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  • 1
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    Lithospheric-scale 3D model of the Southern Central Andes (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-05
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The Central Andean orogeny is caused by the subduction of the Nazca oceanic plate beneath the South-American continental plate. In Particular, the Southern Central Andes (SCA, 27°-40°S) are characterized by a strong N-S and E-W variation in the crustal deformation style and intensity. Despite being the surface geology relatively well known, the information on the deep structure of the upper plate in terms of its thickness and density configurations is still scarcely constrained. Previous seismic studies have focused on the crustal structure of the northern part of the SCA (~27°-33°S) based upon 2D cross-sections, while 3D crustal models centred on the South-American or the Nazca Plate have been published with lower resolution. To gain insight into the present-day state of the lithosphere in the area, we derived a 3D model that is consistent with both the available geological and seismic data and with the observed gravity field. The model consists on a continental plate with sediments, a two-layer crust and the lithospheric mantle being subducted by an oceanic plate. The model extension covers an area of 700 km x 1100 km, including the orogen, the forearc and the forelands.
    Beschreibung: Methods
    Beschreibung: Different data sets were integrated to derive the lithospheric features: - We used the global relief model of ETOPO1 (Amante and Eakins 2009) for the topography and bathymetry. - The sub-surface structures were defined by integrating seismically constrained models, including the South-American crustal thickness of Assumpção et al. (2013; model A; 0.5 degree resolution), the sediment thickness of CRUST1 (Laske et al. 2013) and the slab geometry of SLAB2 (Hayes et al. 2018). - Additionally, we included seismic reflection and refraction profiles performed on the Chile margin (Araneda et al. 2003; Contreras-Reyes et al. 2008, 2014, 2015; Flueh et al. 1998; Krawzyk et al. 2006; Moscoso et al. 2011; Sick et al. 2006; Von Huene et al. 1997). - Besides, we used sediment thickness maps from the intracontinental basin database ICONS (6 arc minute resolution, Heine 2007) and two oceanic sediment compilations: one along the southern trench axis (Völker et al. 2013) and another of global-scale (GlobSed; Straume et al. 2019). To build the interfaces between the main lithospheric features, we compiled and interpolated these datasets on a regular grid with a surface resolution of 25 km. For that purpose, the convergent algorithm of the software Petrel was used. We assigned constant densities within each layer, except for the lithospheric mantle. In this case, we implemented a heterogeneous distribution by converting s-wave velocities from the SL2013sv seismic tomography (Schaeffer and Lebedev 2013) to densities. The python tool VelocityConversion was used for the conversion (Meeßen 2017). To further constrain the crustal structure of the upper plate, a gravity forward modelling was carried out using IGMAS+ (Schmidt et al. 2010). The gravity anomaly from the model (calculated gravity) was compared to the free-air anomaly from the global gravity model EIGEN-6C4 (observed gravity; Förste et al 2014; Ince et al. 2019). Subsequently, the crystalline crust of the upper plate was split vertically into two layers of different densities. We inverted the residual between calculated and observed gravity to compute the depth to the interface between the two crustal layers. For the inverse modelling of the gravity residual, the Python package Fatiando a Terra was used (Uieda et al. 2013) For each layer, the depth to the top surface, thickness and density can be found as separate files. All files contain identical columns: - Northing as "X Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; - Easting as "Y Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; - depth to the top surface as "Top (m.a.s.l)" and - thickness of each layer as "Thickness (m)". The header ‘Density’ indicates the bulk density of each unit in kg/m3. For the oceanic and continental mantle units, a separate file is provided with a regular grid of the density distribution with a lateral resolution of 8 km x 9 km and a vertical resolution of 5 km. The containing columns are: Northing as "X Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; Easting as "Y Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; depth as "Depth (m.a.s.l)" and density as "Density (kg/m3)"
    Schlagwort(e): Lithosphere ; Gravity Modelling ; Andes ; EARTH SCIENCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 TOPOGRAPHICAL RELIEF ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY 〉 BATHYMETRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC LANDFORMS 〉 MOUNTAINS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC PROCESSES 〉 SUBDUCTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 SEDIMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 GEOLOGIC/TECTONIC/PALEOCLIMATE MODELS
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 2
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    Geophysical Borehole logging at Santa Gracia, Chile (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-18
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The DFG funded DeepEarthshape project within the SPP1803 EarthShape (second phase) combines several geoscientific methods and approaches to study the weathering zone in detail in dependence of climate conditions. Projects of the first phase have shown that the weathering zone is much deeper than expected, so that the weathering front was never encountered in the excavated soil pits. At depth of 1 – 2 m appreciable amounts of microbial biomass and DNA counts were encountered. It was further found that bacteria and archaea colonizing rock surfaces are close relatives to those from deeper soil zones. Because we do not know a) the depth of weathering; b) the process advancing it; c) whether this advance is driven by water, gases, and/or biological activity and concentrated along faults; d) whether this zone presents a habitat and interacts with the surface biosphere, we have designed a drilling campaign at all four study sites for joint geochemical, biogeochemical and microbiological exploration and a geophysical campaign for imaging the depth and physical properties of the critical zone. The principle hypotheses of the DeepEarthshape projects are: 1) The advance of the weathering front at depth is a recent process that is linked to climate and coupled with erosion at the surface through a biogeochemical feedback 2) Microbial activity in the deep regolith that advances weathering is fuelled by young organic matter. The four study sites are distributed along the coast of Chile to have a similar geological setting at one hand but different climatic conditions. Here we present the logging data of the first geophysical borehole survey which took place at Santa Gracia, 40 km NE of La Serena (Coquimbo Region, Chile). The data were acquired on the 2nd of April 2019 between . The borehole logging was conducted by COMPROBE. The vertical borehole reached down to 87.2 m depth and had a diameter (PQ) of 83.5 mm.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The Acoustic Televiewer data are freely accessible now in .dlis and PDF formats. The original data files are embargoed until the 30 June 2022.
    Schlagwort(e): geophysical borehole logging ; televiewer ; Full seismic wave fields ; electrical resistivity ; gamma ray ; spontaneous potential ; single point resistance ; seismic p wave velocities ; seismic s wave velocities ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Recorders/Loggers 〉 WELL LOGGING TOOLS
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 3
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    DESTRESS - soft stimulation treatments of geothermal reservoirs, Iceland (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-24
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: Near Reykjavik/Iceland, a "soft stimulation” geothermal experiment was performed in the frame of the DESTRESS project in 2019. The installed seismic stations consist of short period, and borehole stations in and around Geldinganes, NE of Reykjavik. The task of this network is the monitoring of the seismic events in the area around the stimulation site. The installation started in late 2018 with 6 short period stations (Reykjavik Energy). Since July 2019 additional seismic stations were integrated as a small scale array on the island Geldinganes and additional short period stations. A borehole geophone chain was installed with 17 short period 3-component geophones with a vertical spacing of 10 meter in the depth interval 1040m to 1200 m. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code YG, and are embargoed until November 2025.
    Schlagwort(e): Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Materialart: Other , Seismic Network
    Format: ~500G
    Format: SEED data
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 4
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    Images and videos of analogue centrifuge models exploring marginal flexure during rifting in Afar, East Africa (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-28
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: This data set includes images and videos depicting the evolution of deformation and topography of 17 analogue experiments c passive margin development, to better understand the ongoing tectonics along the western margin of Afar, East Africa. The tectonic background that forms the basis for the experimental design is found in Zwaan et al. 2019 and 2020a-b, and references therein. The experiments, in an enhanced gravity field in a large-capacity centrifuge, examined the influence of brittle layer thickness, strength contrast, syn-rift sedimentation and oblique extension on a brittle-viscous system with a strong and weak viscous domain. All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of of the Istituto di Geoscience e Georisorse - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IGG) and of the Earth Sciences Department of the University of Florence (CNR/UF). The brittle layer (sand) thickness ranged between 6 and 20 mm, the underlying viscous layer, split in a competent and weak domain (both viscous mixtures), was always 10 mm thick. Asymmetric extension was applied by removing a 1.5 mm thick spacer at the side of the model at every time step, allowing the analogue materials to spread when enhanced gravity was applied during a centrifuge run. Differential stretching of the viscous material creates flexure and faulting in the overlying brittle layer. Total extension amounted to 10.5 mm over 7 intervals for Series 1 models that aimed at understanding generic passive margin development in a generic orthogonal extension setting, whereas up to 16.5 mm of extension was applied for the additional Series 2 models aiming at reproducing the tectonic phases in Afar. In models involving sedimentation, sand was filled in at time steps 2, 4 and 6 (i.e. after 3, 6 and 9 mm of extension). Detailed descriptions of the experiments, monitoring techniques and tectonic interpretation of the model results are presented in Zwaan et al. (2020c) to which these data are supplementary.
    Schlagwort(e): EPOS ; Analogue modelling results ; multi-scale laboratories ; Rifting ; Passive margin ; antiform ; deformation 〉 ductile flow ; deformation 〉 folding ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; depression ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 PLATE BOUNDARIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRAIN ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; flexure/buckle ; geologic process ; graben ; graben ; normal fault ; plateau ; rift valley ; rifting ; sedimentary process 〉 deposition ; tectonic and structural features ; tectonic process 〉 continental_breakup 〉 rifting ; tectonic setting 〉 extended terrane setting 〉 continental rift setting ; tectonic setting 〉 plate margin setting 〉 active continental margin setting ; tectonic setting 〉 plate spreading center setting
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 5
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    The Pan-Alpine gravity database 2020 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-23
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: This data publication is a new compilation of land gravity data expressing the Earth’s gravitational acceleration field on the broader area of the European Alps. The dataset is based on national databases from 10 countries, but surmounts any barriers related to national reference systems. The input to this dataset is the largest Alpine compilation of point-wise data on land ever, and also includes marine data in adjacent regions in the Mediterranean Sea. Following quality control, this represents a total of 349’938 terrestrial gravity points and about 700’000 marine stations. Only such a dataset allows to investigate the Alpine orogen from shallow (sedimentary) to large (mantle) depths, which is among the primary goals of the AlpArray science program. Broad effort to collect all existing, public and private, point-based gravity data in the area of interest: 2-23°E, 41-51°N. The final, published grids are shared with the community on a 4*4 km2 grid; the results on 2*2 km2 grid are available upon request and approval from the group. We developed and fine-tuned an approach in which all raw data could be processed in the same, homogeneous way. Outliers were discarded. Full details are given in the reference publication (Zahorec et al., 2020).
    Schlagwort(e): AlpArray ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 6
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    Site characterization of the PIER-ICDP drill holes by imaging the subsurface electrical conductivity structure: local and regional structure beneath Mýtina and Neualbenreuth Maar (ConeEM) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-04
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The West Bohemian Massif as part of the geodynamically active European Cenozoic Rift System is characterised by ongoing magmatic processes in the intra-continental lithospheric mantle. A series of phenomena such as massive degassing of CO2 and repeated earthquake swarms make the Eger Rift a unique target area for European intra-continental geo-scientific research. The ICDP project "Drilling the Eger Rift" was funded to study the field of earthquake-fluid-rock-biosphere interaction. In the framework of this ICDP project, magnetotelluric (MT) experiments have been conducted to image the subsurface distribution of the electrical conductivity down to depths of several tens of kilometres as the electrical conductivity is particularly sensitive to the presence of high-conductive phases such as aqueous fluids, partial melts or metallic compounds. Based on recent MT experiments in 2015/2016, Munoz et al. (2018) presented 2D images of the electrical conductivity structure along a NS profile across the Eger Rift. It reveals a conductive channel at the earthquake swarm region that extend from the lower crust to the surface forming a pathway for fluids up to the region of the mofettes. A second conductive channel is present in the south of the model. Due to the given station setup along a profile, the resulting 2D inversion allows ambiguous interpretations of this feature. As 3D inversion is required to distinguish between the different interpretations, we conducted another MT field experiment at the end of 2018. This data publication (10.5880/GIPP-MT. 201810 .1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) provides field instruments for (temporary) seismological studies (both controlled source and earthquake seismology) and for magnetotelluric (electromagnetic) experiments. The GIPP is operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The instrument facility is open for academic use. Instrument applications are evaluated and ranked by an external steering board. See Haberland and Ritter (2016) and https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp for more information.
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetotelluric ; West Bohemian Massif ; Eger Rift ; ICDP project “Drilling the Eger Rift” ; Conductive channel ; Fluids ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 GEOMAGNETIC INDUCTION ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Probes
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 7
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    MT_ANT2 - Magnetotelluric Measurements Around Neumayer Station III, Antarctica (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-04
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: Magnetotellurics (MT) is a geophysical deep sounding tool that can help decipher the deep hydrology and geology of Antarctica, in concert with more established and already applied geophysical methods, such as seismology, gravity, and magnetics. Electrical conductivity is an important physical parameter to identify properties of rocks and, perhaps more importantly, constituents within, such as fluids or mineralisation.The unique conditions of Antarctica, which is largely covered with ice cause technical issues, particularly with the electric field recordings, as highly resistive snow and ice at surface of Antarctica hampers contact of the E-field sensors (telluric electrodes) with the ground. The project was a feasibility study to address this principal problem and to test modified MT equipment of the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) in the vicinity of the Neumayer Station III (NMIII) on the Ekström Ice Shelfon.This data publication encompasses a detailed report in .pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) provides field instruments for (temporary) seismological studies (both controlled source and earthquake seismology) and for magnetotelluric (electromagnetic) experiments. The GIPP is operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The instrument facility is open for academic use. Instrument applications are evaluated and ranked by an external steering board. See Haberland and Ritter (2016) and https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp for more information.
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetotelluric ; Feasibility Study ; Antarctica ; Ekström Ice Shelf ; Grunehogna craton ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 GEOMAGNETIC INDUCTION ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Probes
    Materialart: Dataset
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 8
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    A New Process-based Model Engine for the Eco-hydrological Simulation Environment (ECHSE) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: For the article “How to Tailor my Process-based Model? Dynamic Identifiability Analysis of Flexible Model Structures” (Pilz et al., submitted) a flexible simulation environment is coupled with an algorithm for dynamic identifiability analysis to form a diagnostic tool for process-based model building. This software publication provides the simulation environment ECHSE along with the new WASA engine. The latter was developed and employed for the associated research article. The original ECHSE software was introduced by Kneis (2015) and can be obtained from http://echse.github.io/
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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    CITATION PIK
  • 9
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    Model output for the publication: 'Climatic fluctuations modeled for carbon and sulfur emissions from end-Triassic volcanism' (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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    CITATION PIK
  • 10
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    The PROFOUND database for evaluating vegetation models and simulating climate impacts on European forests. V. 0.3 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: 29 April 2020: Release of Version 0.3 This is an updated version of Reyer et al., (2019, V. 0.1.12, http://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.008). All changes and updates are documented in the changelog available via the data download section. Current process-based vegetation models are complex scientific tools that require proper evaluation of the different processes included in the models to prove that the models can be used to integrate our understanding of forest ecosystems and project climate change impacts on forests. The PROFOUND database (PROFOUND DB) described here aims to bring together data from a wide range of data sources to evaluate vegetation models and simulate climate impacts at the forest stand scale. It has been designed to fulfill two objectives: - Allow for a thorough evaluation of complex, process-based vegetation models using multiple data streams covering a range of processes at different temporal scales - Allow for climate impact assessments by providing the latest climate scenario data. Therefore, the PROFOUND DB provides general a site description as well as soil, climate, CO2, Nitrogen deposition, tree-level, forest stand-level and remote sensing data for 9 forest stands spread throughout Europe. Moreover, for a subset of 5 sites, also time series of carbon fluxes, energy balances and soil water are available. The climate and nitrogen deposition data contains several datasets for the historic period and a wide range of future climate change scenarios following the Representative Emission Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5). In addition, we also provide pre-industrial climate simulations that allow for model runs aimed at disentangling the contribution of climate change to observed forest productivity changes. The PROFOUND Database is available freely but we incite users to respect the data policies of the individual datasets as provided in the metadata of each data file. The database can also be accessed via the PROFOUND R-package, which provides basic functions to explore, plot and extract the data. The data (PROFOUND DB) are provided in two different versions (ProfoundData.sqlite download as ProfoundData.zip, ProfoundData_ASCII.zip) accompanied by a change-log to the previous published version (changelog_Profound-DB_v03.pdf), auxiliary data of reconstructed single tree data at the site Sorø (Soroe_DBH_H_AGE_20200428.zip) and documented by the three explanatory documents: (1) PROFOUNDdatabase.pdf: describes the structure, organisation and content of the PROFOUND DB. (2) PROFOUNDsites.pdf: displays the main data of the PROFOUND DB for each of the 9 forest sites in tables and plots. (3) ProfoundData.pdf: explains how to use the PROFOUND R-Package "ProfoundData" to access the PROFOUND DB and provides example scripts on how to apply it.
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 11
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    Data and R-scripts for Dynamic Identifiability Analysis of Process-based Hydrological Model Structures (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: For the article “How to Tailor my Process-based Model? Dynamic Identifiability Analysis of Flexible Model Structures” (Pilz et al., submitted) a flexible simulation environment is coupled with an algorithm for dynamic identifiability analysis to form a diagnostic tool for process-based model building. This associated data description describes first which software is needed (R and the ECHSE model) and how to configure your computer in order to run the model and the analysis. Second, the input data provided within this data set are described. Eventually, the R scripts are described, which were used to initialize and run the model and conduct the subsequent identifiability analysis. This publication comprises the ECHSE model, all R packages in their employed versions, the model setup and results, figures and data presented in the associated research paper, and the R scripts used to initialize and run the model and conduct all analyses.
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 12
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    3D-ALPS-TR: A 3D thermal and rheological model of the Alpine lithosphere (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-22
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: Despite the amount of research focused on the Alpine orogen, significant unknowns remain regarding the thermal field and long term lithospheric strength in the region. Previous published interpretations of these features primarily concern a limited number of 2D cross sections, and those that represent the region in 3D typically do not conform to measured data such as wellbore or seismic measurements. However, in the light of recently published higher resolution region specific 3D geophysical models, that conform to secondary data measurements, the generation of a more up to date revision of the thermal field and long term lithospheric yield strength is made possible, in order to shed light on open questions of the state of the orogen. The study area of this work focuses on a region of 660 km x 620 km covering the vast majority of the Alps and their forelands, with the Central and Eastern Alps and the northern foreland being the best covered regions.
    Schlagwort(e): Alps ; Forelands ; Po Basin ; Molasse Basin ; Upper Rhine Graben ; Ivrea Body ; European Crust ; Adriatic Crust ; Sediment Thickness ; Crustal Thickness ; Vosges Massif ; Black Forest Massif ; Bohemian Massif ; Mantle Density ; 4DMB ; Mountain Building Processes in 4d ; EARTH SCIENCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC LANDFORMS 〉 MOUNTAINS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOTHERMAL DYNAMICS 〉 GEOTHERMAL TEMPERATURE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; lithosphere ; lithosphere 〉 earth's crust ; lithosphere 〉 earth's crust 〉 continental shelf 〉 continent ; lithosphere 〉 earth's crust 〉 sedimentary basin ; physical property 〉 viscosity ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geophysics
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 13
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    Seismic data from the 2016-02-22 flood event and from an active seismic survey conducted around the Eshtemoa River, Israel (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-13
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: Bedload transport is a key process in fluvial morphodynamics and hydraulic engineering, but is notoriously difficult to measure. The recent advent of stream-side seismic monitoring techniques provides an alternative to in-stream monitoring techniques, which are often costly, staff-intensive, and cannot be deployed during large floods. Seismic monitoring is a surrogate method requiring several steps to convert seismic data into bedload data. State-of-the-art approaches of conversion exploit physical models predicting the seismic signal generated by bedload transport. Here, we did an active seismic survey (2017-11) and used seismic data from a flood event (2016-02-22) on the Nahal Ehstemoa to constrain a seismic bedload model. We conducted the active seismic survey to determine the local seismic ground properties, i.e., the Green’s function. We also used water depth and bedload grain size distribution to constrain the seismic bedload model and were able to compare the bedload flux obtained from the seismic data using the model with high-quality independent bedload measurements from slot samplers on the site. The complementary non-seismic data is published in a separate data publication (Lagarde et al., 2020).
    Schlagwort(e): Ground properties ; Green’s function ; Environmental seismology ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; geology
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 14
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    Unbekannt
    Digital image correlation data from analogue subduction megathrust earthquakes addressing the control of geodetic coverage on coseismic slip inversion (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-20
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: This data set includes digital image correlation data from thirteen analogue earthquakes generated by means of an analogue seismotectonic scale model approach. The data consists of grids of 3D static coseismic surface displacements. The data have been derived using a stereo camera setup and processed with LaVision Davis 8 software. Detailed descriptions of the experiments and results regarding the control of geodetic coverage on the slip inversion problem can be found in Kosari et al. (2020) to which this data set is supplementary material. We use an analogue seismotectonic scale model approach (Rosenau et al., 2017) to generate a catalogue of analogue megathrust earthquakes (Table 1). The presented experimental setup is modified from the 3D setup used in Rosenau et al. (2019). To monitor surface deformation of the wedge analogue model a stereoscopic set of two CCD cameras (LaVision Imager pro X 11MPx, 14 bit) monitors images the wedge surface continuously at 2.5 Hz. To derive observational data similar to those from geodetic techniques, i.e. velocities at the location on the surface, we use digital image correlation (DIC, Adam et al., 2005) to derive the 3D incremental surface displacement (or velocity) at high spatial resolution (〈 0.1 mm). The time series of incremental surface displacement data was calculated using LaVision Davis 8 software. The result is an evenly spaced grid of vectors per time step, oriented parallel with respect to the principal dimensions of the box.
    Schlagwort(e): EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; analogue modeling results ; Digital Image Correlation (DIC) / Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 〉 StrainMaster (La Vision GmbH) ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; High frame rate camera ; megathrust ; Rubber ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Subduction box ; tectonic and structural features ; tectonic process 〉 subduction ; tectonic setting 〉 plate margin setting 〉 active continental margin setting ; tectonic setting 〉 plate margin setting 〉 subduction zone setting ; Time lapse camera
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 15
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    Unbekannt
    The gravimetric quasi-geoid of São Paulo State: QGEOID-SP-2020-GGM720 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-31
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The quasi-geoid model of São Paulo State was computed using the updated and filtered gravimetric data and the new system of the normal height of the 2018 Brazilian Vertical Reference Frame (BVRF). For the ocean area, gravity anomalies of the DTU13 model with a resolution of 1’ were used. To quantify the terrain effects through the Residual Terrain Model procedure, the SRTM15+ DTM was used. The computation of the quasi-geoid model was performed by numerical integration through the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Molodensky gravity anomaly was determined in a 5’x5’ grid and reduced and restored using the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique and the XGM2019e global gravity model truncated at degree and order 720. The zero-order degree term was added in the final computation. The validation for the quasi-geoid model based on 291 GPS measurements in the leveling network has shown 18 cm RMS difference. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Schlagwort(e): Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; São Paulo State ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 16
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    Unbekannt
    The gravimetric geoid of São Paulo State: GEOID-SP-2020-GGM250 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-31
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The geoid model of São Paulo State was computed using the updated and filtered gravimetric data and the new system of the normal height of the 2018 Brazilian Vertical Reference Frame (BVRF). For the ocean area, gravity anomalies of the DTU13 model with a resolution of 1’ were used. To quantify the terrain effects through the Residual Terrain Model procedure, the SRTM15+ DTM was used. The computation of the quasi-geoid model was performed by numerical integration through the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Molodensky gravity anomaly was determined in a 5’x5’ grid and reduced and restored using the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique and the XGM2019e global gravity model truncated at degree and order 250. The geoid model was derived from the Bouguer gravity anomalies. The zero-order degree term was added in the final computation. The validation for the quasi-geoid model based on 291 GPS measurements in the leveling network has shown 18 cm RMS difference. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Schlagwort(e): Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; São Paulo State ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    The gravimetric quasi-geoid of São Paulo State: QGEOID-SP-2020-GGM250 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-31
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The quasi-geoid model of São Paulo State was computed using the updated and filtered gravimetric data and the new system of the normal height of the 2018 Brazilian Vertical Reference Frame (BVRF). For the ocean area, gravity anomalies of the DTU13 model with a resolution of 1’ were used. To quantify the terrain effects through the Residual Terrain Model procedure, the SRTM15+ DTM was used. The computation of the quasi-geoid model was performed by numerical integration through the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Molodensky gravity anomaly was determined in a 5’x5’ grid and reduced and restored using the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique and the XGM2019e global gravity model truncated at degree and order 250. The zero-order degree term was added in the final computation. The validation for the quasi-geoid model based on 291 GPS measurements in the leveling network has shown 18 cm RMS difference. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Schlagwort(e): Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; São Paulo State ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    The gravimetric geoid of São Paulo State: GEOID-SP-2020-GGM720 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-31
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The geoid model of São Paulo State was computed using the updated and filtered gravimetric data and the new system of the normal height of the 2018 Brazilian Vertical Reference Frame (BVRF). For the ocean area, gravity anomalies of the DTU13 model with a resolution of 1’ were used. To quantify the terrain effects through the Residual Terrain Model procedure, the SRTM15+ DTM was used. The computation of the quasi-geoid model was performed by numerical integration through the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Molodensky gravity anomaly was determined in a 5’x5’ grid and reduced and restored using the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique and the XGM2019e global gravity model truncated at degree and order 720. The geoid model was derived from the Bouguer gravity anomalies. The zero-order degree term was added in the final computation. The validation for the quasi-geoid model based on 291 GPS measurements in the leveling network has shown 18 cm RMS difference. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Schlagwort(e): Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; São Paulo State ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 19
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    Unbekannt
    Data from the German Continental Deep Drilling Project (KTB, Kontinentale Tiefbohrung) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-08-26
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: This data collection provides digital access to data and publications of the KTB (German Continental Deep Drilling Program) project. KTB was a very detailed, long-term Earth science investigation on the structure, dynamics and formation of the Central European crust in Northeastern Bavaria, Germany (Harms, Kück 2016). With geophysical sounding and ultra-deep drilling it elucidated a crustal block at the border of a micro-continental collision zones amalgamated during the Caledonian and Variscan orogenies. Major research themes were: i) the nature of geophysical structures and phenomena, ii) the crustal stress field and the brittle-ductile transition, iii) the thermal structure of the crust, iv) crustal fluids and transport processes, and v) structure and evolution of the central European Variscan basement. KTB started in 1982 with pre-site selection studies and scientific objective definition followed in 1985 by site selection studies including shallow boreholes. From 1987 to 1990 a pilot borehole of 4000 m depth was drilled and fluid tests and borehole studies were conducted. In 1990 started drilling of a so-called superdeep main borehole of 9101 m depth that was reached in 1994. Again, the final drilling phase was concluded with large-scale fluid and seismic experiments. The rocks drilled comprise metamorphic series of mafic volcanic, volcano-clastics as well as minor gabbroic to ultramafic rocks that are intercalated with leucocratic meta-sedimentary gneisses. They represent most likely a deeply subducted accretionary wedge mélange with a complex P-T-t history. The undisturbed bottom hole temperature is ~265°C. Among the outstanding results are the following: (1) A continuous profile of the complete stress tensor was obtained. (2) Several lines of evidence indicate that KTB reached the present-day brittle-ductile transition. (3) The drilled crustal segment is distinguished by large amounts of free fluids down to mid-crustal levels. (4) The role of post-orogenic brittle deformation had been grossly underestimated. (5) Steep-angle seismic reflection surveys depict the deformation pattern of the upper crust. (6) High-resolution seismic images of the crust can be obtained with a newly developed technique of true-amplitude prestack depth migration. (7) The electrical behavior of the crust is determined by secondary graphite (+/-sulfides) in shear zones. (after Emmermann und Lauterjung (1997)
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The data are ordered according to disciplines, wells and working groups and currently available via the original KTB site (https://data.icdp-online.org/sites/ktb/welcome.html). The DOI-referenced data publication of KTB data is in progress. Scientific disciplines: Borehole Measurements Geology, Petrology, Tectonics - Microscopy - Lithological description of cores - Lithological description of cuttings - Tectonic elements Geochemistry - Gas analysis - XRF, XRD analysis - Infrared Spectrometry - IC, ICP-AES Petrophysics - Density - Porosity - Electrical resistivity - Natural gamma-ray activity - Inner surface - Permeability - Relaxation - Magnetic susceptibility - Ultrasonic seismics - Thermal conductivity Rock Mechanics - Compressive strength - Tensile strength Technical drilling parameter Fluid/Hydraulic experiments Hydrofrac/Seismic experiments
    Schlagwort(e): German Continental Deep Drilling Program ; KTB ; Bavaria ; Windischeschenbach ; field laboratory ; downhole logging unit ; geology ; petrology ; tectonics ; geochemistry ; petrophysics ; rock mechanics ; borehole measurements ; drilling engineering ; final experiments ; hydrolaulic tests ; presite surveys ; dekorp iso89 ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 EARTH GASES/LIQUIDS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Corers
    Materialart: Collection , Collection
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 20
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    Unbekannt
    Source Inversion Report On The 24 January 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ-Sivrice Earthquake (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-09-23
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: This interactive webpage contains supplementary information for the publication by Jamalreyhani et al., 2020: Seismicity related to the eastern sector of Anatolian escape tectonics: A seismic gap partly filled by the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake.
    Beschreibung: Methods
    Beschreibung: The analysis has been performed using the Grond software package (Heimann et al., 2018). The open source software for seismic source parameter optimization Grond implements a bootstrap-based method to retrieve solution sub-spaces, parameter trade-offs and uncertainties of earthquake source parameters. Green's functions (GFs) for three different velocity models were calculated with the orthonormal propagator method (QSEIS, Wang, 1999; see https://github.com/pyrocko/fomosto-qseis/). All GFs are stored in Pyrocko GF stores (Pyrocko toolbox, Heimann et al., 2017, Heimann et al. 2019). Green's functions were computed employing a tapered Heaviside wavelet, a sample rate of 25 Hz and a grid spacing of 50 m allowing for interpolation of Green's functions between nodes. The databases comprise source depths from 1 to 4 km and receiver depths from 0 to 200 m. We used a nearest neighbor interpolation inbetween grid points of the pre-computed GFs.
    Schlagwort(e): finite fault inversion ; moment tensor inversion ; seismology ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Active Remote Sensing 〉 Imaging Radars ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Materialart: Other , Other
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 21
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    Unbekannt
    Deep seismic reflection profile DEKORP 1987-1B across the western Rhenish Massif, West Germany (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-09-23
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The 50 km long profile 1B was recorded in 1987 as part of the joint reflection venture DEKORP 1 of DEKORP (German Deep Seismic Reflection Program) and BELCORP (Belgian Continental Reflection Seismic Program) groups. It was surveyed to investigate the deep crustal structure of the western Rhenish Massif with high-fold near-vertical incidence vibroseis acquisition. The objectives of the experiment were to analyse deep Variscan and post-Variscan crustal structures in the region and to compare them with the results from the eastern Rhenish Massif gathered from the survey DEKORP 2N. The first results were presented by DEKORP Research Group (1990, 1991) and supplemented by many other researches. The Technical Report of line 1B gives detailed information about acquisition and processing parameters. The European Variscides, extending from the French Central Massif to the East European Platform, originated during the collision between Gondwana and Baltica in the Late Palaeozoic. Due to involvement of various crustal blocks in the orogenesis, the mountain belt is subdivided into distinct zones. The external fold-and-thrust belts of the Rhenohercynian and Saxothuringian as well as the predominantly crystalline body of the Moldanubian dominate the central European segment of the Variscides. Polyphase tectonic deformation, magmatism and metamorphic processes led to a complex interlinking between the units. The Rhenohercynian Zone is a foreland fold-and-thrust belt cropping out in the Rhenish Massif which extends from the Ardennes to the Harz Mountains. This geological unit consists predominantly of Devonian and Lower Carboniferous rocks affected by very low-grade metamorphism (DEKORP Research Group, 1991). The survey 1B was carried out in the western part of the Rhenish Massif and trends nearly N-S starting in the western volcanic zone of the Eifel, the Tertiary Hoch Eifel Volcanic Field represented by alkali basalts and fractionated volcanics. The line also runs over a positiv magnetic anomaly, the Kelberg Magnetic High which is located on the southern flank of the East Eifel Main Anticline. Afterwards, 1B crosses the SE-dipping Siegen Main Thrust and ends in the Mosel Syncline, the northern border of the Hunsrueck Mountains (DEKORP Research Group, 1991). The profile joins line 1A in the north and continues to the southeast with line 1C.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The German Continental Seismic Reflection Program DEKORP (DEutsches KOntinentales Reflexionsseismisches Programm) was carried out between 1984 – 1999 as the German national reflection seismic program funded by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT), Bonn [now: the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)]. DEKORP was administrated by the former Geological Survey of Lower Saxony (NLfB), Hannover [now: the State Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology (LBEG)]. In 1994 the DEKORP management was taken over by the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The aim of DEKORP was to investigate the deep crustal structure of Germany with high-resolution near-vertical incidence (mostly vibro)seismic acquisition, supplemented by wide-angle seismic and other target-oriented piggy-back experiments, all complemented by optimized methods of data processing and interpretation. The DEKORP project was closely linked with the KTB (German continental deep-drilling program) and was an equivalent to many other deep-seismic programs world-wide such as COCORP, BIRPS, LITHOPROBE, ECORS, CROP, BELCORP, IBERSEIS and many more. The DEKORP-Atlas (Meissner & Bortfeld, 1990) gives a detailed overview about most of the different campaigns and results. In sum, the resulting DEKORP database includes approximately 40 crustal-scale 2D-seismic reflection lines covering a total of ca. 4 700 km and one 3D-seismic reflection survey covering ca. 400 km². Each DEKORP survey is provided with all datasets that are necessary for either a re-processing (i.e. raw unstacked field records in SEGY) or a re-interpretation (i.e. finally processed sections in SEGY or PNG). The raw data are sorted by records or by CDPs. The final data are available as unmigrated or migrated stacks without or with coherency enhancement. Automatical line-drawings are also included. All data come with additional meta information for each domain (source, receiver, CDP) like coordinates, elevations, locations and static corrections combined in ASCII-tables for geometry assignment. Furthermore, all metadata originating from paper copies are made available as scanned files in PNG or PDF, e.g. field and observer reports, location maps in different scales, near-surface profile headers and others. The DEKORP datasets provide unique and deep insights into the subsurface below Germany covering the earth’s crust from the surface to the upper mantle and are increasingly requested by academic institutions and commercial companies. Fields of applications are geothermal development, hazard analysis, hydrocarbon/shale gas exploration, underground gas storage, tunnel construction and much more.
    Schlagwort(e): deep crustal structure ; crustal-scale seismic survey ; near-vertical incidence seismic reflection ; Vibroseis acquisition ; Rhenish Massif ; Variscan orogenic belts ; Rhenohercynian ; Hoch Eifel Volcanic Field ; Kelberg Magnetic High ; Siegen Main Thrust ; Mosel Syncline ; Mohorovičić discontinuity ; geothermal resources ; seismic risks ; DEKORP ; Deutsches Kontinentales Reflexionsseismisches Programm ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 SEISMIC PROFILE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Profilers/Sounders 〉 SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILERS ; lithosphere 〉 earth's crust
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 22
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    Unbekannt
    OSG Logging Data - Lake Junín Drilling Project, Perú - 22-JUL-18-AUG-2015 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-09-29
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The Lake Junín Drilling Project, co-funded by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, ICDP, aims to provide a continuous paleoclimate record from lacustrine sediments, and to reconstruct the history of the continental records covering the glacial-interglacial cycles spanning more than 500 kyr. Lake Junín, also known as Chinchaycocha, is a shallow (maximum water depth of 12 m), inter-mountain high-elevation (at 4100 m a.s.l.) lake in the inner-tropics of the Southern Hemisphere that spans 300 km2 in the tropical Andes of Peru. Drill cores were recovered during summer 2015 from three drill sites on the lake. After the completion of coring operations in each hole, downhole logging measurements were performed in five of the 11 boreholes (1A, 1C, 1D, 2A and 3B) by the Operational Support Group of ICDP at GFZ Potsdam (OSG). The OSG logging data from Lake Junín Drilling Project is given here in three data formats. For each of the five boreholes all processed logging data are comprised in one composite logging data set, this set is given here both in ASCII text and in WellCAD format. Additionally, the raw sonic waveform data are in LIS format: •Composite logging data in ASCII text files (.txt) •Composite logging data in WellCAD format (.wcl) •Sonic raw data (waveforms) in LIS format (.lis) Detailed description is provided in the associated data description file.
    Schlagwort(e): borehole measurements ; wireline logging ; downhole data ; logs ; lake drilling project ; climate archive ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 LAND RECORDS 〉 SEDIMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS 〉 BOREHOLES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS 〉 SEDIMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS 〉 STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 23
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    Unbekannt
    The Turkish hybrid geoid: TG-20 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-11-04
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The Turkish Geoid Model-2020 (TG-20) is currently the official geoid model for Turkey computed by the General Directorate of Mapping, the national mapping agency. It is a hybrid model extending from 35°N to 43°N and from 25°E to 45°E. It was determined using more than 265,000 point gravity data, as well as the GOCO06S global geopotential model and a digital elevation model of 7.2 arc-second resolution based on SRTM V4.1. Free-air gravity anomalies over marine areas and neighboring countries at 1’×1’ resolution were computed using the XGM2019e model up to degree and order 5399. The computation was based on the Least-Squares Modification of Stokes’ Formula with Additive Corrections (LSMSA) method using the LSMS-GEOLAB scientific software. The transformation of the gravimetric model was carried out via 4-parameter fit to 182 historical and homogenously distributed GPS/levelling data. Absolute validation of the resulting hybrid model with 278 recent GPS/levelling data yielded standard deviations ranging from 1.2 cm to 6.3 cm (below 2 cm at almost every test profile) which brought about considerable improvement over the previous official geoid models. TG-20 with 5 arc-min spatial resolution is freely available to the public. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Schlagwort(e): Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Least Squares modification of Stokes integral with additive corrections ; Turkey ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 24
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    Unbekannt
    MLT-averaged Plasmapause Position Calculated from the PINE Plasmasphere Model for the GEM Challenge Events (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-14
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: This dataset is the MLT-averaged plasmapause position calculated for the NSF GEM Challenge Events. We use the recently developed Plasma density in the Inner magnetosphere Neural network-based Empirical (PINE) model [Zhelavskaya et al., 2017]. The PINE density model was developed using neural networks and was trained on the electron density data set from the Van Allen Probes Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) [Kletzing et al., 2013]. The model reconstructs the plasmasphere dynamics well (with a cross-correlation of ~0.95 on the test set), and its global reconstructions of plasma density are in good agreement with the IMAGE EUV images of the global distribution of He+. We compare the electron number density value given by the PINE model with the density threshold separating plasmaspheric-like and trough-like density given by [Sheeley et al., 2001] and get the plasmapause position in each MLT. Then, we calculate the MLT-averaged plasmapause position. The. time resolution is 1 hour. These data files presenting the Magnetic Local Time (MLT)-averaged plasmapause position used in the simulations in Wang et al [2020]. The data are presented as the following three tabular ASCII files (.dat) : Lpp_PINE_Sheely_Mean_Mar15_Mar20.dat: content, column1 time [day], column 2 L [Re (Earth Radii)] Lpp_PINE_Sheely_Mean_May30_Jun02.dat: content, column1 time [day], column 2 L [Re (Earth Radii)] Lpp_PINE_Sheely_Mean_Sep17_Sep26.dat: content, column1 time [day], column 2 L [Re (Earth Radii)]
    Schlagwort(e): Plasmasphere ; Plasmapause ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SUN-EARTH INTERACTIONS 〉 IONOSPHERE/MAGNETOSPHERE DYNAMICS 〉 PLASMA WAVES ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 SOLAR-ATMOSPHERE/SPACE-WEATHER MODELS
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATEN GFZ
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    The mantle flow velocity and maximum principal stress orientation calculated by use of a geodynamical model (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-11-03
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: In the data set we provide both mantle velocity and maximum principal stress orientation resulting from a geodynamical model. The data are calculated with use of the ProSpher 3D code in a spectral domain by spherical harmonics decomposition. The resolution of the model is of 120 spherical harmonics laterally and 50 km in depth. For velocity data (file set: Petrunin-etal19-Vel_XXX.dat), the 1st column represents longitude, 2nd column – latitude, 3d, 4th , 5th – longitudinal, latitudinal, and radial components of velocity in mm/yr, correspondingly. For maximum principal stress orientation data (file set: Petrunin-etal19-SH_XXX.dat), the 1st column represents longitude, 2nd column – latitude, 3d, 4th – longitudinal and latitudinal components of the unit vector representing maximum principal stress direction.
    Schlagwort(e): Geodynamic model ; calculated velocity field ; maximum principal stress ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: 1 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 26
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    Data from the 1978-79 Rhenish Massif seismic refraction experiment (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-11-29
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: During 1978-79, a seismic refraction experiment was carried out in the Rhenish Massif, West Germany, and adjacent areas, extending through Belgium and Luxembourg into the Paris Basin in France. The experiment was designed to investigate the structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the massif and thus help in a multidisciplinary study, sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, into the causes and mechanisms of uplift of the massif. The Aachen-Baumholder (L1/L2-M1/M2) profile was completed in May and August, 1978. The 600 km long, main profile and the cross profiles, B-K and K-F, were completed in May 1979. During the main experiment in May 1979, 137 recording units of the MARS type from various European countries participated. 20 shots were fired in 1979 and thus a total of 2740 three-component recordings were made.
    Schlagwort(e): Rhenish Massif ; seismic refraction ; geophysics ; plateau uplift ; 1978-79 Rhenish Massif seismic refraction experiment ; GIPP Grant Number 197901 ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 REFRACTION ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 WIDE-ANGLE_REFLECTION_REFRACTION ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 EXPLOSION_SOURCE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 CRUSTAL_SCALE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 REGIONAL_SCALE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 DSS ; SENSOR 〉 GEOPHONE ; LAND ; SEG-Y_DATA_FORMAT ; SEISMIC_WAVEFORM_DATA ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 RAW_DATA ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 27
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    Thrust generation during steady swimming and acceleration from rest in anguilliform swimmers (2020)
    Company of Biologists
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Company of Biologists, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of Company of Biologists for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology 222(22), (2019): jeb212464, doi:10.1242/jeb.212464.
    Beschreibung: Escape swimming is a crucial behavior by which undulatory swimmers evade potential threats. The hydrodynamics of escape swimming have not been well studied, particularly for anguilliform swimmers, such as the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. For this study, we compared the kinematics and hydrodynamics of larval sea lampreys with those of lampreys accelerating from rest during escape swimming. We used experimentally derived velocity fields to calculate pressure fields and distributions of thrust and drag along the body. Lampreys initiated acceleration from rest with the formation of a high-amplitude body bend at approximately one-quarter body length posterior to the head. This deep body bend produced two high-pressure regions from which the majority of thrust for acceleration was derived. In contrast, steady swimming was characterized by shallower body bends and negative-pressure-derived thrust, which was strongest near the tail. The distinct mechanisms used for steady swimming and acceleration from rest may reflect the differing demands of the two behaviors. High-pressure-based mechanisms, such as the one used for acceleration from rest, could also be important for low-speed maneuvering during which drag-based turning mechanisms are less effective. The design of swimming robots may benefit from the incorporation of such insights from unsteady swimming.
    Beschreibung: This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (UNS-1511996 and IDBR-1455471 to B.J.G., J.O.D., S.P.C. and J.H.C.). J.R.M. was funded by the Marine Biological Laboratory.
    Beschreibung: 2020-11-18
    Schlagwort(e): Petromyzon marinus ; Lamprey ; Undulatory ; Thrust ; Drag
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 28
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    Acoustic behaviour of male European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) during agonistic encounters (2020)
    Company of Biologists
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Company of Biologists, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of Company of Biologists for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology 223 (2020): jeb.211276, doi: 10.1242/jeb.211276.
    Beschreibung: Previous studies have demonstrated that male European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) use chemical and visual signals as a means of intraspecific communication during agonistic encounters. In this study, we show that they also produce buzzing sounds during these encounters. This result was missed in earlier studies because low-frequency buzzing sounds are highly attenuated in tanks, and are thus difficult to detect with hydrophones. To address this issue, we designed a behavioural tank experiment using hydrophones, with accelerometers placed on the lobsters to directly detect their carapace vibrations (i.e. the sources of the buzzing sounds). While we found that both dominant and submissive individuals produced carapace vibrations during every agonistic encounter, very few of the associated buzzing sounds (15%) were recorded by the hydrophones. This difference is explained by their high attenuation in tanks. We then used the method of algorithmic complexity to analyse the carapace vibration sequences as call-and-response signals between dominant and submissive individuals. Even though some intriguing patterns appeared for closely size-matched pairs (〈5 mm carapace length difference), the results of the analysis did not permit us to infer that the processes underlying these sequences could be differentiated from random ones. Thus, such results prevented any conclusions about acoustic communication. This concurs with both the high attenuation of the buzzing sounds during the experiments and the poor understanding of acoustic perception by lobsters. New approaches that circumvent tank acoustic issues are now required to validate the existence of acoustic communication in lobsters.
    Beschreibung: This research was carried out as part of the PhD research project of Youenn Jézéquel for the Université de Bretagne Occidentale (Brest) with a grant from the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research.
    Beschreibung: 2021-02-19
    Schlagwort(e): Passive acoustics ; Accelerometer ; Buzzing sound ; Carapace vibration ; Tank ; Acoustic communication ; Dominance ; Sound attenuation
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 29
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    Copepod feeding strategy determines response to seawater viscosity: videography study of two calanoid copepod species (2020)
    Company of Biologists
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Company of Biologists, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of Company of Biologists for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology (2020): jeb.220830, doi: 10.1242/jeb.220830.
    Beschreibung: Calanoid copepods, depending on feeding strategy, have different behavioral and biological controls on their movements, thereby responding differently to environmental conditions such as changes in seawater viscosity. To understand how copepod responses to environmental conditions are mediated through physical, physiological, and/or behavioral pathways, we used high-speed microvideography to compare two copepod species, Acartia hudsonica and Parvocalanus crassirostris, under different temperature, viscosity, and dietary conditions. Acartia hudsonica exhibited “sink and wait” feeding behavior and typically responded to changes in seawater viscosity; increased seawater viscosity reduced particle-capture behavior and decreased the size of the feeding current. In contrast, P. crassirostris continuously swam and did not show any behavioral or physical responses to changes in viscosity. Both species showed a physiological response to temperature, with reduced appendage beating frequency at cold temperatures, but this did not generally translate into effects on swimming speed, feeding flux, or active time. Both copepod species swam slower when feeding on diatom rather than dinoflagellate prey, showing that prey type mediates copepod behavior. These results differentiate species-specific behaviors and responses to environmental conditions, which may lead to better understanding of niche separation and latitudinal patterns in copepod feeding and movement strategies.
    Beschreibung: This study was supported by the National Science Foundation [OCE1634024 to N.F.; OCE-1433979 and OCE-1559062 to H.J.]; and by Stony Brook University [Graduate Council Fellowship and Turner Fellowship to A.S.T].
    Beschreibung: 2021-06-11
    Schlagwort(e): Copepods ; Zooplankton ; Seawater viscosity ; Feeding mechanism ; Micro-particle tracking velocimetry (µPTV)
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 30
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    Response to: the metabolic cost of whistling is low but measurable in dolphins (2020)
    Company of Biologists
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Company of Biologists, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of Company of Biologists for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology 223(11), (2020): jeb224915, doi: 10.1242/jeb.224915.
    Beschreibung: Costs of sound production have been investigated only sparsely incetaceans, despite recent efforts to understand how increasinganthropogenic noise affects these animals that rely extensively onsound for communication and foraging. Theoretical estimates suggestthat metabolic costs of whistling for bottlenose dolphins should be〈0.54% of resting metabolic rate (RMR) (Jensen et al., 2012),whereas empirical studies of a single whistling dolphin surprisinglyclaimed that sound production costs were around 20% of RMR (Holtet al., 2015; Noren et al., 2013). Addressing this discrepancy, wefound that costs of whistling were significantly less than 20% RMRand not statistically different from theoretical estimates (Pedersenet al., 2020). In their correspondence, Noren et al., 2020 argue thatthey did not claim whistling was‘costly’and questioned aspects ofour methods, and we address these points here.
    Beschreibung: 2021-06-08
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 31
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    Ontogenetic variation in the hearing sensitivity of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) and the implications of anthropogenic sound on behavior and communication (2020)
    Company of Biologists
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Company of Biologists, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of Company of Biologists for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology (2020): jeb.219683, doi: 10.1242/jeb.219683.
    Beschreibung: Black sea bass (Centropristis striata) is an important fish species in both commercial and recreational fisheries of southern New England and the mid-Atlantic Bight. Due to the intense urbanization of these waters, this species is subject to a wide range of anthropogenic noise pollution. Concerns that C. striata are negatively affected by pile driving and construction noise predominate in areas earmarked for energy development. However, as yet, the hearing range of C. striata is unknown, making it hard to evaluate potential risks. This study is a first step in understanding the effects of anthropogenic noise on C. striata by determining the auditory bandwidth and thresholds of this species using auditory evoked potentials (AEPs), creating pressure and acceleration audiograms. These physiological tests were conducted on wild-caught C. striata in three size/age categories. Results showed that juvenile C. striata significantly had the lowest thresholds, with hearing sensitivity decreasing in the larger size classes. Furthermore, Centropristis striata has fairly sensitive hearing relative to other related species. Preliminary investigations into the mechanisms of their hearing ability were undertaken with gross dissections and an opportunistic micro computed tomography image to address the auditory structures including otoliths and swimbladder morphology. Crucially, the hearing range of C. striata, and their most sensitive frequencies, directly overlap with high-amplitude anthropogenic noise pollution such as shipping and underwater construction.
    Beschreibung: This work was funded by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Environmental Studies Program through Interagency Agreement Number M17PG00029 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
    Beschreibung: 2021-05-27
    Schlagwort(e): Centropristis striata ; Fish hearing ; Pile driving ; Anthropogenic sound ; AEP
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 32
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    Signal-specific amplitude adjustment to noise in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) (2020)
    Company of Biologists
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Company of Biologists, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of Company of Biologists for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology 222 (2019): jeb.216606, doi: 10.1242/jeb.216606
    Beschreibung: Anthropogenic underwater noise has increased over the past century, raising concern about the impact on cetaceans that rely on sound for communication, navigation and locating prey and predators. Many terrestrial animals increase the amplitude of their acoustic signals to partially compensate for the masking effect of noise (the Lombard response), but it has been suggested that cetaceans almost fully compensate with amplitude adjustments for increasing noise levels. Here, we used sound-recording DTAGs on pairs of free-ranging common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) to test (i) whether dolphins increase signal amplitude to compensate for increasing ambient noise and (ii) whether adjustments are identical for different signal types. We present evidence of a Lombard response in the range 0.1–0.3 dB per 1 dB increase in ambient noise, which is similar to that of terrestrial animals, but much lower than the response reported for other cetaceans. We found that signature whistles tended to be louder and with a lower degree of amplitude adjustment to noise compared with non-signature whistles, suggesting that signature whistles may be selected for higher output levels and may have a smaller scope for amplitude adjustment to noise. The consequence of the limited degree of vocal amplitude compensation is a loss of active space during periods of increased noise, with potential consequences for group cohesion, conspecific encounter rates and mate attraction.
    Beschreibung: Fieldwork in Sarasota was funded by the Grossman Foundation, the Office of Naval Research, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Health assessments were funded by Dolphin Quest, Inc. I.M.K. received support from the Danish Acoustical Society (Dansk Akustisk Selskab). P.L.T. received funding from the University of St Andrews, the Office of Naval Research (N00014-19-1-2560) and the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland). F.H.J. was supported by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-1410410) and an AIAS-COFUND fellowship from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies under the FP7-PEOPLE programme of the EU (agreement no. 609033). All support is gratefully acknowledged.
    Beschreibung: 2020-11-08
    Schlagwort(e): Cetacean ; Signature whistle ; Communication ; Anthropogenic noise ; Masking ; Lombard response
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 33
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    Whistling is metabolically cheap for communicating bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) (2020)
    Company of Biologists
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Company of Biologists, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of Company of Biologists for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology 223(1), (2019): jeb.212498, doi: 10.1242/jeb.212498.
    Beschreibung: Toothed whales depend on sound for communication and foraging, making them potentially vulnerable to acoustic masking from increasing anthropogenic noise. Masking effects may be ameliorated by higher amplitudes or rates of calling, but such acoustic compensation mechanisms may incur energetic costs if sound production is expensive. The costs of whistling in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have been reported to be much higher (20% of resting metabolic rate, RMR) than theoretical predictions (0.5–1% of RMR). Here, we address this dichotomy by measuring the change in the resting O2 consumption rate (V̇O2), a proxy for RMR, in three post-absorptive bottlenose dolphins during whistling and silent trials, concurrent with simultaneous measurement of acoustic output using a calibrated hydrophone array. The experimental protocol consisted of a 2-min baseline period to establish RMR, followed by a 2-min voluntary resting surface apnea, with or without whistling as cued by the trainers, and then a 5-min resting period to measure recovery costs. Daily fluctuations in V̇O2 were accounted for by subtracting the baseline RMR from the recovery costs to estimate the cost of apnea with and without whistles relative to RMR. Analysis of 52 sessions containing 1162 whistles showed that whistling did not increase metabolic cost (P〉0.1, +4.2±6.9%) as compared with control trials (−0.5±5.9%; means±s.e.m.). Thus, we reject the hypothesis that whistling is costly for bottlenose dolphins, and conclude that vocal adjustments such as the Lombard response to noise do not represent large direct energetic costs for communicating toothed whales.
    Beschreibung: M.P.B. received financial support from a Company of Biologists JEB travel fellowship JEBTF181150, and a grant from the Danish Acoustical Society. F.H.J. was supported by an AIAS-COFUND fellowship from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies under the FP7 program of the EU (agreement no. 609033). P.T.M. and recording equipment were funded by a large frame grant from Danish Council for Independent Research | Natural Sciences (Natur og Univers, Det Frie Forskningsråd). A.F. was supported by Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana and Global Diving Research.
    Beschreibung: 2020-12-03
    Schlagwort(e): Respiratory physiology ; Sound production ; Acoustic communication ; Underwater noise ; Vocal modifications ; Toothed whales
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 34
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    Dynamic biosonar adjustment strategies in deep-diving Risso's dolphins driven partly by prey evasion (2020)
    Company of Biologists
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Company of Biologists, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of Company of Biologists for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology 223 (2019): jeb.216283, doi: 10.1242/jeb.216283.
    Beschreibung: Toothed whales have evolved flexible biosonar systems to find, track and capture prey in diverse habitats. Delphinids, phocoenids and iniids adjust inter-click intervals and source levels gradually while approaching prey. In contrast, deep-diving beaked and sperm whales maintain relatively constant inter-click intervals and apparent output levels during the approach followed by a rapid transition into the foraging buzz, presumably to maintain a long-range acoustic scene in a multi-target environment. However, it remains unknown whether this rapid biosonar adjustment strategy is shared by delphinids foraging in deep waters. To test this, we investigated biosonar adjustments of a deep-diving delphinid, the Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus). We analyzed inter-click interval and apparent output level adjustments recorded from sound recording tags to quantify in situ sensory adjustment during prey capture attempts. Risso's dolphins did not follow typical (20logR) biosonar adjustment patterns seen in shallow-water species, but instead maintained stable repetition rates and output levels up to the foraging buzz. Our results suggest that maintaining a long-range acoustic scene to exploit complex, multi-target prey layers is a common strategy amongst deep-diving toothed whales. Risso's dolphins transitioned rapidly into the foraging buzz just like beaked whales during most foraging attempts, but employed a more gradual biosonar adjustment in a subset (19%) of prey approaches. These were characterized by higher speeds and minimum specific acceleration, indicating higher prey capture efforts associated with evasive prey. Thus, tracking and capturing evasive prey using biosonar may require a more gradual switch between multi-target echolocation and single-target tracking.
    Beschreibung: F.H.J. was supported by an AIAS-COFUND fellowship from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies under the FP7 program of the EU Seventh Framework Programme (agreement no. 609033). F.V. was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) (grants N00014-15-1-2341 and N00014-17-1-2715) and the Dutch Research Council (award number 016.Veni.181.086). P.L.T. was supported by ONR (grants N00014-15-1-2553 and N00014-18-1-2062) and acknowledges the support of the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland) in the completion of this study. MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions.
    Beschreibung: 2020-12-10
    Schlagwort(e): Echolocation ; Sensory ecology ; Mesopelagic foraging ; Deep-water environment ; Biosonar strategies ; Gain control
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 35
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    Specialization for rapid excitation in fast squid tentacle muscle involves action potentials absent in slow arm muscle (2020)
    Company of Biologists
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Company of Biologists, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of Company of Biologists for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology 223(3), (2019): jeb.218081, doi: 10.1242/jeb.218081.
    Beschreibung: An important aspect of the performance of many fast muscle fiber types is rapid excitation. Previous research on the cross-striated muscle fibers responsible for the rapid tentacle strike in squid has revealed the specializations responsible for high shortening velocity, but little is known about excitation of these fibers. Conventional whole-cell patch recordings were made from tentacle fibers and the slower obliquely striated muscle fibers of the arms. The fast-contracting tentacle fibers show an approximately 10-fold greater sodium conductance than that of the arm fibers and, unlike the arm fibers, the tentacle muscle fibers produce action potentials. In situ hybridization using an antisense probe to the voltage-dependent sodium channel present in this squid genus shows prominent expression of sodium channel mRNA in tentacle fibers but undetectable expression in arm fibers. Production of action potentials by tentacle muscle fibers and their absence in arm fibers is likely responsible for the previously reported greater twitch–tetanus ratio in the tentacle versus the arm fibers. During the rapid tentacle strike, a few closely spaced action potentials would result in maximal activation of transverse tentacle muscle. Activation of the slower transverse muscle fibers in the arms would require summation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials over a longer time, allowing the precise modulation of force required for supporting slower movements of the arms.
    Beschreibung: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (IOS 1557754 to W.F.G. and IOS 0951067 to W.M.K.).
    Beschreibung: 2021-01-03
    Schlagwort(e): Calcium current ; Cephalopod muscle ; Current clamp ; Patch clamp ; Sodium current ; Voltage clamp
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 36
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    Casting a wide net: use of diverse model organisms to advance toxicology (2020)
    Company of Biologists
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hahn, M. E., & Sadler, K. C. Casting a wide net: use of diverse model organisms to advance toxicology. Disease Models & Mechanisms, 13, (2020): dmm.043844, doi: 10.1242/dmm.043844.
    Beschreibung: Toxicology – the study of how chemicals interact with biological systems – has clear relevance to human health and disease. Persistent exposure to natural and synthetic chemicals is an unavoidable part of living on our planet; yet, we understand very little about the effects of exposure to the vast majority of chemicals. While epidemiological studies can provide strong statistical inference linking chemical exposure to disease, research in model systems is essential to elucidate the mechanisms of action and to predict outcomes. Most research in toxicology utilizes a handful of mammalian models that represent a few distinct branches of the evolutionary tree. This narrow focus constrains the understanding of chemical-induced disease processes and systems that have evolved in response to exposures. We advocate for casting a wider net in environmental toxicology research to utilize diverse model systems, including zebrafish, and perform more mechanistic studies of cellular responses to chemical exposures to shift the perception of toxicology as an applied science to that of a basic science. This more-inclusive perspective will enrich the field and should remain central to research on chemical-induced disease.
    Beschreibung: K.C.S. acknowledges support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)(5R01AA018886). M.E.H. acknowledges support from the National Institute ofEnvironmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) through the Boston University SuperfundResearch Program (P42ES007381) and the Woods Hole Center for Oceans andHuman Health (NIEHS grant P01ES028938 and National Science Foundation grantOCE-1840381).
    Schlagwort(e): Animal models ; Toxicants ; Toxicology ; Zebrafish
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  • 37
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    Hyperbaric tracheobronchial compression in cetaceans and pinnipeds (2020)
    Company of Biologists
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Company of Biologists, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of Company of Biologists for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology 223 (2020): jeb217885, doi:10.1242/jeb.217885.
    Beschreibung: Assessment of the compressibility of marine mammal airways at depth is crucial to understanding vital physiological processes such as gas exchange during diving. Very few studies have directly assessed changes in cetacean and pinniped tracheobronchial shape, and none have quantified changes in volume with increasing pressure. A harbor seal, gray seal, harp seal, harbor porpoise and common dolphin were imaged promptly post mortem via computed tomography in a radiolucent hyperbaric chamber. Volume reconstructions were performed of segments of the trachea and bronchi of the pinnipeds and bronchi of the cetaceans for each pressure treatment. All specimens examined demonstrated significant decreases in airway volume with increasing pressure, with those of the harbor seal and common dolphin nearing complete collapse at the highest pressures. The common dolphin bronchi demonstrated distinctly different compression dynamics between 50% and 100% lung inflation treatments, indicating the importance of air in maintaining patent airways, and collapse occurred caudally to cranially in the 50% treatment. Dynamics of the harbor seal and gray seal airways indicated that the trachea was less compliant than the bronchi. These findings indicate potential species-specific variability in airway compliance, and cessation of gas exchange may occur at greater depths than those predicted in models assuming rigid airways. This may potentially increase the likelihood of decompression sickness in these animals during diving.
    Beschreibung: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
    Beschreibung: 2021-02-10
    Schlagwort(e): Computed tomography ; Marine mammal ; Trachea ; Bronchi ; Airway compression
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    A cerebellum-like circuit in the lateral line system of fish cancels mechanosensory input associated with its own movements (2020)
    Company of Biologists
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Company of Biologists, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of Company of Biologists for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology 223 (2020): jeb.204438, doi:10.1242/jeb.204438.
    Beschreibung: An animal's own movement exerts a profound impact on sensory input to its nervous system. Peripheral sensory receptors do not distinguish externally generated stimuli from stimuli generated by an animal's own behavior (reafference) – although the animal often must. One way that nervous systems can solve this problem is to provide movement-related signals (copies of motor commands and sensory feedback) to sensory systems, which can then be used to generate predictions that oppose or cancel out sensory responses to reafference. Here, we studied the use of movement-related signals to generate sensory predictions in the lateral line medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON) of the little skate. In the MON, mechanoreceptive afferents synapse on output neurons that also receive movement-related signals from central sources, via a granule cell parallel fiber system. This parallel fiber system organization is characteristic of a set of so-called cerebellum-like structures. Cerebellum-like structures have been shown to support predictive cancellation of reafference in the electrosensory systems of fish and the auditory system of mice. Here, we provide evidence that the parallel fiber system in the MON can generate predictions that are negative images of (and therefore cancel) sensory input associated with respiratory and fin movements. The MON, found in most aquatic vertebrates, is probably one of the most primitive cerebellum-like structures and a starting point for cerebellar evolution. The results of this study contribute to a growing body of work that uses an evolutionary perspective on the vertebrate cerebellum to understand its functional diversity in animal behavior.
    Beschreibung: This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) and Wesleyan University grants to D.B. Funding for K.E.P. while performing these experiments came in part from a grant from the HHMI Hughes V award for undergraduate education to Wesleyan University (52005211) in the form of a summer research fellowship. A.K. was supported in part by an NSF-REU Award (1659604) and a Wesleyan University Summer Research Fellowship. K.E.P. is currently supported through funding from the Simons Society of Fellows as a Junior Fellow.
    Beschreibung: 2021-01-17
    Schlagwort(e): Cerebellum-like ; Mechanosensory lateral line ; Predictive cancellation ; Reafference ; Elasmobranch ; Sensory system
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 39
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    DESTRESS - soft stimulation treatments of geothermal reservoirs, Iceland (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-27
    Beschreibung: Near Reykjavik/Iceland, a "soft stimulation” geothermal experiment was performed in the frame of the DESTRESS project in 2019. The installed seismic stations consist of short period, and borehole stations in and around Geldinganes, NE of Reykjavik. The task of this network is the monitoring of the seismic events in the area around the stimulation site. The installation started in late 2018 with 6 short period stations (Reykjavik Energy). Since July 2019 additional seismic stations were integrated as a small scale array on the island Geldinganes and additional short period stations. A borehole geophone chain was installed with 17 short period 3-component geophones with a vertical spacing of 10 meter in the depth interval 1040m to 1200 m. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code YG, and are embargoed until January 2025.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 40
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    BRAVOSEIS Onshore Seismic Array (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-27
    Beschreibung: The Bransfield Strait is a seismically active extensional rift located between the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands. The Strait is partly located on continental crust including areas within the transition to seafloor spreading. The amphibious seismic network BRAVOSEIS is an international effort focused on the seismological research of submarine volcanoes and rift dynamics in the Bransfield Strait. This network is the onshore component of the entire network consisting of 15 broadband land stations deployed in the South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula between January 2018 and February 2020. The offshore components (network code ZX) include 9 broadband ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) across the Central Bransfield Basin and a group of 6 hydrophone moorings spanning the rift area of 200 x 100 km2, with inter-station distance of ~30 km. Additionally, a smaller offshore array consisting of 15 short-period OBSs with an aperture of 20 km and a narrow inter-station distance of ~4 km was deployed around the Orca submarine volcanic edifice south of King George Island. The data will be used to study the geodynamics of the Bransfield Strait and the evolution of the incipient rifting zone in the domain where extension has been suggested. Seismological methods will include earthquake location, source mechanism, surface wave analysis with ambient noise and earthquake data, receiver function and shear wave splitting. The results may shed light on the crustal structure and tectonic regime in the region and image the location and extent of magma accumulations related to submarine volcanic structures. Finally, the results should provide clues to assess the internal processes that occur in the submarine volcanoes of the area undergoing rifting. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 5M and are embargoed until Mar 2024. Acknowledgments: We thank all participants in the BRAVOSEIS 2018, 2019, and 2020 cruises, with a special acknowledgement to Capt. Jose Emilio Regodon and his crew at R/V Hesperides; Capt. Juan Carlos Hernandez and his crew at Sarmiento de Gamboa; Miki Ojeda, Ezequiel Gonzalez, and all the UTM staff involved in the planification and realization of the surveys. We also thank the Spanish Polar Committee and institutions involved in the management of the Spanish Antarctic campaigns and the development of the Spanish Polar Program. We are grateful for the help and support that we always find in the personnel of the Antarctic Bases, especially the Spanish Bases Juan Carlos I and Gabriel de Castilla.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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    SEISVOL - Seismic and Infrasound Networks to study the volcano Oldoinyo Lengai (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-27
    Beschreibung: Oldoinyo Lengai in the North Tanzanian Divergence is the only active natrocarbonatite volcano world-wide and presents an important endmember magmatic system in a young rift segment of the East African Rift System. This volcano typically experiences long-duration episodes of natrocarbonatitic effusions with intermittent short-duration explosive eruptions. To better understand the role of the stress interactions and magma plumbing on the eruptions dynamics, this study aims to constrain the subsurface magmatic architecture of Oldoinyo Lengai, and a zone of ongoing seismicity and intrusive activity below the extinct 1 Ma-old Gelai shield volcano and active Naibor Soito monogenetic cone field. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 9J, and are embargoed until November 2025.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 42
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    AlbACa – Albanian Earthquake Aftershock Campaign (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-27
    Beschreibung: On 26th of November 2019 an Mw 6.4 earthquake ruptured near the port town of Durres, only 25 km from Tirana, the capital of Albania. The earthquake caused major damage and killed 51 people, making it the deadliest earthquake in 2019 worldwide. The mainshock was relatively deep (~25 km) and of thrust type. In December 2019, a Hazard and Risk team (HART) from German Center for Geosciences (GFZ), Karslruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in cooperation with the Institute of Geosciences, Energy, Water and Environment (IGEWE) of the Polytechnic University of Tirana, Albania installed a 30-station seismic network in the epicentral region to record aftershocks. Stations were equipped with short-period (1 Hz or 4.5 Hz) 3-component seismometers and CUBE data loggers recording continuously 100 sps. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 9K under CC-BY 4.0 license and are embargoed until January 2024.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 43
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    Omongwa Pan, Namibia (June 2015) - an EnMAP Preparatory Flight Campaign (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-11-16
    Beschreibung: The dataset is composed of Neo HySpex (VNIR/SWIR) hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on June 6th, 2015 covering the Omongwa Pan located in the South-West Kalahari, Namibia. The dataset includes three cloud-free flight lines with 408 spectral bands ranging from VNIR to SWIR wavelength regions (0.4-2.5 µm). The dataset also includes Level 2A EnMAP-like imagery simulated using the end-to-end Simulation tool (EeteS). The overall goal of the campaign was to acquire imagery over the Omongwa Pan and use the spectral reflectance for the analyses of surface sediments, specifically the mineralogical composition of exposed surface evaporites / salts on the airborne and spaceborne scale. The data are highly novel and can be used to test estimation of surface sediment properties in a highly saline and dynamic environment.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 44
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    Omongwa Salt Pan, Namibia - An EnMAP Preparatory Flight Campaign (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    In:  EnMAP Flight Campaigns Technical Report
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-11-16
    Beschreibung: The dataset is composed of Neo HySpex (VNIR/SWIR) hyperspectral imagery acquired during the GFZ/DIMAP Geoarchive airborne campaign on June 6th, 2015 covering the Omongwa salt pan located in the South-West Kalahari, Namibia. The dataset includes 9 merged cloud-free flight lines with 408 spectral bands ranging from VNIR to SWIR wavelength regions (0.4-2.5 μm). The dataset also includes Level 2A EnMAP-like imagery simulated using the end-to-end Simulation tool (EeteS). The overall goal of the campaign was to test the potential of advanced optical hyperspectral remote sensing, or imaging spectroscopy, for the analysis of surface processes in the Omongwa salt pan and for the quantification of surface sediments. Specifically, the mineralogical composition of exposed evaporites such as halite, gypsum and calcite were investigated at the airborne and spaceborne scale, associated with comprehensive field campaigns, ich which spectral reflectance and ground-truth chemical data of field samples have been collected. The data are highly novel and can be used as testbeds for the development and validation of retrieval algorithms based on air- and space-borne hyperspectral imagery for estimation of surface sediment properties in a highly saline and dynamic environment.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 45
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    Source Inversion Report On The 24 January 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ-Sivrice Earthquake (V. 1.0.) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-23
    Beschreibung: This interactive webpage contains supplementary information for the publication by Jamalreyhani et al., 2020: Seismicity related to the eastern sector of Anatolian escape tectonics: A seismic gap partly filled by the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 46
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    OSG Logging Data - Lake Junín Drilling Project, Perú - 22-JUL-18-AUG-2015 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-23
    Beschreibung: The Lake Junín Drilling Project, co-funded by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, ICDP, aims to provide a continuous paleoclimate record from lacustrine sediments, and to reconstruct the history of the continental records covering the glacial-interglacial cycles spanning more than 500 kyr. Lake Junín, also known as Chinchaycocha, is a shallow (maximum water depth of 12 m), inter-mountain high-elevation (at 4100 m a.s.l.) lake in the inner-tropics of the Southern Hemisphere that spans 300 km2 in the tropical Andes of Peru. Drill cores were recovered during summer 2015 from three drill sites on the lake. After the completion of coring operations in each hole, downhole logging measurements were performed in five of the 11 boreholes (1A, 1C, 1D, 2A and 3B) by the Operational Support Group of ICDP at GFZ Potsdam (OSG). The OSG logging data from Lake Junín Drilling Project is given here in three data formats. For each of the five boreholes all processed logging data are comprised in one composite logging data set, this set is given here both in ASCII text and in WellCAD format. Additionally, the raw sonic waveform data are in LIS format: • Composite logging data in ASCII text files (.txt) • Composite logging data in WellCAD format (.wcl) • Sonic raw data (waveforms) in LIS format (.lis) Detailed description is provided in the associated data description file.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 47
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    Rheology of viscous materials from the CNR-IGG Tectonic Modelling Laboratory at the University of Florence (Italy) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-31
    Beschreibung: This dataset provides rheometric data of three viscous materials used for centrifuge experiments at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of CNR-IGG at the Earth Sciences Department of the University of Florence (Italy). The first material, PP45, is a mixture of a silicone (Polydimethylsiloxane or PDMS SGM36) and plasticine (Giotto Pongo). The PDMS is produced by Dow Corning and its characteristics are described by e.g. Rudolf et al. 2016a,b). Giotto Pongo is produced by FILA (Italy). Both components are mixed following a weight ratio of 100:45, and the final mixture has a density of 1520 kg m3. The second material, SCA705 is a mixture of Dow Corning 3179 putty, mixed with fine corundum sand and oleic acid with a weight ratio of 100:70:05 and a resulting density of 1660 kg m3. The final material, SCA7020 consists of the same components as SCA705, but with a slightly higher oleic acid content reflected in the weight ratio of 100:70:20. The mixture’s density is 1620 kg m3. The material samples have been analyzed in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam using an Anton Paar Physica MCR 301 rheometer in a plate-plate configuration at room temperature (20˚C). Rotational (controlled shear rate) tests with shear rates varying from 10-4 to 1 s-1 were performed. Additional temperature tests were run with shear rates between 10-2 to 10-1 s-1 for a temperature range between 15 and 30˚C. According to our rheometric analysis, the materials all exhibit shear thinning behavior, with high power law exponents (n-number) for strain rates below 10-2s-1, while power law exponents are lower above that threshold.For PP45, the respective n-numbers are 4.8 and 2.6, for SCA705 6.7 and 1.5, and for SCA7020 9.1 and 2.0. The temperature tests show decreasing viscosities with increasing temperatures with rates of -3.8, -1.4 and -1.9% per ˚K for PP45, SCA705 and SCA7020, respectively. An application of the materials tested can be found in Zwaan et al. (2020).
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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    4D X-Ray CT data and surface view videos of analogue models exploring rift interaction in orthogonal and rotational extension (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-31
    Beschreibung: This data set includes videos depicting the surface evolution of 29 analogue models on crustal extension, as well as 4D CT imagery (figures and videos) of two of these experiments. The experiments examined the influence of the method for driving extension (orthogonal or rotational) on the interaction between rift segments using a brittle-viscous set-up. All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of the University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (UB). Brittle and viscous layers are both 4 cm thick, extension velocities are 8 mm/h so that a model duration of 5 h yields a total extension of 40 mm (e = ca. 13%, given an initial model width of ca. 30 mm). Next to the mode of extension (orthogonal or rotational), we also test the effect of the degree of onderlap (angle φ). Detailed descriptions of the experiments and monitoring techniques can be found in Zwaan et al. (2020).
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 49
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    Digital image correlation data from analogue modelling experiments addressing orthogonal and rotational extension at the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (CH) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-31
    Beschreibung: This data set includes the results of digital image correlation of ten brittle-viscous experiments on crustal extension and four benchmark experiments performed at the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (UB). The experiments demonstrate the differences in rift development in orthogonal versus rotation extension. Detailed descriptions of the experiments and monitoring techniques can be found in Zwaan et al. (2019) to which this data set is supplementary. Additional background information concerning the general modelling approach are available in Zwaan et al. (2016).. The data presented here consist of movies displaying digital image correlation (DIC) derived surface and internal displacement fields as well as profiles of the lateral cumulative surface displacements. Digital photographs of the experimental surface and digital image cross section of the computed CT-scans were analyzed with DIC (Adam et al., 2005, 2013) techniques to quantify displacements in the image plane at high precision (〈0.1 mm). DIC was undertaken with the software DaVis 8.0 (LaVision) applying 2D-DIC (FFT-legacy) multipass processing with a final interrogation window size of 32x32 (CT: 12x12) pixels and 50% (CT: 25%) overlap.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 50
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    Ring-shear test data of feldspar sand from the CNR-IGG Tectonic Modelling Laboratory at the University of Florence (Italy) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-31
    Beschreibung: This dataset provides internal data from ring-shear tests (RST) on a feldspar sand material that has been used in tectonic experiments by among others Montanari et al. (2017) and Zwaan et al. (2020) in the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of CNR-IGG at the Earth Sciences Department of the University of Florence (Italy) as an analogue for brittle layers in the crust. The material has been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients μ and cohesions C as a remote service by the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam for the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of CNR-IGG at the Earth Sciences Department of the University of Florence (CNR-UF) According to our analysis the material behaves as a Mohr-Coulomb material characterized by a linear failure envelope. Internal peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients are μP= 0.72, μD= 0.67, and μR= 0.72 respectively. Internal cohesions C are in the range of 60 to 120 Pa. Note however that these values differ from those reported by Montanari et al. (2017), who used empirical methods to determine material properties and find a friction angle of ca. 57˚ (i.e. a friction coefficient of ca. 1.5).
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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    FoMapS: Seismic investigation of the Fogo magmatic plumbing system, Cape Verde, using multi-array techniques (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-28
    Beschreibung: Volcanic eruptions are regularly observed on the island of Fogo, Cape Verde, with an average re-occurrence interval of ca. 20 years. However, the structure and extent of the related volcanic plumbing system are not well understood. Previous studies have investigated earthquakes related to magmatic processes connected with the Fogo volcano using conventional network configurations. Seismicity has been reported to occur mainly southwest of the island of Brava while a more recent study reports on activity focussed between Brava and Fogo. Multi-array seismology has the potential to significantly reduce the localization errors of seismic events in particular for those outside a station network and to lower the detection threshold. The subject of this study is the investigation of the local volcano-related seismicity applying multi-array methods which is a unique task amongst the research activities at German universities. The scientific aims are (a) to precisely map local events to constrain the structure of and the dynamic processes within the volcanic plumbing system, (b) to image the magma source region below the Fogo volcano using reflected and backscattered waves, and (c) to localize low-frequency volcanic tremor events. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 9J, and are embargoed until February 2022.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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