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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology  (17)
  • Mt. Etna
  • Elsevier  (17)
  • Springer  (2)
  • Springer-Verlag  (2)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (1)
  • Elsevier Science Limited  (1)
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009  (23)
  • 2008  (23)
Sammlung
Schlagwörter
Verlag/Herausgeber
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009  (23)
Jahr
  • 1
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    Extensional tectonics in the Amantea basin (Calabria, Italy): a comparison between structural and magnetic anisotropy data (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-19
    Beschreibung: We report on structural and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) results from the Upper Miocene sediments of the Amantea basin, located on the Tyrrhenian coast of the Calabrian Arc (Southern Italy). The stratigraphic succession of the basin is organized in three depositional sequences, separated by two major angular unconformities. Detailed geologica1 mapping and structural analysis demonstrate that the stratigraphic evolution of the Amantea basin is strongly controlled by a synsedimentary extensional tectonic regime. Severa1 NNE-SSW-trending norma1 fault arrays with large scatter in inclination values have been interpreted as due to a domino faulting mechanism, consistent with a WNW-ESE stretching direction. AMS data have been obtained for 13 sites, both in the not constrained in age first depositional sequence (3 sites), and in the upper Tortonian-lower Messinian clays from the second depositional sequence (10 sites). Al1 the sites show a strong magnetic foliation parallel to the bedding planes, and a well defined magnetic lineation subparallel to the local bedding dip directions. The magnetic lineations cluster around a WNW-ESE trend and are parallel to the stretching directions inferred by fault-slip analysis and basin architecture. These new data then confirm the possibility to use the magnetic lineation to map the strain trajectory in weakly deformed extensional sedimentary basins. Paleomagnetic data (from previous studies) show that the whole Calabrian block underwent a 15°-20° clockwise rotation probably in the Pleistocene, postdating the extensional tectonic events which controlled the Amantea basin geometry. Therefore we suggest for the Amantea basin an original E-W-oriented stretching direction, which may be considered as the older extensional direction characterizing the Late Miocene evolution of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea domain.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 33-49
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): magnetic fabric ; extentional tectonics ; Miocene ; Calabrian Arc ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    Mechanisms for ground-surface fracturing and incipient slope failure associated with the 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy: analysis of ephemeral field data (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-26
    Beschreibung: During the July^August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna development of extensional fractures/faults and grabens accompanied magma intrusion and subsequent volcanic activity. During the first days of the eruption, we performed an analysis of attitude, displacement and propagation of fractures and faults exposed on the ground surface in two sites, Torre del Filosofo and Valle del Leone, located along the same fracture system in the region surrounding the Valle del Bove depression on the eastern flank of Mt. Etna. Fractures and faults formed as the consequence of a shallow intruding dyke system that fed the several volcanic centres developed along the fracture system. The investigated sites differ in slope attitude and in geometrical relationships between fractures and slopes. In particular, the fracture system propagated parallel to the gentle slope (67‡ dip) in the Torre del Filosofo area, and perpendicular to the steep slope (V25‡ dip) in the Valle del Leone area. In the Torre del Filosofo area, slight graben subsidence and horizontal extension of the ground surface by about 3 m were recorded. In the Valle del Leone area, extensional faulting forming a larger and deeper graben with horizontal extension of the ground surface by about 10 m was recorded. For the Valle del Leone area, we assessed a downhill dip of 14‡ for the graben master fault at the structural level beneath the graben where the fault dip shallows. These results suggest that dyke intrusion at Mount Etna, and particularly in the region surrounding the Valle del Bove depression, may be at the origin of slope failure and subsequent slumps where boundary conditions, i.e. geometry of dyke, slope dip and initial shear stress, amongst others, favour incipient failures.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 281-294
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): dykes ; extensional fractures ; grabens ; slope failures ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Extensional tectonics on Sardinia (Italy): insights into the arc–back-arc transitional regime (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: Although the tectonic features and stress regime typical for accretionary complexes and back-arc domains have been widely documented so far, few are known on the transitional zone separating these two systems. Here we report on structural analysis and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) results from Eocene–Pliocene sediments exposed in western Sardinia. From late Oligocene to middle Miocene, the studied area was located between the Alpine–Apennine wedge to the east, which was undergoing shortening and accretion, and the Liguro–Provenc al basin, undergoing extension and spreading. We find that, prior to the formation of the Liguro–Provenc al basin, the middle Eocene–lower Oligocene sediments cropping out at the southwesternmost edge of Sardinia were subjected to NE–SW shortening (in present-day coordinates), in agreement with recently reported geological information. Conversely, the upper Oligocene–Pliocene sedimentary sequences record a different evolutionary stage of extensional processes. Upper Oligocene–middle–upper Burdigalian sediments clearly show a N–S-oriented magnetic lineation that can be related to extensional direction along the prevalent E–W-oriented normal faults. On the other hand, no magnetic lineation has been detected in upper Burdigalian–Serravallian sediments, which mark the end of the first rifting process in Sardinia, which likely coincides with the rift-to-drift transition at the core of the Liguro–Provençal basin. Finally, a NE–SW extension is observed in two Tortonian–Pliocene sites at the northwestern margin of the NNW–SSE-oriented Campidano graben. Our study confirms that AMS may represent a valuable strain-trajectory proxy and significantly help to unravel the characters of temporally superimposed tectonic events.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 213-232
    Beschreibung: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Back-arc basin ; Magnetic anisotropy susceptibility (AMS) ; Sardinia ; Mediterranean area ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
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    Monitoring ash emission episodes at Mt. Etna: the 16 November 2006 case study (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-17
    Beschreibung: Mt. Etna in Sicily (Italy) is one of the best monitored basaltic volcanoes in the world due to the frequent eruptions from its summit and flanks. Routine monitoring carried out by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, for surveillance purposes permits following the evolution of volcanic events. In this paper, a description of the ash monitoring system as occurred during the August-December 2006 summit eruption at the Southeast Crater (SEC) is shown. This eruption was characterized by lava flow effusions and vigorous Strombolian activity. Eighteen paroxysmal episodes occurred up to the end of November, forming weak ash plumes accompanied by moderate tephra fallout over Etna’s slopes. During these events, we applied a multidisciplinary approach to promptly monitor the paroxysmal activity and the associated tephra fallout, through analysis from seismic tremor and observation from live-cameras, sampling operations, mapping and analysis of the deposit. During the most significant episodes, we carried out textural and grain-size analysis on tephra samples and evaluated the whole grain-size deposit and the erupted volume, while numerical simulations of tephra dispersal allowed better understanding eruptive dynamics. An example of this methodology is applied to the 16 November episode, during which seismic tremor furnished important constraints on the chronology. This paroxysmal eruption produced light fallout on the north-east sector of the volcano for about ten hours and a number of debris-avalanches over the slopes of the SEC cone. The erupted deposit was composed for the most part of lithic components and characterized by a whole grain-size distribution centered on 2.2 , while its total mass was evaluated 7 x 106 kg. On the whole, such integrated studies help to obtain information on magma fragmentation and eruptive mechanisms, to characterize the explosive styles shown by Etna and finally, to better approach the monitoring of imminent eruptions.
    Beschreibung: FIRB Italian project “Sviluppo Nuove Tecnologie per la Protezione e Difesa del Territorio dai Rischi Naturali” funded by Italian Minister of University and Research
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 123-134
    Beschreibung: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Etna ; volcanic ash monitoring ; tephra deposit ; 2006 eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
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    Relationships between magmatism and tectonics in a continental rift: The Pantelleria Island region (Sicily Channel, Italy) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-14
    Beschreibung: Field geological data of the Pantelleria Island, a large Late Quaternary volcano located in the Sicily Channel rift zone, integrated with offshore geophysical information, are used to derive the structural setting of the Island and the surrounding region, and to analyse the relationships between tectonics and magmatism. Field work shows that the principal faults exposed on the Island fall into two systems trending NNE–SSW and NW–SE. Mapped faults from offshore multichannel seismic profiles show similar trends, and some of them represent the offshore extension of the Pantelleria Island structures. The NW–SE faults bound the Pantelleria Graben, one of the three main depressions formed since the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene within the African continental platform, which compose the Sicily Channel rift zone. A 3-D Moho depth geometry, derived from inversion of Bouguer gravity data, shows a significant uplift of the discontinuity up to 16–17 km beneath the westernmost part of the Pantelleria Graben and beneath the Pantelleria Island; it lows rapidly to 24–25 km away from the graben northeastward and south-westward. The Moho uplift could explain the presence of a shallow magma chamber in the southern part of the Island, where processes of magmatic differentiation are documented. Geological and geophysical data suggest that the northwestern part of the Sicily Channel is presently dominated by a roughly E–W directed extensional regime. Crustal cracking feeding the Quaternary volcanism could be also related to this extensional field that would be further responsible for the development of the N–S trending volcanic belt that extends in the Sicily Channel from Lampedusa Island to the Graham Bank. This mode of deformation is confirmed also by geodetic data. This implies that in the northwestern part of the Sicily Channel, the E–W extension replaced the NE–SW crustal stretching that originated the NW-trending tectonic depressions constituting the rift zone. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 32-46
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Pantelleria Island ; Channel rift zone ; structural analysis ; Quaternary volcanism ; gravity modelling ; tectonic extension ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 6
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    Paleomagnetic analysis of curved thrust belts reproduced by physical models (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-14
    Beschreibung: This paper presents a new methodology for studying the evolution of curved mountain belts by means of paleomagnetic analyses performed on analogue models. Eleven models were designed aimed at reproducing various tectonic settings in thin-skinned tectonics. Our models analyze in particular those features reported in the literature as possible causes for peculiar rotational patterns in the outermost as well as in the more internal fronts. In all the models the sedimentary cover was reproduced by frictional low-cohesion materials (sand and glass micro-beads), which detached either on frictional or on viscous layers. These latter were reproduced in the models by silicone. The sand forming the models has been previously mixed with magnetite-dominated powder. Before deformation, the models were magnetized by means of two permanent magnets generating within each model a quasi-linear magnetic field of intensity variable between 20 and 100 mT. After deformation, the models were cut into closely spaced vertical sections and sampled by means of 1x1-cm Plexiglas cylinders at several locations along curved fronts. Care was taken to collect paleomagnetic samples only within virtually undeformed thrust sheets, avoiding zones affected by pervasive shear. Afterwards, the natural remanent magnetization of these samples was measured, and alternating field demagnetization was used to isolate the principal components. The characteristic components of magnetization isolated were used to estimate the vertical-axis rotations occurring during model deformation. We find that indenters pushing into deforming belts from behind form non-rotational curved outer fronts. The more internal fronts show oroclinal-type rotations of a smaller magnitude than that expected for a perfect orocline. Lateral symmetrical obstacles in the foreland colliding with forward propagating belts produce non-rotational outer curved fronts as well, whereas in between and inside the obstacles a perfect orocline forms only when the ratio between obstacles’ distance and thickness of the cover is greater than 10. Finally, when a belt collides with an obstacle in the foreland oblique to the shortening direction the outer front displays rotations opposite in sign to oroclinal-type rotations, whereas the internal fronts seem to assume an "oroclinal type" rotational pattern. Furthermore rotation is easier in laterally unconfined models, i.e. when the wedge can "escape" laterally. The results from our models may be useful when compared to paleomagnetic rotations detected in natural arcs. In these cases, our results may allow for better understanding the tectonic setting controlling the genesis of curved mountain fronts, as is the case of the Gela Nappe of Sicily we compare with some of our models.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 633-654
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): paleomagnetism ; tectonic rotations ; physical models ; arcuate belts ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    The July-August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna (Sicily) (2008)
    Springer-Verlag
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The July-August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna stimulated widespread public and media interest, caused significant damage to tourist facilities, and for several days threatened the town of Nicolosi on the S flank of the volcano. Seven eruptive fissures were active, five on the S flank between 3050 and 2100 m altitude, and two on the NE flank between 3080 and 2600 m elevation. All produced lava flows over various periods during the eruption, the most voluminous of which reached a length of 6.9 km. Mineralogically the 2001 lavas fall into two distinct groups, indicating that magma was supplied through two different and largely independent pathways, one extending laterally from the central conduit system through radial fissures, the other being a vertically ascending eccentric dike. Furthermore one of the eccentric vents, at 2570 m elevation, was the site of vigorous phreatomagmatic activity as the dike cut through a shallow aquifer, both during the intial and closing stages of the eruption. For six days the magma column feeding this vent was more or less effectively sealed from the aquifer, permitting powerful explosive and effusive magmatic activity. While the eruption was characterized by a highly dynamic evolution, complex interactions between some of the eruptive fissures, and changing eruptive styles, its total volume (~25 x 106 m3 of lava and 5-10 x 106 m3 of pyroclastics) was relatively small in comparison with other recent eruptions of Etna. Effusion rates were calculated on a daily basis and reached peaks of 14-16 m3 s-1 while the average effusion rate at all fissures was about 11 m3 s-1, which is not exceptionally high. The eruption showed a number of peculiar features, but none of these (except the contemporaneous lateral and eccentric activity) represented a significant deviation from Etna's eruptive behavior in the long term. However, the 2001 eruption could be but the first in a series of flank eruptions, some of which might be more voluminous and hazardous. Placed in a long-term context, the eruption confirms a distinct trend, initiated during the past 50 years, toward higher production rates and more frequent eruptions, which might bring Etna back to similar levels of activity as during the early to mid 17th century.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 461-476
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Etna ; 2001 eruption ; Lava flow-field evolution ; Central-lateral vs. eccentric activity ; Phreatomagmatism ; Eruption dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 8
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    Effusive Activity at Mount Etna Volcano (Italy) During the 20th Century: A Contribution to Volcanic Hazard Assessment (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Mount Etna is an open conduit volcano, characterised by persistent activity, consisting of degassing and explosive phenomena at summit craters, frequent flank eruptions, and more rarely, eccentric eruptions. All eruption typologies can give rise to lava flows, which represent the greatest hazard by the volcano to the inhabited areas. Historical documents and scientific papers related to the 20th century effusive activity have been examined in detail, and volcanological parameters have been compiled in a database. The cumulative curve of emitted lava volume highlights the presence of two main eruptive periods: (a) the 1900–1971 interval, characterised by a moderate slope of the curve, amounting to 436 · 106 m3 of lava with average effusion rate of 0.2 m3/s and (b) the 1971–1999 period, in which a significant increase in eruption frequency is associated with a large issued lava volume (767 · 106 m3) and a higher effusion rate (0.8 m3/s). The collected data have been plotted to highlight different eruptive behaviour as a function of eruptive periods and summit vs. flank eruptions. The latter have been further subdivided into two categories: eruptions characterised by high effusion rates and short duration, and eruptions dominated by low effusion rate, long duration and larger volume of erupted lava. Circular zones around the summit area have been drawn for summit eruptions based on the maximum lava flow length; flank eruptions have been considered by taking into account the eruptive fracture elevation and combining them with lava flow lengths of 4 and 6 km. This work highlights that the greatest lava flow hazard at Etna is on the south and east sectors of the volcano. This should be properly considered in future land-use planning by local authorities.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 407–443
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Etna ; effusive activity ; database ; lava flow length ; eruptive fractures ; vent elevation ; hazard zonation ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Magnetic fabric of clay sediments from the external northern Apennines (Italy) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We report on the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) analyses of fine-grained sediments deposited during the Messinian in foredeep basins at the front of the northern Apenninic chain. The data refer to 32 sampling sites, mostly distributed in the fine-grained intervals of the Laga and Colombacci formations, extending along the belt for a total length of about 300 km. Rock magnetism analyses indicate that the magnetic susceptibility and its anisotropy are in most cases dominated by the paramagnetic minerals of the clay matrix. In order to delineate the contribution of the ferrimagnetic fraction to the overall susceptibility fabric, the anisotropy of the anhysteretic remanent magnetisation was investigated at some representative sites. The magnetic fabric of the studied sediments mostly reflects the effects of compaction, showing a predominant magnetic foliation parallel to the bedding piane. At all the sites a well distinct magnetic lineation was also found, which is parallel to the fold axes and thrust fronts, both at local and regional scales. This feature is maintained in sequences that differ for sedimentological character and age, implying that the magnetic lineation was produced by a mild tectonic overprint of the primary sedimentary-compactional fabric. The relationship between the magnetic lineation trends and the vertical axis rotations detected by Speranza et al. [Speranza, F., Sagnotti, L.. Mattei, M., 1997. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 3153-3166] indicates that the magnetic lineation formed during the compressive phases of the Messinian-early Pliocene, when the Apenninic front was almost rectilinear and oriented N32O°.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 73-93
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): magnetic anisotropy ; rock strain ; northern Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Intrusion of eccentric dikes: The case of the 2001 eruption and its role in the dynamics of Mt. Etna volcano (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The 2001 eruption represents one of the most studied events both from volcanological and geophysical point of view on Mt. Etna. This eruption was a crucial event in the recent dynamic of the volcano, marking the passage from a period (March 1993 – June 2001) of moderate stability with slow, continuous flank sliding and contemporaneous summit eruptions, to a period (July 2001 to present) of dramatically increased flank deformations and flank eruptions. We show new GPS data and high precision relocation of seismicity in order to demonstrate the role of the 2001 intrusive phase in this change of the dynamic regime of the volcano. GPS data consist of two kinematic surveys carried out on 12 July, a few hours before the beginning of the seismic swarm, and on 17 July, just after the onset of eruptive activity. A picture of the spatial distribution of the sin-eruptive seismicity has been obtained using the HypoDD relocation algorithm based on the double-difference (DD) technique. Modeling of GPS measurements reveal a southward motion of the upper southern part of the volcano, driven by a NNW-SSE structure showing mainly left-lateral kinematics. Precise hypocenter location evidences an aseismic zone at about sea level, where the magma upraise was characterized by a much higher velocity and an abrupt westward shift, revealing the existence of a weakened or ductile zone. These results reveal how an intrusion of a dike can severely modify the shallow stress field, triggering significant flank failure. In 2001, the intrusion was driven by a weakened surface, which might correspond to a decollement plane of the portion of the volcano affected by flank instability, inducing an additional stress testified by GPS measurements and seismic data, which led to an acceleration of the sliding flanks.
    Beschreibung: In press
    Beschreibung: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Beschreibung: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Stress release ; Dike ; Volcano-tectonics ; Flank instability ; Mount Etna ; Instrumental monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Structural features of the 2007 Stromboli eruption (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: On 27 February 2007, two NE–SW and NNW–SSE dike-fed effusive vents opened to the North (at 650 and 400 m above sea level, asl) of the summit craters at Stromboli, forming a fissure parallel to the inner walls of the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF) sector collapse depression. The formation of these vents was soon followed by rapid subsidence of the summit crater area. This partly obstructed the central conduit, temporarily choking the fissure and increasing the deformation of the upper part of SdF. The reactivation of the NNW–SSE vent and the opening of a new vent located at 500 m asl, fed by a second dike, released the internal pressure and surface deformation ceased. The eruption then continued again from the 400 m vent, after a summit explosion on 15 March, until ending in early April after a progressive decrease of magma output. Repeated NE–SW dike intrusions have occurred in recent years, close to the upper SE limit of the SdF. In that zone, named Bastimento, the eruptive fractures traced the discontinuities that borders the SdF, increasing the risk of triggering new sector collapse. Whereas the NE–SW trending structures lie along the regional volcanostructural trend of the Aeolian arc through Stromboli, the NNW–SSE vents are oblique to this trend and may be controlled by the anomalous stress field within the unstable flank of the SdF. Another fundamental aspect of the 2007 eruption is the collapse of the central conduit, due to the rapid and deep magma drainage linked to the opening of the 400 m vent. The intrusion of dikes and development of flank vents during the 2007 eruption could possibly have triggered catastrophic landslides and related tsunami or eruptive paroxysms, but the opening of new effusive vents released the internal pressures, diminishing the hazard.
    Beschreibung: In press
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): 2007 Stromboli eruption ; Dike-fed vent ; Volcano-Tectonics ; Conduit collapse ; Flank instability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Comparison between different methodologies for detecting Radon in soil along an active fault: the case of the Pernicana fault system, Mt. Etna (Italy) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Three different methodologies were used to measure Radon (222Rn) in soil, based on both passive and active detection system. The first technique consisted of Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD), CR-39 type, and allowed integrated measurements. The second one consisted of a portable device for short time measurements. The last consisted of a continuous measurement device for extended monitoring, placed in selected sites. Soil 222Rn activity was measured together with soil Thoron (220Rn) and soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux, and it was compared with the content of radionuclides in the rocks. Two different soil gas horizontal transects were investigated across the Pernicana fault system (NE flank of Mount Etna), from November 2006 to April 2007. The results obtained with the three methodologies are in a general agreement with each other and reflect the tectonic settings of the investigated study area. The lowest 222Rn values were recorded just on the fault plane, and relatively higher values were recorded a few tens of meters from the fault axis on both of its sides. This pattern could be explained as a dilution effect resulting from high rates of soil CO2 efflux. Time variations of 222Rn activity were mostly linked to atmospheric influences, whereas no significant correlation with the volcanic activity was observed. In order to further investigate regional radon distributions, spot measurements were made to identify sites having high Rn emissions that could subsequently be monitored for temporal radon variations.. SSNTD measurements allow for extended-duration monitoring of a relatively large number of sites, although with some loss of temporal resolution due to their long integration time. Continuous monitoring probes are optimal for detailed time monitoring, but because of their expense, they can best be used to complement the information acquired with SSNTD in a network of monitored sites.
    Beschreibung: In press
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Soil Radon and Thoron activity ; soil CO2 efflux ; Pernicana fault system ; Mount Etna ; volcano-tectonic monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.07. Radioactivity and isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    What makes flank eruptions? The 2001 Etna eruption and its possible triggering mechanisms (2008)
    Springer-Verlag
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Most flank eruptions within a central stratovolcano are triggered by lateral draining of magma from its central conduit, and only few eruptions appear to be independent of the central conduit. In order to better highlight the dynamics of flank eruptions in a central stratovolcano, we review the eruptive history of Etna over the last 100 years. In particular, we take into consideration the Mount Etna eruption in 2001, which showed both summit activity and a flank eruption interpreted to be independent from the summit system. The eruption started with the emplacement of a ~N-S trending peripheral dike, responsible for the extrusion of 75% of the total volume of the erupted products. The rest of the magma was extruded through the summit conduit system (SE crater), feeding two radial dikes. The distribution of the seismicity and structures related to the propagation of the peripheral dike and volumetric considerations on the erupted magmas exclude a shallow connection between the summit and the peripheral magmatic systems during the eruption. Even though the summit and the peripheral magmatic systems were independent at shallow depths (〈3 km b.s.l.), petro-chemical data suggest that a common magma rising from depth fed the two systems. This deep connection resulted in the extrusion of residual magma from the summit system and of new magma from the peripheral system. Gravitational stresses predominate at the surface, controlling the emplacement of the dikes radiating from the summit; conversely, regional tectonics, possibly related to N-S trending structures, remains the most likely factor to have controlled at depth the rise of magma feeding the peripheral eruption.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 517-529
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Central volcanoes ; Summit and flank eruptions ; Dikes ; Tectonics ; Volcano load ; Mount Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    An exceptional case of endogenous lava dome growth (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: During an eruption at the Bocca Nuova, one of the summit craters of Mt. Etna, in October-November 1999 a part of the crater floor near its WNW rim was uplifted to form a dome-shaped feature that consisted of older lava and pyroclastics filling the crater. This endogenous dome grew rapidly over the crater rim, thus being perched precariously over the steep outer slope of the Bocca Nuova, and near-continuous collapse of its steep flanks generated swiftly moving pyroclastic avalanches over a period of several hours. These avalanches advanced at speeds of 10-20 m s-1 and extended up to 0.7 km from their source on top of lavas emplaced immediately before. Their deposits were subsequently covered by lava flows that issued from vents below the front of the dome and from the Bocca Nuova itself. Growth of the dome was caused by the vertical intrusion of magma in the marginal W part of the crater, which deformed and uplifted previously emplaced, still hot and plastically deformable eruptive products filling the crater. The resulting avalanches had all characteristics of pyroclastic flows spawned by collapse of unstable flanks of lava domes, but in this case the magma involved was of mafic (hawaiitic) composition and would have, under normal circumstances, produced fluid lava flows. The formation of the dome and the generation of the pyroclastic avalanches owe their occurrence to the rheological properties of the eruptive products filling the crater, which were transformed into the dome, and to the morphological configuration of the Bocca Nuova and its surroundings. The density contrast between successive erupted products may also have played a role. Although events of this type are to be considered exceptional at Etna, their recurrence might represent a serious hazard to visitors to the summit area.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 115-128
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Etna ; Bocca Nuova ; endogenous lava dome ; pyroclastic avalanches ; magma ascent ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Modes of fault reactivation from analogue modeling experiments: implications for the seismotectonics of the southern Adriatic foreland (Italy) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: 14th MAEGS Volume
    Beschreibung: The active tectonics at the front of the Southern Apennines and in the Adriatic foreland is characterized by E-W striking, right-lateral seismogenic faults, interpreted as reactivated inherited discontinuities. The best studied among these is the Molise-Gondola shear zone (MGsz). The interaction of these shear zones with the Apennines chain is not yet clear. To address this open question we developed a set of scaled analogue experiments, aimed at analyzing: 1) how dextral strike-slip motion along a pre-existing zone of weakness within the foreland propagates toward the surface and affects the orogenic wedge; 2) the propagation of deformation as a function of increasing displacement; 3) any insights on the active tectonics of Southern Italy. Our results stress the primary role played by these inherited structures when reactivated, and confirm that regional EW dextral shear zones are a plausible way of explaining the seismotectonic setting of the external areas of the Southern Apennines.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2-13
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Active fault ; Strike-slip kinematics ; Fault reactivation ; Sandbox model ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 16
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    Unbekannt
    The role of pre-existing thrust faults and topography on the styles of extension in the Gran Sasso range (central Italy) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Structural analysis and field mapping together with simple geometrical and flexural elastic models, document that two styles of Quaternary extensional tectonics characterized the Gran Sasso range (central Apennines, Italy). In the western part of the range, extension took place on 10–15-km-long range-front normal faults with associated 600–1000-m-high escarpments showing evidence of Late Glacial–Holocene activity. This topography has been reproduced with a thin elastic plate subjected to the isostatic forces induced by the movement along high-angle (55°–65°) planar normal faults. In the eastern part of the belt extension occurred on shallow-dipping normal faults (30°–35°) which reactivated progressively deeper pre-existing thrusts. In this area antithetic "domino" faults formed to accommodate the mechanical adjustment of the hanging-wall over a variably dipping major fault surface. The eastward increase in shortening, due to the earlier compressional phase, documented in the Gran Sasso belt by previous authors, accounts for the more developed zones of weakness and high topographic relief in the eastern sector. This setting could explain the different styles of extension and the more advanced northeastern limit of normal faulting in the eastern sector. This work suggests that normal faults can originate either with low- or high-angle geometry in the upper crust according to the pre-existing tectonic setting and that topography could be important in controlling the geometry and pattern of migrating normal faulting.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 229-254
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): extensional tectonics ; Quaternary ; thrust faults ; topography ; Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
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    Unbekannt
    Seismic activity in the transition zone between Southern and Central Apennines (Italy): Evidences of longitudinal extension inside the Ortona–Roccamonfina tectonic line (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We analyze the 1997–2006 seismicity of the transition zone between Southern and Central Apennines, which is one of the most active seismic areas of Italy. Our aim is to add information on the seismotectonic picture of this area. Seismic activity is characterized by single events with Mb3.0 and low magnitude (Mb4.0) seismic sequences (1997–98 and 2005) and swarms (1999, 2000 and 2001). Hypocenters are within the upper 15 km of the crust. The epicentral distribution of the relocated seismicity shows that single events prevalently align NW–SE along the Apennine chain axis. This seismicity is related to the main, NE–SW extension affecting the chain. Single events concentrate also: at the south of the seismogenetic source responsible for the 1915 earthquake, where the 2000 swarm occurred; between the faults of the 1984 and 1805 events, where the 2001 sequence developed; between the faults of the 1805 and 1688 events, where the 1997–1998 seismic sequence concentrated. The seismic swarms occurred in 1999, 2000 and 2005 are located inside the Ortona– Roccamonfina structural line, which strikes NNE–SSW and separates the Central Apennines from the Southern ones. The epicentral distribution of these swarms and focal mechanisms suggest the presence of active NE–SW faults moving in response to a NW–SE extension. The results of the strain analysis on 52 wellconstrained focal mechanisms evidence a prevailing NE–SW extension, corresponding to the large scale stress field acting in the Apennine Chain, and a second-order NW–SE extension. This last direction of extension was already observed in the 1997–98 and 2001 seismic sequences. The location of the NE–SW striking faults responsible for the seismic swarms suggest that some segments of the Ortona–Roccamonfina line are still active and move in response to both the NE–SW regional extension of Southern Apennines, and to a NW–SE striking longitudinal extension.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 102-110
    Beschreibung: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Beschreibung: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Apennines ; seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Dike propagation in volcanic edifices: Overview and possible developments (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Eruptions are often fed by dikes; therefore, better knowledge of dike propagation is necessary to improve our understanding of how magma is transferred and extruded at volcanoes. This study presents an overview of dike patterns and the factors controlling dike propagation within volcanic edifices. Largely based on published data, three main types of dikes (regional, circumferential and radial) are illustrated and discussed. Dike pattern data from 25 volcanic edifices in different settings are compared to derive semi-quantitative relationships between the topography (relief, shape, height, and presence of sector collapses) of the volcano, tectonic setting (presence of a regional stress field), and mean composition (SiO2 content). The overview demonstrates how dike propagation in a volcano is not a random process; rather, it depends from the following factors (listed in order of importance): the presence of relief, the shape of the edifice and regional tectonic control. We find that taller volcanoes develop longer radial dikes, whose (mainly lateral) propagation is independent of the composition of magma or the aspect ratio of the edifice. Future research, starting from these preliminary evaluations, should be devoted to identifying dike propagation paths and likely locations of vent formation at specific volcanoes, to better aid hazards assessment.
    Beschreibung: In press
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): dikes ; volcanoes ; topography ; tectonic setting ; eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 19
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    Unbekannt
    Volcanological inferences from seismic-strain tensor computations at Mt. Etna Volcano, Sicily (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Kostrov's (1974) algorithm for seismic-strain tensor computations, in the version implemented by Wyss et al. (1992a) for error estimates, has been applied to shear-type earthquakes occurring beneath the Etna volcano during 1990-1996. Space-time variations of strain orientations and amplitudes have been examined jointly with ground-deformation and gravimetric data collected in the same period and reported in the literature. Taking also into account the information available from volcanological observations and structural geology, we propose a model assuming that hydraulic pressure by magma emplaced in nearly north-south vertical structures produces the E-W orientation of the maximum compressive strain found in the upper 10 km beneath the crater area. In contrast, regional tectonics deriving from the slow, north-south convergence between the African and European plates appear to play a dominant role in the generation of stress and strain fields at crustal depths deeper than 10 km below the volcano. According to our interpretation, the progressive ascent of magma through the upper crust prior to eruption produces the observed gravity changes, cone inflation and unusual seismic strain rate in the upper 10 km associated with a more sharply defined seismic deformation regime (i.e. very small confidence limits of the epsilon 1 orientation). In agreement with this model, deflation revealed by ground-deformation data during the course of the major 1991-1993 eruption was accompanied by a practically nil level of shallow seismicity.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 318-330
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Etna ; Italy ; Earthquakes ; Seismic strain ; Stress inversion ; Volcanic processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 20
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    Unbekannt
    Paleo-environmental and volcano-tectonic evolution of the southeastern £ank of Mt. Etna during the last 225 ka inferred from the volcanic succession of the ‘Timpe’, Acireale, Sicily (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The tectonic escarpments locally known as ‘Timpe’ cut a large sector of the eastern flank of Etna, and allow an ancient volcanic succession dating back to 225 ka to be exposed. Geological and volcanological investigations carried out on this succession have allowed us to recognize relevant angular unconformities and volcanic features which are the remnants of eruptive fissures, as well as important changes in the nature, composition and magmatic affinity of the exposed volcanics. In particular, the recognition in the lower part of the succession of important and unequivocal evidence of ancient eruptive fissures led us to propose a local origin for these volcanics and to revise previous interpretations which attributed their westward-dipping to the progressive tectonic tilting of strata. These elements led us to reinterpret the main features of the volcanic activity occurring since 250 ka BP and their relationship with tectonic structures active in the eastern flank of Etna. We propose a complex paleo-environmental and volcanotectonic evolution of the southeastern flank of Mt. Etna, in which the Timpe fault system played the role of the crustal structure that allowed the rise and eruption of magmas in the above considered time span.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 289-306
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Mount Etna ; tectonics ; fisssure eruptions ; columnar basalt ; fault escarpment ; xenoliths ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 21
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    Multiple hydro-fracturing by boron-rich fluids in the Late Miocene contact aureole of eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy), a shallow crustal level felsic, tourmaline-bearing, dyke-sill swarm of Late Miocene age is associated with abundant tourmaline-quartz hydrothermal veins and metasomatic masses. Development of these veins and masses in the host rocks demonstrates multiple hydro-fracturing by magmatic, boron-rich saline fluid. Tourmalines in felsic dykes are schorl, whereas in veins and metasomatic masses, tourmaline composition ranges from schorl-dravite through dravite to uvite. This compositional shift is evidence for an increasing contribution to the magmatic boron-rich fluids by a Mg-Ca-Ti-rich external component represented by biotite-rich and amphibolite host rocks. This system can be envisaged as an exposed proxy of the high temperature hydrothermal system presently active in the deepest part of the Larderello-Travale geothermal field (Tuscany).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 318-326
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Hydro-fractures ; geothermal systems ; Magmatism ; southern Tuscany ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
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    Hazards from pyroclastic density currents at Mt. Etna (Italy) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-03
    Beschreibung: Despite the recent recognition of Mount Etna as a periodically violently explosive volcano, the hazards from various types of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) have until now received virtually no attention at this volcano. Large-scale pyroclastic flows last occurred during the caldera-forming Ellittico eruptions, 15–16 ka ago, and the risk of them occurring in the near future is negligible. However, minor PDCs can affect much of the summit area and portions of the upper flanks of the volcano. During the past ~ 20 years, small pyroclastic flows or base-surge-like vapor and ash clouds have occurred in at least 8 cases during summit eruptions of Etna. Four different mechanisms of PDC generation have been identified during these events: (1) collapse of pyroclastic fountains (as in 2000 and possibly in 1986); (2) phreatomagmatic explosions resulting from mixing of lava with wet rock (2006); (3) phreatomagmatic explosions resulting from mixing of lava with thick snow (2007); (4) disintegration of the unstable flanks of a lava dome-like structure growing over the rim of one of the summit craters (1999). All of these recent PDCs were of a rather minor extent (maximum runout lengths were about 1.5 km in November 2006 and March 2007) and thus they represented no threat for populated areas and human property around the volcano. Yet, events of this type pose a significant threat to the lives of people visiting the summit area of Etna, and areas in a radius of 2 km from the summit craters should be off-limits anytime an event capable of producing similar PDCs occurs. The most likely source of further PDCs in the near future is the Southeast Crater, the youngest, most active and most unstable of the four summit craters of Etna, where 6 of the 8 documented recent PDCs originated. It is likely that similar hazards exist in a number of volcanic settings elsewhere, especially at snow- or glacier-covered volcanoes and on volcano slopes strongly affected by hydrothermal alteration.
    Beschreibung: In press
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Etna ; Pyroclastic density currents ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
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    Observations of Mt. Etna volcanic ash plumes in 2006: an integrated approach from ground-based and polar satellite NOAA-AVHRR monitoring system (2008)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Mt. Etna, in Sicily (Italy), is one of the world’s most frequent emitters of volcanic plumes. During the last ten years, Etna has produced copious tephra emission and fallout that have damaged the inhabited and cultivated areas on its slopes and created serious hazards to air traffic. Recurrent closures of the Catania International airport have often been necessary, causing great losses to the local economy. Recently, frequent episodes of ash emission, lasting from a few hours to days, occurred from July to December 2006, necessitating a look at additional monitoring techniques, such as remote sensing. The combination of a ground monitoring system, with polar satellite data represents a novel approach to monitor Etna’s eruptive activity and makes Etna one of the few volcanoes for which this surveillance combination is routinely available. In this work, ash emission information derived from an integrated approach, based on comparing ground and NOAA-AVHRR polar satellite observations, is presented. This approach permits us to define the utility of real time satellite monitoring systems for both sporadic and continuous ash emissions. Using field data (visible observations, collection of tephra samples and accounts by local inhabitants), the duration and intensity of most of the tephra fallout events were evaluated in detail and, in some cases, the order of magnitude of the erupted volume was estimated. The ground data vs. satellite data comparison allowed us to define five different categories of Etna volcanic plumes according to their extension and length, while taking into account plume height and wind intensity. Using frequent and good quality satellite data in real time, this classification scheme could prove helpful for investigations into a possible correlation between eruptive intensity and the presence and concentration of ash in the volcanic plume. The development and improvement of this approach may constitute a powerful warning system for Civil Protection, thus preventing unnecessary airport closures.
    Beschreibung: FIRB B5 Italian project “Sviluppo Nuove Tecnologie per la Protezione e Difesa del Territorio dai Rischi Naturali” funded by MIUR
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 135–147
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): volcanic ash ; Mt. Etna ; ground monitoring ; NOAA–AVHRR ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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