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  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Wien : Geolog. Bundesanst.
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 2010-2014  (19)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979
  • 2014  (19)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2010-2014  (19)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979
Year
  • 1
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    Tephra redeposition and mixing in a Late-glacial hillside basin determined by fusion of clustering analyses of glass-shard geochemistry (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Quaternary Science, 29 (8). pp. 789-802.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-03
    Description: Two discontinuous tephra layers were discovered at Burney Spring Mountain, northern California. Stratigraphic relationships suggest that they are two distinct primary fall tephras. The geochemistries of these tephras from electron probe microanalysis were compared with those of known layers found in the area to test for potential correlations, using clustering analysis on geochemistry. In most cases, geochemical data from a tephra layer can be assigned to a single cluster, but in some cases the analyses are spread over several clusters. This spreading is a direct result of mixing and reworking of several tephra layers. The mixing, in turn, appears to be related to the influence of wind in a marshy environment.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Fishing impact and environmental status in European seas: a diagnosis from stock assessments and ecosystem indicators (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Fish and Fisheries, 17 (1). pp. 31-55.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: Stock‐based and ecosystem‐based indicators are used to provide a new diagnosis of the fishing impact and environmental status of European seas. In the seven European marine ecosystems covering the Baltic and the North‐east Atlantic, (i) trends in landings since 1950 were examined; (ii) syntheses of the status and trends in fish stocks were consolidated at the ecosystem level; and (iii) trends in ecosystem indicators based on landings and surveys were analysed. We show that yields began to decrease everywhere (except in the Baltic) from the mid‐1970s, as a result of the over‐exploitation of some major stocks. Fishermen adapted by increasing fishing effort and exploiting a wider part of the ecosystems. This was insufficient to compensate for the decrease in abundance of many stocks, and total landings have halved over the last 30 years. The highest fishing impact took place in the late 1990s, with a clear decrease in stock‐based and ecosystem indicators. In particular, trophic‐based indicators exhibited a continuous decreasing trend in almost all ecosystems. Over the past decade, a decrease in fishing pressure has been observed, the mean fishing mortality rate of assessed stocks being almost halved in all the considered ecosystems, but no clear recovery in the biomass and ecosystem indicators is yet apparent. In addition, the mean recruitment index was shown to decrease by around 50% in all ecosystems (except the Baltic). We conclude that building this kind of diagnosis is a key step on the path to implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries management.
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  • 3
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    Towards a protocol for the trace element analysis of glass from rhyolitic shards in tephra deposits by laser ablation ICP-MS (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Quaternary Science, 29 (7). pp. 627-640.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is used widely to analyse single volcanic glass shards from Quaternary tephra deposits for stratigraphic correlation. As yet, no generally accepted protocol for these analyses exists and published methods report significant differences in crater size and calibration strategies. Using Ca as the ‘internal standard’ (CaI.S.), and not SiI.S., for the analysis of rhyolitic glass can cause significant problems, because of ablation of (i) Ca-rich phenocrysts, notably ‘ubiquitous’ plagioclase, but also calcic-amphibole, apatite and allanite or (ii) mounting epoxy resin which can contribute to the Ca internal standard signal. Using CaI.S. can cause underreporting of many elements which concentrate in Ca-rich phenocrysts, making their ablation difficult to recognize, but when using SiI.S., no such underreporting occurs. Additionally, larger ablation craters (50mm diameter) potentially incorporate even small volumes of phenocryst material, whereas smaller craters (〈20mm diameter) more frequently miss phenocrysts. Thus, for the LA-ICP-MS analysis of rhyolitic glass shards, smaller ablation craters should be employed and calibrated using SiI.S., allowing recognition and removal of analyses incorporating Ca-rich phenocrysts and avoiding issues related to the ablation of the mounting resin.
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  • 4
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    Dispersal restricts local biomass but promotes the recovery of metacommunities after temperature stress (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Oikos, 123 (6). pp. 762-768.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Landscape connectivity can increase the capacity of communities to maintain their function when environments change by promoting the immigration of species or populations with adapted traits. However, high immigration may also restrict fine tuning of species compositions to local environmental conditions by homogenizing the community. Here we demonstrate that dispersal generates such a tradeoff between maximizing local biomass and the capacity of model periphyton metacommunities to recover after a simulated heat wave. In non-disturbed metacommunities, dispersal decreased the total biomass by preventing differentiation in species composition between the local patches making up the metacommunity. On the contrary, in metacommunities exposed to a realistic summer heat wave, dispersal promoted recovery by increasing the biomass of heat tolerant species in all local patches. Thus, the heat wave reorganized the species composition of the metacommunities and after an initial decrease in total biomass by 38.7%, dispersal fueled a full recovery of biomass in the restructured metacommunities. Although dispersal may decrease equilibrium biomass, our results highlight that connectivity is a key requirement for the response diversity that allows ecological communities to adapt to climate change through species sorting.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Distribution, structure and function of Nordic eelgrass (Zostera marina) ecosystems: implications for coastal management and conservation (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems , 24 (3). pp. 410-434.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-06
    Description: This paper focuses on the marine foundation eelgrass species, Zostera marina, along a gradient from the northern Baltic Sea to the north-east Atlantic. This vast region supports a minimum of 1480 km2 eelgrass (maximum 〉2100 km2), which corresponds to more than four times the previously quantified area of eelgrass in Western Europe. Eelgrass meadows in the low salinity Baltic Sea support the highest diversity (4–6 spp.) of angiosperms overall, but eelgrass productivity is low (〈2 g dw m-2 d-1) and meadows are isolated and genetically impoverished. Higher salinity areas support monospecific meadows, with higher productivity (3–10 g dw m-2 d-1) and greater genetic connectivity. The salinity gradient further imposes functional differences in biodiversity and food webs, in particular a decline in number, but increase in biomass of mesograzers in the Baltic. Significant declines in eelgrass depth limits and areal cover are documented, particularly in regions experiencing high human pressure. The failure of eelgrass to re-establish itself in affected areas, despite nutrient reductions and improved water quality, signals complex recovery trajectories and calls for much greater conservation effort to protect existing meadows. The knowledge base for Nordic eelgrass meadows is broad and sufficient to establish monitoring objectives across nine national borders. Nevertheless, ensuring awareness of their vulnerability remains challenging. Given the areal extent of Nordic eelgrass systems and the ecosystem services they provide, it is crucial to further develop incentives for protecting them.
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  • 6
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    Proposal for an International Molybdenum Isotope Measurement Standard and Data Representation (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 38 (2). pp. 149-151.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-21
    Description: Molybdenum isotopes are increasingly widely applied in Earth Sciences. They are primarily used to investigate the oxygenation of Earth's ocean and atmosphere. However, more and more fields of application are being developed, such as magmatic and hydrothermal processes, planetary sciences or the tracking of environmental pollution. Here, we present a proposal for a unifying presentation of Mo isotope ratios in the studies of mass-dependent isotope fractionation. We suggest that the Mo-98/95 of the NIST SRM 3134 be defined as +0.25. The rationale is that the vast majority of published data are presented relative to reference materials that are similar, but not identical, and that are all slightly lighter than NIST SRM 3134. Our proposed data presentation allows a direct first-order comparison of almost all old data with future work while referring to an international measurement standard. In particular, canonical Mo-98/95 values such as +2.3 parts per thousand for seawater and -0.7 parts per thousand for marine Fe-Mn precipitates can be kept for discussion. As recent publications show that the ocean molybdenum isotope signature is homogeneous, the IAPSO ocean water standard or any other open ocean water sample is suggested as a secondary measurement standard, with a defined Mo-98/95 value of +2.34 +/- 0.10 parts per thousand (2s).
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  • 7
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    Introduced American eelsAnguilla rostratain European waters: life-history traits in a non-native environment (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology, 84 (6). pp. 1740-1747.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-14
    Description: This study investigated growth, condition and development of American eels Anguilla rostrata that were introduced into a European river to estimate their competitive potential in a non-native habitat. Results demonstrate that A. rostrata develops normally in European waters and successfully competes with the native European eel Anguilla anguilla. In addition, A. rostrata appears to be more susceptible to the Asian swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus than A. anguilla and could support the further propagation of this parasite. Detected differences in fat content and gonad mass between Anguilla species are assumed to reflect species-specific adaptations to spawning migration distances. This study indicates that A. rostrata is a potential competitor for the native fauna in European fresh waters and suggests strict import regulations to prevent additional pressure on A. anguilla and a potential further deterioration of its stock situation.
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  • 8
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    Multitrophic diversity effects depend on consumer specialization and species-specific growth and grazing rates (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Oikos, 123 (8). pp. 912-922.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-31
    Description: Ecosystem functioning is affected by horizontal (within trophic groups) and vertical (across trophic levels) biodiversity. Theory predicts that the effects of vertical biodiversity depend on consumer specialization. In a microcosm experiment, we investigated ciliate consumer diversity and specialization effects on algal prey biovolume, evenness and composition, and on ciliate biovolume production. The experimental data was complemented by a process-based model further analyzing the ecological mechanisms behind the observed diversity effects. Overall, increasing consumer diversity had no significant effect on prey biovolume or evenness. However, consumer specialization affected the prey community. Specialist consumers showed a stronger negative impact on prey biovolume and evenness than generalists. The model confirmed that this pattern was mainly driven by a single specialist with a high per capita grazing rate, consuming the two most productive prey species. When these were suppressed, the prey assemblage became dominated by a less productive species, consequently decreasing prey biovolume and evenness. Consumer diversity increased consumer biovolume, which was stronger for generalists than for specialists and highest in mixed combinations, indicating that consumer functional diversity, i.e. more diverse feeding strategies, increased resource use efficiency. Overall, our results indicate that consumer diversity effects on prey and consumers strongly depend on species-specific growth and grazing rates, which may be at least equally important as consumer specialization in driving consumer diversity effects across trophic levels.
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  • 9
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    Effect of algal species and concentration on development and fatty acid composition of two harpacticoid copepods,Tisbesp. andTachidius discipes, and a discussion about their suitability for marine fish larvae (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Aquaculture Nutrition, 20 (1). pp. 44-59.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: We compared the development and fatty acid content of the harpacticoid copepods Tachidius discipes and Tisbe sp. fed with different microalgal species (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Rhodomonas sp., Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Isochrysis galbana and a concentrate of Pavlova sp.), which differed in cell size and fatty acid composition. Tisbe could develop in 11 days with every alga to the same average stage, whereas Tachidius developed poorly when fed with Isochrysis and Dunaliella. Feeding with Phaeodactylum resulted in a fast development of both copepods at low algal concentrations. However, reproduction was higher with Rhodomonas as food than with the other algae. Fatty acid compositions of copepods were influenced by their food source, but both were able to convert docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from precursors. Tachidius fed with Rhodomonas or Phaeodactylum was closest to the DHA/EPA/arachidonic acid (ARA) ratio of 10 : 5 : 1 considered optimal for some marine fish larvae. Tachidius showed similar development and reproduction capacity as Tisbe, but requested higher absolute fatty acid contents in the diet. Tisbe was superior in the utilization of bacteria as additional food source and the bioconversion of precursor fatty acids. Phaeodactylum and Rhodomonas are recommendable food sources for both copepod species, but Phaeodactylum is more easily cultured.
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  • 10
    Map available for loan
    Map available for loan
    Radionuklide in Grundwässern, Gesteinen und Bachsedimenten Österreichs 1:500 000 (2014)
    Wien : Geolog. Bundesanst.
    Details Availability
    Call number: K 15.0082 / R6
    Type of Medium: Map available for loan
    Pages: 1 Kt. : mehrfarb. ; 114 x 59 cm, 18 x 27 cm gefaltet + Erl.-H. (109 S.) im Umschlag
    ISBN: 9783853160756
    Series Statement: Geologische Themenkarten der Republik Österreich
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 11
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    A smoothed stochastic earthquake rate model considering seismicity and fault moment release for Europe (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: We present a time-independent gridded earthquake rate forecast for the European region including Turkey. The spatial component of our model is based on kernel density estimation techniques, which we applied to both past earthquake locations and fault moment release on mapped crustal faults and subduction zone interfaces with assigned slip rates. Our forecast relies on the assumption that the locations of past seismicity is a good guide to future seismicity, and that future large-magnitude events occur more likely in the vicinity of known faults. We show that the optimal weighted sum of the corresponding two spatial densities depends on the magnitude range considered. The kernel bandwidths and density weighting function are optimized using retrospective likelihood-based forecast experiments. We computed earthquake activity rates (a- and b-value) of the truncated Gutenberg–Richter distribution separately for crustal and subduction seismicity based on a maximum likelihood approach that considers the spatial and temporal completeness history of the catalogue. The final annual rate of our forecast is purely driven by the maximum likelihood fit of activity rates to the catalogue data, whereas its spatial component incorporates contributions from both earthquake and fault moment-rate densities. Our model constitutes one branch of the earthquake source model logic tree of the 2013 European seismic hazard model released by the EU-FP7 project ‘Seismic HAzard haRmonization in Europe’ (SHARE) and contributes to the assessment of epistemic uncertainties in earthquake activity rates. We performed retrospective and pseudo-prospective likelihood consistency tests to underline the reliability of our model and SHARE’s area source model (ASM) using the testing algorithms applied in the collaboratory for the study of earthquake predictability (CSEP). We comparatively tested our model’s forecasting skill against the ASM and find a statistically significant better performance for testing periods of 10–20 yr. The testing results suggest that our model is a viable candidate model to serve for long-term forecasting on timescales of years to decades for the European region.
    Description: EC-Research FP7-projects, SHARE, under grant agreement No. 226967 and NERA, under grant agreement No. 262330
    Description: Published
    Description: 1159-1172
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Probabilistic forecasting ; Statistical seismology ; Europe ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Volcanic hot spot detection from optical multispectral remote sensing data using artificial neural networks (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper describes an application of artificial neural networks for the recognition of volcanic lava flow hot spots using remote sensing data. Satellite remote sensing is a very effective and safe way to monitor volcanic eruptions in order to safeguard the environment and the people affected by such natural hazards. Neural networks are an effective and well-established technique for the classification of satellite images. In addition, once well trained, they prove to be very fast in the application stage. In our study a back propagation neural network was used for the recognition of thermal anomalies affecting hot lava pixels. The network was trained using the three thermal channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor as inputs and the corre- sponding values of heat flux, estimated using a two thermal component model, as reference outputs. As a case study the volcano Etna (Eastern Sicily, Italy) was chosen, and in particular the effusive eruption which took place during the month of 2006 July. The neural network was trained with a time-series of 15 images (12 nighttime images and 3 daytime images) and validated on three independent data sets of AVHRR images of the same eruption and on two relative to an eruption occurred the following month. While for both nighttime and daytime validation images the neural network identified the image pixels affected by hot lava with a 100 per cent success rate, for the daytime images also adjacent pixels were included, apparently not interested by lava flow. Despite these performance differences under different illumination conditions, the proposed method can be considered effective both in terms of classification accuracy and generalization capability. In particular our approach proved to be robust in the rejection of false positives, often corresponding to noisy or cloudy pixels, whose presence in multispectral images can often undermine the performance of traditional classification algorithms. Future work shall address application of the proposed method to data acquired with a high temporal resolution, such as those provided by the spinning enhanced visible and infrared imager sensor on board the Meteosat second generation geostationary satellite.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1525-1535
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Image processing ; Neural networks ; fuzzy logic ; Remote sensing of volcanoes ; Hot-spot detection ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Decarbonation and thermal microcracking under magmatic P-T-fCO2 conditions: the role of skarn substrata in promoting volcanic instability (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present a systematic study on the influence of pressure (0.1–600 MPa), temperature (750– 1200 ◦C), carbon dioxide fugacity (logfCO2 = −4.41 to 3.60) and time (2–12 hr) on the chemical and physical properties of carbonate rock. Our experiments aim to reproduce the conditions at the periphery of magma chamber where carbonate host rock is influenced by, but not readily assimilated by, magma. This permits the investigation of the natural conditions at which circulating fluids/gases promote infiltration reactions typical of metasomatic skarns that can involve large volumes of subvolcanic carbonate basements. Results show that, providing that carbon dioxide is retained in the pore space, decarbonation does not proceed at any magmatic pressure and temperature. However, when the carbon dioxide is free to escape, decarbonation can occur rapidly and is not hindered by a low initial porosity or permeability. Together with carbon dioxide and lime, portlandite, a mineral commonly found in voluminous metasomatic skarns, readily forms during carbonate decomposition. Post-experimental analyses highlight that thermal microcracking, a result of the highly anisotropic thermal expansion of calcite, exerts a greater influence on rock physical properties (porosity, ultrasonic wave velocities and elastic moduli) than decarbonation. Our data suggest that this will be especially true at the margins of dykes or magma bodies, where temperatures can reach up to 1200 ◦C. However, rock compressive strength is significantly reduced by both thermal cracking and decarbonation, explained by the relative weakness of lime + portlandite compared to calcite, and an increase in grain size with increasing temperature. Metasomatic skarns, whose petrogenetic reactions may involve a few tens of cubic kilometres, could therefore represent an important source of volcanic instability.
    Description: Published
    Description: 369-380
    Description: 2R. Laboratori sperimentali e analitici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Volcanic hazards and risks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 14
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    An experiment of muon radiography atMt Etna (Italy) (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Interactions of conduit geometry with gas–liquid flows control volcanic activity, implying that the evaluation of volcanic hazards requires quantitative understanding of the inner structure of the volcano. The more established geophysical imaging techniques suffer from inherent ambiguity, may require spatially dense measurements in active areas and may not provide sufficient spatial resolution in the uppermost part of the conduit system. It is thus desirable to develop new imaging techniques allowing a better spatial resolution of a volcano's upper feeding system, with reduced ambiguity and a low level of risk for operators. Muon particles can be utilized to image the internal density distribution of volcanic structures. The principle of muon radiography is essentially the same as X-ray radiography, except for substituting penetrating particles in place of photons. Muons are more attenuated by higher density parts inside the target and thus information about its inner structure are obtained from the differential muon absorption. We report on a muon-imaging experiment that was conducted at Mt Etna in 2010. The target structure was one of the summit craters of the volcano. This experiment was performed using a muon telescope suitably designed to withstand the harsh conditions in the summit zone of a high volcano. We found a marked difference between synthetic and observed attenuation of muons through the target. This discrepancy is likely due to the bias on the observed flux, arising from false muon tracks. They are caused by low-energy particles that, by chance, hit simultaneously the two matrixes of the telescope, leading to detection of a false positive. We separated the useful from the unwanted signal through a first-order model of the background noise. The resulting signal is compared with the corresponding synthetic flux. Eventually, we found regions of higher- and lower-than-expected muon flux, that are possibly related to inner features of the target crater.
    Description: Published
    Description: 633-643
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Tomography; Volcano monitoring; Volcanic hazards and risks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    New insights on the Messina 1908 seismic source from post-seismic sea level change (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The identification of a source model for the catastrophic 1908 December 28 Messina earth- quake (Mw = 7.2) has been the subject of many papers in the last decades. Several authors proposed different models on the basis of seismological, macroseismic and geodetic data sets; among these models, remarkable differences exist with regard to almost all parameters. We selected a subset of six models among those most cited in literature and used them to model the post-seismic sea level variation recorded at the tide gauge station of Messina (until 1923), to attempt an independent discrimination among them. For each model, we assumed a simple rheological structure and carried out a direct-search inversion of upper crust thickness and lower crust viscosity to fit the post-seismic sea level signal. This approach enabled us to iden- tify a class of fault geometries which is consistent with the post-seismic signal at the Messina tide gauge and with the known structural and rheological features of the Messina strait
    Description: Published
    Description: 611-622
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Sea level change ; Earthquake source observations ; Rheology: crust and lithosphere ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Error analysis of subpixel lava temperature measurements using infrared remotely sensed data (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: When remote sensing users are asked to define their requirements for a new sensor, the big question that always arises is: will the technical specifications meet the scientific requirements? Herein, we discuss quantitative relationships between instrumental spectral and radiometric characteristics and data exploitable for lava flow subpixel temperature analysis. This study was funded within the framework of ESA activities for the IR GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) element mission requirements in 2005. Subpixel temperature retrieval from satellite infrared data is a well-established method that is well documented in the remote sensing literature. However there is little attention paid to the error analysis on estimated parameters due to atmospheric correction and radiometric accuracy of the sensor. In this study, we suggest the best spectral bands combination to estimate subpixel temperature parameters. We also demonstrate that poor atmospheric corrections may vanish the effectiveness of the most radiometrically accurate instrument.
    Description: Published
    Description: 112-125
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Remote sensing, error analysis, IR sensors, sub-pixel temperature, Numerical solutions; Non-linear differential equations; Effusive volcanism; Eruption mechanisms and flow emplacement; Remote sensing of volcanoes; Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
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    Post-seismic slip of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake from GPS observations: implications for depth-dependent properties of subduction megathrusts (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-25
    Description: Here we inverted the GPS data to infer the coseismic slip of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake and the time-dependent afterslip distribution in the 4 months following the main shock. The Tohoku-Oki earthquake showed an unexpected magnitude and a characteristic depth-dependent differentiation of seismic energy radiation. In this context the estimation and comparison of the distribution of the fault portions that slip coseismically and post-seismically contribute to a better understanding of the variation of frictional characteristics of the plate interface. The inferred coseismic slip extends in a relatively compact region located updip from the hypocentre and reaches its highest value (about 60 m) near the trench. Afterslip occurs mostly outside the coseismic rupture and is distributed in two main modal centres. It reaches its largest values in an area located downdip of the coseismic slip and extends to a depth of 80 km. In the depth range between 30 and 50 km afterslip overlaps the portion of the fault that experienced historical moderate earthquakes, high-frequency seismic radiation and thrust-type aftershocks. The behaviour of this area can be explained by a rheologically heterogeneous region made of a ductile fault matrix interspersed with compact brittle asperities. On the contrary, the region beneath 50–60 km depth is probably characterized by a fully velocity strengthening behaviour. Southern afterslip, located off-Chiba Prefecture, is probably related to the Mw 7.9 Ibaraki-Oki aftershock. The northward extension of the afterslip stops at a latitude of about 40◦ N, just south of the off-Aomori region. This may be related to three large events occurred in this area during the last century and the consequent strong coupling or complete depletion of the accumulated strain that characterize this region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 580-596
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Satellite geodesy; Seismic cycle; Earthquake source observations; Subduction zone processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 18
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    Unknown
    Transgenerational plasticity in marine sticklebacks: maternal effects mediate impacts of a warming ocean (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  EPIC3Functional Ecology, Wiley-Blackwell, 28, pp. 1482-1493, ISSN: 0269-8463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 19
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    Monitoring of gas and seismic energy release by multiparametric benthic observatory along the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara (NW Turkey) (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Episodic gas seepage occurs at the seafloor in the Gulf of Izmit (Sea of Marmara, NW Turkey) along the submerged segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), which ruptured during the 1999 Mw7.4 Izmit earthquake, and caused tectonic loading of the fault segment in front of the Istanbul metropolitan area. In order to study gas seepage and seismic energy release along the NAF, a multiparametric benthic observatory (SN-4) was deployed in the gulf at the western end of the 1999 Izmit earthquake rupture, and operated for about 1 yr at 166 m water depth. The SN-4 payload included a three-component broad-band seismometer, as well as gas and oceanographic sensors. We analysed data collected continuously for 161 d in the first part of the experiment, from 2009 October to 2010 March. The main objective of our work was to verify whether tectonic deformation along the NAF could trigger methane seepage. For this reason, we considered only local seismicity, that is, within 100 km from the station. No significant (ML ≥ 3.6) local earthquakes occurred during this period; on the other hand, the seismometer recorded high-frequency SDEs (short duration events), which are not related to seismicity but to abrupt increases of dissolved methane concentration in the sea water that we called MPEs (methane peak events). Acquisition of current velocity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature and salinity, allowed us to analyse the local oceanographic setting during each event, and correlate SDEs to episodic gas discharges from the seabed. We noted that MPEs are the result of such gas releases, but are detected only under favourable oceanographic conditions. This stresses the importance of collecting long-term multiparametric time-series to address complex phenomena such as gas and seismic energy release at the seafloor. Results from the SN-4 experiment in the Sea of Marmara suggest that neither low-magnitude local seismicity, nor regional events affect intensity and frequency of gas flows from the seafloor.
    Description: Published
    Description: 850-866
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 3A. Ambiente Marino
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Time-series analysis ; Seismicity and tectonics ; Broad-band seismometers ; multiparametric seafloor observatory ; Izmit Gulf ; Sea of Marmara ; gas seepage ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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