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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
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    Commission for the Geological Map of the World
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Schlagwort(e): 550 - Earth sciences
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-01
    Beschreibung: Questo lavoro presenta una utility per il GIS MapInfo™ sviluppata per l'archiviazione ed elaborazione dei dati macrosismici dalla fase di georeferenziazione fino al plottaggio finale su mappa. L'identificazione della località associata con un'osservazione macrosismica è un'operazione che talvolta può causare errori ed in seguito problemi nell'analisi ed interpretazione dei dati. La routine MacroMap fornisce uno strumento che in modo semplice e veloce aiuti nell'identificazione della corretta località a cui attribuire l'informazione macrosismica durante lo studio di un terremoto. L'utility è strutturata per utilizzare il formato della directory geografica DIR04 e le procedure adottate nella compilazione del DataBase Macrosismico Italiano DBMI04. MacroMap è stata sperimentata "sul campo" durante alcune indagini macrosismiche e tiene conto dell'esperienza e dei suggerimenti degli operatori del Gruppo QUEST (QUick Earthquake Survey Team). I campi di utilizzo di MacroMap vanno dalla realizzazione speditiva di mappe e tabelle per la produzione di report macrosismici per la Protezione Civile, alla revisione di terremoti storici, grazie all'avanzato sistema di query disponibile per la selezione dei toponimi del database geografico.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-21
    Beschreibung: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Osservazioni macrosismiche ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Mostly based on traditional catalogues, without further research, several modern parametric catalogues are nevertheless straightforward, without question marks, and easily misleading (chronology, epicentre, epicentral intensity, not to speak of magnitude). The example of an Ionian time-window (1658-1664), with several major events, shows that the historical seismicity of the Ionian Islands, often thought to be well-known, actually needs a more or less drastic revision. A wealth of sources was collected, mostly from the Archives of the Republic of Venice, then ruling the main three islands of the Ionian Archipelago; it was ascertained that there are no important chronological gaps in the surviving documentation. Similarly outstanding, and in fact at the basis of a more balanced and precise view of one of the events in this time-window, are the souvenirs of Christoff von Degenfeld, a German nobleman at the service of the Republic of Venice. His manuscript, discovered at the library of Karlsruhe (Germany) in 1992, has been consulted again in the original, on the occasion of the preparation of this paper. Some question marks remain on the distributions of macroseismic effects of the earthquakes within this time-window, and this is due to the lack of information concerning the mainland. For this reason this study does not propose epicentres and, of course, magnitudes. An unusually long documentary appendix is provided, with the hope that it might contribute in discouraging authors of parametric earthquake catalogues from hasty exploitation and interpretation of often unreliable current catalogues.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 43-91
    Beschreibung: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Historical seismology ; Ionian Islands 1658-1664 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Most of the ancient town of Tindari (NE, Sicily) was settled on a plateau the most surficial layer of which was made of unconsolidated material. Ongoing excavations at the archaeological site at Tindari uncovered a large portion of the decumanus which suffered deformations preliminarily assigned to coseismic effects. An analysis of the local dynamic response through the simulation of strong seismic shaking to the bedrock and modelling of spectral ratios of the bedrock-soft soil was carried out to verify the susceptibility of superficial terrains of the promontory to coseismic deformations. To perform this simulation the finite element method (FEM) was used. Four accelerometric recordings of three earthquakes of medium-high magnitude, recorded on rocky sites, were chosen to simulate the seismic shaking, using a constitutive law for the materials composing the promontory layers both of linear-elastic type and of elastoplastic type. The analysis of the linear-elastic field allowed the definition of the frequencies for which the spectral ratios of the accelerations recorded the highest amplifications; in particular the frequency range 31.5–37.2 Hz can be combined with deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus. The analysis in the elastoplastic field highlighted the zones of promontory more susceptible to suffer plasticization process. The results show that the topmost layer of the decumanus is the most susceptible to suffer plasticization. Therefore, the performed analysis lends greater support to the hypothesis that the deformations were produced by seismic shaking.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 213-222
    Beschreibung: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Fourier analysis ; Elasticity and anelasticity ; Earthquake ground motions ; Site effects ; Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: RIASSUNTO Il terremoto dell’8 settembre 1905 in Calabria è considerato uno degli eventi più forti della storia sismica italiana, ma paradossalmente, pur essendo abbastanza recente, anche uno dei terremoti la cui conoscenza è più lacunosa. Localizzazione, magnitudo e geometria della sorgente sono ancora sostanzialmente parametri poco vincolati. Il terremoto produsse una grande quantità di effetti ambientali, sui terreni e sulle acque, ed effetti “anomali” percepiti dalla gente, come rombi e fenomeni luminosi. Scopo del presente lavoro è di presentare in un unico repertorio la raccolta di tali osservazioni per fornire un quadro degli effetti associati all’evento. La raccolta è avvenuta selezionando le testimonianze contenute nelle fonti, preferibilmente coeve, che trattano del terremoto del 1905, catalogandole per tipologia e descrivendole. Il database finale è relativo ad osservazioni di effetti associati al terremoto in 122 località. Gli effetti geologici e quelli idrologici sono stati usati per calcolare empiricamente dei valori di magnitudo. Per ognuno dei fenomeni osservati abbiamo anche riassunto lo stato delle conoscenze nella letteratura scientifica, antica e contemporanea. ABSTRACT The September 8, 1905 Calabria (Southern Italy) earthquake belongs to a peculiar family of highly destructive seismic events, mostly occurred at the dawning of the instrumental seismology, for which location, geometry and size of the source are still substantially unconstrained. For instance, during the century-long period elapsed since the earthquake, previous Authors calculated magnitudes between M≤6.2 and M=7.9. In this paper we collected a remarkable dataset of environmental effects produced by the earthquake (more than 220 deeply reviewed observations at 122 different localities) retrieved in the coeval sources. Our data include ground effects (landslides, rock falls and lateral spreads), hydrological changes (streamflow variations, liquefaction, rise of water temperature and turbidity), earthquake lights, earthquake sounds. Finally, we define the magnitude of the event using some empirical relation between seismic parameters and distribution of ground effects and hydrological changes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-19
    Beschreibung: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): calabria 1905 ; effetti ambientali ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Jean Vogt was born in 1929 in Strasbourg (France), where he attended primary and secondary school. At the University of Strasbourg, he graduated in Geography, and majored in Geomorphology. His professor was the geographer Jean Tricart, who taught him the importance of both geological field work and archive investigation. In 1955 he joined the French West-Africa Geological Service and later the French Bureau for Geology and Mines (BRGM). Along the following 20 years he lived as a “geological” globetrotter in a number of countries, dispensing his time between the field and the archives. In these years, he was concerned mainly with mining geology, geomorphology, superficial deposits, and landslides. This unique experience led him in 1975 to the responsibility of the “Seismo-Tectonic Project”, the BRGM project in relation with the French nuclear power programme. From 1975 to 1984, he gave a substantial impulse to the study of French historical earthquakes, and since then he visited almost every public archive in France, and several major archives and libraries in Europe and abroad. He took care at the same time of the follow-up of macroseismic studies of present-day earthquakes. After he retired in 1984, he continued on a personal basis his investigations of historical earthquakes, in Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, and the Caribbean area. Alongside and for about 50 years, Jean Vogt investigated uninterruptedly the agrarian history of Northeastern France and Southwestern Germany. He published in scientific journals and in local learned societies bulletins more than 500 notes and articles devoted to a variety of subjects, such as soil erosion, agriculture, cattle trade, and social conflicts. Jean Vogt died on 5 June 2005 in Strasbourg. His scientific legacy consists of a wealth of published papers, manuscripts, documentation related to history and seismology, awaiting to be further exploited, as he would have done.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3-16
    Beschreibung: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Jean Vogt ; biography ; historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The recent seismological literature recorded three strong earthquakes in Algeria, Libya and Tunisia between 1656 and 1694 AD. The historical evidence for these derives from European sources only (gazettes, journalistic pamphlets, missionary literature). Considering the kind of sources involved, their likely biases and the geographical distances that divided their places of production from the places that they spoke about, it is possible that some of these accounts could be less than reliable, and therefore have little use as materials from which to assess earthquake parameters. To answer these doubts, we have retrieved, cross-checked and critically analysed the original historical sources quoted in previous compilations and studies.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 163-184
    Beschreibung: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Historical Seismicity ; North Africa Earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In the summer of 1561, a strong seismic sequence struck southern Italy, then the Spanish-ruled Kingdom of Naples. Both the Italian seismological tradition and the latest catalogues locate it in the Vallo di Diano (Diano Valley), a low-seismicity intermontane basin 100 km south-east of Naples. We explore the hypothesis that current perception of the 1561 earthquake is distorted by the nature of the historical dataset from which its parameters have been assessed, and which mostly derive from a single—albeit very detailed—primary source. We present and discuss several previously unconsidered original accounts. Our results cast doubts on the traditional interpretation of the earthquake, which could have been either one Vallo di Diano mainshock or several strong earthquakes within a time/space window compact enough for contemporary viewers to perceive them as one. Unquestionably, there is much more to the 1561 earthquake(s) than previously appeared. We hope that this groundbreaking effort will rekindle the interest of the seismological community in this seismic episode, our knowledge of which is still far from complete.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1054-1077
    Beschreibung: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Hitorical Seismicity ; 1561 Earthquakes ; Active Faults ; Seismotectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Durante la seconda guerra mondiale un tratto della catena appenninica al confine tra Marche, Umbria e Lazio fu interessato da alcuni terremoti moderatamente dannosi, di cui non si trova quasi traccia nei cataloghi parametrici correnti. Il terremoto del 19 dicembre 1941, ben attestato da fonti storiche, non è stato mai registrato da alcun catalogo sismico. Quelli del 16 e 29 gennaio 1943 figuravano nei cataloghi parametrici di prima generazione [Carrozzo et al., 1973; Postpischl, 1985] ma sono scomparsi da quelli più recenti, compilati col metodo del declustering [Camassi e Stucchi, 1998; Gruppo di Lavoro CPTI, 1999-2004]. Il terremoto del 25 marzo 1943 figura nei cataloghi più recenti ma con parametri derivati da una base di dati macrosismici molto ristretta. Durante una ricerca (in corso) sul terremoto di Offida-Castignano del 3 ottobre 1943 sono stati raccolti dati storici che hanno permesso di ricostruire il campo macrosismico di questi terremoti “dispersi”, assegnare le intensità mediante la scala EMS98 e produrre le rispettive stringhe parametriche di sintesi. Questa esperienza ci ricorda che quella dell’incompletezza dei cataloghi sismici è una questione che non riguarda solo i secoli più remoti ma, a volte, anche periodi molto recenti.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-23
    Beschreibung: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): terremoti sconosciuti, cataloghi, seconda guerra mondiale ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: While the seismicity of the Southern Alps is high in the Eastern sector, corresponding to the Veneto and Friuli regions, it decreases towards West up to the Adda River. In the sector between the Lessini Mts. and Eastern Friuli the damaging earthquakes are clustered in a well defined seismic belt, where seismogenic sources responsible for earthquakes with Mw 6 have been defined in recent works. In contrast, the knowledge of the Southalpine sector West of this area is sparser; the area experienced some earthquakes with Mw〉5.5 and varied events with 4.8≤Mw≤5.5 the distribution of which is, apparently, random. For the area roughly defined by the basins of the Adda River to the West and the middle Adige River to the East, this paper reappraises the background knowledge of the earthquakes occurred before 1700. The investigation and the results are presented according to two successive periods, up to 1995 and from 1995 on. In the research performed up to 1995, the most important achievements concerned two different aspects: i) the assessement of several “fake quakes”, some of which were the object of paradigmatic case-histories; ii) the resizing and relocation of several, presumed damaging earthquakes. Though this round of investigation changed significantly the picture of the seismicity with respect to the Seventies, the research continued. For the period from 1995 on, the discussion focuses on the reliability of the available information; material that received little or no consideration before, new historical findings and comments to the seismological interpretation as in the most recent literature are also presented. This part includes also the discussion of archaeoseismological evidence of damage related to past earthquakes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 93-129
    Beschreibung: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): historical seismology ; Adda and Middle Adige River Basins ; Southern Alps ; archaeoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-03
    Beschreibung: The Valtiberina region (central Italy) has a seismic record going back to the Middle Ages and including five Io 〉 VIII MCS earthquakes, the earliest of which (1352, 1389, 1458). though recently and extensively studied, remain rather poorly known. This makes it all the more important to ensure that the later ones (1789, 1917) are as throughly studied as possible. The 1789 earthquake is listed by the current Italian catalogue (CPTI Working Group 2004) with Io VIII-IX MCS and Mm 5.8. These parameters were assessed from a database of 28 macroseismic intensity data points (Castelli et al. 1996), which is less than plentiful for a late 18th century earthquake. An analysis of the historical context of the 1789 earthquake and its influence on the production of contemporary accounts evidences a few research paths that previous studies either did not or could not take. Following them, the macroseismic database of the 1789 earthquake can be noticeably improved, providing the catalogue compiler with a mean to check the reliability of its current parameters.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 249-260
    Beschreibung: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Historical Seismicity ; 1789 Valtiberina Earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 12
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    Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Schlagwort(e): 550 - Earth sciences
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 13
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    Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Schlagwort(e): 550 - Earth sciences
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 14
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-01
    Beschreibung: This paper describes the main features of the Macroseismic Database of Italy 2004, which for the first time put together in a critical way the macroseismic data used for the compilation of the CPTI04 (2004) parametric earthquake catalogue. Data come from varied main datasets: i) DOM4.1 (Monachesi e Stucchi, 1997); ii) CFTI version 2 (Boschi et al., 1997) and, for the time-window 1980-2002, CFTI version 3 (Boschi et al., 2000); iii) Bollettino Macrosismico ING (BMING); iv) Catalogo Macrosismico dei Terremoti Etnei, Azzaro et al. (2000; 2002). In addition, data from recent historical and field investigation were also used. DBMI04 contains 58146 macroseismic observations related to 1041 earthquakes and 14161 localities, 12943 of which in Italy. The input data used for the compilation of DBMI04 were not homogeneous with respect to the use of the intensity scale and, mainly, to geographical reference. One of the main task was the organisation of a reliable geographical reference, based on the previous ENEL-ISTAT catalogue of the Italian localities (ENEL, 1978), which was updated by means of new data. Another task consisted in correcting some mistakes performed when associating the placenames quoted by the historical sources and the geographical reference. Some problems were solved using ad hoc conventions for dealing with observations not expressed in terms of macroseismic intensity. This paper presents the adopted solutions and the results, together with the web-interface through which the database is made available to the public (http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/DBMI04/).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-39
    Beschreibung: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): database ; macrosismico ; terremoti ; storici ; intensità ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 15
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-30
    Beschreibung: This special issue of Journal of Seismology, dedicated to Archaeoseismology, shows the current trends of research in this young branch of seismology. The beginning of modern archaeoseismological practice during the 1980’s and the investigations made during the 1990’s were in many cases conditioned by the lack of cooperation among the spcialists from different scientific diciplines. Numerous publications resulted from the work of archaeologists, in some cases in collaboration with experts in earthquake-geology or seismology, but rarely such work included a complete and multidisciplinary approach and in situ analysis of the evidence. In many cases, archaeoseismological studies were limited to the detection of traces of past earthquakes in archaeological remains without a seismological perspective aiming to derive quantitative parameters necessary to fully describe a past earthquake (magnitude, etc.). In other cases, such investigations were limited to the analysis of archaeological reports of excavations made years or decades earlier. A step towards the quantification of seismological aspects was represented by the “territorial” approach, trying to reconstruct a picture of an earthquake by detecting its signs over a wider region. This procedure was, however, limited by the scarcity and reliability of published or unpublished archaeological material, usually adopted without a critical review.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 393–394
    Beschreibung: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Archaeoseismology, ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 136231 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-03
    Beschreibung: Archaeoseismic research contributes important data on past earthquakes. A limitation of the usefulness of archaeoseismology is due to the lack of continuous discussion about the methodology. The methodological issues are particularly important because archaeoseismological investigations of past earthquakes make use of a large variety of methods. Typical in situ investigations include: (1) reconstruction of the local archaeological stratigraphy aimed at defining the correct position and chronology of a destruction layer, presumably related to an earthquake; (2) analysis of the deformations potentially due to seismic shaking or secondary earthquake effects, detectable on walls; (3) analysis of the depositional characteristics of the collapsed material; (4) investigations of the local geology and geomorphology to define possible natural cause(s) of the destruction; (5) investigations of the local factors affecting the ground motion amplifications; and (6) estimation of the dynamic excitation, which affected the site under investigation. Subsequently, a ‘territorial’ approach testing evidence of synchronous destruction in a certain region may delineate the extent of the area struck by the earthquake. The most reliable results of an archaeoseismological investigation are obtained by application of modern geoarchaeological practice (archaeological stratigraphy plus geological–geomorphological data), with the addition of a geophysicalengineering quantitative approach and (if available) historical information. This gives a basic dataset necessary to perform quantitative analyses which, in turn, corroborate the archaeoseismic hypothesis. Since archaeoseismological investigations can reveal the possible natural causes of destruction at a site, they contribute to the wider field of environmental archaeology, that seeks to define the history of the relationship between humans and the environment. Finally, through the improvement of the knowledge on the past seismicity, these studies can contribute to the regional estimation of seismic hazard.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 395-414
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): archaeoseismology ; historical seismology ; geoarchaeology ; environmental archaeology ; natural catastrophes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 17
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The southernmost sector of the Italian peninsula is crossed by an almost continuous seismogenic belt capable of producing M ~ 7 earthquakes and extending from the Calabrian Arc, through the Messina Straits, as far as Southeastern Sicily. Though large earthquakes occurring in this region during the last Millennium are fairly well known from the historical point of view and seismic catalogues may be considered complete for destructive and badly damaging events (IX £ Io £ XI MCS), the knowledge and seismic completeness of moderate earthquakes can be improved by investigating other kinds of documentary sources not explored by the classical seismological tradition. In this paper, we present a case study explanatory of the problem, regarding the Ionian coast between the Messina Straits and Mount Etna volcano, an area of North-eastern Sicily lacking evidence of relevant seismic activity in historical times. Now, after a systematic analysis of the 18th century journalistic sources (gazettes), this gap can be partly filled by the rediscovery of a seismic sequence that took place in 1780. According to the available catalogues, the only event on record for this year is a minor shock (Io = VI MCS, Mw = 4.8) recorded in Messina on March 28, 1780. The newly discovered data allow to reinstate it as the mainshock (Io = VII–VIII MCS, Mw = 5.6) of a significant seismic period, which went on from March to June 1780, causing severe damage along the Ionian coast of North-eastern Sicily. The source responsible for this event appears located offshore, 40-km south of the previous determination, and is consistent with the Taormina Fault suggested by the geological literature, developing in the low seismic rate zone at the southernmost termination of the 1908 Messina earthquake fault.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Historical seismology ; Macroseismic data ; MCS-EMS intensity scales ; 1780 Seismic sequence ; Seismotectonics ; NE Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 18
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-03
    Beschreibung: The aim of this study is to shed light ontwo important destructive seismicsequences, about 20 years apart (1138–1139and 1156–1159), which hit the northernsector of the Dead Sea transform faultsystem (DSTFS), in the easternMediterranean region. Although some ofthese earthquakes were already known to thescholarly tradition, the interpretationsprovided until today have largely beenpartial and characterised by uncertaintiesand discrepancies among the variousauthors. Our study has developed throughresearch into the original Arabic, Syriac,Armenian and Latin texts and a criticalanalysis relating to a territory fragmentedby the presence of the Christian-Latinstates. This analysis has allowed us toshed light on the already existing, albeitoften uncertain, information and to add newelements of these two important series ofearthquake shocks to our knowledge base.As regards the first seismic sequence(October 1138–June 1139), apart from havingdefined the date with greater accuracy,eight new locations affected have beenidentified, unknown to previous studies.The shocks jolted a vast area withdestructive effects, including theterritory of Aleppo (modern Halab, Syria)and the western part of the region ofEdessa (modern Urfa, Turkey).The second seismic sequence (September1156–May 1159) was much longer anddevastating, and hit a huge area, includedbetween the present-day territories ofnorth-western Syria, northern Lebanon andthe region of Antioch (modern Antakya, insouthern Turkey). A detailed analysis ofthe primary sources has allowed toreconstruct the series of shocks withchronological detail of the effects,improving our previous knowledge. Lastly,the authors formulate an hypothesis as tothe possible seismogenic zones affected.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 105-127
    Beschreibung: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Historical earthquakes ; seismic sequences ; Lebanon ; Syria ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The recent seismological literature recorded three strong earthquakes in Algeria, Libya and Tunisia between 1656 and 1694 AD. The historical evidence for these derives from European sources only (gazettes, journalistic pamphlets, missionary literature). Considering the kind of sources involved, their likely biases and the geographical distances that divided their places of production from the places that they spoke about, it is possible that some of these accounts could be less than reliable, and therefore have little use as materials from which to assess earthquake parameters. To answer these doubts, we have retrieved, cross-checked and critically analysed the original historical sources quoted in previous compilations and studies.
    Beschreibung: Unpublished
    Beschreibung: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Historical Seismology ; North Africa Earthquakes ; Early journalistic sources ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 20
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Schlagwort(e): 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 21
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Schlagwort(e): 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 22
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Schlagwort(e): 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-05
    Beschreibung: In this paper, we re-evaluate the damage area of the 14 August 1708 Manosque earthquake, Southeast France. It is the strongest event (Io = VIII MSK) of a seismic sequence that lasted from March to October 1708. We show that the spatial repartition of the damage that can be proposed based on the existing sources, is clearly biased by the abundant narrative information concerning Manosque. This sparseness in the information can be attributed to differences in communication routes or strategies between the different localities, and affects the global perception of the event, especially in the rural area. To tackle this bias, we propose to inventory the building repairs reported in non-narrative sources in order to capture the effects of the Manosque earthquake in the surrounding region. The debates and accounts (between mid-1708 and 1710) show that moderate to heavy repairs consistently affect localities in the epicentral area, covering a region of at least 12 km radius around Manosque. These building repairs, indirectly attesting to earthquake damage, provide valuable and complementary information, which resulted in a better knowledge of this event. In particular, we propose new intensity estimates (I 〉VI) at six localities.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical earthquakes ; non-narrativesources ; damage area ; building repairs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 24
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-18
    Beschreibung: As regards the 1930 Irpinia earthquake a detailed research both on the institutional response to the seismic event in Vulture area and reconstruction of the damage scenario for the town of Melfi has been performed. This study was carried out by an analysis of coeval dossiers drawn up by the Special Office of Civil Engineers, which was set up after the earthquake. The research brought to light the typologies and the modalities of the institutional actions taken during the post-seismic period. In general, these territorial interventions had a notable effect on urban systems, especially those involving both the partial shifting of urban areas and the construction of earthquake-proof buildings. The research also identified the damage pattern in Melfi by a deeper study on about 2400 archive files. A preliminary analysis of the damage pattern indicates probable seismic amplification phenomena due to the lithological and geomorphological features of the site. Moreover, the analysis of time-dependent activities of reconstruction has shown that almost all the buildings of the town (90%) were repaired or reconstructed within five years after the seismic disaster.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical seismology ; damage scenario ; 1930 Irpinia earthquake ; seismic amplification ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 25
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-25
    Beschreibung: This work presents a summary on the development of studies of historical earthquakes in Armenia and adjacent parts of Turkey and Iran. Since ancient times, this region has been an arena where active geodynamic and seismic history intermingled with no less active and dynamic evolution of human cultures and societies. A long-term historical record in this region beginning as early as the 8th century B.C. provides abundant evidence that can make an inestimable contribution to studies of historical seismicity and volcanism in the area. We discuss the main research methodology and sources used, and dwell on the principal catalogues of historical earthquakes compiled to date.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical seismicity ; volcanism ; catalogue ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: The historical sources of large and moderate earthquakes, earthquake catalogues and monographs exist in many depositories in Syria and European centers. They have been studied, and the detailed review and analysis resulted in a catalogue with 181 historical earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D. Numerous original documents in Arabic, Latin, Byzantine and Assyrian allowed us to identify seismic events not mentioned in previous works. In particular, detailed descriptions of damage in Arabic sources provided quantitative information necessary to re-evaluate past seismic events. These large earthquakes (I0〉VIII) caused considerable damage in cities, towns and villages located along the northern section of the Dead Sea fault system. Fewer large events also occurred along the Palmyra, Ar-Rassafeh and the Euphrates faults in Eastern Syria. Descriptions in original sources document foreshocks, aftershocks, fault ruptures, liquefaction, landslides, tsunamis, fires and other damages. We present here an updated historical catalogue of 181 historical earthquakes distributed in 4 categories regarding the originality and other considerations, we also present a table of the parametric catalogue of 36 historical earthquakes (table I) and a table of the complete list of all historical earthquakes (181 events) with the affected locality names and parameters of information quality and completeness (table II) using methods already applied in other regions (Italy, England, Iran, Russia) with a completeness test using EMS-92. This test suggests that the catalogue is relatively complete for magnitudes 〉6.5. This catalogue may contribute to a comprehensive and unified parametric earthquake catalogue and to a realistic assessment of seismic hazards in Syria and surrounding regions.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical earthquakes ; historical sources ; seismic hazards ; Dead Sea fault system ; Eastern Mediterranean ; Lebanon ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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  • 27
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: In principle, a few of the strong earthquakes (I0 〉= 8/9, M 〉= 5.8) that affected Italy in the past may still be missing from parametric catalogues or be listed there as lesser events, their actual strength unrealized. This seems a reasonable enough inference, given that some strong earthquakes were listed by catalogues quite by chance, from information drawn, mainly or even solely, from a single source. Had this source been destroyed before catalogue compilers were able to consider it, or had they for any reason overlooked it, the earthquake it recorded could also have been missed or underestimated. This paper examines the two most peculiar Italian cases of «single- source earthquakes» (1561 «Vallo di Diano?»; 1639 «Amatrice?»). Is all relevant information on each event really tied up in a single source? And if so, why? Finally, are these cases unique or do they share any common features that could, by occurring elsewhere, act as markers for situations where forgotten earthquakes could still lurk undetected?
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical seismology ; earthquake catalogue completeness ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 28
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: Historical studies of earthquakes in Australia using information dating back to 1788 have been comprehensive, if not exhaustive. Newspapers have been the main source of historical earthquake studies. A brief review is given here with an introduction to the pre-European aboriginal dreamtime information. Some of the anecdotal information of the last two centuries has been compiled as isoseismal maps. Relationships between isoseismal radii and magnitude have been established using post-instrumental data allowing magnitudes to be assigned to the pre-instrumental data, which can then be incorporated into the national earthquake database. The studies have contributed to hazard analyses for the building codes and stimulated research into microzonation and paleo-seismology.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical earthquakes ; Australia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 29
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: The assessment of the completeness of historical earthquake data (such as, for instance, parametric earthquake catalogues) has usually been approached in seismology - and mainly in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment(PSHA) - by means of statistical procedures. Such procedures look «inside» the data set under investigation and compare it to seismicity models, which often require more or less explicitly that seismicity is stationary. They usually end up determining times (Ti), from which on the data set is considered as complete above a given magnitude (Mi); the part of the data set before Ti is considered as incomplete and, for that reason, not suitable for statistical analysis. As a consequence, significant portions of historical data sets are not used for PSHA. Dealing with historical data sets - which are incomplete by nature, although this does not mean that they are of low value - it seems more appropriate to estimate «how much incomplete» the data sets can be and to use them together with such estimates. In other words, it seems more appropriate to assess the completeness looking «outside » the data sets; that is, investigating the way historical records have been produced, preserved and retrieved. This paper presents the results of investigation carried out in Italy, according to historical methods. First, the completeness of eighteen site seismic histories has been investigated; then, from those results, the completeness of areal portions of the catalogue has been assessed and compared with similar results obtained by statistical methods. Finally, the impact of these results on PSHA is described.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): completeness ; historical earthquakes ; seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 30
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    INGV
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: Japan's combination of high seismicity and a long history has produced copious written records of historical earthquakes. Systematic collection and investigation of such historical documents began late in the 19th century. Now, almost all of Japan's known historical materials on earthquakes have been transcribed into 25 printed volumes. The collections include records of about 400 destructive earthquakes from A.D. 599 to 1872. Epicentral coordinates and magnitudes have been estimated for about half these events and details of earthquake and tsunami disasters have been summarized in catalogues. The space-time pattern of great Tokai and Nankai earthquakes is a good example of revealed earthquake history. The existing collections of historical sources, however, contain low-quality records that produce errors and fictitious (fake) earthquakes, and are difficult of full utilization because of volumes. Moreover, there are peculiar problems to Japan's historical times such as calendar and time of day. Systematic ways of estimating seismic intensities, epicenters, focal depths and magnitudes have not yet been established. Therefore, historical earthquake catalogues are yet incomplete. Constructing a reliable database of the whole historical documents in collaboration with historians to give wide-ranging researchers easy and full utilization of old earthquake records is urgent task. Revision of earthquake catalogues and construction of a seismic intensity database with international standard are also necessary.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical seismology ; historicaldocuments ; earthquake catalogue ; database ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 31
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: Earthquakes before A.D. 1800 along the Southern Kuril trench, although before the start of written history on nearby islands, probably account for some of the earthquakes noted by local records in Honshu, hundreds of kilometers to the southwest. Earthquake historians have identified about 4800 felt earthquakes in Edo (present Tokyo) and about 3000 felt reports in selected local government records in Tohoku, northern Honshu, for the years A.D. 1656-1867. On the average, 19 earthquakes per year were felt in Edo. Of the Tohoku records, 361 (an average nearly 2 per year) were felt at multiple Tohoku locations; 95 of these (0.4 per year) were also felt in Edo. Since 1926, Tokyo has had a yearly average of 15 felt earthquakes with seismic intensity 2 or more on the Japan Meteorological Agency scale (corresponding to III or more on Modified Mercalli scale). For Tohoku the average annual frequency is about 4. Among them, an average of 0.6 events per year also reached intensity 2 in Tokyo. About one quarter of these events occurred in the southern Kuril trench. If the seismicity is temporally constant, about 80 of the earthquakes recorded in 1656-1867 probably had a Kuril origin.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical earthquakes ; seismic intensity ; seismicity ; Kuril subduction zone ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 32
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: This paper presents an overview of the advancement in our knowledge of California's earthquake history since ~ 1800, and especially during the last 30 years. We first review the basic statewide research on earthquake occurrences that was published from 1928 through 2002, to show how the current catalogs and their levels of completeness have evolved with time. Then we review some of the significant new results in specific regions of California, and some of what remains to be done. Since 1850, 167 potentially damaging earthquakes of M ~ 6 or larger have been identified in California and its border regions, indicating an average rate of 1.1 such events per year. Table I lists the earthquakes of M ~ 6 to 6.5 that were also destructive since 1812 in California and its border regions, indicating an average rate of one such event every ~ 5 years. Many of these occurred before 1932 when epicenters and magnitudes started to be determined routinely using seismographs in California. The number of these early earthquakes is probably incomplete in sparsely populated remote parts of California before ~ 1870. For example, 6 of the 7 pre-1873 events in table I are of M = 7, suggesting that other earthquakes of M 6.5 to 6.9 occurred but were not properly identified, or were not destructive. The epicenters and magnitudes (M) of the pre-instrumental earthquakes were determined from isoseismal maps that were based on the Modified Mercalli Intensity of shaking (MMI) at the communities that reported feeling the earthquakes. The epicenters were estimated to be in the regions of most intense shaking, and values of M were estimated from the extent of the areas shaken at various MMI levels. MMI VII or greater shaking is the threshold of damage to weak buildings. Certain areas in the regions of Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Eureka were each shaken repeatedly at MMI VII or greater at least six times since ~ 1812, as depicted by Toppozada and Branum (2002, fig. 19).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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  • 33
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: This paper is a comparative study of the three strongest 19th century earthquakes in Mexico and their effects and impact mainly in Mexico City. The research is based on historical sources and previous investigations already published for two of the seismic events (8 March 1800 and 19 June 1858), with newly retrieved and analysed data for the 7 April 1845 earthquake. Primary and secondary sources include reports on damage to city buildings, streets and neighbourhoods and allowed a detailed analysis of the national and local effects, impacts and responses to each of the three earthquakes, whose comparison allows a better understanding of specific aspects related to the investigation of historical earthquakes in Mexico.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): earthquakes ; Mexico City ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 34
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: For the past two millennia the Holy Land was under the yoke of successive invaders and oppressors, not a fertile ground for growth of historiographic traditions. Consequently, earthquake cataloguers had to rely largely on chronicles and texts written at distant administrative and cultural centers of the day, where earthquake destruction suffered by a culturally and economically depressed province may have been overshadowed by damage in more important parts of the empire. On this assumption, and aided by an implicit notion that the lands bounded by the Dead Sea Rift and Anatolian Fault systems are seismically contiguous, early cataloguers often extended the impact of earthquakes documented in nearby East Mediterranean countries to the Holy Land. Once published, such reports of supposed destructive intensities in Israel were used by Judaic scholars and archaeologists to date poorly defined, often metaphoric, literary seismic echoes, and to justify assigning seismic origin to equivocal signs of damage, asymmetry, or abandonment at archaeological sites of corresponding age. The spread of damage and intensity portraits are therefore enhanced and distorted, and so is their application in palaeoseismic analysis. Four test cases are presented, illustrating the use and misuse of local Judaic sources in identifying destructive intensities supposedly generated in the Holy Land by earthquakes of 92 B.C., 64 B.C. and 31 B.C., and in postulating a regional seismic catastrophe in 749 A.D..
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical seismology ; paleoseismology ; Dead Sea Rift ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 35
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: The Dead Sea Fault and its junction with the southern segment of the East Anatolian fault zone, despite their high tectonic activity have been relatively quiescent in the last two centuries. Historical evidence, however, shows that in the 12th century these faults ruptured producing the large earthquakes of 1114, 1138, 1157 and 1170. This paroxysm occurred during one of the best-documented periods for which we have both Occidental and Arab chronicles, and shows that the activity of the 20th century, which is low, is definitely not a reliable guide to the activity over a longer period. The article is written for this Workshop Proceedings with the archaeoseismologist, and in particular with the seismophile historian in mind. It aims primarily at putting on record what is known about the seismicity of the region in the 12th century, describe the problems associated with the interpretation of macroseismic data, their limitations and misuse, and assess their completeness, rather than answer in detail questions regarding the tectonics and seismic hazard of the region, which will be dealt with elsewhere on a regional basis.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Middle East ; 12th century ; historical earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 36
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    INGV
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: This paper considers the seismicity of Southern Scotland and Northern England up to the year 1750. This area was formerly a border area between two states that eventually became politically united. Much of the area is uplands, and the seismicity is moderate to low. This makes for some problems in studying historical seismicity, yet the area provides a number of case studies of general interest in the field of historical seismology, including a rare case of being able to track down a «missing» earthquake.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical earthquakes ; British seismicity ; border seismicity ; England ; Scotland ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 37
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: The history of earthquakes in South America starts with the coming of the Spanish and Portuguese «conquistadores» at the beginning of the 16th century. Their chronicles, and those of local historians, are the only source of earthquake information for the following 400 years. The creation of the Regional Centre for Seismology for South America (CERESIS) was a major factor for homogenous regional progress, in that CERESIS promoted the implementation of the first unified earthquake catalogue and database for the whole Andean Region. This paper reviews basic information about the intensity database and the focal parameter catalogues proposed by CERESIS in 1985. Further macroseismic data available from the CERESIS database (earthquakes with I0 = 8) are used to obtain preliminary results for the earthquake source parameters of selected South American historical events. The case of the Great Earthquake of the Venezuelan Andes, 29 April 1894, is presented in some detail.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical seismicity ; CERESIS database ; South America ; intensity data points ; earthquakesource parameters ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 38
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: As a result of the relative motion of the African and European plates, Libya, located at the north central margin of the African continent, has experienced a considerable intraplate tectonism, particularly in its northern coastal regions. If the seismic activity of the last fifty years, at most, is known from instrumental recording, macroseismic effects of those earthquakes which affected Libya in the past centuries are still imperfectly known. To try and partly overcome this lack of information, in this contribution we present a short introduction to historical earthquakes in Libya, focusing on the period up to 1935. According to the studies published in the last twenty years, the earliest records of earthquakes in Libya are documented in the Roman period (3rd and 4th century A.D.). There is a gap in information along the Middle and Modern Ages, while the 19th and early 20th century evidence is concentrated on effects in Tripoli, in the western part of nowadays Libya. The Hun Graben area (western part of the Gulf of Sirt) has been identified as the location of many earthquakes affecting Libya, and it is in this area that the 19 April 1935 earthquake (Mw = 7.1) struck, followed by many aftershocks. Further investigations are needed, and some hints are here given at historical sources potentially reporting on earthquake effects in Libya. Their investigation could result in the needed improvement to lay the foundations of a database and a catalogue of the historical seismicity of Libya.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical seismicity ; Libya ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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  • 39
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: New Zealands tectonic setting, astride an obliquely convergent tectonic boundary, means that it has experienced many large earthquakes in its 200-year written historical records. The task of identifying and studying the largest early instrumental and pre-instrumental earthquakes, as well as identifying the smaller events, is being actively pursued in order to reduce gaps in knowledge and to ensure as complete and comprehensive a catalogue as is possible. The task of quantifying historical earthquake locations and magnitudes is made difficult by several factors. These include the range of possible earthquake focal depths, and the sparse, temporally- and spatially-variable historical population distribution which affects the availability of felt intensity information, and hence, the completeness levels of the catalogue. This paper overviews the procedures and tools used in the analysis, parameterisation, and recording of historical New Zealand earthquakes, with examples from recently studied historical events. In particular, the 1855 M 8+ Wairarapa earthquake is discussed, as well as its importance for the eminent 19th century British geologist, Sir Charles Lyell, and for future global understanding of the connection between large earthquakes and sudden uplift, tilting and faulting on a regional scale.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): seismicity ; historicalearthquake ; earthquake catalogue ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
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  • 40
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-14
    Beschreibung: We review historical earthquake research in Northern Europe. 'Historical' is defined as being identical with seismic events occurring in the pre-instrumental and early instrumental periods between 1073 and the mid-1960s. The first seismographs in this region were installed in Uppsala, Sweden and Bergen, Norway in 1904-1905, but these mechanical pendulum instruments were broad band and amplification factors were modest at around 500. Until the 1960s few modern short period electromagnetic seismographs were deployed. Scientific earthquake studies in this region began during the first decades of the 1800s, while the systematic use of macroseismic questionnaires commenced at the end of that century. Basic research efforts have vigorously been pursued from the 1970s onwards because of the mandatory seismic risk studies for commissioning nuclear power plants in Sweden, Finland, NW Russia, Kola and installations of huge oil platforms in the North Sea. The most comprehensive earthquake database currently available for Northern Europe is the FENCAT catalogue covering about six centuries and representing the accumulation of work conducted by many scientists during the last 200 years. This catalogue is given in parametric form, while original macroseismic observations and intensity maps for the largest earthquakes can be found in various national publications, often in local languages. No database giving intensity data points exists in computerized form for the region. The FENCAT catalogue still contains some spurious events of various kinds but more serious are some recent claims that some of the presumed largest historical earthquakes have been assigned too large magnitude values, which would have implications for earthquake hazard levels implemented in national building codes. We discuss future cooperative measures such as establishing macroseismic data archives as a means for promoting further research on historical earthquakes in Northern Europe.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 41
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    INGV
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: To evaluate the completeness of modern knowledge on historical seismicity it is necessary to know the general geopolitical and socio-cultural background in the country. It determines the possibility to record the evidence of an earthquake and conserve the record in original form for a long time-period. The potential duration of historical earthquake study in Russia is assessed based on these considerations. Certain stages of earthquake study in Russia have been detected. Specific problems of seismicity studies of low active areas are discussed as an example of Russian platform. The value of each (even moderate magnitude) event becomes crucial for seismic hazard assessment in such territories. A correct identification of event nature (tectonic earthquake or exogenous phenomena - landslides, karsts, etc.) is practically impossible without using primary sources with detailed descriptions. Occurrence of modern earthquakes can be used to assess the accuracy of historical seismicity knowledge.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): earthquakes ; historical seismicity ; evaluation of completeness and accuracy of knowledgeon seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 42
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: The record of earthquakes in India is patchy prior to 1800 and its improvement is much impeded by its dispersal in a dozen local languages, and several colonial archives. Although geological studies will necessarily complement the historical record, only two earthquakes of the dozens of known historical events have resulted in surface ruptures, and it is likely that geological data in the form of liquefaction features will be needed to extend the historical record beyond the most recent few centuries. Damage from large Himalayan earthquakes recorded in Tibet and in Northern India suggests that earthquakes may attain M = 8.2. Seismic gaps along two-thirds of the Himalaya that have developed in the past five centuries, when combined with geodetic convergence rates of approximately 1.8 m/cy, suggests that one or more M = 8 earthquakes may be overdue. The mechanisms of recent earthquakes in Peninsular India are consistent with stresses induced in the Indian plate flexed by its collision with Tibet. A region of abnormally high seismicity in western India appears to be caused by local convergence across the Rann of Kachchh and possibly other rift zones of India. Since the plate itself deforms little, this deformation may be related to incipient plate fragmentation in Sindh or over a larger region of NW India.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): earthquakes ; history ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 43
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: This paper deals with non-instrumental seismology development in Bulgaria (the central-eastern part of the Balkan peninsula). The first steps and products of this scientific branch are discussed because they have traced the road of present-day historical seismology in this country. The sources of information on long-term seismicity are critically reviewed. Some recent studies, which contribute to an improvement of the supporting data sets, are also discussed. A special emphasis is laid on the rules adopted to solve different cases as well as on the aspects, by which our understanding of the seismogenesis throughout the present-day Bulgarian lands has been enhanced.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): macroseismology ; bulletins and catalogues ; supporting data set ; site seismic histories ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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  • 44
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: Focusing on the Eastern Adriatic region, from Zadar in the north to Corfu in the south, the background information supporting our knowledge of the seismicity in the time-span 14th to early 19th century is discussed from the point of view of the historical earthquake records. The late 19th century seismological compilations turn out to be those responsible for the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of seismicity suggested by current parametric earthquake catalogues. This awareness asked for a comprehensive reappraisal of the reliability and completeness of the available historical earthquake records. This task was addressed by retrieving in the original version the information already known, by putting the records in the historical context in which they were produced, and finally by sampling historical sources so far not considered. Selected case histories have been presented in some detail also. This material altogether has shown that i) current parameterisation of past earthquakes in the Eastern Adriatic should be reconsidered in the light of a critically revised interpretation of the available records; ii) collecting new evidence in sources and repositories, not fully exploited so far, is needed. This should aim mostly at overcoming another limitation affecting the evaluation of full sets of earthquake parameters, that is the few observations available for each earthquake. In this perspective, an optimistic assessment of the potential documentation on this area is proposed.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical earthquakes ; Eastern Adriatic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 45
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    Unbekannt
    INGV
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: A complete survey of historical earthquake investigation in Italy cannot be compressed into a few pages, since it would entail making a summary of widely different phases of research (performed by past scholars and by contemporary scientists and historians) and taking into account the widely different historical contexts, methodological assumptions and critical awareness of each of them. This short note only purposes to chart the main stages of the progress made by Italian historical seismology, from the late 17th century compilation by Bonito(1691) up to the latest parametric catalogue (Working Group CPTI, 1999).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical seismology ; earthquake catalogue ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 46
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: The 346 A.D. earthquake is known through sparse historical sources. It is mentioned by Hyeronimus as felt in Rome and responsible for damage in the ancient Campania Province. Four epigraphs report the earthquake as the cause for the restorations of buildings at Aesernia-Isernia, Allifae-Alife, Telesia-Telese and Saepinum-Sepino. On this basis, an area possibly struck by the earthquake was already defined in the literature. Another seventeen epigraphs mentioning restoration or re-building of edifices in localities of central-southern Italy (without explicitly referring to the earthquake as the cause of the damage) are possibly related to the earthquake effects. We tried to enhance our knowledge on the 346 earthquake through archaeoseismological analyses. The investigation has benefited from specific fieldwork during archaeological excavations and a critical review of the available archaeological literature. However, a correct archaeoseismological interpretation is hindered by the occurrence of two earthquakes (346 and 375 A.D.) in a short time span and in adjacent areas (whose effects may be archaeo-chronologically undistinguishable) and the not always univocal evidence of the seismic origin of the detected collapses or restoration of structures. For this reason we propose a representation of the 346 A.D. effects through two extreme pictures: 1) the localities for which conclusive data on the earthquake effects are available and 2) the data of point 1 plus the localities for which archaeoseismological data consistent with the earthquake are available. The latter view defines an area of possible damage related to the 346 event larger than that previously known. In particular, the earthquake damage may result from a seismic sequence similar to that, which struck a part of the central and the southern Apennines in 1456, or from an event comparable to that which occurred in 1805, responsible for widespread damage in the northern sector of the southern Apennines.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): archaeoseismology ; 346 A.D. earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-11-29
    Beschreibung: The general purpose of the present paper is to summarize the state-of-the-art of historical earthquake knowledge and research in the Iberian Peninsula, giving an account of the main references, the historical developments and the present situation of earthquake catalogues. The most representative historical works for compiling earthquake data (catalogues) up to 1985 are referred together with those of more recent investigations carried out in Spain and Portugal for the period 1985-2003. Existing databases on historical seismicity are presented, mentioning the most important achievements in relation to quality of information.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical seismicity ; catalogues ; macroseismic data ; earthquake database ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 48
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    Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Schlagwort(e): 550 - Earth sciences
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 49
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Schlagwort(e): 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 50
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    Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Schlagwort(e): 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 51
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    Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Schlagwort(e): 550 - Earth sciences
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 52
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Beschreibung: In Südostalaska wird eine relative Meeresspiegelabsenkung von bis zu 4 cm/ a beobachtet. Da dieses Gebiet während der letzten Kaltperiode durch das Kordillerische Eisschild bedeckt war und noch heute von Vergletscherung geprägt ist, liegt die Vermutung nahe, daß die Meeresspiegeländerungen zumindest teilweise durch isostatische Ausgleichsvorgänge hervorgerufen werden. Um diese Hypothese zu prüfen, werden für dieses Gebiet eislastinduzierte Vertikalbewegungen und Geoidänderungen mit Hilfe viskoelastischer Erdmodelle berechnet. Insbesondere werden sechs siebenschichtige Erdmodelle verwendet, die unterschiedliche Viskostitätsprofile berücksichtigen und die Bandbreite der plausiblen Lithosphärenmächtigkeiten abdecken. Das globale Lastmodell ICE-3G wird erweitert und das regionale Lastmodell AL-1 entwickelt, welches die rezente Vergletscherung Südostalaskas berücksichtigt. Weiterhin werden die Ozeane als Last einbezogen. Ein Vergleich der berechneten mit den beobachteten Meeresspiegeländerungen zeigt, daß die Beobachtungen nur zu einen geringen Anteil von wenigen Millimetern pro Jahr durch Isostasie erklärt werden können.
    Schlagwort(e): 550 - Earth sciences
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 95 (2000), S. 97-103 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): butterfly ; Formicidae ; food ; growth ; mutualism ; myrmecophily ; parasitism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Caterpillars of the lycaenid butterfly Maculinea rebeli Hirschke (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) live for 11–23 months as social parasites in Myrmica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) red ant nests, a trait that is believed to have evolved from mutualistic myrmecophilous ancestry. Although Maculinea rebeli caterpillars harm Myrmica larvae, they simultaneously produce copious secretions which the adult worker ants imbibe, perhaps representing a vestige of the ancestral mutualism. We report the results of laboratory experiments designed to test alternative hypotheses: (i) Maculinea rebeli caterpillars provide a beneficial source of sugar in return for being tended by Myrmicaworkers; (ii) Maculinea rebeli harms its host by stressing the workers by competing for available sugar. Comparisons were made of Myrmica worker fitness after 90–450 days under all possible combinations of three experimental treatments: ± M. rebeli caterpillars, ± sucrose and ± ant brood. Caterpillars always reduced the survival of both ant workers and their larvae, even when sugar was not provided, suggesting that M. rebeli is wholly parasitic on all stages in its host colony. The results also confirmed the importance of sucrose in the diet of Myrmica, and showed that M. rebeli caterpillars which eat ant brood to supplement their normal trophallactic feeding by workers develop more quickly - but have the same survival and pupal weights – as caterpillars that are fed solely by worker ants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 54
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Schlagwort(e): aluminum oxide ; hydroxyl groups ; rhodium ; growth ; scanning tunneling microscopy ; infrared spectroscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In order to investigate how the presence of surface hydroxyl groups on oxide surfaces affects the interaction with the supported metal, we have modified a well-ordered alumina film on NiAl(110) by Al deposition and subsequent exposure to water. This procedure yields a hydroxylated alumina surface as revealed by infrared and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy, we have studied the growth of rhodium on the modified film at 300 K. Clear differences in the particle distribution and density are observed in comparison to the clean substrate. While, in the latter case, decoration of domain boundaries as typical defects of the oxide film governs the growth mode, a more isotropic island distribution and a drastically increased particle density is found on the hydroxylated surface. From infrared data, it can be deduced that the growth is connected with the consumption of the hydroxyl groups due to the interaction between the metal deposit and the hydroxylated areas. This finding is in line with photoemission results published earlier.
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Small business economics 14 (2000), S. 195-210 
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; manufacturing ; performance ; product innovation ; small firms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The paper considers the relative performance [along a number of parameters] of a sample of 228 small manufacturing firms categorised by level of innovation. Whilst innovators appear no more likely to have experienced some form of sales or employment growth, they are significantly more likely to have grown more. In other words, the innovators' growth rate distributions are highly negatively skewed. With regards to export intensities, profitability and productivity levels, the findings are less clear. On the whole, the results reported here are similar to those of other small firm studies, yet vary markedly from large firm equivalents; suggesting that the nature of the returns to innovation may be contingent, at least in part, upon firm size. Moreover, the high levels of variation in firm performance should caution us against proffering innovative imperatives. If we are to counsel firms to "innovate at all costs", we must be clear about, and clearly demonstrate, the nature of the returns they may reasonably expect and the processes through which these may be optimised.
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 13 (2000), S. 403-424 
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Schlagwort(e): JEL classification: O41 ; F22 ; Key words: Altruism ; education ; growth ; convergence ; capital mobility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract. The aim of this paper is to discuss the process of regional convergence within the framework of an overlapping generations model in which the engine of growth is the accumulation of human capital. In particular, we consider different education funding systems and compare their performance in terms of growth rates and pace of convergence between two heterogeneous regions. The analysis suggests that the choice of a particular education system incorporates a possible trade-off between long run growth rate and short run convergence. In such choice, the initial capital stock and the extent of regional human capital discrepancy appear as central variables.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 1570-0267
    Schlagwort(e): cDNA ; PCR cDNA ; TaqMan Analysis ; gene expression ; Pearson's correlation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Comparative gene expression studies are often limited by low availability of tissue and poor quality of extractable mRNA. Collective PCR amplification of minute quantities of mRNA has great potential for overcoming these limitations. However, there remains significant concern about the effects of amplification on the absolute and relative abundance of individual mRNAs that could complicate subsequent gene expression studies. To address this problem, we systematically compared the relative abundance of many specific mRNAs from complex cDNA preparations (from tissue and cultured cells) both before and after amplification by PCR. Our results demonstrated that, as expected, the absolute abundance of different mRNAs in a cDNA library is altered in an unpredictable manner by PCR amplification. However, we found that the concentration ratios of specific mRNAs among different cDNA preparations were routinely well conserved after PCR amplification. Thus, for the purpose of comparative expression studies for specific mRNAs in two (or more) complex cDNAs, PCR-amplified cDNA is equally useful as unamplified cDNA. These results provide a rigorous experimental validation and offer a theoretical treatment to support the utility of PCR amplified cDNA for differential gene expression studies. We conclude that the inherent difficulties in performing differential screening studies such as gene chip and array analyses on limited amounts of biological materials can be overcome by a PCR amplification step without compromising data quality.
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Ecological research 15 (2000), S. 101-106 
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Schlagwort(e): comparative ecology ; growth ; marine fish ; patterns ; reproduction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A number of strong regularities characterize certain very basic biological parameters in marine fishes. For example, the ovulated eggs of fish usually measure approximately 1 mm in diameter. The small, relatively uniform size of the eggs means that almost all fish larvae experience environmental variability at very similar scales, which itself establishes strong constraints for, and links between reproduction and recruitment. Additional constraints emerge from seawater being a poor medium for respiration, which establishes further linkages between growth and mortality. These constraints have produced strongly convergent features, and thence the patterns in reproduction and growth of marine fishes that are presented.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): body composition ; catfish (Mystus nemurus) ; feeding rate ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A 10 week experiment was conducted to determine theeffects of feeding rate on growth, feed utilizationand body composition of the tropical bagrid catfish,Mystus nemurus. Catfish fingerlings with anaverage initial body weight of 12 g were fed apractical diet (36.2% protein, 16.5 kJ/g diet) atrates of 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 or 5% of their bodyweight (BW) per day in two equal meals. Watertemperature was approximately 29 °C throughoutthe experiment. Percent weight gain increased almostlinearly with increasing feeding rates up to 2.5%BW/day beyond which no significant (P 〉 0.05)improvement in weight gain was observed. The specificgrowth rate of catfish fed rations of 1% BW/day was0.72%/day and this increased significantly to anaverage of 1.39%/day for catfish fed 2.5% BW/day andbeyond. Feed utilization did not differ significantly(P 〉 0.05) between fish fed 1.0 to 2.5%BW/day but decreased when rations were increased to3.0% BW/day and above. Feed efficiency ratio was0.79 for catfish fed 1.0% BW/day compared to a ratioof 0.27 for fish fed at 5% BW/day. Catfish fed 1.0%BW/day had the lowest condition factor, hepato- andviscerosomatic indices, but the highest carcass tobody weight ratio. These fish also had lowerproportions of whole body dry matter, lipid andprotein, carcass dry matter and lipid, and visceraldry matter and lipid than fish in other groups. Therewere no significant differences in either conditionindices or relative body composition of fish fedrations of 2.0 to 5.0% BW/day. Based on the growth,feed efficiency and body composition data obtained, afeeding rate of 2.5% BW per day is recommended forM. nemurus fingerlings raised at 29 °C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 8 (2000), S. 531-542 
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): feed intake ; growth ; protein utilisation ; proximate ; composition ; rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss grew from 44 to 326 g in 96days when held at ∼12 °C. Fish were fed to satiation twice dailywith either high (L1: 30.8%, L2:31.4%) or lower-lipid feeds (C1: 18.8%,C2: 21.8%). Four feeding treatments were studied.Group C1C2 received feed C1 for 43 days(days 0–43) and C2 thereafter (days 44–96).Groups L1L2, L1C2 andC1L2 were subjected to dietary changes asindicated by the feed designations. After a short period of feedadaptation, fish ingested similar amounts of feed energy i.e., they ateless by weight of the lipid-rich (L) feeds. Feed lipid content did notaffect growth but fish fed L-feed had reduced feed conversion ratio(FCR) compared to fish fed C-feed (0.731 vs. 0.773) during days0–43 (P 〈 0.01). After 96 days,L1L2-fish were lower in body protein(15.8%) than the C1C2-fish (16.8%)(P 〈 0.01). L-feeds also tended to increase percentage lipidand reduce percentage whole body moisture and ash. A higher net proteinutilisation (NPU) was recorded in fish fed L-feeds (43.6%)compared to fish fed C-feeds (38.8%) in days 0–43(P 〈 0.05). This seemed to be the result of a lower proteinintake rather than a protein-sparing effect of feed lipid. Above athreshold value of approximately 6.5 mg protein eaten·g bodywtminus 1·day−1, NPU decreased.
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 8 (2000), S. 543-549 
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): aggression ; Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) ; dominance ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Aggression in groups of 0+ Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was monitoredat weekly intervals in two tanks containing 100 fish each. Three 1 + salmonparr were added to one of these. After 5 weeks, fish weights were measuredin both tanks and the conditions reversed. At ten weeks, weights of fish inboth tanks were measured again. In both populations, levels of aggressionamong the smaller fish were significantly lower and growth ratessignificantly higher when the large fish were present. Although the largefish attacked the small ones, the rate at which they did so was an order ofmagnitude lower that the rate at which small fish attacked each other in theabsence of larger conspecifics. This raises the possibility that levels ofaggression among farmed salmon might be reduced by the addition of a fewlarge conspecifics.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): myosin heavy chain ; gene expression ; hypertrophy ; dexamethasone ; promoter function
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Cardiac hypertrophy has been observed in newborn infants treated with dexamethasone (DEX). This study was undertaken to examine whether DEX-induced hypertrophy in newborn rats is associated with redistribution of cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and if so, the effects involve transcriptional regulation. Newborn rats were injected with either DEX (1 mg/kg/day; s.c.) or equivalent volume normal saline for 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 days. Hypertrophy was quantified by heart dry/wet wt ratios, heart/body wt ratios, and total protein content of the myocardium. Changes in the expression of cardiac MHC mRNA were characterized by northern blot and slot blot analyses, using isoform specific probes for a- and β-MHC genes. DEX effect on α-MHC gene transcription was analyzed by transiently transfecting various α-MHC promoter/CAT reporter constructs into primary cultures of cardiac myocytes derived from one day old rat pups. DEX administration into newborn rats produced significant cardiac hypertrophy ranging from 23% at day 1 to 59% at 9 days. The hypertrophy was accompanied by immediate increase (83%) in steady state level of the α-MHC mRNA within one day and a maximum increase (148%) at 7 days of treatment. The steady state level of β-MHC mRNA declined by 25% at day 1 and a maximum decrease of 54% at day 7 of DEX treatment. The changes in MHC mRNA were also reflected in their protein levels as determined by V1 and V3 isozyme analysis. DEX treatment of primary cultures of cardiomyocytes following transfection with a-MHC promoter/CAT reporter constructs resulted in increased CAT expression in a dose dependent manner. The minimum α-MHC gene sequences responding to DEX treatment were located between the -200 to -74-bp region of the gene, resulting in 2-fold and 6-fold activation of CAT reporter after 0.05 and 0.1 mM doses of DEX, respectively. Our data indicate that DEX induced cardiac hypertrophy in newborn rats is accompanied by increased expression of α-MHC and decreased expression of β-MHC. The α-MHC effects are mediated in part through transcriptional mechanisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 212 (2000), S. 5-9 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): transcriptional regulation ; gene expression ; coactivator ; repressor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The CREB-CREM transcription factors are the main gene regulatory effectors of the cAMP signaling pathway. The investigations of this family of transcription factors had a profound impact on the understanding of signaling-induced gene transcription. Here we discuss some key aspects of the underlying biology, review transcriptional activation by CREB proteins through transcription cofactors and present novel insights into the context- and position-specific function of CREB on complex genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): AP-1 ; cobalt chloride ; gene expression ; heme oxygenase ; oxidative stress ; sodium arsenite
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Previously, chick heme oxygenase-1 (cHO-1) gene was cloned by us and two regions important for induction by sodium arsenite were identified. These two regions were found to contain consensus sequences of an AP-1 (-1580 to -1573) and a MRE/cMyc complex (-52 to -41). In the current study, the roles of these two elements in mediating the sodium arsenite or cobalt chloride dependent induction of cHO-1 were investigated further. DNA binding studies and site-directed mutagenesis studies indicated that both the AP-1 and MRE/cMyc elements are important for the sodium arsenite induction, while cobalt chloride induction involves only the AP-1 element. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that nuclear proteins binding to the AP-1 element was increased by both sodium arsenite or cobalt chloride treatment, whereas the binding of proteins to the MRE/cMyc element showed a high basal expression in untreated cells and the binding activity was only slightly increased by sodium arsenite treatment. Site-directed mutagenesis studies showed that, to completely abolish sodium arsenite induction, both the AP-1 and MRE/cMyc elements must be mutated; mutation of either element alone resulted in only a partial effect. In contrast, a single mutation at AP-1 element was sufficient to reduce the cobalt chloride induction almost completely. The MRE/cMyc complex plays a major role in the basal level expression, and shares some similarities to the upstream stimulatory factor element (USF) identified in the promoter regions of mammalian HO-1 genes and other stress regulated genes. Because sodium arsenite is known to cause oxidative stress and because activation of AP-1 proteins has been shown to be a key step in the oxidative stress response pathway, we also explored the possibility that the induction of the cHO-1 gene by sodium arsenite is mediated through oxidative stress pathway(s) by activation of AP-1 proteins. We found that pretreatment with antioxidants (N-acetyl cysteine or quercetin) reduced the induction of the endogenous cHO-1 message or cHO-1 reporter construct activities induced by sodium arsenite or cobalt chloride. These antioxidants also reduced the protein binding activities to the AP-1 element in the electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In summary, induction of the cHO-1 gene by sodium arsenite or cobalt chloride is mediated by activation of the AP-1 element located at -1,573 to -1,580 of the 5′ UTR.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 205 (2000), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): kidney ; ischemia-reperfusion injury ; free radicals ; reactive oxygen species ; gene expression ; antioxidant enzymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS; O2-, H2O2, and OH·), normal by-products of cellular metabolic processes, are kept in control by antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutases (SODs). To understand the role of antioxidant enzymatic defenses against ROS injury following ischemia-reperfusion, we examined the effect on kidney exposed to varying periods (30, 60 or 90 min) of ischemia followed by different periods of reperfusion. The enzymatic activities and protein levels of catalase, GPX, CuZnSOD and MnSOD were relatively unaffected at 30 min of ischemia followed by 0, 2 or 24 h reperfusion. However, 60 or 90 min of ischemia followed by 0, 2 or 24 h of reperfusion resulted in a decrease in activities and protein levels which paralleled the duration of ischemic injury. MnSOD activity tended to recover towards normal during reperfusion. Examination of the mRNA levels of these antioxidant enzymes demonstrated a severe decrease in mRNA levels of catalase and GPX at a time point of minimal ischemic injury (30 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion) suggesting that loss of mRNA of catalase and GPX may be the first markers of alterations in cellular redox in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Greater loss of mRNA for catalase, GPX and CuZnSOD were observed following longer periods (60 or 90 min) of ischemia. The mRNA for MnSOD was upregulated at all time points of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Actually, the greater decrease in mRNAs for catalase, GPX and CuZnSOD in the acute phase (within 24 h) subsequently showed a further decrease in these enzyme activities in the subacute phase (72 or 120 h after ischemia). These enzyme activities in the 30 min ischemia group, but not in the 90 min group, already showed tendencies for normalization at 120 h after ischemia. To understand the molecular basis of the loss of mRNA of these antioxidant enzymes during ischemia-reperfusion injury, we examined the rate of transcription by nuclear run-on assays. The similar rates of transcription in control and kidney exposed to ischemia-reperfusion indicates that the loss of mRNA for catalase, GPX and CuZnSOD are possibly due to the increased rate of turnover of their mRNAs. These studies suggest that expression of antioxidant genes during ischemia-reperfusion are not coordinately expressed and the differential loss of antioxidant enzymes may be the contributing factor(s) towards the heterogeneous renal tissue damage as a result of ischemia-reperfusion induced oxidative stress.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 66
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): prostaglandin ; cyclooxygenase ; transcriptional regulation ; gene expression ; promotor activation ; transcription ; endothelial cells
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Interleukin-1β (IL-1) is a potent inducer of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin biosynthesis in many types of cells, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating IL-1 mediated prostanoid biosynthesis in the endothelium of the microvasculature. Therefore, we examined the cis- and trans-acting factors regulating IL-1-induced COX-2 expression in the human microvascular endothelial cell line, HMEC-1. IL-1 enhanced steady state levels of COX-2 protein and mRNA synthesis by ≈ 2-fold which preceded a 2-fold increase in PGFα biosynthesis. Expression of a series of COX-2 promoter-luciferase constructs in IL-1 treated HMEC-1 cells revealed that the 'full length' (-1432/+59 bp) promoter was 10 times more active than the SV-40 promoter/enhancer and that it could be further activated by IL-1. Surprisingly however, all except for the shortest COX-2 promoter construct retained the ability to respond to IL-1 and luciferase activity driven by -191/+59 bp COX-2 promoter was as responsive to IL-1 as the full-length promoter. Moreover, site-directed promoter mutagenesis and electophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) indicate that the combinatorial actions of AP2, NF-IL6, and CRE elements are critical for both constitutive and IL-1-inducible COX-2 promoter activity. Understanding the mechanism(s) regulating COX-2 gene expression and prostaglandin biosynthesis in the microvasculature has important implications with regard to inflammation and angiogenesis in vivo.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 203 (2000), S. 163-167 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): thymosin β-4 ; gene expression ; chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ; NIH3T3 cells ; interferon response
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Expression of the gene coding for thymosin β-4 (Tβ-4), the major G-actin sequestering peptide in the cell, is regulated mainly at the level of transcription. In this study, we examined the nucleotide sequence of the 5′-flanking region (from - 2202 to - 881) of the mouse Tβ-4 gene, and demonstrated that the DNA fragment from -278 to +410 of this gene was capable of directing the expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in NIH3T3 cells. However, expression of the reporter gene in cells cannot be induced by interferon-a treatment even though a rapid activation of endogenous Tβ-4 gene by this cytokine was observed. These results suggest that the projected interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) might reside in other parts of the mouse Tβ-4 gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 211 (2000), S. 103-110 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): thioacetamide ; glutathione-S-transferase ; rat liver ; transcription ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of thioacetamide (TA), an hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic compound, on the expression and activity of the cytosolic enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was studied in rat liver. Four h following the administration of 14C-labeled thioacetamide (10 mg/Kg), several subunits of GST were found to be radioactively labeled. A single sublethal dose of TA (250 mg/Kg) decreased by three-fold the expression of classα GST at 24-48 h of treatment, but did not significantly affect the transcription of class μ GST. The activity of the enzyme toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was mildly inhibited (66% of the control) by a 24 h TA treatment and gradually increased thereafter. It is proposed that the covalent binding of TA or its derivative to the GST subunits does not affect the activity of the enzyme. Nevertheless, GST activity inhibition is due to the deleterious effect of TA on GST transcription.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 2015-2023 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Allelopathy ; growth ; phenolics ; Hebeloma ; Hymenoscyphus ; Picea abies ; Vaccinium myrtillus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Allelopathy due to humus phenolics is a cause of natural regeneration deficiency in subalpine Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests. If inhibition of spruce germination and seedling growth due to allelochemicals is generally accepted, in contrast there is a lack of knowledge about phenolic effects on mycorrhizal fungi. Thus, this work tested effects of a humic solution and its naturally occurring phenolics on the growth and respiration of two mycorrhizal fungi: Hymenoscyphus ericae (symbiont of Vaccinium myrtillus, the main allelochemical-producing plant) and Hebeloma crustuliniforme (symbiont of P. abies, the target plant). Growth and respiration of H. crustuliniforme were inhibited by growth medium with the original humic solution (−6% and −30%), respectively, whereas the same humic solution did not affect growth but decreased respiration of H. ericae (−55%). When naturally occurring phenolics (same chemicals and concentrations in the original humic solution) were added to the growth medium, growth of H. crustuliniforme was not affected, whereas that of H. ericae significantly increased (+10%). We conclude that H. ericae is better adapted to the allelopathic constraints of this forest soil than H. crustuliniforme and that the dominance of V. myrtillus among understory species could be explained in this way.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 209 (2000), S. 125-129 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): apolipoprotein E ; apolipoprotein A-I ; gene expression ; transgenic mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The levels of plasma apolipoprotein (apo) E, an anti-atherogenic protein involved in mammalian cholesterol transport, were found to be 2-3 fold lower in mice over-expressing human apoA-I gene. ApoE is mainly associated with VLDL and HDL-size particles, but in mice the majority of the apoE is associated with the HDL particles. Over-expression of the human apoA-I in mice increases the levels of human apoA-I-rich HDL particles by displacing mouse apoA-I from HDL. This results in lowering of plasma levels of mouse apoA-I. Since plasma levels of apoE also decreased in the apoA-I transgenic mice, the mechanism of apoE lowering was investigated. Although plasma levels of apoE decreased by 2-3 fold, apoB levels remained unchanged. As expected, the plasma levels of human apoA-I were almost 5-fold higher in the apoAI-Tg mice compared to mouse apoA-I in WT mice. If the over-expression of human apoA-I caused displacement of apoE from the HDL, the levels of hepatic apoE mRNA should remain the same in WT and the apoAI-Tg mice. However, the measurements of apoE mRNA in the liver showed 3-fold decreases of apoE mRNA in apoAI-Tg mice as compared to WT mice, suggesting that the decreased apoE mRNA expression, but not the displacement of the apoE from HDL, resulted in the lowering of plasma apoE in apoAI-Tg mice. As expected, the levels of hepatic apoA-I mRNA (transgene) were 5-fold higher in the apoAI-Tg mice. ApoE synthesis measured in hepatocytes also showed lower synthesis of apoE in the apoAI-Tg mice. These studies suggest that the integration of human apoA-I transgene in mouse genome occurred at a site that affected apoE gene expression. Identification of this locus may provide further understanding of the apoE gene expression.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 212 (2000), S. 29-34 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): cAMP ; transcription factor-decoy oligonucleotides ; CRE ; Ap-1 ; p53 ; tumor growth ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Nucleic acid molecules with high affinities for a target transcription factor can be introduced into cells as decoy cis-elements to bind these factors and alter gene expression. This review discusses a synthetic single-stranded palindromic oligonucleotide, which self-hybridizes to form a duplex/hairpin and competes with cAMP response element (CRE) enhancers for binding transcription factors. This oligonucleotide inhibits CRE- and Ap-1-directed gene transcription and promotes growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo in a broad spectrum of cancer cells, without adversely affecting normal cell growth. Evidence presented here suggests that the CRE-decoy oligonucleotide can provide a powerful new means of combating cancers, viral diseases, and other pathological conditions by regulating the expression of cAMP-responsive genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 212 (2000), S. 73-79 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): adrenergic receptors ; renin-angiotensin system (RAS) ; gene expression ; kidney
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract To investigate the molecular mechanism(s) of action of catecholamines on the expression of the angiotensinogen (ANG) gene in kidney proximal tubular cells, we used opossum kidney (OK) cells with a fusion gene containing the 5′-flanking regulatory sequence of the rat ANG gene fused with a human growth hormone (hGH) gene as a reporter, pOGH (rANG N-1498/+18), permanently integrated into their genomes. The level of expression of the ANG-GH fusion gene was quantified by the amount of immunoreactive-hGH (IR-hGH) secreted into the medium. The addition of norepinephrine (NE), isoproterenol (a β1/β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist) and iodoclonidine (an α2-AR agonist) stimulated the expression of the ANG-GH fusion gene in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the addition of epinephrine and phenylephrine (α1-AR agonist) had no effect. The stimulatory effect of NE was blocked by the presence of propranolol (β-AR blocker), atenolol (β1-AR blocker), yohimbine (α2-AR blocker), Rp-cAMP (an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase AI & AII) and staurosporine (an inhibitor of protein kinase C), but was not blocked by ICI 118, 551 (β2-AR blocker) and prazosin (α1-AR blocker). The addition of a combination of isoproterenol and iodoclonidine or a combination of 8-Bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) and phorbol 12-myristate (PMA) synergistically stimulated the expression of the ANG-GH fusion gene as compared to the addition of isoproterenol, iodoclonidine, 8-Br-cAMP or PMA alone. Furthermore, the addition of NE, 8-Br-cAMP or PMA stimulated the expression of pOGH (rANG N-806/-779/-53/+18), a fusion gene containing the putative cAMP responsive element (CRE, ANG N-806/-779) upstream of the ANG promoter (ANG N-53/+18) in OK cells, but had no effect on the expression of fusion genes containing the mutant of the CRE. Gel mobility shift assays revealed that the ANG-CRE binds with the DNA-binding domain (bZIP 254-327) of the cAMP-responsive binding protein (CREB). The binding of the labeled ANG-CRE to CREB (bZIP254-327) was displaced by unlabeled ANG-CRE and the CRE of the somatostatin gene but not by the mutants of the ANG-CRE. Finally, NE stimulated the phosphorylation of CREB in OK cells. These studies demonstrate that the molecular mechanism(s) of NE action on the expression of the ANG gene in OK cells may be mediated via both the PKA and PKC signalling pathways and via the phosphorylation of CREB. The phosphorylated CREB then interacts with the CRE in the 5′-flanking region of the ANG gene and subsequently stimulates the gene expression.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 212 (2000), S. 135-142 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; catecholamines ; angiotensin II ; heart failure ; myosin ; hypertension ; eprosartan
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Pressure overload of the heart is associated with a perturbed gene expression of the cardiomyocyte leading to an impaired pump function. The ensuing neuro-endocrine activation results in disordered influences of angiotensin II and catecholamines on gene expression. To assess whether angiotensin II type 1 receptor inhibition can also counteract a raised sympathetic nervous system activity, spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a hypercaloric diet were treated with eprosartan (daily 90 mg/kg body wt) and cardiovascular parameters were monitored with implanted radiotelemetry pressure transducers. Both, blood pressure and heart rate were increased (p 〈 0.05) by the hypercaloric diet. Although eprosartan reduced (p 〈 0.05) the raised systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the diet-induced rise in heart rate was blunted only partially. In addition to drugs interfering with the enhanced catecholamine influence, compounds should be considered that selectively affect cardiomyocyte gene expression via 'metabolic' signals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): angiotensin II ; SHR ; preglomerular arterioles ; G-proteins ; cAMP ; hypertension
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Altered regulation of cAMP may contribute to enhanced renal reactivity to angiotensin II (Ang II) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Such a phenomenon may occur in renal preglomerular arterioles and may involve changes in expression of GTP-binding regulatory proteins. We have examined the effects of Ang II on steady state levels of Gαi-1,2, Gαi-3 Gαs and Gαq in preglomerular arterioles from young marginally hypertensive SHR and on mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal vascular resistance (RVR) and renal cAMP excretion (UcAMP.V). Young (5-6 week old) SHR and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats received Ang II (35 ng/kg/min, s.c.) or vehicle for 7 days via osmotic minipumps. Urine was collected over the last 24 h. On day seven, MAP and renal blood flow were measured in anesthetized rats and RVR was determined. Preglomerular arterioles were isolated by perfusing the kidneys with iron oxide and using a series of mechanical steps coupled with the use of a magnet to retain iron-laden vessels. Membranes were prepared and the expressions of Gαi-1,2, Gαi-3, Gαs and Gαq were evaluated by Western immunoblotting. Baseline MAP (124 ± 6 mmHg) was only marginally (p 〉 0.05) higher in SHR when compared with WKY rats (110 ± 4 mmHg). RBF (3.04 ± 0.16 mL/min) was significantly lower and RVR (41.10 ± 1.37 mmHg.min/mL) was significantly higher in SHR when compared to age-matched WKY rats (4.36 ± 0.30 mL/min and 25.79 ± 1.58 mmHg.min/mL, respectively). Ang II significantly increased MAP in SHR (17 mmHg) but not in WKY rats. These increases in MAP were accompanied by significant increases in RVR in SHR (48% over control) but not in WKY rats. Compared to WKY rats, preglomerular arterioles from SHR exhibited significantly higher basal expression of Gαi-1,2 (11- fold), Gαi-3 (13-fold) and Gαs (3-fold). Chronic infusion of Ang II, however, downregulated the expression of Gαs (by 53%; p 〈 0.05), Gαi-1,2 ( by 72%; p 〈 0.05) and Gαi-3 (by 35%; p 〉 0.05) in SHR preglomerular arterioles but significantly upregulated the expression of these proteins in WKY by 3-, 8- and 15-fold, respectively. Basal levels of Gαq were not different in preglomerular arterioles from the two strains but were downregulated by Ang II in both WKY (74% of basal) and SHR (52% of control). Baseline UcAMP.V was significantly lower in SHR (31.22 ± 6.51 nmol/24 h) compared with WKY rats (65.33 ± 3.60 nmol/24 h). Chronic Ang II infusion significantly increased UcAMP.V in SHR as well as WKY rats. These data clearly demonstrate that expressions of Gi isoforms as well as Gs in renal microvessels are elevated during early stages of hypertension and suggest that the elevated levels of Gi proteins may be directly associated with a blunted adenylyl cyclase-cAMP cascade in the renal microvasculature. Furthermore, Ang II appears to directly downregulate the expression of Gs in young SHR but not in young WKY renal microvessels. Such diversity in its effect on G-protein expression may be important for enhanced renal sensitivity to Ang II in SHR.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): angiotensinogen ; fibronectin ; gene expression ; transcriptional regulation ; cardiomyocytes ; vascular smooth muscle cells
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Angiotensinogen (AGT) is a unique substrate of the renin-angiotensin system and fibronectin (FN) is an important component of the extracellular matrix. These play critical roles in the pathophysiological changes including cardiovascular remodeling and hypertrophy in response to hypertension. This study was performed to examine the regulation of AGT and FN gene in cardiac myocytes (CMs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in response to mechanical stretch. Mechanical stretch significantly increased the AGT mRNA expression in CMs, while these stimuli did not affect FN mRNA levels. On the other hand, Mechanical stretch upregulated FN mRNA levels in VSMCs, whereas no increase in AGT mRNA levels was observed in response to stretch stimuli. An angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist (CV11974) significantly decreased these stretch-mediated increases in mRNA level and promoter activity of the AGT and FN gene, whereas angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor antagonist (PD123319) did not affect the induction. These results indicate that mechanical stretch activates transcription of the AGT and FN gene mainly via AT1 receptor-pathway in CMs and VSMCs. Furthermore, mechanisms regulating AGT and FN gene seem to be different between CMs and VSMCs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 212 (2000), S. 211-217 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): angiotensin receptor ; medullary thick ascending limb ; sodium intake ; primary cell culture ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an important regulator of the function of medullary thick ascending limb of loop of Henle (MTAL). Recent studies showed that changes in Ang II receptor expression occur and underlie changes in the function of proximal tubules during altered sodium intake. The present experiment was designed to determine (1) whether expression of the type 1 Ang II (AT1) receptor in the MTAL is regulated by altered sodium intake, and (2) the specific pathway(s) mediating sodium-induced AT1 expression in the MTAL. Wistar rats were fed a normal sodium (0.5%, NS), low sodium (0.07%, LS), or high sodium (4%, HS) diet for 2 weeks. Northern blot analysis and radioligand binding showed that in rats fed a normal sodium diet the rank of order for both AT1 mRNA expression and receptor density was outer medulla 〉 cortex 〉 inner medulla. Sodium restriction significantly increased both AT1 mRNA expression and receptor density in the outer medulla. In contrast, neither AT1 mRNA expression nor receptor density in the outer medulla was altered by sodium loading. Losartan treatment (3 mg/kg/per day by oral gavage for 2 weeks) prevented low sodium-induced upregulation of the AT1 receptor in the outer medulla, but it had no effect on AT1 expression in the outer medulla of rats fed a normal sodium diet. Highly purified suspensions of MTAL were isolated from rats fed a normal or low sodium diet. Low sodium intake significantly increased AT1 mRNA level by 184% and AT1 receptor density by 58% in MTALs. Primary cultures of MTAL cells were treated with PBS, Ang II (10-8 M), and Ang II + 17 octadecynoic (17 ODYA, 10 μM). Ang II caused about 2-fold increase in AT1 mRNA levels, and this increase was diminished by about 30% by the addition of 17 ODYA. We conclude that (1) sodium restriction but not sodium loading increases AT1 receptor expression in the MTAL, (2) low sodium-induced upregulation of the AT1 receptor in the MTAL is Ang II-dependent, and (3) Ang II-induced upregulation of the AT1 receptor in the MTAL is mediated, at least in part, by cytochrome P450 pathways.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 77
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): renin angiotensin system ; sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Ca2+-handling ; gene expression ; ischemia-reperfusion ; cardioprotection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the possible participation of cardiac renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the ischemia-reperfusion induced changes in heart function as well as Ca2+-handling activities and gene expression of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins. The isolated rat hearts, treated for 10 min without and with 30 μM captopril or 100 μM losartan, were subjected to 30 min ischemia followed by reperfusion for 60 min and processed for the measurement of SR function and gene expression. Attenuated recovery of the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) upon reperfusion of the ischemic heart was accompanied by a marked reduction in SR Ca2+-pump ATPase, Ca2+-uptake and Ca2+-release activities. Northern blot analysis revealed that mRNA levels for SR Ca2+-handling proteins such as Ca2+-pump ATPase (SERCA2a), ryanodine receptor, calsequestrin and phospholamban were decreased in the ischemia-reperfused heart as compared with the non-ischemic control. Treatment with captopril improved the recovery of LVDP as well as SR Ca2+-pump ATPase and Ca2+-uptake activities in the postischemic hearts but had no effect on changes in Ca2+-release activity due to ischemic-reperfusion. Losartan neither affected the changes in contractile function nor modified alterations in SR Ca2+-handling activities. The ischemia-reperfusion induced decrease in mRNA levels for SR Ca2+-handling proteins were not affected by treatment with captopril or losartan. The results suggest that the improvement of cardiac function in the ischemic-reperfused heart by captopril is associated with the preservation of SR Ca2+-pump activities; however, it is unlikely that this action of captopril is mediated through the modification of cardiac RAS. Furthermore, cardiac RAS does not appear to contribute towards the ischemia-reperfusion induced changes in gene expression for SR Ca2+-handling proteins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 212 (2000), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): angiotensin ; antisense ; oligodeoxynucleotide ; plasmid ; adeno-associated virus ; hypertension
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Overactive renin-angiotensin system has been indicated in numerous pathological situations. Current treatment is based on pharmaceutical compounds, which work on the proteins level. Undisputedly helpful, it is not, however, flawless. Some of the drawbacks include adverse effects and non-compliance problem, since in many cases medicine has to be taken at least once a day for a long time. Therefore it seems logical to try a different approach, for instance to correct the disease at the gene expression level, possibly having a choice of shorter or longer-lasting effects. This current review combines results, relevant to the angiotensin system, with the antisense approach, which decreases amount of target protein by interfering at the mRNA level. Dependent on the tool used - oligodeoxynucleotide, plasmid or viral vector, the antisense effect lasts from few days to months.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 79
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): pressure overload ; gene expression ; subcellular remodeling ; sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-handling ; anti-hypertensive therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of propranolol and verapamil on contractile dysfunction, subcellular remodeling and changes in gene expression in cardiac hypertrophy due to pressure overload were examined. Rats were subjected to banding of the abdominal aorta and then treated with either propranolol (10 mg/kg daily), verapamil (5 mg/kg daily) or vehicle for 8 weeks after the surgery. Depression of the left ventricular function in the hypertrophied heart was associated with decreases in myofibrillar and myosin CA2+ ATPase activities as well as Ca2+-pump and Ca2+-release activities of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The level of a-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) mRNA was decreased while that of β-MHC mRNA was increased in the pressure-overloaded heart. The level of SR Ca2+-pump ATPase (SERCA2) mRNA and protein content for SERCA2 were decreased in the pressure overloaded heart. Treatment of the hypertrophied animals with propranolol or verapamil resulted in preservation of the left ventricular function and prevention of the subcellular alterations. Shift in the α- and β-MHC mRNA levels and changes in the expression in SERCA2 mRNA level and protein content were also attenuated by these treatments. The results suggest that blockade of β-adrenoceptors or voltage-dependent calcium channels normalizes the cardiac gene expression, prevents subcellular remodeling and thus attenuates heart dysfunction in rats with cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, both cardiac β-adrenoceptors and L-type Ca2+-channels may be involved in the genesis of cardiac hypertrophy due to pressure overload.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 213 (2000), S. 119-126 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): TIS11 ; an immediate early gene ; gene cloning ; gene expression ; gene organization ; promoter
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The TIS11 gene is an immediate early gene that is induced rapidly and transiently by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and various growth factors. To study transcriptional regulation of the gene, a genomic clone of rat TIS11 was isolated, and the organization of exon-intron structure and transcriptional initiation site were determined. The rat TIS11 gene consisted of 2 exons spanning approximately 2.5 kb. Several canonical sequences for binding of transcriptional factors were found in the 5′-flanking region. The 5.3 kb of the 5′-flanking region fused to a luciferase reporter gene showed promoter activity when introduced into rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Analyses with serial 5′-deletion mutants suggested that the major positive regulatory region is located at the region of -241 to -76, and that the minimum promoter region is within the 76-bp upstream of the transcriptional initiation site. Gel mobility shift assays revealed that PC12 cell nuclear proteins specifically bind to the major positive regulatory region of the TIS11 gene. The identified nuclear protein components may act as the positive trans-acting factors in the basal expression of the TIS11 gene in PC12 cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Potato research 43 (2000), S. 383-393 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; plant development ; antioxidant genes ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The expression of antioxidant genes has been analyzed in a potato plant and during tuber dormancy. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), cytosolic copper and zinc superoide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD), catalase class II, cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) are expressed at the RNA level in all the contexts analyzed. By contrast, the expression of the iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) and plastidic Cu/ZnSOD seems to be limited to green tissues, as shown by northern blots and native gels. A complex DAB-peroxidase isozyme pattern (using diaminobenzidine as substrate) has been observed in different developmental contexts analyzed, but hardly observed in tubers. During tuber dormancy, MnSOD and cytosolic Cu/ZnSOD activity was relatively constant in both Désirée and Bintje varieties while catalase activity decreases. Moreover, tuber dormancy breakage did not involve significant changes in the activity of these enzymes. On the basis of these results, the possible link between active oxygen species (AOS) metabolism and dormancy is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 82
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; cDNA-AFLP ; RNA-fingerprinting ; organogenesis ; tuberisation ; dormancy ; sprouting ; cluster analysis ; metabolic pathways
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Potato tuber life-cycle is composed of many individual developmental stages including tuber formation, tuber development, dormancy and sprouting. We have used cDNA-AFLP fingerprinting to analyse gene expression in 24 individual stages of development, over the period from stolon formation through sprouting. In addition to these developmental stages, different tissues were analysed to assess tissue specificity and various controls were incorporated to determine process specificity. In total around 18000 transcript derived cDNA fragments (TDFs) were visualised from which circa 2600 were included in a statistical analysis allowing general conclusions about gene expression during development. More than 200 process specific TDFs were isolated and sequenced throughout the potato tuber life-cycle. The sequence similarities of these TDFs to known genes give an insight into the kinds of processes occurring during tuberisation, dormancy and sprouting.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1608-3237
    Schlagwort(e): poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ; Listeria monocytogenes ; temperature ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A comparative investigation of the intracellular content of poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid showed that Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains accumulated, on the average, lower amounts of this reserve substance than Listeria monocytogenes strains. The intracellular pool of poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid was responsible for the growth of the bacteria at low temperatures (4–6°C) in the absence of any exogenous carbon and energy source.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1608-3407
    Schlagwort(e): Scenedesmus quadricauda ; growth ; cell size ; photosynthetic activity ; imazalil sulfate ; three-phase dose response
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Three-phase dose responses of biological systems of different levels of organization are often called “paradoxical” because the biological effects are clearly manifested under low- and high-intensity treatments, but are absent during moderate-strength treatments. In this work, we found anomalous changes in the cell number of a green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb. grown in the presence of the fungicide imazalil sulfate. At low imazalil concentrations (2.5 × 10–9–2.5 × 10–6 M), the slow increase in the cell number as compared to an untreated culture was not related to cell death. As seen by the dynamics of the population structure and cell functional characteristics (photosynthesis, thermal stability of photosynthetic membranes, etc.), the decrease in the growth rate at low concentrations of imazalil (2–10 × 10–9 M) was due to a long-term arrest of cell division in a fraction of the cell population rather than to a decrease in the rate of division. The absence of a toxic effect or even a slight stimulation of culture growth at moderate concentrations (0.05–1.25 × 10–6 M) was due to the resumption of cell division after a temporal cessation. At these concentrations, imazalil induced cell stress and adaptive elevation of cell tolerance to the fungicide (acclimation). Cell death was observed only at a high fungicide content in the medium (6.25 × 10–6 and higher). Thus, the three-phase (bimodal) dose response corresponds to two regimes (steady-states) of cell functioning which differ in cell sensitivity to external stimuli. The low-sensitivity state, which is characteristic of cells that have experienced stress, is likely to be the state known as “hormesis.”
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 12 (2000), S. 185-189 
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): blue-green alga ; cyanobacterium ; carbon dioxide ; culture ; growth ; Nostocflagelliforme ; rehydration, watering
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The terrestrial blue-green alga (cyanobacterium), Nostoc flagelliforme, was cultured in air at variouslevels of CO2, light and watering to see theireffects on its growth. The alga showed the highestrelative growth rate at the conditions of highCO2 (1500 ppm), high light regime (219–414μmol m-2s-1) and twice daily watering,but the lowest rate at the conditions of low light(58–114 μmol m-2s-1) and daily twicewatering. Increased watering had little effect ongrowth rate at 350 ppm CO2, but increased byabout 70% at 1500ppm CO2 under high lightconditions. It was concluded that enriched CO2could enhance the growth of N. flagelliformewhen sufficient light and water was supplied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 34 (2000), S. 19-27 
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; fitness ; food quality ; growth ; reproduction ; temporary ponds
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Temporary pond Daphnia flourish on relatively poor-quality food, suggesting adaptation to stringent temporary pond conditions. We conducted laboratory life history experiments on populations of Daphnia obtusa from a shaded woodland temporary pond (short hydroperiod, dystrophic) and an open farmland temporary pond (long hydroperiod, eutrophic), and compared a suite of physical/chemical conditions in the ponds to evaluate habitat conditions. We hypothesized that the shaded woodland pond population would be more fit in terms of life history variables for individuals (age and size at first reproduction, mean brood size, mean number of neonates) and populations (generation time, net reproductive rate R 0, and intrinsic reproductive rate r) given a standard, low-quality food (trout chow and yeast). Life history traits of woodland pond animals were mixed, relative to farm pond animals, and consistent with bet-hedging for an unpredictable habitat. Values of life history traits rivaled or exceeded those of other studies using phytoplankton as food, and were influenced by the pond water used for our study. Life histories clearly differ among local and regional temporary pond Daphnia obtusa populations, and should be valuable for examining the relative influences of local selection and metapopulation dynamics on population structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 12 (2000), S. 535-542 
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): desiccation ; growth ; growth model ; inorganic carbon ; nutrients ; photoperiod ; photosynthesis ; pigments ; Porphyra linearis ; PPF ; respiration ; temperature ; water velocity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of environmental parameters on the growthof Porphyra linearis gametophytes was examinedunder controlled conditions, and related to themultilinear regression growth model recently developedfor this seaweed under coastal conditions in theeastern Mediterranean. Growth chambers, a gradienttable, special culture devices and analytical methodswere combined for this culture study.The major factors significantly controlling thegrowth rate of the P. linearis gametophytein glass dishes were: photoperiod, temperature, agein culture, photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), salinityand water dynamics. Maximal growth occurred underdaylength of 12 h, medium temperature (15–20 °C), low PPF (70–140 μmol photon m-2s-1), ambient salinity (30–40 ppt), 1–3 h ofdaily air exposure, and water velocity of 4 cm s-1.Photosynthesis and respiration rates weredominantly affected by daylength and temperature,while the concentration of pigments was dominantlyaffected by PPF and temperature.These conditions correspond well to the optimalnatural growth environment of this local species andare in agreement with the optimum estimated throughthe recently developed outdoor mathematical growthmodel.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 88
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Schlagwort(e): crayfish ; Procambarus alleni ; growth ; Florida Everglades ; hydroperiod
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Environmental conditions influence crustacean growth by affecting molt intervals and incremental increases in length and weight. In the seasonally-flooded marl prairie wetlands of eastern Everglades National Park, U.S.A., hydropattern exerts considerable influence on aquatic primary productivity, and so may influence the availability of food resources for higher trophic levels. The seasonal hydroperiod has been drastically altered by anthropogenic factors, but the impacts on the aquatic community are not well known. We studied whether differences in growth of crayfish Procambarus alleni could be detected in habitats with different hydroperiods. We first described growth patterns based on incremental increases in length and weight of crayfish on a high protein diet in the laboratory. Regression analyses indicated that growth patterns in males and females were similar. Although the intermolt period increased with age, the proportional increases in length and weight were similar through successive molts. The relationship between length and weight of crayfish was best described by a power equation for allometric growth. We then compared growth curves for crayfish subpopulations from different areas of the marl prairie. In habitats with the longest hydroperiods, crayfish weight-at-size was not significantly different from that in laboratory crayfish on the high protein diet. However, weight gain per unit increase in length in short hydroperiod sites was significantly less than in long hydroperiod sites or in the laboratory. These results indicate that crayfish productivity may be associated with hydroperiod in these stressed wetlands, and this may contribute to observed source-sink population regulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 8 (2000), S. 159-168 
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): emersion ; growth ; Pecten maximus ; scallop spat ; survival ; transport
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Scallop spat production normally requires transfer between growthsystems. Simulated transport experiments were carried out in April, June,December and February to evaluate effects of transport time on greatscallop (Pecten maximus) spat growth and survival. The spat (1.7–1.8 mm in shell-height and 21–25 µg ash free dry weight [AFDW]) wereheld in moist coffee filters at a temperature of 10 °C for up to 24 h,before being replaced into sieves in rearing tanks at 15 °C. The studyshowed that by increasing air emersion time, survival and growthdecreased. No significant difference in the results between 0 and 4 h of airemersion was found, while the effects after 12 and 24 h differed betweenspat groups. Survival and growth rates showed seasonal differences. Meansurvival was 35–71% in April and 77–99% from June to February. In Junemean growth rates attained were 115–128 µm shell-height and 15–18µg AFDW per day compared with 49–69 µm and 3.8–7.0 µgper day for the other spat groups. Great scallop spat may survive atransfer time of 24 h, but transportation for longer than 12 h is notrecommended if subsequent high survival and growth rates are to beensured.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 8 (2000), S. 207-225 
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; mortality ; Pecten maximus ; suspended culture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Growth and mortality of the king scallop, Pecten maximus, werecompared when grown in cages and by ear hanging in suspended culturein Fuengirola, Malaga, in southern Spain. Seed (juveniles) used in theexperiment was collected in September 1997 that had settled on collectorsin April-June, of that year. Culture in suspended cages began in January1998 when the seed measured 42.7 (3.3) mm shell height and ended inFebruary 1999. Significantly faster growth was found at a minimum culturedensity (16 scallops/cage) than at two other densities (24 and 36scallops/cage). Depth (1, 5 and 10 m from the bottom) influenced growth,poorest growth occurred closest to the bottom. Under optimum growingconditions, 16 scallops/cage suspended 10 m from the bottom, scallops grewto 10 cm shell length (legal size) by February 1999.In ear hanging culture, ropes were moored in April (51.3 (4.5) mm),June (58.2 (4.5) mm) and November 1998 (64.3 (4.9) mm).Initially, rapid shell growth was observed in all three cultures.Subsequently, the shells became covered with barnacles, Balanus sp.,that possibly caused total mortality of the April culture and led to highmortalities in the two other cultures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 8 (2000), S. 391-401 
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) ; size grading ; size variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract This study presents two experiments addressing growth and size variation in fingerling silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus. In the first experiment, fish close to mean population size were raised either in the presence or absence of five larger fish for 60 days. Mean specific growth rate (SGR) and increases in the coefficient of variation and skewness were lower in the presence of larger fish, indicating a negative effect of large fish on the growth of smaller ones. In the second experiment, fingerlings were graded into groups smaller and larger than the median size of the population and raised in size-sorted groups of 60 large or small fish and mixed groups of 30 fish of each size category, for 60 days. There was no difference in mean SGR among groups, nor between the mixed group ad the weighted mean of the small and large groups. Biomass gain was higher in the mixed groups than in the weighted small-and-large groups, probably due to a slightly lower survival in the groups comprised of large fish. The fact that the effect of large fingerlings on the growth of smaller ones was evident in the first, but not the second, experiment may be attributed to higher size disparity between large and small fingerlings in the first experiment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): 17 β-estradiol ; fish meal ; gonadal development ; growth ; Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ; plant proteins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate theeffect of plant protein‐based diets on gonadaldevelopment and plasma 17 β-estradiol (E2) levelin female Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.Fish with a mean body weight of 6.7 (0.1) g were fedfour different diets with the same digestible protein(DP) and digestible energy (DE) containing gradedlevels of a mixture of plant ingredients as partial ortotal replacement of fish meal protein for 20 weeks.The control diet (D0) was based on fish meal, twodiets containing 33% (D33) and 66% (D66) of plantprotein, and one diet containing only plant protein(D100). Fish were sampled at 12 and 20 weeks. Nosignificant differences were found in different stagesof oocyte development and plasma E2 levels betweentilapia fed diets D0 and D100 at 12 weeks. Eight weekslater tilapia fed diet D0 showed a higher (P 〈 0.05)level of E2 than the D100 group. This difference andthe reduced proportion of vitellogenic and matureoocytes demonstrated that diets containing only plantprotein are less efficient in terms of tilapia growthand consequently ovarian development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 8 (2000), S. 455-461 
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): floating cages ; growth ; pink dentex (Dentex gibbosus) ; sparids (Dentex dentex, Sparus aurata, Spondyliosoma cantharus, Diplodus puntazzo)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 7 (2000), S. 369-382 
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) ; larvae ; light intensity ; photperiod ; tank colour
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In two separate experiments, haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae were raised under different photoperiods (24L : 0D or 15L : 9D), or different combinations of tank colour (black or white) and light intensity (1.1 μmol s−1 m−2 or 18 μmol s−1 m−2). Growth (0.8% day−1 in standard length; 2.9% day−1 in body area) and survival (2%) were not significantly different between photoperiod treatments after 35 days. Larval survival was greater in white versus black tanks after 41 days (2% versus l%, respectively). Growth of larvae was impaired in black tanks at low (1.1 μmol s−1 m−2) light intensity (0.8% day−1 in standard length and 2.2% day−1 in body area versus 1.1% day 21 in standard length and 3.1% day−1 in body area, for all other treatments). Transmission and reflection of light was low in black tanks at low incident light, and there was very little upwelling light. The resultant poor prey to background contrast probably resulted in larvae being unable to consume sufficient food to sustain a level of growth comparable to that in other treatments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): bivalve ; fouling ; growth ; Newfoundland ; nursery ; sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) ; spat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Hatchery-reared sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) spat weremonitored for growth and recovery in three experiments to determine themost suitable system for nursery culture. In Experiment I, four size classesof nursery-sized spat held at two depths from October to July exhibiteddeclining growth rates over the winter period and increased growth ratesin the spring. Overall, season, depth and initial size had a significantinfluence on the absolute and specific growth rates of scallops. Recovery,defined as number of scallops remaining after mortality and loss of spatthrough gear mesh, was influenced by season and initial size, but notdepth. Scallops in the 3.0 mm+ size class had higher growth rates andrecovery than those in the 1.4–1.6 mm, 1.7–1.9 mm and 2.0–2.9 mm sizeclasses. In Experiment II, two gear types containing similar size spat werecompared. Growth rates were significantly higher in 3.0 mm pearl nets thanin 3.0 mm collector bags, although recovery was similar between the twoequipment types. Experiment III, two stocking densities of nursery-sizedspat were compared in collector bags. Neither growth rate nor recoverywere significantly different for the two densities (2600 and 5200spat/collector bag) tested. Overall, these studies indicated that importantparameters for optimizing the growth and recovery of scallops in a farm-based nursery system include season, initial spat size, deployment depthand gear type.
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 8 (2000), S. 381-389 
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) ; growth ; low temperature ; stocking density ; time restricted feeding,/kwd〉
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of time restricted feeding, possibility of bottomfeeding and stocking density on the growth of Arctic charr(Salvelinus alpinus L.) were examined in fish held at lowtemperature (〈2 °C). Fish fed for a restricted time (1 h) hadsignificantly (p 〈 0.05) lower specific growth rate (0.15 vs0.32% per day) than those fed the same ration over an extendedtime period (12 h). Increasing stocking densities had a positive andsignificant effect (p 〈 0.05) on growth with SGR increasing from 0.27to 0.52% per day at 2–30 kg m-3. Fish withaccess to feed on the tank floor had a significantly higher (p 〈0.05) growth rate (0.3 vs 0.13% per day) than those without thepossibility to feed from the bottom. When fish were held underconditions without access to the bottom a doubling of the feed rationdid not result in a significant (p 〉 0.05) increase in growth rate(0.13 vs 0.12%percnt; per day).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; germination ; NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase ; Pseudotsuga menziesii
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract NADH-cytochrome P450 is a key enzyme that transfers electrons from NADPH to the cytochrome P450 family of enzymes. To begin to determine the regulation of CPR gene expression and enzyme activity in Douglas-fir a full-length cDNA was isolated from a seedling λZAP cDNA library and the ORF was used to develop a synthetic CPR-peptide-based antiserum. Northern blot analysis indicated CPR expression was regulated both developmentally prior to seed maturation and during germination, and differentially in the cotyledons, radicle and megagametophyte of seed and seedling tissues. The CPR-peptide antiserum detected a single CPR in seed and seedling microsomes analyzed by western blot of two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gels. In microsomal extracts from whole seeds and seedlings, the amount of CPR protein remained constant while NADPH:cytochrome c reductase activity increased during stratification, germination and early seedling development. In contrast to cotyledons and megagametophyte, the level of CPR protein detected in radicles was higher than expected when compared to the amount of CPR transcript.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; inflow ; magnesium ; potassium ; (Prunus)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The effects (and interaction) of two solution concentrations of Mg (50, 500, μM) and two of K (250, 4250 μM) on the growth of micropropagated plants of “F. 12/1” and “Colt” were investigated using a flowing solution culture system. Magnesium inflow and growth of “Colt” and “F. 12/1” were inhibited to a similar extent by an increased concentration of K in the nutrient solution. However, the consequences of this inhibition were different. Reduced inflow of Mg in “F. 12/1” caused Mg deficiency symptoms at high and low concentrations of K, whereas this only occurred with a combination of high K concentration and low Mg concentration in “Colt”. The distribution of dry matter within the plant was significant in determining susceptibility to Mg deficiency. Since “F. 12/1” has a smaller root:shoot ratio than Colt it is unable to sustain the same concentration of Mg in leaves as “Colt” irrespective of external K concentration. The molar ratio of K:Mg in soil solutions should remain 〈8.5:1 in order to ensure maximum growth of “F. 12/1” and “Colt”.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 219 (2000), S. 177-185 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): alfalfa ; growth ; Medicago sativa L. ; nitrogen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The dynamics of biomass and N accumulation following defoliation of alfalfa and the application of N fertilization has rarely been studied under field conditions, particularly in the seeding year. Our objectives were to determine the effect of N fertilization on the dynamics of biomass and N accumulation during the first regrowth of alfalfa in the seeding year, and to determine if a model describing critical N concentration developed for established stands could be used in the seeding year. In two separate experiments conducted in 1992 and 1993, the biomass and N accumulation of alfalfa grown with three N rates (0, 40 and 80 kg N ha-1) were determined weekly. Maximum shoot growth was reached with 40 kg N ha-1 in 1992, and maximum shoot growth was not reached with the highest N fertilization rate in 1993. Nitrogen fixation, root N reserves and soil inorganic N uptake when no N was applied were, therefore, not sufficient to ensure non-limiting N conditions, particularly when growth rates were the highest between 14 to 21 d after defoliation. Nitrogen fertilization increased shoot biomass accumulation in the first 21 d of regrowth, biomass partitioning to the shoots and shoot and taproot N concentrations. The model parameters of critical N concentration developed by Lemaire et al. (1985) for established stands of alfalfa were not adequate in the seeding year. The N requirements per unit of shoot biomass produced are greater in the seeding year than on established stands, and this was attributed to a greater proportion of leaves in the seeding year.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; light intensity ; Phaseolus vulgaris L. ; phosphorus–zinc interaction ; photosynthesis ; yield ; zinc deficiency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Two experiments were conducted in a factorial combination of three Zn levels (0, 10 and 40 mg Zn kg-1 soil) and two P levels (0 and 200 mg P kg-1 soil). Experiment 1 was carried out during winter in a heated glasshouse, and experiment 2 during summer under a rain shelter. Plants of dwarf bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Borlotto nano) were grown in pots filled with sandy soil. In both experiments, leaf Zn concentration was reduced by the addition of P to plants grown at low Zn supply. However, leaf Zn concentration lower than the critical level was observed only during experiment 2, and the main effects of low Zn were reductions of internode length, light use efficiency and maximum photosynthetic rate. In plants with leaf Zn concentration lower than the critical level, saturating irradiance levels fell from ∼1000 μmol m-2 s-1 PPFD to ∼300–400 μmol m-2 s-1 PPFD. Reduction of net photosynthesis was observed from the beginning of flowering and led to decreased seed production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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