allende (CV3). The RMs comprise basaltic/mafic (BCR-2, BE-N, BHVO-1, BHVO-2, BIR-1, BRP-1, JB-2, OKUM, W-2, WS-E), intermediate/felsic (AGV-2, G-2, JA-2, RGM-1), ultramafic (DTS-2b, MUH-1, PCC-1, UB-N) and sedimentary (MAG-1, OU-6) rocks. Pressure digestion was applied for nonbasaltic samples to ensure effective sample digestion. For basaltic RMs, hot plate digestion was found to be sufficient for a quantitative recovery of the target elements. To minimise interferences and increase ion beam intensities during isotope ratio analyses by ICP-MS, separation of the target elements was carried out from single sample aliquots using a novel anion exchange procedure. The intermediate precision (2s) estimated from two to four replicate analyses was usually 〈 4% and results are in agreement with literature data, where available. Especially for Ag and Tl, the intermediate precision was compromised, likely due to low ion beam intensities and, hence, higher background and blank contributions. For ultramafic RMs, nugget effects and incomplete digestion might compromise the intermediate precision. Results for the carbonaceous chondrites Orgueil (CI1), Murchison (CM2) and Allende (CV3) agree well with previously reported data.
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; isotope dilution ; chalcophile elements ; geological reference materials ; chondrites ; Q-ICP-MS
    Language: English
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2022-01-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Existing methodologies for estimating woody aboveground biomass and carbon stored therein have been developed for forests but are not tailored to the vast dryland ecosystems where vegetation is heterogenous and highly disturbed. Still, those methods are widely applied with questionable results and possible problematic implications, not only for biomass quantification but also for disturbance ecology, biodiversity research, and ecosystem service assessments. We hereby propose a new methodology especially designed to encompass small, disturbed, and irregular woody growth while keeping sampling effort within reasonable limits. Meaningful demographic growth classes are deployed which enable a stratified sampling design and structure a practicable workflow for integration of different allometric models. To account for the high natural and anthropogenic disturbance levels typically shaping dryland vegetation, our method incorporates a detailed damage assessment by harnessing the ecological archive contained in trees. This allows for quantification of biomass losses to certain disturbance agents, uncovers interactive effects between disturbance agents, and enables assessing the impact of disturbance regime shifts. Extrapolation of biomass losses to stand or landscape level also greatly improves the usual reference state comparison approach. Here, we review the problems of conventional methodologies being applied to drylands, develop and present the improved method proposed by us, and perform a formal method comparison between the two. Results indicate that the conventional allometric method is systematically underestimating biomass and carbon storage in disturbed dryland ecosystems. The bias is highest where general biomass density is lowest and disturbance impacts are severest. Damage assessment demonstrates a dependency between main disturbance agents (elephants and fire) while generally biomass is decreased by increasing elephant densities. The method proposed by us is more time consuming than a conventional allometric approach, yet it can cover sufficient areas within reasonable timespans. Consequent higher data accuracy with concomitant applicability to a wider range of research questions are worth the effort. The proposed method can easily be attuned to other ecosystems or research questions, and elements of it may be adapted to fit alternative sampling schemes.
    Description: Other
    Description: This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review. The finally published paper can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108466
    Keywords: Ecology ; Biota ; Biomass ; Carbon ; Carbon Storage Dynamics ; Conservation Areas ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; National Park ; Vegetation ; Vegetation Structure ; Wildlife
    Type: Text , Text
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2022-01-05
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Central Andean orogeny is caused by the subduction of the Nazca oceanic plate beneath the South-American continental plate. In Particular, the Southern Central Andes (SCA, 27°-40°S) are characterized by a strong N-S and E-W variation in the crustal deformation style and intensity. Despite being the surface geology relatively well known, the information on the deep structure of the upper plate in terms of its thickness and density configurations is still scarcely constrained. Previous seismic studies have focused on the crustal structure of the northern part of the SCA (~27°-33°S) based upon 2D cross-sections, while 3D crustal models centred on the South-American or the Nazca Plate have been published with lower resolution. To gain insight into the present-day state of the lithosphere in the area, we derived a 3D model that is consistent with both the available geological and seismic data and with the observed gravity field. The model consists on a continental plate with sediments, a two-layer crust and the lithospheric mantle being subducted by an oceanic plate. The model extension covers an area of 700 km x 1100 km, including the orogen, the forearc and the forelands.
    Description: Methods
    Description: Different data sets were integrated to derive the lithospheric features: - We used the global relief model of ETOPO1 (Amante and Eakins 2009) for the topography and bathymetry. - The sub-surface structures were defined by integrating seismically constrained models, including the South-American crustal thickness of Assumpção et al. (2013; model A; 0.5 degree resolution), the sediment thickness of CRUST1 (Laske et al. 2013) and the slab geometry of SLAB2 (Hayes et al. 2018). - Additionally, we included seismic reflection and refraction profiles performed on the Chile margin (Araneda et al. 2003; Contreras-Reyes et al. 2008, 2014, 2015; Flueh et al. 1998; Krawzyk et al. 2006; Moscoso et al. 2011; Sick et al. 2006; Von Huene et al. 1997). - Besides, we used sediment thickness maps from the intracontinental basin database ICONS (6 arc minute resolution, Heine 2007) and two oceanic sediment compilations: one along the southern trench axis (Völker et al. 2013) and another of global-scale (GlobSed; Straume et al. 2019). To build the interfaces between the main lithospheric features, we compiled and interpolated these datasets on a regular grid with a surface resolution of 25 km. For that purpose, the convergent algorithm of the software Petrel was used. We assigned constant densities within each layer, except for the lithospheric mantle. In this case, we implemented a heterogeneous distribution by converting s-wave velocities from the SL2013sv seismic tomography (Schaeffer and Lebedev 2013) to densities. The python tool VelocityConversion was used for the conversion (Meeßen 2017). To further constrain the crustal structure of the upper plate, a gravity forward modelling was carried out using IGMAS+ (Schmidt et al. 2010). The gravity anomaly from the model (calculated gravity) was compared to the free-air anomaly from the global gravity model EIGEN-6C4 (observed gravity; Förste et al 2014; Ince et al. 2019). Subsequently, the crystalline crust of the upper plate was split vertically into two layers of different densities. We inverted the residual between calculated and observed gravity to compute the depth to the interface between the two crustal layers. For the inverse modelling of the gravity residual, the Python package Fatiando a Terra was used (Uieda et al. 2013) For each layer, the depth to the top surface, thickness and density can be found as separate files. All files contain identical columns: - Northing as "X Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; - Easting as "Y Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; - depth to the top surface as "Top (m.a.s.l)" and - thickness of each layer as "Thickness (m)". The header ‘Density’ indicates the bulk density of each unit in kg/m3. For the oceanic and continental mantle units, a separate file is provided with a regular grid of the density distribution with a lateral resolution of 8 km x 9 km and a vertical resolution of 5 km. The containing columns are: Northing as "X Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; Easting as "Y Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; depth as "Depth (m.a.s.l)" and density as "Density (kg/m3)"
    Keywords: Lithosphere ; Gravity Modelling ; Andes ; EARTH SCIENCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 TOPOGRAPHICAL RELIEF ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY 〉 BATHYMETRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC LANDFORMS 〉 MOUNTAINS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC PROCESSES 〉 SUBDUCTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 SEDIMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 GEOLOGIC/TECTONIC/PALEOCLIMATE MODELS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 79
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    Schweizerbart
    In:  In: Tiefsee - Vielfalt in der Dunkelheit. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 168-173. ISBN 978-3-510-61415-8
    Publication Date: 2022-01-06
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 80
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    EuroSea
    In:  EuroSea Deliverable, D3.1 . EuroSea, 12 pp.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: This document outlines the main communication objectives, messages, audiences, and tools of the EuroSea project
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: The Q10 temperature coefficient, which is widely used in scientific literature, is a measure of the temperature sensitivity of chemical reaction rates or biological processes. However, the conclusions drawn from applying this coefficient to experimental data obtained from biological processes are not universal. In many biological processes, Q10 values are often discordant with the results predicted by the Arrhenius law. The hypothesis tested in the present study is that this problem arises mainly from the fact that the Q10 coefficient is defined by the ratio between rates described by exponential laws instead of power laws. Considering this hypothesis and the need to review the mathematical laws and models currently used to describe rates and Q10 coefficients, we propose a model beyond the usual Arrhenius theory or exponential decay law herein. The proposed mathematical model is based on the theory of deformed exponential functions, with the ordinary Q10 model representing the conventional exponential function. Therefore, all results following the standard model remain valid. Moreover, we include a Q10 free open-source code, written in Python, and compatible with Windows, Linux and macOS platforms. The validation of the proposed model and confirmation of the given hypothesis were performed based on the following temperature-dependent biological processes: soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition (which is essential to forecast the impact of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems); the metabolism of Arctic zooplankton; physiological processes of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems; rate of oxygen consumption in mitochondria of the eurythermal killifish Fundulus heteroclitus, and leaf respiration.
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: The results of ice and hydrological studies of the shallow Bay of Braganzavågen (Van Mayen Fjord Bay, West Spitsbergen Island) in March 2016 and 2018, supplemented with model calculations using a thermodynamic model, are presented. The model uses both known methods of localizing the phase transition region-the classical (frontal) for fast ice and in an extended area (two-phase zone) for bottom sediments. For real atmospheric conditions of winter 2015-2016, the new qualitative features of the process of ice formation in the adjacent layers of sea water and bottom soil are revealed. However, due to insufficient knowledge of the heat and mass transfer properties of bottom sediments, the question of quantitative estimates of the process remains open and can be clarified in special field experiments.
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Since 2010, the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite mission monitors the earth emission at L-Band. It provides the longest time series of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) from space over the global ocean. However, the SSS retrieval at high latitudes is a challenge because of the low sensitivity L-Band radiometric measurements to SSS in cold waters and to the contamination of SMOS measurements by the vicinity of continents, of sea ice and of Radio Frequency Interferences. In this paper, we assess the quality of weekly SSS fields derived from swath-ordered instantaneous SMOS SSS (so called Level 2) distributed by the European Space Agency. These products are filtered according to new criteria. We use the pseudo-dielectric constant retrieved from SMOS brightness temperatures to filter SSS pixels polluted by sea ice. We identify that the dielectric constant model and the sea surface temperature auxiliary parameter used as prior information in the SMOS SSS retrieval induce significant systematic errors at low temperatures. We propose a novel empirical correction to mitigate those sources of errors at high latitudes. Comparisons with in-situ measurements ranging from 1 to 11 m depths spotlight huge vertical stratification in fresh regions. This emphasizes the need to consider in-situ salinity as close as possible to the sea surface when validating L-band radiometric SSS which are representative of the first top centimeter. SSS Standard deviation of differences (STDD) between weekly SMOS SSS and in-situ near surface salinity significantly decrease after applying the SSS correction, from 1.46 pss to 1.28 pss. The correlation between new SMOS SSS and in-situ near surface salinity reaches 0.94. SMOS estimates better capture SSS variability in the Arctic Ocean in comparison to TOPAZ reanalysis (STDD between TOPAZ and in-situ SSS = 1.86 pss), particularly in river plumes with very large SSS spatial gradients.
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: The current geochronological state of the art for applying the radiocarbon (14C) method to deep-sea sediment archives lacks key information on sediment bioturbation. Here, we apply a sediment accumulation model that simulates the sedimentation and bioturbation of millions of foraminifera, whereby realistic 14C activities (i.e. from a 14C calibration curve) are assigned to each single foraminifera based on its simulation time step. We find that the normal distribution of 14C age typically used to represent discrete-depth sediment intervals (based on the reported laboratory 14C age and measurement error) is unlikely to be a faithful reflection of the actual 14C age distribution for a specific depth interval. We also find that this deviation from the actual 14C age distribution is greatly amplified during the calibration process. Specifically, we find a systematic underestimation of total geochronological error in many cases (by up to thousands of years), as well as the generation of age–depth artefacts in downcore calibrated median age. Even in the case of “perfect” simulated sediment archive scenarios, whereby sediment accumulation rate (SAR), bioturbation depth, reservoir age and species abundance are all kept constant, the 14C measurement and calibration processes generate temporally dynamic median age–depth artefacts on the order of hundreds of years – whereby even high SAR scenarios (40 and 60 cm kyr−1) are susceptible. Such age–depth artefacts can be especially pronounced during periods corresponding to dynamic changes in the Earth's Δ14C history, when single foraminifera of varying 14C activity can be incorporated into single discrete-depth sediment intervals. For certain lower-SAR scenarios, we find that downcore discrete-depth true median age can systematically fall outside the calibrated age range predicted by the 14C measurement and calibration processes, thus leading to systematically inaccurate age estimations. In short, our findings suggest the possibility of 14C-derived age–depth artefacts in the literature. Furthermore, since such age–depth artefacts are likely to coincide with large-scale changes in global Δ14C, which themselves can coincide with large-scale changes in global climate (such as the last deglaciation), 14C-derived age–depth artefacts may have been previously incorrectly attributed to changes in SAR coinciding with global climate. Our study highlights the need for the development of improved deep-sea sediment 14C calibration techniques that include an a priori representation of bioturbation for multi-specimen samples.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: It is a good method to utilize the grain size distribution curves and cumulative frequency curves of marine or river sediments to estimate the hydrodynamic conditions, transportation processes and sedimentary environment. However, researchers can only rely on Excel or Grapher to plot the curves one by one at the present day. The manual plotting procedures are complicated, and calculating the truncation points is time-consuming. To solve the aforementioned problems, we have developed a software tool to plot cumulative frequency curves and calculate the values of truncation points automatically. The software has the ability to plot curves of hundreds of samples accurately and rapidly, promoting researchers to analyze transport mechanisms and hydrodynamic environments. And it is convenient to apply the software to compare the processes of transportation and deposition between different samples.
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: The exhumation of peridotite rocks in oceanic transform zones passes by the rheological transition between the ductile and brittle deformation until the complete emplacement in the oceanic lithosphere. The São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago (SPSPA), in the Equatorial Atlantic, records the deformational products of ductile, brittle and the rocks/fluid interaction generating specific structures in each domain. The deformational stages are related to the transpressional and transtensional geodynamics of São Paulo Transform Fault. Firstly, during transpression, exhumation occurs associated with the ductile domain causing intense mylonitization in temperatures between ~700° and 800 °C, defined by olivine and orthopyroxene recrystallization. The interaction with fluids initially originated from the mantle generates amphibole and oxide-rich layers marking the passage to a semi-brittle deformation. The continuation of peridotite exhumation, associated with an NW-SE shortening and transpressional led to a higher availability of hydrothermal fluids. As a consequence, four serpentinization episodes are recorded, which are associated with semi-brittle to brittle transition under temperatures between 300° and 400 °C. Finally, the complete exhumation and establishment of brittle mechanisms led to carbonatation phase near the surface, with temperatures ranging from 300° to 150 °C. The active NW-SE tectonic stress generated E-W strike-slip faults that were filled by carbonates recording the final exhumation stage.
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: The infaunal living clypeasteroid echinoid genus Echinocyamus is considered a model organism for various ecological and paleontological studies since its distribution ranges from the polar regions to the tropics, and from shallow-marine settings to the deep-sea. Deep-sea analyses of this genus are rare, but imperative for the understanding and function of these important ecosystems. During the 2012 Southern Surveyor expedition, 35 seamounts off the east coast of Australia were dredged in depths greater than 800 m. Of these, six dredges contained a total of 18 deep-sea Echinocyamus tests. The tests have been analyzed for taphonomic alterations including abrasion patterns, macro-borings, micro-borings, depressions on the test, test staining, test filling, encrustation, and fragmentation. Findings are interpreted in the context of the deep-sea setting and are compared to Echinocyamus samples from shallow-water environments. Results show that abrasion in deep-sea environments is generally high, especially in ambulacral and genital pores indicating that tests can persist for a long time on the seafloor. This contrasts with shallow-water Echinocyamus that show lower abrasion due to early test destruction. Macro-borings are present as single or paired holes with straight vertical profiles resembling Lithophaga borings. Micro-borings are abundant and most likely the result of sponge or fungal activity. Depressions on the tests, such as scars or pits, are likely the result of trauma or malformation during ontogeny. Test staining is common, but variable, and is associated with FE/Mn oxidation and authigenic clays based on elemental analyses. Test filling occurs as loose or lithified sediment. Encrustation is present in the form of rudimentary crusts and biofilms. No macro-organisms were found on the tests. Biofilm composition differs from shallow-water environments in that organisms captured in the biofilm reflect aphotic conditions or sedimentation of particles from higher in the water column (e.g., coccoliths). Fragmentation is restricted to the apical system and pore regions. Results of this first comparative study on deep-sea Echinocyamus from Australian seamounts show that the minute tests can survive for a long time in these settings and undergo environmental specific taphonomic processes reflected in various taphonomic alterations.
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  • 89
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    Elsevier
    In:  Environmental Technology & Innovation, 17 . Art.-Nr.: 100567.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: The present state of constantly increasing plastic pollution is the major concern of scientific researchers. The conventional techniques applied (i.e., burning and landfilling) to get plastic degraded from the environment are inadequate due to harmful byproducts and limited to its recycling. In this review, we have recapitulated recent biotechnological approaches, including synthetic microbial consortia, systems biology tools, and genetic engineering techniques which can pave the path towards the plastic bioremediation and degradation. Moreover, potential plastic degrader microbes and their degradation pathways are also summarized. Lastly, this review focuses on enhancing the understanding of the degradation ability of microorganisms using contemporary biotechnological tools.
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  • 90
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    IOP Publishing
    In:  IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 606 . Art.Nr. 012032.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: This paper describes the characteristics of atmospheric surface layer and heat balance components of snow-ice cover during drift of RV "Akademik Treshnikov" to the north of the archipelagos Franz Josef Land and Svalbard, in the area 80 - 82N, 30 - 45E, in comparison with observations at drifting station North Pole-35", worked in the same area in April 2008, and "Ice Base Cape Baranova" in April 2019. Characteristics of atmospheric surface layer and the energy exchange processes during the drift of the expedition"Transarctica-2019" were significantly affected by the presence of clouds and the state of the ice cover. The influence of these factors led to a decrease in the radiative cooling of the surface, the formation of a warmer and wetter ABL and to a weakening of the turbulent exchange between the atmosphere and the snow-ice cover. Comparison of energy exchange characteristics, calculated for the Bolshevik Island (79° N) and for expedition "Transarctica 2019" area shows good agreement between the monthly averaged values and trends in heat fluxes, despite the fact that in the first case the underlying surface was sea ice cover, and in the second it was the land surface.
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Atmospheric deposition of aerosols to the ocean provides an important pathway for the supply of vital micronutrients, including trace metals. These trace metals are essential for phytoplankton growth, and therefore their delivery to marine ecosystems can strongly influence the ocean carbon cycle. The solubility of trace metals in aerosols is a key parameter to better constrain their potential impact on phytoplankton growth. To date, a wide range of experimental approaches and nomenclature have been used to define aerosol trace metal solubility, making data comparison between studies difficult. Here we investigate and discuss several laboratory leaching protocols to determine the solubility of key trace metals in aerosol samples, namely iron, cobalt, manganese, copper, lead, vanadium, titanium and aluminium. Commonly used techniques and tools are also considered such as enrichment factor calculations and air mass back-trajectory projections and recommendations are given for aerosol field sampling, laboratory processing (including leaching and digestion) and analytical measurements. Finally, a simple 3-step leaching protocol combining commonly used protocols is proposed to operationally define trace metal solubility in aerosols. The need for standard guidelines and protocols to study the biogeochemical impact of atmospheric trace metal deposition to the ocean has been increasingly emphasised by both the atmospheric and oceanographic communities. This lack of standardisation currently limits our understanding and ability to predict ocean and climate interactions under changing environmental conditions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Dissemination of project’s results and engagement with stakeholders towards a sustained results’ exploitation are intrinsically evolving. The vision of the project’s dissemination at the start of it should evolve as the activities progress. This plan presents an update on the EuroSea dissemination plans as seen a year after the kick-off.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Highlights • Regional brain iron concentrations are heterogenous. • Regional distribution of iron is most consistent with ferritin mRNA expression. • SEC-ICP-MS reveals the protein masses that cytosolic iron is associated with. • More than 50 % of cytosolic iron is associated with ferritin. Iron is essential for brain development and health where its redox properties are used for a number of neurological processes. However, iron is also a major driver of oxidative stress if not properly controlled. Brain iron distribution is highly compartmentalised and regulated by a number of proteins and small biomolecules. Here, we examine heterogeneity in regional iron levels in 10 anatomical structures from seven post-mortem human brains with no apparent neuropathology. Putamen contained the highest levels, and most case-to-case variability, of iron compared with the other regions examined. Partitioning of iron between cytosolic and membrane-bound iron was generally consistent in each region, with a slightly higher proportion (55 %) in the ‘insoluble’ phase. We expand on this using the Allen Human Brain Atlas to examine patterns between iron levels and transcriptomic expression of iron regulatory proteins and using quantitative size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to assess regional differences in the molecular masses to which cytosolic iron predominantly binds. Approximately 60 % was associated with ferritin, equating to approximately 25 % of total tissue iron essentially in storage. This study is the first of its kind in human brain tissue, providing a valuable resource and new insight for iron biologists and neuroscientists, alike.
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: The aim of this study was to investigate the syntrophic methanogenesis from the perspective of energy transfer and competition. Effects of redox materials and redox potential on direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) were examined through thermodynamic analysis based on the energy distribution principle. Types of redox materials could affect the efficiency of DIET via changing the total energy supply of the syntrophic methanogenesis. Decreasing system redox potential could facilitate DIET through increasing the total available energy. The competition between hydrogenotrophic methanogens and DIET methanogens might be the reason for the low proportion of the DIET pathway in the syntrophic methanogenesis. A facilitation mechanism of DIET was proposed based on the energy distribution. Providing sufficient electrons, inhibiting hydrogenotrophic methanogens and adding more competitive redox couples to avoid hydrogen generation might be beneficial for the facilitation of DIET.
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Marine macroalgae, seaweeds, are exceptionally prolific producers of halogenated natural products. Biosynthesis of halogenated molecules in seaweeds is inextricably linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling as hydrogen peroxide serves as a substrate for haloperoxidase enzymes that participate in the construction these halogenated molecules. Here, using red macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis, a prolific producer of the ozone depleting molecule bromoform, we provide the discovery and biochemical characterization of a ROS-producing NAD(P)H oxidase from seaweeds. This discovery was enabled by our sequencing of Asparagopsis genomes, in which we find the gene encoding the ROS-producing enzyme to be clustered with genes encoding bromoform-producing haloperoxidases. Biochemical reconstitution of haloperoxidase activities establishes that fatty acid biosynthesis can provide viable hydrocarbon substrates for bromoform production. The ROS production haloperoxidase enzymology that we describe here advances seaweed biology and biochemistry by providing the molecular basis for decades worth of physiological observations in ROS and halogenated natural product biosyntheses.
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  • 96
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    RSC (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    In:  Natural Product Reports, 37 (9). pp. 1262-1283.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Siderophores are natural products which have attracted interest due to their ability to bind metal ions with high affinities. This review considers the complex formation of these natural chelators with all kinds of different metal and metalloid ions and links their chelating properties to potential biotechnological applications and towards environmental context.
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  • 97
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    EuroSea
    In:  EuroSea Deliverable, D3.2 . EuroSea, 29 pp.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Report on assessment of the EuroSea observational (and thematic) networks coordination This Deliverable serves to present the initial situation, in terms of coordination, of the observation and thematic networks in EuroSea represented in work package 3 (WP3). The networks include the networks represented in EuroGOOS and additional ones. The study is based on a comprehensive questionnaire that was answered by all EuroSea WP3 tasks. In addition, information from the Global Observing Networks of GOOS was considered. An important basis for the questionnaire was the list of "Network Attributes, Commitment and Benefits -What it means to be an OPA network" which was compiled by the Observation coordination group (OCG) of GOOS. This deliverable is linked to the deliverable D3.10 that will repeat the assessment at the end of the EuroSea project to assess the evolution of the coordination over the period of the EuroSea project. The present study shows that the observation and thematic networks in EuroSea all have highly developed coordination mechanism elements, except for task 3.7 - ASV, which represents a new network to be established. Given the spectrum of coordination themes and envisioned targets significant heterogeneity across the networks is also evident. The coordination of ship-based observations is not fully represented in EuroSea (and thus in EuroGOOS) and ideally this task should have been divided into research vessels and commercial vessels (container ships, ferries) but as it stands currently is dominated by one technology only (Ferrybox). This reflects the situation in EuroGOOS. For the thematic networks it is interesting to note that the observatories that are operated in task 3.8 (Augmented observatories) are not represented in the observational networks (task 3.1-3.7). The assessment presented in this deliverable has its focus on the status quo. It does not question or analyze the necessity for individuals, institutions and countries to be represented in a network - “Why should individuals, institutions or countries feel a need or a motivation to engage with the networks?”. It seems logical that networks are only founded, maintained and developed when individuals see an advantage in their involvement in a network – for themselves, their institution or a country. The "characteristics" of the apparent advantage of contributing to a network is likely of central importance. For example, if the advantage is only that there are no disadvantages (e.g. fines), a further development and improvement of the network is questionable. This important investigation of the motivation of individuals will be part of final assessment prepared in D3.10.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: This report presents the work plan of the Task 2.3: Observing System Simulation Experiments: impact of multi-platform observations for the validation of satellite observations
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Highlights • NH4NO3, Tris-HCl, and NH4CH3COO are optimal buffers for use in SEC-ICP-MS metalloprotein analyses. • Optimal range of buffer concentration is 50–200 mM in SEC-ICP-MS. • 100 mM concentration reduces both protein column interactions and ICP-MS maintenance. • Dextran-based columns are best suited for the analysis of apo-copper proteins. The correct identification of the metalloproteins present in human tissues and fluids is essential to our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underpinning a host of health disorders. Separation and analysis of biological samples are typically done via size exclusion chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS). Although this technique can be extremely effective in identification of potential metalloproteins, the choice of mobile phase may have a marked effect on results, results by adversely affecting metal-protein bonds of the metalloproteins of interest. To assess the choice of mobile phase on SEC-ICP-MS resolution and the resulting metalloproteome pattern, we analysed several different sample types (brain homogenate; Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1); a molecular weight standard mix containing ferritin (Ft), ceruloplasmin (Cp), cytochrome c (CytC), vitamin B12 (B12) and thyroglobulin (Tg) using six different mobile phase conditions (200 mM, pH 7.5 solutions of ammonium salts nitrate, acetate, and sulfate; HEPES, MOPS and Tris-HCl). Our findings suggest that ammonium nitrate, ammonium acetate and Tris-HCl are optimal choices for the mobile phase, with the specific choice being dependent on both the number of samples and method of detection that is hyphenated with separation. Furthermore, we found that MOPS, HEPES and ammonium sulfate mobile phases all caused significant changes to peak resolution, retention time and overall profile shape. MOPS and HEPES, in particular, produced additional Fe peaks that were not detected with any of the other mobile phases that were investigated. As well as this, MOPS and HEPES both caused significant concentration dependent matrix suppression of the internal standard.
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Fusarium oxysporum is a destructive root-infecting plant pathogen that causes significant yield losses in many economically important crop species. Hence, a deeper understanding of pathogen infection strategies is needed. With liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry platforms, we analyzed the metabolic changes in a time-course experiment with Arabidopsis accessions either resistant (Col-0) or susceptible (Ler-0) to isolates of Fusarium oxysporum forma specialis matthioli infection. We showed a concurrent effect of Fusarium-derived polyols and the mycotoxin beauvericin in the suppression of the immune response of susceptible hosts. A significant increase in oxidized glutathione in the resistant host was probably associated with effective reactive oxygen species-mediated resistance responses. Through a combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics, we demonstrated the concurrent action of several Arabidopsis defense systems as well as the concurrent action of several virulence systems in the fungal attack of susceptible Arabidopsis.
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