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  • 551  (805)
  • Earth Resources and Remote Sensing  (629)
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  • 2015-2019  (904)
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  • 2015-2019  (904)
  • 2010-2014  (763)
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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Univ. Stuttgart
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In this work the dune model introduced by Sauermann et al. (2001) is extended and applied to investigate the formation of different dune shapes on Mars and on Earth as function of wind directionality and sand availability. The formation of sand dunes on Mars under the present atmospheric conditions of the red planet is studied and conclusions about wind speed, migration velocity of dunes and changing wind regimes on Mars are presented. Field measurements of the shape of coastal transverse dunes are presented and the formation of coastal dune fields is explained. Finally, the formation of linear dunes by bimodal wind regimes is calculated. The simulations explain the appearance of exotic bimodal dune shapes in areas of low sand availability on Mars and on Earth.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; 551 ; 550 ; TGG 545 ; VAN 100 ; Marsoberfläche {Astronomie} ; Abspülung {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 171 S.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die geologische Entwicklung der Vorerzgebirgs-Senke war bereits mehrfach Gegenstand geowissenschaftlicher Arbeiten. Darauf aufbauend war es möglich, unter erstmaliger Verwendung von computergenerierten 3D-Modellen, die Kenntnisse über die Vorerzgebirgs-Senke unter Einbindung neuer Gesichtspunkte zu erweitern.Auf der Basis der vom Autor entwickelten geologisch-tektonischen 3D-Modellen der Steinkohlenreviere von Zwickau einschließlich des Mülsenfeldes sowie Lugau/Oelsnitz und unter Berücksichtigung der Ergebnisse neuerer Kartierungen und Untersuchungen in diesen Gebieten, werden Vorstellungen zur möglichen geologischen Entwicklung der Vorerzgebirgs-Senke dargelegt. Dabei wird ein vollständiges Bild der Beckenentwicklung, beginnend ab Westfal B/C (Flöha-Becken) bis rezent für den Senkungsraum dargestellt.Insgesamt flossen in die Auswertung 27 Flözverbreitungskarten (M. 1:5.000) der ehemaligen Steinkohlenreviere, 121 Schachtprofile, 139 Bohrungen (〉100 m) und ca. 50 geologischtektonische Profilschnitte unterschiedlicher Orientierung ein. Weiterhin konnten die Ergebnisse der Revisionskartierungen der Meßtischblätter Zwickau, Zwickau-Ost, Wilkau-Haslau und Planitz mit in die Analyse und Modellierung eingebunden werden ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VBQ 900 ; VEB 128 ; Hydrogeologie einzelner Regionen ; Saxothuringikum {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 138 S.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Marine snow, underwater cameras, particle flux, aggregation, suspended particulate matter, particle transport. - This study focusses on the vertical distribution and transportation pathways of marine particles off NW-Africa with aid of optical methodologies. A profiling camera system and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) was used for in-situ observations on the distribution, transport processes and sinking behaviour of marine particulate matter. Between the regional areas of investigation Cape Blanc, Dakhla and Cape Bojador significant differences could be observed with respect to distribution and transportation patterns. These differences are primarily related to the different primary production conditions between the investigation areas. Primary production is the most important factor for the abundance of particulate matter, where highest particle concentrations in the entire water column were seen off Cape Blanc. Next to primary production, water depth, currents and density gradients are factors influencing the particle distribution patterns. With respect to the prevailing transport processes, the Cape Blanc region is characterised by vertically orientated transport patterns. In addition to the continuous supply of large, relatively fast sinking particle aggregates a sinking event could be documented for the first time in-situ in the water column. These events deliver huge amounts of particulate matter from the ocean surface ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Madagascar; Jurassic; Karoo; Gondwana; Breakup; Rift; Microfauna; Macrofauna; Ammonites; Indian Ocean. - The breakup of Gondwana along the former East African Orogen is widely interpreted to have lasted from the Late Palaeozoic to the Callovian. The present study indicates that the Permian-Triassic or Karoo phase of rifting was not responsible for the separation of East- and West-Gondwana, since that rift system failed in the Late Triassic. Instead the breakup of Gondwana occurred in the Late Liassic. The pre-rift phase in the Morondava Basin is represented by the Karoo deposits, and the syn-rift phase is recorded by Toarcian marine shales, locally overlain by Aalenian sandstones. A major Early Bajocian unconformity is interpreted as the breakup unconformity. The initial post-rift or drift phase is represented by the Bajocian-Bathonian carbonates, marls and sandstones of coastal plain environment and a coastal barrier/lagoon complex. During the Bathonian the siliciclastic shoreface system moved basinward. Callovian-Early Kimmeridgian shales with interbedded iron-oolites represent ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 500 ; VDB 100 ; VEQ 300 ; Geotektonische Entwicklung der Erdkruste {Geologie} ; Gondwana ; Madagaskar {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurden aus dem alpinen Paläozoikum im Westabschnitt der Nördlichen Grauwackenzone schwachgradig metamorphe klastische Sedimentgesteine untersucht. Anhand der Sedimentpetrographie sowie der chemischen Analyse und 40Ar/39Ar-Datierung enthaltener detritischer Hellglimmer war die Provenienz des klastischen Detritus abzuleiten. Alle drei Untersuchungsmethoden erbrachten unabhängig voneinander ähnliche Aussagen zum Aufbau des Liefergebiets der klastischen Sedimentgesteine. Damit konnten die paläozoische Entwicklung der Nördlichen Grauwackenzone detaillierter entschlüsselt und bisher noch offene Fragen beantwortet werden.Die klastischen Abfolgen der Nördlichen Grauwackenzone können mehr als 2000 m Mächtigkeit erreichen. Ihre Sedimentation umfasst den Zeitraum vom Ordovizium bis in das Karbon. Anhand der Untersuchungen zur Petrographie erwiesen sich die untersuchten Sandsteine als quarzbetonte Grauwacken oder Subgrauwacken. Ihr Matrixanteil ist hoch, Quarz überwiegt deutlich gegenüber Feldspat- und Gesteinsklasten. Der überwiegende Teil der Modalanalysen zeigt für das klastische Material die Herkunft aus einem kontinentalen Bereich ("Continental Block Provenance"). Nur wenige Proben aus den stratigraphisch jüngsten Bereichen der klastischen Abfolgen belegen die Herkunft ihres Detritus aus einem in Abtragung befindlichen Orogen ("Recycled Orogen Provenance").
    Description: Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VEB 162 ; VEB 162 ; Nördliche Ostalpen {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VBQ 900 ; VBQ 800 ; VEO 170 ; Hydrogeologie einzelner Regionen ; Aquifere {Hydrogeologie} ; Sudan {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 133 S.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 910 ; 551 ; VBQ 900 ; VEB 213 ; VJC 110 ; Hydrogeologie einzelner Regionen ; Brandenburg, Sachsen-Anhalt & Mecklenburg-Vorpommern {Geologie} ; Geochemie des Grundwassers, Porenwassers
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VOO 000 ; VAJ 400 ; Bodenerosion ; Abtragung durch Erosion {Geologie}
    Language: Spanish
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 359 S.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VQC 000 ; VRA 110 ; VTG 000 ; Lagerstättengenese ; Eisenerz {Lagerstättenkunde} ; Osteuropa und Asiatische Teile der ehemaligen Sowjetrepubliken {Rohstoffgeologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAQ 990 ; Meereis {Glaziologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VGA 420 ; Optische Methoden {Mineralogie: Kristallographie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In the unglaciated areas of Antarctica, lake sediments act as archives of the regional environmental and climatic history. In most cases, the records are restricted to the Holocene. Amongst the few exceptions are lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, southern Victoria Land, which are known to have remained mostly ice-free during the Last Glacial Maximum. Within the scope of an U.S.-American-German expedition in austral summer 2002/2003, several sediment cores were recovered from the three major lakes in the Taylor Valley: lakes Fryxell, Hoare, and Bonney. In order to reconstruct the late Quaternary regional environmental and climate history, sedimentological, biogeochemical, mineralogical, and chronological investigations were conducted on the sediment sequences recovered from Lake Hoare (core Lz1020) and East Lake Bonney (core Lz1023) within the scope of this thesis. Sediment cores from Lake Hoare with a maximum length of 2.3 m mainly consist of coarse-grained material and penetrate back into the late Weichselian, when Taylor Valley was occupied by the large proglacial Lake Washburn. This lake was dammed by the advanced Ross Sea ice sheet at the valley outlet and was mainly fed by meltwater of the ice sheet. During the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, enhanced evaporation led to a significant lake level drop of Lake Washburn ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; 550 ; TWC 500 ; VDI 200 ; VAU 000 ; VEY 200 ; VBN 500 ; VBL 500 ; Klimaschwankungen und Klimaänderungen im Quartär ; Quartär ; Paläolimnologie {Geologie} ; Antarktis {Geologie} ; Geochronologie einzelner Regionen im allgemeinen ; Geologische Bohrungen in einzelnen Regionen
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 121 S.
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Eleven lakes and ponds and three lacustrine sediment sequences from coastal East and North-East Greenland were studied for recent hydrological and phytoplankton characteristics and for palaeolimnology, respectively. The limnological survey of lakes and ponds from Store Koldewey in summer 2003 revealed cold, monomictic, thermally unstratified, alkaline and likely oligotrophic water bodies. The diatom phytoplankton, present in six lakes and dominated by four species, varied distinctly between the lakes. The results give information about the recent status of the ecology of these High Arctic freshwater bodies. The sediment sequences were investigated for their chronology, changes in physical and biogeochemical properties, macro- and microfossils, grain-size distribution and in the case of one sequence for its elemental profiles using XRF. The palaeolimnological studies address different time intervals at various temporal resolutions with particular attention to the latitudinal differences of late Quaternary climatic and environmental changes along the coast of East and North-East Greenland. The results include information about the Late Weichselian ice-front environments on southern Store Koldewey with information about the temporal and spatial evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet margin west of the island ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; 550 ; TWC 500 ; VDI 200 ; VAU 000 ; VEY 110 ; VBN 500 ; VBL 500 ; Klimaschwankungen und Klimaänderungen im Quartär ; Quartär ; Paläolimnologie {Geologie} ; Grönland {Geologie} ; Geochronologie einzelner Regionen im allgemeinen ; Geologische Bohrungen in einzelnen Regionen
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 148 S.
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die mio-pliozänen Ablagerungen im NNW SSE streichenden Monastir-Florina-Ptolemais-Kozani/Servia-Graben beherbergen das größte zusammenhängende Braunkohlevorkommen in Bereich des Balkans. Das Becken erstreckt sich von Monastir (F.Y.R.O.M.) im Norden bis hin zur Region von Elassona im Süden (Makedonien/GR). Es umfasst eine Gesamtfläche von ca. 120 kmø. Mittlerweile werden ca. 71 % des elektrischen Energiebedarfs der Hauptstadt Athen durch die Energiegewinnung aus dem MFPK/S-G gedeckt. Diese rhythmisch entwickelten Lignitvorkommen zeigen, neben den bedeutenden wirtschaftlichen Aspekten, ein großes Potential für eine Paläoklima-Analyse des nordöstlichen mediterranen Raums. Das Neogen zeigt einen multiplen Wechsel von Kalt- und Warmzeiten mit vereinzelt deutlich höheren Temperaturen als heute an (Bradley, 1999). Die Ursachen hierfür können u.a. auf Variationen der Erdbahnparameter zurückgeführt werden, welche Schwankungen in der Insolation verursachen und somit das atmosphärisch-ozeanische System steuern. Zeitreihenanalysen belegten bereits in den 70er bis späten 90er Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts diese Variationen innerhalb mariner (Hays et al., 1976; Imbrie & Imbrie, 1980) und kontinentaler Ablagerungen (Santarelli et al., 1988, van Vugt et al., 1998. Die Ursachen und Steuerungsprozesse dieser Variationen sind von Milankovitch (1920, 1930, 1941) eingehenst diskutiert worden ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.69 ; 551 ; 550 ; TSF 300 ; TOT 310 ; VEF 300 ; VKB 372 ; VKB 376 ; VKB 326 ; VDI 110 ; Griechenland und griechische Inseln {Geophysik} ; Gesteinsmagnetismus {Geophysik} ; Griechenland und griechische Inseln {Geologie} ; Karbonatische Sedimentgesteine ; Organogene Sedimentgesteine ; Magnetische Stratigraphie {Sedimentologie} ; Paläogen
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 131 S.
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The polar ice sheets are unique paleoclimatic archives and play an important role in recent and future climate. The melting of the big freshwater reservoirs will not only increase the global sea level, but will also influence the ocean currents. Therefore, it will be of particular interest to improve the currently available numeric climate models to achieve more accurate statements about climatic change and its consequences. In this work, the evaluation and the different applications of GPS and altimetry data will be described in respect to enhance models. The antarctic area of investigation, Dronning Maud Land (DML), is of particular interest for German polar research, because both the overwintering station Neumayer and the summer station Kohnen are located within it. In the surroundings of these two stations, highly accurate kinematic GPS measurement were made, which will be the basis for the digital elevation model presented here. Because these data are spatially limited, they are supplemened with remotely sensed data. For this purpose, two airborne altimetry data sets and spaceborne laser altimetry data of the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) are used...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.312 ; 551 ; 550 ; TWC 600 ; VAR 980 ; TQI 000 ; TSY 200 ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung ; Antarktis {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 140 S.
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Im Jahre 2002 fiel bei strukturgeologischen Kartierungen zur Untersuchung der rezenten Tektonik des Rheinischen Schiefergebirges erstmalig eine auffällige lineare Anordnung von Nestern Hügel bauender Waldameisen entlang von geologischen Störungszonen auf. Stichprobenartige Untersuchungen anderer, kleinräumiger Gebiete in Mitteleuropa führten zu ähnlichen Beobachtungen. In den meisten Gebieten fanden sich aktive Störungszonen an oder in der Nähe der Ameisennester. Diese, zunächst nur oberflächlichen Beobachtungen führten zu der Hypothese, dass das Auftreten von Nestern Hügel bauender Waldameisen an aktive, gaspermeable geologische Störungszonen gebunden sein könnte. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es eine empirische Überprüfung dieser Hypothese vorzunehmen. Hierzu wurde von April 2005 bis Mai 2007 erstmalig ein größeres zusammenhängendes, komplexes tektonisches Gebiet im Hunsrück (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge), in dem sowohl Bereiche mit rezenten Störungen als auch Bereiche ohne solche auftreten, im Hinblick auf die Waldameisenbesiedlung flächendeckend untersucht...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.8 ; 595.796 ; 551 ; 550 ; TM 600 ; V 600 ; VAE 150 ; Grenzgebiete. Beziehungen. Einflüsse. Wirkungen {Geophysik} ; Grenzgebiete. Beziehungen. Wirkungen. Einflüsse {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; Strukturelle Erscheinungen {Strukturgeologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 242 S.
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Verknüpfung von manuellen und automatischen Inversionmethoden für die Interpretation gravimetrischer Anomalien. Eine neue Software mit dem Namen 3GRAINS wird vorgestellt. Sie wurde für das manuelle Modellieren entwickelt und benutzt rechteckförmige Prismen zur Berechnung des gravimetrischen Effekts eines Modells. Die Software bietet eine graphische Benutzeroberfläche, um eine komfortable Arbeit mit einer modellierten Struktur zu ermöglichen. Ein automatischer Inversionsalgorithmus basiert auf der Idee der evolutionären Berechnung. Die dargestellten Methoden werden auf die Interpretation der gravimetrischen Anomalien der Hellenischen Subduktionszone angewendet. Die tektonische Situation dieser Region und seismische Beobachtungen werden vorgestellt. Der Prozess der Datengewinnung und der Datenbearbeitung wird beschrieben. Schließlich werden die Ergebnisse der Interpretation der gravimetrischen Anomalien präsentiert.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; 622.15 ; 550 ; TOF 000 ; TQA 000 ; TSF 300 ; VAE 880 ; VEF 300 ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik} ; Gravimetrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Griechenland und griechische Inseln {Geophysik} ; Passive und aktive Kontinentalränder {Geologie} ; Griechenland und griechische Inseln {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 139 S.
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Central Asia is characterized by a number of spectacular tectonic units such as the Tibetan Plateau, the Tien Shan intra-continental mountain belt and the Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault. Deformation of the lithosphere of these units is not well understood. In this dissertation, an attempt is made to answer the following tectonic questions: To what extent do the tectonic units formed in the upper crust in the course of the convergence between India and Eurasia weaken the underlying lithosphere? How is the Tibetan Plateau gravita-tionally compensated along its northern boundary? Do the Altyn Tagh and/or West Kunlun faults persist as vertical strike-slips throughout the crust and mantle lithosphere, thus representing a fundamental plate boundary? Which dynamic processes in the crust and mantle of the Tien Shan are responsible for intra-continental mountain building? What characterizes the local stress field in the Tien Shan and what causes the deformation of these mountains? To answer these questions, the elastic plate theory is used to interpret gravity and topography data, and in turn to derive specific characteristics of the lithospheric structure in Central Asia. Theoretical deflection of the elastic plate or plates were calculated using the 3D and 2D finite-difference methods. Variable-rigidity elastic plates are subjected to vertical and horizontal loads, shear forces, and terminal bending moments. Surface topo-graphic data from the Topo30 dataset is used as vertical surface loading to calculate the flexure of the elastic lithosphere...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.8 ; 622.15 ; 551 ; 550 ; VAE 400 ; VEK 000 ; TQA 000 ; TSK 000 ; VAE 400 ; VEK 000 ; TQA 000 ; TSK 000 ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Zentralasien {Geologie} ; Gravimetrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Zentralasien {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 136 Bl.
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Mit dem Ziel der Rekonstruktion des jungquartären Klimawandels im südlichen Kaokoland (NW-Namibia) und einer daraus resultierend zu erstellenden regionalen Klimastratigraphie wurden sedimentologische und geochronologische Untersuchungen von äolischen Sandablagerungen und fluvial/aquatisch abgelagerten Beckensedimenten durchgeführt. Das Untersuchungsgebiet im nordwestlichen Namibia ist durch ein arides Klima gekennzeichnet, kann aber aufgrund der geologisch bedingten Kleinkammerung seines Reliefs in klimatische Gunst- und Ungunsträume für menschliche Besiedlung gegliedert werden. Die bislang vorliegenden Rekonstruktionen der Klimageschichte dieser Region gehen von einer seit dem Tertiär andauernden Aridität aus. Die quartäre Klimaentwicklung ist durch hygrische Fluktuationen geringer Ausprägung gekennzeichnet. Anhand der sedimentologischen und geochronologischen Ergebnisse wurde eine bis 16 700 Jahre vor heute zurückreichende Stratigraphie erarbeitet, in der Änderungen des Klimas dokumentiert sind. So sind um 8000 und um 4500 Jahre vor heute zwei feuchtere Phasen nachweisbar. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen äolischer Sande belegen für die Folgezeit die seit mindestens 2000 Jahren vor heute andauernde Trockenheit mit ausgeprägter äolischer Dynamik. Die fluvial/aquatische Ablagerung der Beckensedimente endet im südlichen Kaokoland um 15 500 Jahre vor heute. Die nachfolgend einsetzende Phase äolischer Aktivität kann mit dem Aufbau der Wüstenlösse’ im nördlichen Kaokoland korreliert werden. Weiterhin wurde gezeigt, dass die feuchteren Phasen am Namib-Rand nicht die Intensität und Dauer aufweisen, wie sie östlich des Untersuchungsgebietes festgestellt wurden. Nicht zuletzt wird anhand der sedimentologischen Ergebnisse der untersuchten Dünen eine bisher nicht beschriebene Genese von Pseudoechodünen’ aus Sandrampen aufgezeigt.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.79 ; 551
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 176 S.
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; UNC 300 ; Höhe {Praktische Geodäsie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 163 S.
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 890 ; VAE 130 ; VBE 000 ; TOE 000 ; TSX 500 ; VEX 500 ; Ozeanische Kruste {Tektonik} ; Geomechanik ; Modellierung von Prozessen in der Geosphäre ; Physikalisches Verhalten der Erde {Geophysik} ; Chile {Geophysik} ; Chile {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 118 S.
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  • 22
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TSX 500 ; VEX 100 ; VEX 500 ; VAE 500 ; TOH 800 ; Chile {Geophysik} ; Anden {Geologie} ; Chile {Geologie} ; Geotektonische Entwicklung der Erdkruste {Geologie} ; Paläoerdbeben {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 108 S.
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  • 23
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Ein transversales Störungssystem im Nahen Osten, die Dead Sea Transform (DST), trennt die Arabische Platte von der Sinai-Mikroplatte und erstreckt sich von Süden nach Norden vom Extensionsgebiet im Roten Meer über das Tote Meer bis zur Taurus-Zagros Kollisionszone. Die sinistrale DST bildete sich im Miozän vor etwa 17 Ma und steht mit dem Aufbrechen des Afro-Arabischen Kontinents in Verbindung. Das Untersuchungsgebiet liegt im Arava Tal zwischen Totem und Rotem Meer, mittig über der Arava Störung (Arava Fault, AF), die hier den Hauptast der DST bildet. Eine Reihe seismischer Experimente, aufgebaut aus künstlichen Quellen, linearen Profilen über die Störung und entsprechend entworfenen Empfänger-Arrays, zeigt die Untergrundstruktur in der Umgebung der AF und der Verwerfungszone selbst bis in eine Tiefe von 3-4 km. Ein tomographisch bestimmtes Modell der seismischen Geschwindigkeiten von P-Wellen zeigt einen starken Kontrast nahe der AF mit niedrigeren Geschwindigkeiten auf der westlichen Seite als im Osten. Scherwellen lokaler Erdbeben liefern ein mittleres P-zu-S Geschwindigkeitsverhältnis und es gibt Anzeichen für Änderungen über die Störung hinweg ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 850 ; TQC 220 ; TSI 000 ; VEI 400 ; Festländische Lineamente {Geologie} ; Reflexionsseismik {Geophysik} ; Vorderasien {Geophysik} ; Israel, Palästina {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 142 S.
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  • 24
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 145 S.
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TQG 000 ; TOO 000 ; TOD 410 ; TSV 200 ; TSZ 300 ; Geophysikalische Bohrlochmessungen ; Geothermik {Geophysik} ; Oberer Erdmantel {Geophysik} ; USA {Geophysik} ; Pazifischer Ozean {Geophysik}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 94 S.
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TQH 000 ; TQA 000 ; TOF 000 ; Aerogeophysik ; Gravimetrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 48 S.
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 116 S.
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 811 ; VEX 100 ; VEX 300 ; Alpidische Orogene {Geologie} ; Anden {Geologie} ; Bolivien und Paraguay {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 128 S.
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 106 S.
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 538.78 ; 551 ; 550
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 102 S.
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TQD 000 ; TSR 000 ; VAE 814 ; VER 200 ; Elektrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Südafrika {Geophysik} ; Präkambrische Orogene {Geologie} ; Namibia {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 133 S.
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 300 ; TOD 500 ; TOF 000 ; TOT 400 ; Polbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde} ; Erdkern {Geophysik} ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik} ; Magnetfeld der Erde im allgemeinen {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 15 S.
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 518.64 ; 551 ; TOD 400 ; TOE 000 ; TM 300 ; Erdmantel {Geophysik} ; Physikalisches Verhalten der Erde {Geophysik} ; Methodik. Arbeitsmittel. Abkürzungsverzeichnisse {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 186 S.
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  • 34
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Potsdam
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOF 000 ; TOB 100 ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik} ; Drehbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 35S.
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: lecture
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 675 S.
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 100 ; Drehbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 8 S.
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 300 ; Polbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 9 S.
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 39 S.
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 28 S.
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; VRG 000 ; ZHB 380 ; Geothermalfelder ; Geothermische Energie {Energietechnik}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 70 S.
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VRG 000 ; Geothermalfelder
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 175 S.
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  • 42
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    GFZ, Potsdam | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 140 ; VAE 820 ; VAE 160 ; VEB 110 ; TSB 000 ; VBM 000 ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie} ; Sedimentationsbecken als Erdkrustentypen {Geologie} ; Salztektonik {Strukturgeologie} ; Norddeutsche Senke {Geologie} ; Mitteleuropa {Geophysik} ; Geologische Interpretation geophysikalischer Beobachtungen
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 105 S.
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TVA 000 ; TVM 800 ; TUB 000 ; Ionosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Struktur der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Atmosphärische Schwerewellen {Meteorologie} ; Beobachtungsergebnisse {Meteorologie}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 96 S.
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  • 44
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.792 ; 551 ; VAU 000 ; TWC 500 ; VKB 380 ; VKB 378 ; VBO 000 ; VEB 167 ; Paläolimnologie {Geologie} ; Klimaschwankungen und Klimaänderungen im Quartär ; Sedimente bestimmter Regionen ; Rhytmite {Sedimentologie} ; Isotopengeologie ; Westalpen {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 91 S.
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  • 45
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The glacial-isostatic adjustment in Iceland resulting from the recent melting of the Vatnajökull ice cap is controlled by the viscosity distribution in the earth's interior and by the details of the melting history. Interpretations of the results of GPS and gravity measuring campaigns in the time interval 1991-2000 and 1992-1999, respectively, by means of laterally homogeneous earth models for the determination of the lithosphere thickness, the asthenosphere thickness and the asthenosphere viscosity have so far been not fully satisfactory. In particular near the ice margin, the fitting of the computed land uplift and gravity change to the observational data was inadequate, which may be related to the neglegt of the Iceland plume in the laterally homogeneous earth models. In the present study, a program package is used for the modelling of the land uplift and gravity change that allows the computation of load-induced perturbations of a Maxwell-viscoelastic, incompressible, self-gravitating, spherical earth model. To simulate the presence of the plume below the Vatnajökull, an axisymmetric viscosity distribution is used, where the plume radius and the plume viscosity are free parameters. Based on seismic results, a 6-km-thick lithosphere is assumed above the plume, which thickens to 35 km in the peripheral region of the plume. The melting history of the Vatnajökull is founded on interpretations of geomorphological and climatological investigations and is simulated by a load co-axial with the plume with parabolic profile and time-dependent radius. The results of the modelling favour a plume radius of ~80 km and a plume viscosity of (0.3-1.0) x 10^{18} Pa s.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 300 ; TQI 000 ; UNH 100 ; Epirogenese {{Geologie}} ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung ; GPS {Praktische Geodäsie}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 28 S.
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 228 S.
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TOH 530 ; VAE 200 ; VAE 130 ; Häufigkeit und Verbreitung von Erdbeben {Geophysik} ; Geodynamik der Lithosphäre {Geologie} ; Geomechanik
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Methode der Böschungsertüchtigung mit Erdbetonstützscheiben ist ein etabliertes Verfahren. In der Vergangenheit entwickelte Bemessungsverfahren für Böschungen mit Stützscheiben konnten sich bis heute nicht durchsetzen. Stattdessen behilft man sich in der Praxis mit einer Art Ersatzverfahren. Mit diesem Verfahren wird die Standsicherheit der Böschung mit Stützscheiben teilweise unzutreffend ermittelt. Dies wird in der Arbeit begründet und anhand von Beispielen verifiziert. Die Tragwirkung der Stützscheiben kann nur durch räumliche numerische Berechnungen ausreichend genau erfasst werden. Es wird eine zwingend erforderliche Typisierung der Stützscheiben bezüglich ihres Tragverhaltens und des Bruchmechanismus durchgeführt. Die erreichbare Stabilisierungswirkung der Stützscheiben hängt wesentlich von der Scheibengeometrie und dem Scheibenabstand ab. In der Arbeit werden für einen Scheibentypen der Versagensmechanismus, das Tragverhalten sowie deren Einflüsse ausführlich analysiert und anschließend ein Bemessungsverfahren hergeleitet. Für weitere Scheibentypen werden Vorschläge für mögliche Bemessungsverfahren angegeben.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 624.15 ; 551 ; 550
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 292 S.
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde mittels sedimentologischer, petrographischer und geochemischer Methoden die ozeanographische Entwicklung der frühen Paratethys hin zu einem Randmeer während des Eozän/Oligozän-Übergangs rekonstruiert. Als Probenmaterial dienten Sedimentabfolgen aus fünf ausgewählten Bohrungen im ober-österreichischen Molassebecken. Die Lage der Bohrungen entspricht einem Transekt über den nördlichen Beckenbereich. Die Sedimente werden als Schöneck-Formation, Dynow Mergelstein sowie Eggerding-Formation bezeichnet. Die Schöneck-Formation beinhaltet stratigraphisch die Eozän/ Oligozän-Grenze. Die Paratethys durchlief während des jüngsten Eozäns und ältesten Oligozäns die erste Phase einer weitestgehend von der Tethys abgekoppelten Randmeerentwicklung...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VRE 600 ; VCB 000 ; VAE 500 ; Mutter- und Speichergesteine ; Paläogeographie ; Geotektonische Entwicklung der Erdkruste {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
    Format: 161 S.
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Virtuelle Fachbibliothek GEO-LEO ermöglicht seit diesem September Wissenschaftlern die gleichzeitige Recherche in über 50 Dokumentenservern im In- und Ausland . Damit setzt GEO-LEO die Open-Access-Prinzipien für Geo- und Montanwissenschaftler vollständig um. Bereits seit Anfang des Jahres bietet die Virtuelle Fachbibliothek mit ihrer Publikationsplattform GEO-LEOe-docs Wissenschaftlern die Möglichkeit ihre Arbeitsergebnisse und Publikationen direkt im Internet zugänglich zu machen. Als sogenannter Data-Provider stellt GEO-LEO die Metadaten der aufgenommenen Dokumente anschließend über die standardisierte OAI-PMH-Schnittstelle zur Verfügung um die weltweite Zugänglichkeit der Dokumente wesentlich zu verbessern. Als Service-Provider erlaubt GEO-LEO nun auch die simultane Recherche und den direkten Zugang zu etwa 24.000 Volltexten auf weltweit verteilten Dokumentenservern. GEO-LEO, die von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderte Virtuelle Fachbibliothek Geowissenschaften, Bergbau, Geographie, Thematische Karten, macht als Metasuchmaschine viele für Geo- und Montanwissenschaftler wichtige Informationsressourcen über ein zentrales Fachportal auffindbar. Das Internetangebot der Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen (SUB Göttingen) und der Universitätsbibliothek „Georgius Agricola“ der Technischen Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (UB Freiberg) bündelt dabei den Nachweis und Zugriff auf geowissenschaftliche Informationsressourcen, um Wissenschaftlern, Studenten und der interessierten Öffentlichkeit die Recherche nach relevanten Informationen zu erleichtern. Neben den digitalen und analogen Beständen der beiden Sondersammelgebietsbibliotheken UB Freiberg und SUB Göttingen stehen Kataloge und Datenbanken weiterer geowissenschaftlich relevanter Institutionen zur Verfügung. Derzeit weist GEO-LEO etwa 6 Millionen Informationsressourcen nach. Regelmäßig kommen weitere Datenbanken und Kataloge hinzu, die das Angebot weiter vergrößern. Mit der Publikationsplattform GEO-LEOe-docs und der integrierten Suche über verschiedenste Dokumentenserver wird der Zugang zu Volltexten erheblich verbessert und die Virtuelle Fachbibliothek für ihre Nutzer noch attraktiver.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; V 200 ; Geowissenschaften ; Virtuelle Bibliothek ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -Pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; 38.04
    Language: German
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Durchführung und Auswertung hydraulischer Pumversuche sind Standartaufgaben der Hydrogeologie bzw. Grundwasserhydraulik. Trotz des reichhaltigen Angebots an Fachschrifttum bestehen beim praktischen Einsatz, der Durchführung und Auswertung von Pumpversuchen erhebliche Defizite. Dies ist darauf zurückzuführen, daß einerseits die meisten Bearbeiter nur gelegentlich mit diesen Arbeiten befasst sind, andererseits das Fachschrifttum nur unzureichende Angaben zu 〉〉rein handwerklichen〈〈 Aspekten macht. Aus diesem Grunde ist der Herausgeber in der ersten Schrift dieser Reihe (GILLBRICHT, 1996) auf eine Reihe von typischen Bearbeitungsfehlern und Möglichkeiten zu ihrer Vermeidung eingegegangen. In dieser Nachfolgeschrift sollen weitere Hinweise für die praktische Durchführung und Auswertung von Pumpversuchen, insbesondere im Licht neuerer Entwicklungen, gegeben werden, sowie an Hand von Beispielen die Vorgehensweise näher erläutert werden. Alle verwendeten Beispiele stammen aus Lockergesteinsgrundwasserleitern der norddeutschen Tiefebene, überwiegend aus dem Großraum Hamburg.
    Description: manual
    Keywords: 551 ; VBQ 100 ; Methodik, Untersuchungsverfahren und Instrumente {Hydrogeologie} ; Pumpversuch ; 38.86
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , anthologyArticle
    Format: 87
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  • 53
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    Dteutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, Hannover
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Nördlinger Ries is a circular, flat depression of 22-24 km diameter separating the Jurassic limestone plateaus of the Franconian and Swabian Alb in Southwest-Germany. Its centre is located 110 km NW of Munich, 70 km SSW of Nuremberg and 110 km E of Stuttgart. The Ries basin was formed approximately 15 Million years ago (Gentner & Wagner, 1969; Staudacher et al., 1982) by an impact of a stony meteorite less than 1 km in size (Shoemaker & Chao, 1961; Stöffler, 1977). The Ries crater represents one of the best preserved and best investigated impact structures on Earth (Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt 1969, 1974, 1977; Hüttner & Schmidt-Kaler 1999; Stöffler & Ostertag 1983). It gained wide public attention (e.g., Metz 1974, Steinert 1974, Lemcke 1981, Kavasch 1985, Pösges & Schieber 1994; Schieber 2004) and served as training site for Apollo 17 astronauts in August 1970 (e.g., Margolin 2000). However, apart from its impact nature, the Ries basin offers a great opportunity to study fossil lacustrine microbialites. Such lacustrine deposits within impact structures are of increasing interest for understanding the origin and evolution of early life on Earth, and possibly other planets (Cockell & Lee 2002, Osinski et al. 2005, Cabrol et al. 2001). Therefore, the focus on this field trip is on microbial and algal build-ups, their facies context, and the discussion of microbial effects and lake water chemistry.
    Description: excursionguide
    Keywords: 551 ; VKB 380 ; VEB 147 ; VDI 121 ; VKB 376 ; VAE 150 ; Sedimente bestimmter Regionen ; Schwäbische Alb und Fränkische Alb {Geologie} ; Miozän ; Organogene Sedimentgesteine ; Strukturelle Erscheinungen {Strukturgeologie} ; Ries ; Geologie ; Geologie ; Seesediment ; Biogenes Sediment ; 38.44 ; 38.28
    Language: English
    Type: article
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Västervik Region liegt an einer Haupt-Terran-Grenze im Baltischen Schild. Im NE schließen sich die Einheiten des Südsvecofennischen Vulkanitgürtels mit Altern 〉1,85Ga an, im SW folgen die Granitoide des Transskandinavischen Magmatitgürtles (TMZ) mit Altern 〈1,85Ga. Die Metasedimente der Västervik Formation bilden die stratigraphisch älteste Einheit der Västervik Region. Ihre Stellung in Bezug auf die svecofennischen Metasedimente des Bothnischen Beckens ist noch unklar. Sie können nach ihren mineralogischen Paragenesen in vier Gruppen klassifiziert werden: reine Quarzite, glimmerführende Quarzite, Glimmerquarzite und quarzitische Gneise. Vermutlich zeitgleich mit der Intrusion der großvolumigen Granitoidmagmen ab 1.85 Ga wurde die Västervik Formation amphibolitfaziell überprägt. Dies führte innerhalb der Metasedimente zur Bildung von Cordierit, Sillimanit und Andalusit sowie akzessorischem Granat. Der Beginn der Sedimentation ist begrenzt durch das Vorkommen detritischer Zirkone mit Altern ab 1.87Ga. Etwa 75% der gemessenen detritische Zirkone zeigt eine Altersgruppierung von 1,8 bis 2,1 Ga, die restlichen 25% zeigen archaische U/Pb-Alter von 2,8 bis 3,0 Ga (Claesson et al. 1993, Sultan et al. 2005). Die Nd-Isotopensignaturen der Proben zeigen eine sehr homogene Mischung und Schüttung der Sedimente mit subparallelem Verlauf der Nd- Entwicklungslinien und einem sehr engen TDM (Nd) Altersspektrum von 2,2 bis 2,4Ga. Diese Ergebnisse deuten auf ein konstantes Mischungsverhältnis von proterozoischen und archaischen Anteilen hin...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VBO 000 ; VBN 500 ; VKB 292 ; VKB 250 ; VJJ 110 ; VJB 312 ; VED 200 ; VEG 110 ; Isotopengeologie ; Geochronologie einzelner Regionen im allgemeinen ; Metamorphe Komplexe, übriges Europa {Petrologie} ; Metasedimente {Petrologie} ; Geochemie der Stabilen Isotopen ; Geochemie der Metamorphite ; Schweden {Geologie} ; Europäische Plattform {Geologie} ; Svekofenniden ; Västervik 〈Region〉 ; Proterozoikum ; Metasediment ; Samarium ; Neodym ; Isotopengeochemie
    Language: German
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The synformal geometry of the 1.85Ga Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC), an impact melt sheet resulting from largemagnitude meteorite impact, attests to post-impact deformation. However, in contrast to the overlying Onaping Formation, a heterolithic impact melt breccia, the SIC shows little evidence for pervasive ductile strain. This pertains in particular to its NE-lobe characterized by a curvature of about 100° in plain view. This curvature has been interpreted either as a fold or as a primary feature. In order to test these scenarios, a detailed structural analysis was conducted in the core of the NE-lobe, which consists of rocks of the Onaping Formation...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VKB 280 ; VKB 295 ; VAE 140 ; VEV 127 ; VKA 200 ; Impaktgesteine {Petrologie} ; Metamorphe Komplexe, Nordamerika {Petrologie} ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie} ; Ontario {Geologie} ; Gefügekunde der Gesteine ; Sudbury 〈Ontario. Region〉 ; Mehrfachringbassin ; Proterozoikum ; Impaktmetamorphes Gestein ; Deformation 〈Geologie〉
    Language: German
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Seit dem Mesozoikum wächst die kontinentale Kruste am aktiven Plattenrand von Kamtschatka durch Akkretion allochthoner Terrane. Dieses Wachstum manifestiert sich in der differenziellen Exhumierung und Hebung tektonischer Blöcke innerhalb des Akkretionskeils, parallel zum Kamtschatka- Graben. Die Kinematik der Exhumierung soll mittels strukturgeologischer und neotektonischer Deformationsanalyse erfasst und mit thermochronologischen Untersuchungen an Apatiten bis etwa ins Untere Pliozän quantifiziert werden.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 880 ; VAE 400 ; VBN 500 ; VEG 190 ; Passive und aktive Kontinentalränder {Geologie} ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Geochronologie einzelner Regionen im allgemeinen ; Koriakia-Kamtchatkasystem {Geologie} ; Kamtschatka 〈Oblast〉 ; Kontinentalrand ; Deformation 〈Geologie〉 ; Hebung 〈Geologie〉
    Language: German
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Grenze zwischen zwei ophiolithischen Decken der penninischen Alpen, der Zermatt-Saas-Zone (unten) und der Combinzone (oben), markiert zugleich einen bedeutenden Sprung der bei der tertiären alpinen Metamorphose maximal erreichten Drücke. Während die Zermatt-Saas-Zone Ultrahochdruckmetamorphose (25–30 kbar/550–600°C, Bucher et al. 2005) erfuhr, erreichte die Combinzone lediglich blauschieferfazielle Bedingungen (13–18 kbar/380– 550°C, Bousquet et al. 2004). Vor allem die Polarität des Drucksprunges führte dazu, daß die Deckengrenze zumeist als gewaltige südostvergente Abschiebung interpretiert wurde (z.B. Ballèvre & Merle 1993, Reddy et al. 1999). Strukturgeologische Geländebeobachtungen ergeben jedoch sowohl für das Hangende als auch das Liegende der Combinstörung die folgende kinematische Entwicklung: i) Nordwestvergente, überschiebende Scherung (D1), ii) (Süd)westvergente Scherung (D2),iii) Südostvergente, abschiebende Scherung (D3). Alle drei Deformationsphasen fanden in beiden Einheiten unter grünschieferfaziellen Bedingungen statt... Die Rekonstruktion ergibt, daß die Combinstörung hauptsächlich als Überschiebung aktiv war. Die Exhumierung der Gesteinseinheiten im Liegenden wurde nicht durch Extension, sondern durch vertikale Ausdünnung der Kruste während horizontaler Kontraktion bewirkt.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 811 ; VAE 400 ; VEB 168 ; VAE 140 ; Alpidische Orogene {Geologie} ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Schweizer Alpen {Geologie} ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie} ; Penninikum ; Tektonische Decke ; Scherzone ; Deformation 〈Geologie〉 ; Hebung 〈Geologie〉
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Analytical modelling of geological fractures is now at an exciting stage. In view of the ever-mounting amount of fracture data available, and the need for a European overview of the state of the art, we correlate fractures from across the continent. In order to achieve relevant and meaningful statistics, the dataset of millions of entries was downsampled to filter out inadequate and irrelevant values. The resulting data are the object of this study...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VEA 000 ; VAE 150 ; VAE 830 ; Europa insgesamt {Geologie} ; Strukturelle Erscheinungen {Strukturgeologie} ; Bruchschollenstrukturen {Geologie} ; Europa ; Bruchtektonik
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Piton de la Fournaise (Réunion Island) is an active basaltic shield volcano in the south-western part of the Indian Ocean. The activity consists essentially of lava being issued from two rift zones close to the summit cone. The summit cone has been monitored since 1980 by the OVPF (Volcanological Observatory of Piton de la Fournaise). Geodetic data and radar interferometry show a systematic asymmetric pattern of deformation associated with all the N–S trending eruptive fissures (Briole et al. 1998, Sigmundsson et al. 1999). The asymmetric deformation has been interpreted in various ways. The two main models proposed are (1) eastward dip of the dykes, based on inversion of data provided by radar interferometry (Sigmundsson et al 1999), and (2) the existence of a free boundary in the east part of the volcano. The second model allows the accommodation of dykes by eastward displacements, whilst the western part of the volcano is supported by the existing Piton des Neiges (Lénat et al., 1989). However,no displacements occur along the eastern coastline of Piton de la Fournaise. The only parts of the volcano affected by deformation are the rift zones and the summit cone. Moreover, geodetic data provided by the new real-time GPS network show that there is an asymmetric deformation of the summit cone prior to eruption (Staudacher 2005). The deformation itself seems to be related to pressure increase in the magma chamber. Absence of permanent displacements during periods of rest (such as 1992–1998) (Briole et al. 1998) support this link between magmatic pressure and deformation. Here we complement previous deformation studies by the results of several numerical models that aim at understanding the internal processes resulting in deformation of the volcano...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAD 700 ; VAD 300 ; VAE 200 ; VEZ 200 ; Regionaler Vulkanismus {Geologie} ; Vulkanformen und Vulkantypen {Geologie} ; Geodynamik der Lithosphäre {Geologie} ; Indischer Ozean {Geologie} ; Piton de la Fournaise ; Schildvulkan ; Deformation 〈Geologie〉
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Impact of solid bodies is the most fundamental of all processes that have taken place on the terrestrial planets in our Solar system (Shoemaker 1977). On Earth, impact cratering was the dominant geologic process during the period of the early heavy bombardment until 3.8Ga. A constant asteroid impact flux exists since that time. Although deformation of the crust by meteorite impacts is now subordinate with respect to tectonics, it represents an important, but often underestimated fraction of the bulk crustal deformation. Short-term deformation during hypervelocity impact events differs in many respects from standard tectonics: Unique conditions exist at pressures above the so-called Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) of a particular mineral or rock. This state of compression is reached in a shock wave that propagates from the point of impact. Shock waves travel at supersonic velocity, heat and irreversibly deform the rock, and cause a residual motion of the material they have passed, which ultimately leads to the formation of parabolically shaped crater cavity of much larger extent than the projectile diameter. At pressure above the HEL minerals are subjected to shock metamorphism...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VKB 280 ; Impaktgesteine {Petrologie} ; Sandstein ; Impaktmetamorphose
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Microscopic study is an indispensable step in the determination of the petrographic characteristics of rocks. In Cameroon just like in most developing countries, simple polarizing microscopes of the 20th Century constitute the only available material for macroscopic studies. A major difficulty encountered in the use of these instruments resides in the realisation of photographs of the different parts of the thin section that require illustrations. The technique that has been used upto now has been inefficient and unsatisfactory. Faced with this recurrent situation, we thought of setting up a new, semi-modern, practical and very economical technique for photographing the thin section.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 120 ; VGB 400 ; VKA 130 ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Optische Bestimmungsmethoden {Mineralogie} ; Optische Petrographie ; Dünnschliffmikroskopie ; Mikrofotographie
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Intense seismicity and intensely developed active and ancient fault systems are common to the Aegean Region. Extending/ thinning crust involves a complex interplay of (1) Gulf of Corinth riftexpansion, (2) west- and south-ward retreat of the Hellenic Trench, (3) westward impingement of the Anatolian Platen, and/or (4) propagation of the Anatolian Fault system into the Aegean. New geological/structural investigations on Kea (also known as Tzia), in the Western Cyclades reveal a low angle crustal-scale, detachment-type ductile shear zone probably formed during Miocene extension and thinning of the continental crust...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VEF 300 ; VAE 130 ; VKB 270 ; VAE 400 ; Griechenland und griechische Inseln {Geologie} ; Geomechanik ; Produkte mechanischer Deformation {Petrologie} ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Kea ; Erdkruste ; Extension 〈Geologie〉 ; Scherzone
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Gruppen von parallel einfallenden Abschiebungen treten in der Natur sehr häufig und in unterschiedlichsten Dimensionen auf. Existierende, überwiegend experimentelle Arbeiten führen einheitliches Einfallen auf laterale Festigkeitsschwankungen oder, vor allem, auf horizontale Scherspannungen zurück (e.g. Brun et al. 1994, Behn et al. 2002). Einheitliche horizontale Scherspannungen im großen Maßstab werden mit einer konsistenten Fließrichtung in der mittleren und/oder unteren Kruste erklärt. Beobachtungen in einigen der bedeutensten Rift-Systeme lassen jedoch beide Erklärungen als zentrale Ursache unwahrscheinlich erscheinen. In der Basin-and-Range-Provinz in den westlichen Vereinigten Staaten ändert sich die Einfallrichtung von parallelen Abschiebungen im Streichen der Störungen, so dass strukturelle Domänen mit intern einheitlicher Einfallrichtung entstehen, die von Blattverschiebungen untereinander getrennt werden. Eine solche Geometrie ließe sich nur mit bizarren Fließmustern in der Unterkruste erklären. Wir präsentieren numerische Extensionsexperimente von sprödem Material, das auf einem linear-viskosen Substrat ruht... In unseren Modell sind parallele Abschiebungen nicht, wie bisher angenommen, auf einheitlichen horizontalen Scherstress, sondern auf vertikale Normalspannungen zurückzuführen, d.h. auf den Widerstand, den das viskose Substrat vertikalen Blockbewegungen in der spröden Lage entgegensetzt. Wenn unser Modell richtig ist, würde das für Gebiete wie die Basin-and- Range-Provinz bedeuten, dass die spröde Oberkruste auf einer wenige Kilometer dicken, viskosen mittleren Kruste liegt, die wiederum ein festeres Substrat hat. Die Unterkruste müsste deutlich fester sein als die mittlere Kruste. Es scheint, dass Folgen von parallelen Abschiebungen häufig in dünnen, niedrig viskosen Lagen (etwa Ton oder Salz) wurzeln.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 830 ; VAE 130 ; VAE 120 ; VBE 000 ; Bruchschollenstrukturen {Geologie} ; Geomechanik ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Modellierung von Prozessen in der Geosphäre ; Bruchscholle ; Abschiebung 〈Geologie〉 ; Geomechanik ; Numerisches Modell
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: There is substantial need in mineral exploration to understand the structural controls on ore deposition for these types of deposits in order to predict the localities of new ones. Application of basic principles of rock mechanics, and numerical simulations of deformation and fluid flow processes provide fundamental insights to Proterozoic hydrothermal mineralization atMount Isa, Australia. The rheology of layered meta-sedimentary rocks, and the orientation and position of these layered rocks relative to major fault systems were the key controls on ore deposition...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VQB 000 ; VQD 200 ; VRA 300 ; VTS 400 ; VQC 000 ; Tektonik von Lagerstätten ; Metamorphe Lagerstätten ; Buntmetalle {Lagerstättenkunde} ; Queensland {Rohstoffgeologie} ; Lagerstättengenese ; Mount-Isa-Gebiet ; Hydrothermale Erzlagerstätte ; Geodynamik ; Metallogenese
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geologisches Institut der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; VU 000 ; Geobiologie
    Language: English
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Most asteroids strike their target at an oblique angle (Pierazzo & Melosh 2000). The common criterion for identifying craters formed by an oblique impact is the pattern of the ejecta blanket. On Earth, however, ejecta blankets are rarely preserved and morphological, structural, geophysical as well as depositional criteria were used to infer an oblique impact (e.g. for Chicxulub, Schultz & D’Hondt 1996, Ries- Steinheim, Stöffler et al. 2003, Mjölnir & Tsikalas 2005). However, the significance of such criteria in predicting impact angle or direction is a matter of debate (c.f. Schultz & Anderson, 1996, Ekholm & Melosh 2001). Particularly, it is not yet known whether there is an influence of the impact angle on the displacement field during the collapse of large transient cavities, and thus, the final crater. For most impact angles, the shape of the final crater is controlled by its size. At a critical diameter (ca. 2–5 km on Earth), simple bowl shaped craters are getting gravitationally unstable and collapse to form complex craters, with a flat floor and a terraced rim (Melosh 1989). During collapse, the crater floor rises to form a central uplift, that may or may not be visible as a central peak, or, when the peak in turn collapses, as a peak ring at yet larger diameters.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 150 ; VAX 000 ; VEV 277 ; Strukturelle Erscheinungen {Strukturgeologie} ; Akkretion extraterrestrischen Materials {Geologie} ; Utah {Geologie} ; Utah 〈Südost〉 ; Impaktstruktur ; Strukturgeologie
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The 1.85 Ga Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) in central Ontario is now widely considered to be the erosional remnant of a deformed paleo-horizontal impact melt sheet, about 2.5 km in thickness. Deformed impact melt breccias of the Onaping Formation and postimpact metasedimentary rocks overlie the layered SIC, which in turn rests on shocked Archean basement and Paleoproterozoic cover rocks. The main mass of the Igneous Complex is subdivided from top to bottom into granophyre, quartz-gabbro and norite layers. Previous workers considered noncylindrical folding and NW-directed reverse faulting as the main structural processes that formed the asymmetric, syn-formal geometry of the SIC apparent in map view and seismic section. Structural studies support this model in the southern part of the impact structure, where greenschist-facies metamorphic tectonites of the South Range Shear Zone (SRSZ) accomplished structural uplift of the southern SIC by NW-directed reverse shearing. However, little evidence for pervasive ductile strain has been reported from the weakly metamorphosed eastern part of the SIC, the East Range, which is characterised by steep basal dips and maximal curvature in plan view. The objective of this study is to assess the structural inventory of the East Range in terms of post-emplacement deformation mechanisms. Our interpretation is based on published and newly acquired structural data. Planar mineral shape fabrics of cumulate plagioclase and pyroxene are developed in the intermediate quartz-gabbro and lower norite layers of the southern East Range SIC. Microstructures show little intracrystalline deformation in quartz. Euhedral cumulate plagioclase retains an angular outline indicating magmatic mineral fabric development. This magmatic foliation is concordant to SIC contacts or large-scale discontinuities in their vicinity (Fig. 1). Magmatic fabrics are observed rarely in the northern portion of the East Range. Here, tectonic foliations and S–C fabrics are developed sporadically at, and concordant to, brittle structures striking N–S. A weak tectonic foliation defined by chlorite that replaces magmatic minerals is developed in the upper granophyric SIC of the NE-lobe that connects the SIC’s North and East Ranges via a 105° arc. This foliation grades into a shape-preferred orientation of primary, i.e., magmatic, mafic minerals observed in the lower granophyre and underlying layers of the SIC. Mineral fabrics observed in the NE-lobe SIC are concordant to metamorphic foliations developed in the overlying Onaping Formation breccias. Both foliations strike parallel to the NE-Lobe’s acute bisectrix and, thus, display an axial-planar geometry typical for fabrics formed in the core of a buckle fold (Fig. 1). Brittle structures including centimetre-scale shear-fractures to kilometre-scale faultzones are observed in the eastern SIC and its host rocks. Largescale faults striking N–S cut the NElobe’s eastern limb causing variable magnitudes of strike separation of SIC contacts. Centimetre- to metrescale, brittle faults and chlorite-filled brittle-ductile shear-zones occur pervasively in the eastern SIC, often causing centimetre-scale offset of markers. Microstructures from first-order fault-zones indicate deformation at, and below, greenschist-facies metamorphic conditions. The concordance of magmatic and tectonic mineral shape fabrics in the NElobe indicates progressive deformation of the SIC during cooling from the magmatic state to lower greenschistfacies metamorphic conditions. Synmagmatic deformation of the SIC suggests that it was emplaced during ongoing orogenic deformation. Furthermore, maximum principal stress directions inferred from inversion of faultslip data collected in the Onaping Formation are orthogonal to metamorphic foliation surfaces at the same localities. This points to a similar deformation regime in the Onaping Formation during ductile and brittle deformation. The concordance of magmatic, metamorphic and brittle fabrics is explained best by a single progressive deformation event that was active while the SIC cooled and solidified. The lack of pervasive ductile deformation fabrics in the East Range SIC can be explained by rapid cooling of the impact melt sheet (within 100–500 ka) with respect to natural tectonic strain rates. While the geometry of mineral fabrics in the study area is compatible with large-scale, non-cylindrical folding, the low levels of ductile deformation suggest that shape-change of the eastern SIC has been accomplished mainly by discontinuous deformation. This deformation mechanism may have accomplished bulk NW-SE shortening that was accommodated by reverse shearing within the SRSZ, resulting in large strike separations of SIC contacts observed in the western part of the impact structure. By contrast, the eastern SIC may have accomplished such shortening by brittleductile, non-cylindrical folding at the eastern terminus of the SRSZ. The complex post-impact deformation pattern of the central Sudbury Structure results from impact into an active orogen.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VEV 127 ; VAE 150 ; VKB 280 ; VAE 400 ; Ontario {Geologie} ; Strukturelle Erscheinungen {Strukturgeologie} ; Impaktgesteine {Petrologie} ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Sudbury 〈Ontario, Region〉 ; Mehrfachringbassin ; Tiefengestein ; Impaktmetamorphes Gestein ; Deformation 〈Geologie〉
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) can serve as a good indicator of strain in deformed carbonate rocks with diamagnetic susceptibility (Owens and Rutter 1978; de Wall 2000). However, the magnetic fabric due to the diamagnetic carbonate minerals is usually very weak and interpretation of the AMS in these rocks is often complicated by the presence of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases which overprint the diamagnetic subfabric. For this reason contributions from ferromagnetic and paramagnetic minerals to the AMS should be separated for a reliable interpretation of the AMS. Ferromagnetic contributions to the AMS can be separated by high-field measurements, using a torque magnetometer (Martin- Hernandez and Hirt 2001). The remaining paramagnetic and diamagnetic contributions can be discriminated by their different temperature dependencies. The paramagnetic susceptibility increases as an inverse function of temperature, whereas the diamagnetic part remains constant. Altogether, AMS measurements at high fields and low temperatures allow for the discrimination of all three subfabrics. Test measurements with the high-field torque magnetometer at liquid nitrogen temperature were performed. It is possible to keep the specimens at low temperature over the measurement period using a cryostat. The main problem is the suppression of mechanical disturbances during the measurement so that the sensitivity of the instrument is retained. The torque of paramagnetic minerals increases strongly at low temperature which results in an amplification of the paramagnetic subfabric. The quantitative separation of diamagnetic and paramagnetic subfabric is under investigation. The result is promising when there is a significant diamagnetic signal.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; TQB 000 ; TOT 310 ; VAE 120 ; Erdmagnetische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Gesteinsmagnetismus {Geophysik} ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Magnetische Suszeptibilität ; Drehmagnetometer
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Gravitative Massenverlagerungen entlang der Muschelkalkschichtstufe gehören zur natürlichen Morphodynamik. Durch die unterschiedliche Erosionsresistenz der relativ inkompetenten Ton- und Mergelsteine des Röt und der direkt darüber anstehenden widerstandsfähigeren Kalkgesteinen des Unteren Muschelkalks hat sich ein Steilhang im Übergang dieser Einheiten ausgeprägt. Ein unruhiges Relief des Schichtstufenhangs zeugt an vielen Stellen von gravitativen Massenverlagerungen. Zur detaillierten Kartierung dieser gravitativen Massenverlagerungen am Hünstollen im Göttinger Wald (10km nordöstlich von Göttingen) wurden Zweifrequenz-GPS-Messungen durchgeführt. Mittels differentieller Korrektur der gesammelten GPS-Daten konnte eine horizontale Präzision der Positionsbestimmung von bis zu 10 cm auf freier Fläche und bis zu 40 cm im Wald erreicht werden. Zusammen mit Schichtflächenmessungen ermöglichen die gesammelten Daten eine hochauflösende Darstellung einzelner Strukturelemente, Rückschlüsse auf die stattgefundenen Bewegungsabläufe sowie eine relative zeitliche Zuordnung der einzelnen Rutschkörper...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VEB 126 ; VDH 110 ; VDH 120 ; VAJ 100 ; VBG 100 ; Niedersächsisches Bergland {Geologie} ; Untere Trias ; Mittlere Trias ; Massenbewegungen {Geologie} ; Geologisches Kartieren ; Göttinger Wald ; Röt-Muschelkalk-Grenze ; Massentransport 〈Geowissenschaften〉 ; Kartierung
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Im nördlichen Teil des Appenin in Italien ist der metamorphe Komplex der Alpi Apuane in Form eines tektonischen Fensters sehr gut aufgeschlosssen. Die metamorphen Gesteine der Alpi Apuane — Metakarbonate, Kiesel- und Karbonatschiefer sowie Phyllite — sind aufgrund der Kollision der korsischsardischen Mikroplatte mit der italienischen Halbinsel im mm bis km- Maßstab verfaltet worden. Im zentralen Teil der Alpi Apuane biegt das generelle N–S Streichen der Faltenstrukturen in eine E–W Richtung um. Faltenstrukturen mit senkrecht zueinander stehenden Faltenachsen sind charakteristisches Strukturmerkmal u.a. ‘Metamorpher Kernkomplexe’ und Schlüssel zum Verständnis von Deformationsgeschichte und mechanismen. Die Entwicklung dieser Strukturen wird kontrovers diskutiert...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VEF 200 ; VKB 292 ; VKB 270 ; VKA 200 ; VAE 140 ; VAE 120 ; Italien {Geologie} ; Metamorphe Komplexe, übriges Europa {Petrologie} ; Produkte mechanischer Deformation {Petrologie} ; Gefügekunde der Gesteine ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie} ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Apuaner Alpen ; Karbonatgestein ; Marmor ; Deformation 〈Geologie〉 ; Faltentektonik ; Gefüge 〈Gesteinskunde〉
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Fission-track (FT) data always depend on the thermal history of a 3-D geological complex. Therefore it is expedient to display FT data sets in 3-D models. Such a model in which tectonic, sedimentological and hydrological features are combined can greatly improve the interpretation of the palaeo-thermal pattern derived from FT analyses. Since 1988 several FT studies have been conducted in the Black Forest (BF) (Michalski 1988, Wyss 2000, Timar- Geng et al. 2004, 2005). Timar-Geng et al. (2006) analyse the crystalline basement and the Permian Rotliegend beneath the Mesozoic units in the Tabular Jura (TJ) east of Basel, Switzerland, using samples taken from the three Nagra boreholes at Kaisten, Riniken and Leuggern. In particular Timar-Geng et al. (2005, 2006) characterise the thermal history of this pre-Mesozoic basement. For the BF they estimate at least one heating phase during the lower and middle Mesozoic while similar heating could not be observed in northern Switzerland. However, the FT-data in both regions show moderate to rapid cooling during the Cretaceous and Lower Eocene, which was followed by an Upper Eocene heating event. The software package GOCAD (Geological Objects Computer-Aided Design) was used to build a digital elevation model (DEM), which provide a new detailed view of these FT data sets. The model is located about 20 km east of Basel, Switzerland, and extends over an area of about 21km by 24 km and spans a vertical height difference of about 2 km. The data sets described above along with two additional FT analyses from the Buntsandstein which lies directly on the BF crystalline, were compiled and plotted at their topographic heights in the DEM. The FT central-ages (Galbraith & Laslett 1993) of this region range between 25 ± 2Ma and 98 ± 6.5 Ma. The topographic positions extend between −1412m at the Borehole Riniken and 960m in the BF with mean sea level as a reference. FT central-age isochron surfaces were drawn in order to visualize the thermal evolution within the model range. Because the FT central-ages also correspond to a closure temperature, these surfaces can also be considered an isotherm. The FT closure temperature of apatite is about 90±30°C (Laslett et al. 1987). Therefore each surface shows the position and shape of the ca. 90°C isotherm of a specific age. This 3-D model points out an important difference in the thermal evolution of the BF und the TJ. The vertical distance between the isothermal surfaces increases from north to south. Between 90Ma and 60Ma the ca. 90°C isotherm drops at the Kaisten borehole by 1000m while in the same time span in the BF a lowering of the same isotherm by 300m can be observed. In the eastern part of the model this feature is not as marked as in the west but nevertheless it is observable. To explain this entirely different thermal evolution it is necessary to turn to the tectonic and other geological features of the region. South of the exposed BF crystalline and beneath the TJ there lies an old Variscan structure: the Permo-Carboniferous trough (PCT). This trough strikes in WSWENE direction and extends from Lake Constance to the Bresse Graben and contains up to 6000m of Palaeozoic sediments. Additionally, some Variscan fault structures strike in WNW–ESE direction and cut both the BF an the PCT, for example the Eggberg Fault and the Vorwald Fault. Beside the tectonic structures the hydrological characteristics played an important role during the palaeo-thermal evolution. Circulating hot fluids controlled the thermal pattern. Variscan faults were often reactivated during the Mesozoic (e.g. Wetzel et al. 2003) and also during the formation of the Upper Rhine Graben. (e.g. Illies 1967) These faults are the major water-conducting features in the crystalline basement of the BF, joints and fracture networks are tributaries. Below the aquifers within the Mesozoic of the TJ, the PCT trough sediments predominantly act as an aquitard. Only the border faults of the trough were important pathways for fluids (Thury 1994). Considering the Mesozoic sedimentological history of the region it is unlikely that fault movements are responsible for the different palaeo-thermal pattern of the BF and the TJ. Only different magnitudes of heat flow caused by hydrothermal circulating fluids can explain the ‘warm’ BF crystalline in comparison to the ‘cold’ basement of the TJ at the transition between the Mesozoic and Tertiary.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VBN 500 ; VBN 200 ; VEB 143 ; Geochronologie einzelner Regionen im allgemeinen ; Radiometrische Altersbestimmung ; Oberrheinische Massen {Geologie} ; Schwarzwald 〈Südost〉 ; Kernspaltspurenmethode
    Language: German
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  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Regional strains in tectonically active volcanic provinces may have a profound influence on the mode of collapse caldera formation. Conversely, the deformation pattern, more specifically, the symmetry of plan-view strain fields imparted to caldera floors may assist in elucidating the regional deformation active during caldera formation. The symmetry of plan-view strain fields is chiefly controlled by the mode of floor subsidence, particularly whether subsidence is uniform, symmetric or asymmetric, portraying collapse mechanisms known respectively as plate, downsag and trapdoor. Plate and downsag subsidence generates centro-symmetric strain fields characterized by radial and concentric discontinuities and subvolcanic dikes. Such strain fields appear to develop preferably where magma pressure controls collapse. By contrast, rectilinear horizontal strain fields form under unidirectional stretching and generate normal faults and subvolcanic dikes transverse to the stretching direction. Rectilinear strain fields are typical for trapdoor subsidence but also for straight orogenic belts and suggests that the formation of both may be related. This was tested for six central Andean collapse calderas that formed between 10.5 and 2Ma and are located on prominent NW–SE striking fault zones. A combined geochronological and structural analysis of the Miocene Negra Muerta Caldera in particular was designed to better understand caldera formation associated with the prominent Olacapato – El Toro Fault Zone...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 150 ; VEX 100 ; VAD 300 ; VAE 400 ; VAE 200 ; Strukturelle Erscheinungen {Strukturgeologie} ; Anden {Geologie} ; Vulkanformen und Vulkantypen {Geologie} ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Geodynamik der Lithosphäre {Geologie} ; Zentralanden ; Caldera ; Einsturzstruktur ; Deformation 〈Geologie〉 ; Geodynamik
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Upper Rhine Graben forms the major segment of the Cenozoic Rift system of Western Europe. Although the rift was the target of many seismic and geological investigations, the style of lithospheric extension below the inferred faults, the depth to detachment, and the amounts of horizontal extension and lateral translation are still being debated. In this study, the date base to the Upper Rhine Graben was subjected to a finite element approach in order to include thermomechanical processes of the lithosphere as well as erosion and sedimentation. The study concentrated on the consequences of extension and lateral translational events on the structure and evolution in terms of basin geometry, sediment layer thicknesses, Moho elevation, and shoulder uplift on a lithospheric scale. The numerical approach was three dimensional in order to incorporate the lateral crustal heterogenities in the Upper Rhine area and the varying ambient stress field...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VEB 145 ; VAE 840 ; VAE 400 ; VAE 120 ; VBE 000 ; Rhein-Main-Tiefland {Geologie} ; Rifts {Geologie} ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Modellierung von Prozessen in der Geosphäre ; Oberrheingraben ; Tektonik ; Rifting ; Numerisches Modell
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der Ság-hegy Vulkan Komplex befindet sich in dem Vulkanfeld der Kleinen Ungarischen Tiefebene. Eine 39Ar/40Ar Datierung ergab ein Alter von 5, 42 ± 0, 06Ma für den Ság-hegy (Wijbrans et al. 2004). Die Entwicklung des Vulkans weist zwei verschiedene Ereignisse auf. Als erstes trifft aufsteigendes Magma auf meteorisches Wasser in einer fluviolakustinen Umgebung (fuel-coolant interaction FCI). Die FCI von Wasser bzw. wassergesättigtem Sediment und Magma führte zur Bildung eines phreatomagmatischen Tuffrings. Nachdem das Wasserangebot aufgebraucht war, füllte sich das Innere des Tephrarings mit einem Lavasee. Lokal kollabierte der Tuffring, so dass Lava aus dem See herausfließen konnte. Durch die Anlage eines Steinbruches im zentralen Bereich des Vulkankomplexes ergibt sich ein 3-D Aufschluss mit hervorragenden Einblick auf die Intrusionsbeziehungen von Förderdykes, Sills und Überresten des Lavasees (Martin & Németh, 2004). In dieser Studie sollen die magnetischen Charakteristika einer Sektion von pyroklastischen Gesteinen, die von Dykes und Sills abgeschnitten wird, untersucht werden. Vorläufige Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die magnetische Suszeptibilität aller pyroklastischen Einheiten im Bereich der ferrimagnetischen Suszeptibilität liegt und von (2 − 20 × 10−3 SI variiert...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAD 500 ; VAD 700 ; VKB 128 ; TOT 320 ; TQB 000 ; TSE 000 ; VEE 200 ; Exhalationen und postvulkanische Erscheinungen {Geologie} ; Regionaler Vulkanismus {Geologie} ; Pyroklastika {Petrologie} ; Paläomagnetismus {Geophysik} ; Erdmagnetische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Südosteuropa {Geophysik} ; Pannonisches Becken {Geologie} ; Ungarische Tiefebene ; Pyroklastit ; Magnetische Suszeptibilität
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Geology as a science has an important visual component and the knowledge of any geologist is deeply linked to visual experience of rock outcrops, thin sections and analytical images. One of the shortcomings of most geological images such as maps, cross sections and outcrop photographs is that they are 2D, while processes geologists are interested in are typically occurring in 3D space. The 3D geometry of faults, fractures and joints is crucial to quantify geological processes related to fracture mechanics, such as hydrothermal mineralization and ground water flow, but also geotechnical problems such as rock mass stability. A number of studies have shown that some geological structures can be described with a scale invariant, fractal distribution. So far these observations on which these findings are based were restricted to one and two dimensions and has been difficult to obtain a full spatial geometric picture of fracture sets from rock outcrops, because much of the rock is not directly accessible. However, without taking into account the spatial distribution of geological structures the true geometry of joint patterns cannot be fully described and scaling laws, fractal or not, cannot be derived. We present images of joint patterns based on datasets acquired by digital photographs which are processed to three dimensional images using the photogrammetry software Siro3D. This technique allows to obtain a highly accurate 3D picture of the visible outcrop. The spatial pattern of joints in nature is investigated using the software SiroJoint. For the analysis of joint systems a large data set was collected from the Heavitree Quarzite at Ormiston Gorge, near Alice Springs. The Heavitree Quartzite is fragmented by a spectacularly regular three-dimensional joint pattern, which is repeated at different scales and therefore represents a perfect laboratory for our investigations (Hobbs 1993). Siro3D generates a spatially fully referenced 3D image from overlapping digital images, such that each pixel of the image is assigned spatial coordinates. The software SiroJoint routinely constructs planes from the intersection of the rock-face with the linear trace of planar features (Poropat 2001). It provides stereographic plots of structural elements and additionally measures joint persistence, area, and joint spacing. Our measurements allow to analyse geometrical scaling relationships of joint sets with high accuracy and will help explore the character of their 3D complexity. Several hundred joint planes were defined with SiroJoint in an Ormiston Gorge outcrop. Three different joint sets can be distinguished. Joint set one and two are characterized by steeply inclined planes with joint spacings ranging between 2 cm to 40 cm and 2 cm to 10m respectively. Both joints sets depict a power law distribution in joint spacing/frequency plots. The third set is defined by a subhorizontal orientation. It shows a very regular spacing in the meter scale and lacks an exponential distribution. We intend to use the results as a basis to compare observed fracture pattern with those generated by computational methods like Iterated Function Systems. This might help to understand how physical rock properties influence the spatial complexity of fracture systems and develop constitutive scaling relationships for certain rock types.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 120 ; VBH 000 ; VAE 150 ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Fernerkundung ; Strukturelle Erscheinungen {Strukturgeologie} ; Klüftung ; Bruch 〈Geologie〉 ; Photogrammetrie ; Dreidimensionale Rekonstruktion
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2021-04-27
    Description: DNA-based divergence time estimates suggested major changes in the composition of epiphyte lineages of liverworts during the Cretaceous; however, evidence from the fossil record is scarce. We present the first Cretaceous fossil of the predominantly epiphytic leafy liverwort genus Radula in ca. 100 Myr old Burmese amber. The fossil's exquisite preservation allows first insights into the morphology of early crown group representatives of Radula occurring in gymnosperm-dominated forests. Ancestral character state reconstruction aligns the fossil with the crown group of Radula subg. Odontoradula; however, corresponding divergence time estimates using the software BEAST lead to unrealistically old age estimates. Alternatively, assignment of the fossil to the stem of subg. Odontoradula results in a stem age estimate of Radula of 227.8 Ma (95 % highest posterior density (HPD): 165.7–306.7) and a crown group estimate of 176.3 Ma (135.1–227.4), in agreement with analyses employing standard substitution rates (stem age 235.6 Ma (142.9–368.5), crown group age 183.8 Ma (109.9–289.1)). The fossil likely belongs to the stem lineage of Radula subg. Odontoradula. The fossil's modern morphology suggests that switches from gymnosperm to angiosperm phorophytes occurred without changes in plant body plans in epiphytic liverworts. The fossil provides evidence for striking morphological homoplasy in time. Even conservative node assignments of the fossil support older rather than younger age estimates of the Radula crown group, involving origins for most extant subgenera by the end of the Cretaceous and diversification of their crown groups in the Cenozoic.
    Keywords: 551
    Type: article
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  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung | Stuttgart
    Publication Date: 2021-04-27
    Keywords: Paläontologie: Allgemeines ; 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20 ; 38.2
    Language: German
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Chemical fingerprints of impacts are usually compromised by extreme conditions in the impact plume, and the contribution of projectile matter to impactites does not often exceed a fraction of per cent. Here we use chromium and oxygen isotopes to identify the impactor and impact-plume processes for Zhamanshin astrobleme, Kazakhstan. ε54Cr values up to 1.54 in irghizites, part of the fallback ejecta, represent the 54Cr-rich extremity of the Solar System range and suggest a CI-like chondrite impactor. Δ17O values as low as -0.22‰ in irghizites, however, are incompatible with a CI-like impactor. We suggest that the observed 17O depletion in irghizites relative to the terrestrial range is caused by partial isotope exchange with atmospheric oxygen (Δ17O = -0.47‰) following material ejection. In contrast, combined Δ17O-ε54Cr data for central European tektites (distal ejecta) fall into the terrestrial range and neither impactor fingerprint nor oxygen isotope exchange with the atmosphere are indicated.Identifying the original impactor from craters remains challenging. Here, the authors use chromium and oxygen isotopes to indicate that the Zhamanshin astrobleme impactor was a carbonaceous chrondrite by demonstrating that depleted 17O values are due to exchange with atmospheric oxygen.
    Keywords: carbonaceous chondrite; post-impact exchange; ejecta; Earth’s atmosphere ; 551
    Type: article
    Format: 8
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die World Trade Organization (WTO) und besonders die Doha- Verhandlungen über die Weltagrarmärkte stehen vielfach in der Kritik, gegenüber der dringlichen Aufgabe zu versagen, den Hunger in der Welt zu bekämpfen. Zum einen wird eine Ausweitung des Freihandels gefordert und mit der ökonomischen Theorie von Ricardo begründet. Zum anderen werden ein gerechter, fairer Welthandel und ein Recht auf Ernährungssouveränität gefordert. Beide Standpunkte werden hier kritisiert. Sie unterstellen ein Politikversagen, das nicht erklären kann, warum Staaten Freihandel und Protektionismus betreiben. Zur Begründung der Kritik wird auf allgemeiner Ebene der Zusammenhang zwischen der Dynamik von Akkumulation und räumlicher Expansion in kapitalistischen Ökonomien und dem Interesse moderner Staaten am Außenhandel erörtert. Es wird dargelegt, in welcher Weise die Institution WTO ein Mittel imperialistischer Politik ist. Als konkrete Beispiele hierfür werden die Doha-Runde und der gegenwärtige Streit um den Agrarhandel untersucht. Sie zeigen die konkreten Ziele und Verlaufsformen imperialistischer Politik sowie die Rolle der WTO und der Weltmarktentwicklung in der Konkurrenz der Staaten um den abstrakten Reichtum, in der das (Über-)Leben der Hungernden nur als unattraktive Geschäftssphäre vorkommt.
    Keywords: Freihandel; Hunger; WTO; Weltagrarmärkte ; 551
    Language: German
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: gas hydrate-bearing sediments; in situ synchrotron-tomography data ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A series of various readily water-soluble carbamates were synthesized with good yields. These compounds are useful chemical tracers for assessing the cooling progress in a georeservoir during geothermal power plant operation. Acylation of primary amines was carried out as well as using a solution of sodium bicarbonate and without the presence of salt. Products were characterized by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Purity was confirmed through elemental analysis.
    Description: Open Access Publikationsfonds 2015
    Keywords: chloroformates; primary amines; carbamates; thermo-sensitive tracers; urethanes ; 551
    Language: English , English
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The combination of scanning electron microscope–cathodoluminescence (CL), fluid inclusion analysis and high-resolution electron probe microanalysis of Al, Ti, K and Fe in vein quartz has yielded results permitting a greater understanding of the complex mineralisation of the Central Oyu Tolgoi and Zesen Uul porphyry-style deposits, southern Mongolia. These data demonstrate the relationship between quartz precipitation, dissolution and ore deposition as the mineralising fluid chemistry changed through time. Four major quartz generations are identified in the A-type veins from the stockworks of both the Central Oyu Tolgoi (OTi to OTiv) and Zesen Uul deposits (ZUi to ZUiv). Despite differences in the associated alteration and mineralisation style, the observed CL textures and trace element signatures of the quartz generations are comparable between deposits. The OTi and ZUi stage formed both the primary network of A-type veins and pervasive silicification of the host rock. Using the Ti-in-quartz geothermometer, crystallisation temperatures for OTi and ZUi of between 598°C and 880°C are indicated. The main stage of sulphide mineralisation was accompanied by the dissolution of pre-existing quartz (OTi and ZUi) and precipitation of a weakly luminescent generation of quartz (OTii and ZUii) with a low Ti content, reflected in a calculated temperature drop from approximately 700°C to 340°C in Central Oyu Tolgoi and 445°C in Zesen Uul. OTii and ZUii stage quartzes show high and variable Al concentrations. The next stage of quartz in both deposits (OTiii and ZUiii) forms a fine network of veins in cracks formed in pre-existing quartz. OTiii and ZUiii quartz contain measurable fluid inclusions of moderate salinity (3–17.1 wt.% NaCl eq.), entrapped in the temperature range 256°C to 385°C. OTiii and ZUiii are not related to any sulphide mineralisation. The final OTiv and ZUiv stages are characterised by quartz–calcite micro-breccias that penetrate the A-type veins. Based on the calculated entrapment temperatures, the OTiv/ZUiv stage crystallised between 212°C and 335°C, and the quartz is characterised by elevated but variable Al and Fe contents. The CL and trace element signatures of the OTi to OTiii and ZUi to ZUiii stages of the two Mongolian porphyries show similar features to those observed in porphyry-style deposits from other regions. This suggests that a common sequence of quartz crystallisation occurs during the formation of early veins in many porphyry copper systems.
    Keywords: Copper porphyry; Quartz; Cathodoluminescence; Fluid inclusion; Trace elements; Mongolia ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Chemical reduction has long dominated the thinking about the mechanism of aqueous contaminant removal in the presence of metallic iron (e.g. Fe0/H2O systems). However, a large body of experimental evidence indicates that chemical reduction is not adequate to explain satisfactorily the efficiency of Fe0/H2O systems for several substances or classes of substances. By contrast, the alternative approach, that contaminants are fundamentally adsorbed and co-precipitated by iron corrosion products seems to provide a better explanation of observed efficiency. The new approach is obviously not really understood. The present communication aims at clarifying this key issue. It seems that a paradigm shift is necessary for the further development of the iron technology.
    Keywords: Contaminant removal; Paradigm shift; Removal mechanism; Water treatment; Zerovalent iron ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , submittedVersion
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Adsorption; Contaminant removal; Mechanisms; Reduction; Zerovalent metals ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Interdisciplinary approach; Peer-review system; Permeable reactive barrier; Water treatment; Zero-valent iron ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A detailed electrochemical, photophysical and theoretical study is presented for various new thienyl and furyl derivatives of pyrene. Their optical properties are described based on UV-VIS absorption and both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. DFT and TDDFT calculations are also presented to support experimental data. The calculations results show that HOMO-LUMO orbitals are delocalized uniformly between aromatic core and aryl substituents. Good electrochemical stability of thienyl and furyl hybrids of pyrene confirm their potential application for light emitting electrochemical cells or spintronics mainly due to their beneficial optical and charge transport properties in electrochromic devices. In order to demonstrate this potential, an OLED device is presented. Synthesized compounds included in this OLED device both facilitate electron transport and act as a light emitting layer.
    Keywords: thienyl; furyl derivatives; pyrene ; 551
    Language: English , English
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Description: An external skeleton is an essential part of the body plan of many animals and is thought to be one of the key factors that enabled the great expansion in animal diversity and disparity during the Cambrian explosion. Molluscs are considered ideal to study the evolution of biomineralization because of their diversity of highly complex, robust and patterned shells. The molluscan shell forms externally at the interface of animal and environment, and involves controlled deposition of calcium carbonate within a framework of macromolecules that are secreted from the dorsal mantle epithelium. Despite its deep conservation within Mollusca, the mantle is capable of producing an incredible diversity of shell patterns, and macro- and micro-architectures. Here we review recent developments within the field of molluscan biomineralization, focusing on the genes expressed in the mantle that encode secreted proteins. The so-called mantle secretome appears to regulate shell deposition and patterning and in some cases becomes part of the shell matrix. Recent transcriptomic and proteomic studies have revealed marked differences in the mantle secretomes of even closely-related molluscs; these typically exceed expected differences based on characteristics of the external shell. All mantle secretomes surveyed to date include novel genes encoding lineage-restricted proteins and unique combinations of co-opted ancient genes. A surprisingly large proportion of both ancient and novel secreted proteins containing simple repetitive motifs or domains that are often modular in construction. These repetitive low complexity domains (RLCDs) appear to further promote the evolvability of the mantle secretome, resulting in domain shuffling, expansion and loss. RLCD families further evolve via slippage and other mechanisms associated with repetitive sequences. As analogous types of secreted proteins are expressed in biomineralizing tissues in other animals, insights into the evolution of the genes underlying molluscan shell formation may be applied more broadly to understanding the evolution of metazoan biomineralization.
    Keywords: Biomineralization; Mollusc; Mantle; Shell; Shell matrix proteins; Co-option; Lineage-specific novelties; Repetitive low complexity domain ; 551
    Language: English , English
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  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Our planet earth is a system - scarcely understood - of geological, biological und cosmic processes of great variety, which make it an interesting object of research. The papers listed here deal with topics of a series of lectures open to the public, presented at the Academy of Sciences and at the Georg August University of Göttingen, which were organised by the publishers of this book. It is the publishers' aim to bring before the public a few important and interesting geoscientific aspects. Needless to say, there is no claim to cover all aspects of this subject area. However, the publishers would like to initiate readers to concentrate more deeply on scientific topics. The selected material should help them to find their way through the diversity of this branch of research.
    Keywords: geology; earth science; history of earth ; OAPEN ; 551 ; 38.10 ; RB ; PSAJ ; R
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This study aims to evaluate quantitatively the land surface temperature (LST) derived from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) MOD11A1 and MYD11A1 Collection 5 products for daily land air surface temperature (Ta) estimation over a mountainous region in northern Vietnam. The main objective is to estimate maximum and minimum Ta (Ta-max and Ta-min) using both TERRA and AQUA MODIS LST products (daytime and nighttime) and auxiliary data, solving the discontinuity problem of ground measurements. There exist no studies about Vietnam that have integrated both TERRA and AQUA LST of daytime and nighttime for Ta estimation (using four MODIS LST datasets). In addition, to find out which variables are the most effective to describe the differences between LST and Ta, we have tested several popular methods, such as: the Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise, Bayesian information criterion (BIC), adjusted R-squared and the principal component analysis (PCA) of 14 variables (including: LST products (four variables), NDVI, elevation, latitude, longitude, day length in hours, Julian day and four variables of the view zenith angle), and then, we applied nine models for Ta-max estimation and nine models for Ta-min estimation. The results showed that the differences between MODIS LST and ground truth temperature derived from 15 climate stations are time and regional topography dependent. The best results for Ta-max and Ta-min estimation were achieved when we combined both LST daytime and nighttime of TERRA and AQUA and data from the topography analysis.
    Description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2016
    Keywords: land surface temperature (LST); MODIS LST products; northern Vietnam ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Groundwater from the La Paz arid coastal aquifer in Baja California, Mexico, is essentially the only source of drinking water for the local population and tourists, as well as irrigation water for agricultural needs. The intensive exploitation of the aquifer and water cycling has resulted in groundwater abatement (up to 10 m) and high salinity (up to *5800 mg l-1). A study using hydrochemistry, isotopic (deuterium, oxygen-18 and carbon- 14) and gaseous tracers (chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113), as well as multivariate statistics, was developed to elucidate groundwater composition, flow and occurrence. Groundwater is of meteoric origin, and a large proportion is subject to evaporation. The primary natural recharge is generated in the El Novillo and Las Cruces ranges, and groundwater subsequently flows in a SE–NW direction toward the coast. The initial water type is the result of discordant dissolution of silicate minerals and ion exchange on soils. In the lower plain portion, the aquifer system is recharged from irrigation return flow and seawater intrusion, which significantly affects groundwater chemistry. Nitrate and chloride concentrations indicate that groundwater is highly affected by an overuse of fertilizers in agricultural activities, but there is little effect from urban activities. Seawater intrusion has progressed rapidly during the past decade, and the impact currently extends 13 km inland. Radiocarbon residence time calculations suggest that groundwater is modern, with the exception of Chametla and El Centerario sites in the central and western lowlands with ages of up to *5000 years. These waters indicate an additional recharge source for the upconing of fossil groundwater or regional flow.
    Keywords: Coastal aquifers; Hydrogeochemistry; Arid regions; Isotope hydrology; Contamination ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dada la importancia que revisten los suelos en los procesos que ocurren en la zona crítica (zona de interacción entre agua, suelo, aire, organismos), en este trabajo presentamos la distribución temporal y espacial de una secuencia de paleosuelos arcillosos con carbonatos secundarios (capas de caliches y carbonatos diseminados) en el sector nororiental de la Cuenca de México, particularmente en el valle de Teotihuacán. El propósito de este trabajo consiste en reconstruir la distribución temporal y espacial de la cubierta de suelos del pasado para entender su relación con la estructura actual de suelos y sedimentos en este sector semiárido de la cuenca de México. Con esta información, determinar la participación de estos materiales en la Zona Crítica (ZC). Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un transecto de dirección norte-sur, que inicia en las elevaciones del Cerro Gordo, cruza el valle de Teotihuacán y termina en la Sierra Patlachique, describiendo perfiles de suelo en diferentes posiciones geomorfológicas. El marco cronológico se ha establecido con base en fechamientos de radiocarbono realizados en las capas de caliches. De acuerdo a la cronología, al tipo y grado de pedogénesis, y a los procesos de sedimentación, se han reconocido cuatro unidades. La primera unidad, denominada Paleosuelos del Pleistoceno, fase I (50000 – 20000 años AP), está compuesta de paleosuelos arcillosos, los cuales son Luvisoles crómicos y estágnicos, dependiendo de su posición en el paisaje. Estos paleosuelos muestran tanto carbonatos secundarios diseminados y en fracturas, como capas de caliches. En la segunda unidad, Paleosuelos del Pleistoceno, fase II (20000 –10000 años AP), dominan los sedimentos sobre los suelos; únicamente en el fondo del Valle, se han encontrado Gleysoles cortados por canales aluviales. La unidad, Paleosuelos del Holoceno, fase I (10000 a 1000 años AP) se caracteriza por presentar suelos poligenéticos (Vertisoles), fuertemente modificados por los procesos antrópicos, durante las diversas fases de ocupación pre-hispánica. La última unidad, Suelos del Holoceno, fase II, abarca el último milenio, en donde se destacan procesos de erosión e inestabilidad del paisaje. La tendencia principal en la distribución espacial de los paleosuelos es la siguiente: las unidades antiguas (Luvisoles, capas de caliches y Vertisoles) están sepultadas profundamente en el fondo del valle. Sin embargo, en los taludes y elevaciones montañosas, pueden aparecer cerca o directamente sobre la superficie, siendo incorporados en el manto de suelos actual. Las interrelaciones entre los diferentes paleosuelos a lo largo del transecto estudiado, junto con las observaciones micromorfológicas, apoyan la hipótesis de una relación evolutiva entre los Luvisoles pleistocénicos y los Vertisoles del Holoceno. Consideramos que estas diferentes unidades repercuten en los procesos hidrológicos en el valle y que las capas de caliche formadas en los ambientes pleistocénicos pueden afectar la geoquímica del agua subterránea así como sus firmas isotópicas.
    Description: As soils are important elements for the processes involved in the critical zone (the zone of interaction between water, soil, air, and organisms), in this work we present the temporal and spatial distribution of a clayey-paleosol sequence with secondary carbonates (layers of caliche and disseminated carbonates) in the northeast sector of the Mexico Basin, particularly in the Teotihuacan Valley. The goal of this paper is the temporal and spatial reconstruction of the past soil cover to understand its relationship with the present day soils and sediments in this semiarid sector of the Mexico Basin. With this information the involvement of these materials in the critical zone could be determined. To comply with these objectives, a north-south transect was carried out, starting in the Cerro Gordo, crossing the Teotihuacan valley and ending in the Sierra Patlachique, describing soil profiles located in different geomorphological positions. The chronological framework has been established with radiocarbon dates of the caliche layers. According to this chronology, the type and degree of pedogenesis, as well as the sedimentation processes, four units have been recognized. The first unit is named the Pleistocene Paleosols, phase I (50000 – 20000 years BP), and is composed of clayey paleosols, chromic and stagnic Luvisols, depending on their position in the landscape. These paleosols contain pedogenic carbonates, disseminated and in fractures, and caliche layers. In the second unit, the Pleistocene Paleosols, phase II (20000 –10000 years BP), sediments predominate over soils; only in the valley floor some Gleysols are found to be cut by alluvial channels. The unit, Paleosols of the Holocene Paleosols unit, phase I (10000 to 1000 years BP), is characterized by polygenetic soils (Vertisols) strongly modified by anthropic processes during distinct phases of pre-hispanic occupation. The last unit, the Holocene Soils, phase II, covers the last millennium when erosional processes and unstable landscape dominate. The paleosols (Luvisols, caliche layers, and Vertisols) are deeply buried at the bottom of the valley. However, on the slopes and hilltop positions, they can appear close to or directly on the surface, being incorporated in the present day soil mantle. Spatial interrelations of different paleosols along the studied transect together with micromorphological observations support the hypothesis of an evolutionary link between the Pleistocene Luvisols and the Holocene Vertisols. We propose that these different units are involved in the hydrological processes in the valley and that the caliche layers, formed in the Pleistocene environments, can affect the geochemistry of the groundwater as well as its isotopic signatures.
    Keywords: paleosuelos; Teotihuacán; caliches; Luvisoles; Vertisoles; cuenca de México; paleosols; Teotihuacan; caliches; Luvisols; Vertisols; Basin of Mexico ; 551
    Language: Spanish
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A new method to correlate intrinsic reactivity and treatability efficiency of metallic iron (Fe0) was evaluated. A 2.0 mg L-1 methylene blue (MB) solution was used in gravity fed column experiments. The intrinsic reactivity of nine Fe0 materials (ten samples) was characterized using the EDTA test. Three commercial Fe0 materials ZVI1 (0.40 - 0.80 mm), ZVI9 (0.50 mm) and ZVI10 (0.45 - 0.55 mm) were tested in column experiments. A layer containing 100 g of Fe0 was sandwiched between 19.0 to 20.0 cm upper coarse sand (1.6 - 2.0 mm) and 8.0 cm lower fine sand (0.25 - 0.30 mm). 500 mL of the MB solution was daily filtered through each column for one month. Effluent solutions were characterized for MB and Fe concentrations. The columns were also characterized by the evolution of the hydraulic conductivity (k values). Results showed (i) quantitative MB removal (〉 88 %) and (ii) limited Fe release for all three columns. After about 25 days, the Fe levels were constantly less than 1.0 mg L-1. The most significant difference was observed in the evolution of the k value and was attributed to the different material sorting. Less sorted ZVI1 exhibited the lowest initial k value (8.0 vs 43.0 mm min-1 for ZVI9 and ZVI10) and most significant permeability loss. Results confirmed the usefulness of the tested protocol as a reliable method to assess the efficiency of Fe0 materials in short term column experiments. Well-sorted Fe0 materials are recommended for long term efficient Fe0 filtration systems.
    Keywords: Intrinsic reactivity; Methylene blue; Reactive filtration; Treatability efficiency; Zerovalent iron ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , submittedVersion
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Keywords: 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
    Format: 247-257
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Keywords: 551 ; VKB 350 ; 38.20
    Language: English
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
    Format: 186-209
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In order to better understand the role of fluids during subduction and subsequent exhumation, we have investigated whole-rock and mineral chemistry (major and trace elements) and Li, B as well as O, Sr, Nd, Pb isotopes on selected continuous drill-core profiles through contrasting lithological boundaries from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CCSD) in Sulu, China. Four carefully selected sample sets have been chosen to investigate geochemical changes as a result of fluid mobilization during dehydration, peak metamorphism, and exhumation of deeply subducted continental crust. Our data reveal that while O and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions remain more or less unchanged, significant Li and/or B isotope fractionations occur between different lithologies that are in close contact during various metamorphic stages. Samples that are supposed to represent prograde dehydration as indicated by veins formed at high pressures (HP) are characterized by element patterns of highly fluid-mobile elements in the veins that are complementary to those of the host eclogite. A second sample set represents a UHP metamorphic crustal eclogite that is separated from a garnet peridotite by a thin transitional interface. Garnet peridotite and eclogite are characterized by a 〉10% difference in MgO, which, together with the presence of abundant hydroxyl-bearing minerals and compositionally different clinopyroxene grains demonstrate that both rocks have been derived from different sources that have been tectonically juxtaposed during subduction, and that hydrous silicate-rich fluids have been added from the subducting slab to the mantle. Two additional sample sets, comprising retrograde amphibolite and relatively fresh eclogite, demonstrate that besides external fluids, internal fluids can be responsible for the formation of amphibolite. Li and B concentrations and isotopic compositions point to losses and isotopic fractionation during progressive dehydration. On the other hand, fluids with isotopically heavier Li and B are added during retrogression. On a small scale, mantle-derived rocks may be significantly metasomatized by fluids derived from the subducted slab. Our study indicates that during high-grade metamorphism, Li and B may show different patterns of enrichment and of isotopic fractionation.
    Keywords: Fluid/rock interaction; Elemental transfer; Isotopic fractionation; Subduction and exhumation; Sulu ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Mineralogy; Mineral Resources; Geology
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Itajaí Basin located in the southern border of the Luís Alves Microplate is considered as a peripheral foreland basin related to the Dom Feliciano Belt. It presents an excellent record of the Ediacaran period, and its upper parts display the best Brazilian example of Precambrian turbiditic deposits. The basal succession of Itajaí Group is represented by sandstones and conglomerates (Baú Formation) deposited in alluvial and deltaic-fan systems. The marine upper sequences correspond to the Ribeirão Carvalho (channelized and non-channelized proximal silty-argillaceous rhythmic turbidites), Ribeirão Neisse (arkosic sandstones and siltites), and Ribeirão do Bode (distal silty turbidites) formations. The Apiúna Formation felsic volcanic rocks crosscut the sedimentary succession. The Cambrian Subida leucosyenogranite represents the last felsic magmatic activity to affect the Itajaí Basin. The Brusque Group and the Florianópolis Batholith are proposed as source areas for the sediments of the upper sequence. For the lower continental units the source areas are the Santa Catarina, São Miguel and Camboriú complexes. The lack of any oceanic crust in the Itajaí Basin suggests that the marine units were deposited in a restricted, internal sea. The sedimentation started around 600 Ma and ended before 560 Ma as indicated by the emplacement of rhyolitic domes. The Itajaí Basin is temporally and tectonically correlated with the Camaquã Basin in Rio Grande do Sul and the Arroyo del Soldado/Piriápolis Basin in Uruguay. It also has several tectono-sedimentary characteristics in common with the African-equivalent Nama Basin.
    Keywords: Dom Feliciano Belt; Ediacaran; Foreland basin; U–Pb SHRIMP ages; Provenance ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Geophysics/Geodesy; Geology
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In the crystal structure of the title compound [systematic name: 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptatriene-5-carboxamide–1,4- dioxane (2/1)], 2C16H13NO C4H8O2, the cytenamide molecules form a hydrogen-bonded R2 2(8) dimer. The solvent molecule is located between two adjacent cytenamide dimers and forms N—H O hydrogen bonds with one cytenamide molecule from each dimer.
    Keywords: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 160 K; mean (C–C) = 0.004 A° ; R factor = 0.069; wR factor = 0.122; data-to-parameter ratio = 13.5. ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Adsorption; Decontamination; Reduction; Remediation; Zerovalent iron ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , submittedVersion
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  • 99
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: letter; apology letter ; 551 ; Chlorine ; Iron ; Lindane ; Palladium ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Water Purification
    Language: English , English
    Type: article , submittedVersion
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Environmental remediation; Material reactivity; Nanoscale iron; Roll-front; Zerovalent iron ; 551 ; Environment; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Climate Change; Environment, general; Soil Science & Conservation; Hydrogeology; Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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