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  • Articles  (1,736)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1,646)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Emerald
  • Frontiers Media
  • 2020-2022
  • 1995-1999  (1,736)
  • 1998  (1,736)
  • Physics  (1,646)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (90)
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  • Articles  (1,736)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 1995-1999  (1,736)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food and nutritional intake at high altitude (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Individuals who ascend to altitude too rapidly invariably develop acute mountain sickness (AMS) although a high carbohydrate diet may lessen these symptoms. Specific questions addressed in this study were: changes in diet prior to sojourning at altitude; changes in food consumption/nutritional intake, food acceptability, flavour and taste intensities. Nineteen subjects assembled for three days at sea level for baseline measurements consuming a diet of dehydrated rations. This regimen was repeated 18 days later in the Bolivian Andes at approximately 5,600m once subjects were acclimatised. Results confirm a common phenomenon; a reduced dietary intake and body weight loss at high altitude. Other results, flavour and taste intensities and overall food acceptability indicate the suitability of these foods in both environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810196255
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food hygiene information: power to the people? (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 138-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The issues of microbial food poisoning are never far from the headlines. Of particular concern is the emergence of strains of increased virulence, for example Escherichia coli 0157. As we are likely to be faced with a succession of food hygiene challenges in our kitchens, do consumers have access to the information they need and is it presented in such a way that it encourages and motivates towards good food handling and food hygiene practices? This paper concentrates on a range of food hygiene information provided by the Government, the Health Education Authority and the media. The information is examined with respect to availability, content and context. Observations are made from sociological, scientific and visual communications perspectives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810208288
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycotoxins and food safety (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 260-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A review of the food safety implications of crops contaminated by mycotoxins. Each of the most important mycotoxins, aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and patulin, are described individually with details of national and international safety evaluations and the UK's controls to protect consumer safety. The state of play of EC proposals to harmonise national laws on mycotoxins is also described. Consumer perceptions of risk from these natural toxicants are assessed. Mycotoxins present a potential threat to consumer safety. Continued vigilance is necessary to ensure that regulatory and advisory limits are complied with. MAFF surveys regularly check the foods most at risk of contamination and where a problem is unearthed, consumers and industry are alerted as soon as possible through rapid publication procedures. Subsequent monitoring of the situation ensures that effective action is taken to protect consumer safety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810224172
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A code of practice for food labelling (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 193-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The paper describes the results of consumer research undertaken by the Co-operative Wholesale Society which influenced it to develop a code of practice for labelling pre-packed foods. Areas where consumers feel they are misled by current labelling practice are highlighted. The content of the code is described against a background of current legal requirements. Its principal areas of application concern the name of the food, origin marking, presentation, nutrition labelling and claims and quantitative ingredient declaration. The further development of the code is outlined by reference to industry and consumer contributions and its potential within the Food Standards Agency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810215307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agenda 2000 (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 198-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Discusses the proposals for reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) contained in the European Commission's Agenda 2000 document in the context of previous reforms of the CAP and the GATT Agreement on Agriculture. Identifies the obstacles to CAP reform and the problems of extending the policy to embrace the countries of Eastern and Central Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810214597
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proposing fortification of foods with yeast for optimal nutrition value and salubrious effects (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 223-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A proposal for the addition of yeast in routine and clinical diets for optimal nutrition of human beings was made on the premiss of its salubrious effects in laboratory and farm animals. The strong points in favour of the supplement are its ancient use in brewery and bakery production for human consumption, its cultural acceptability and freedom from pathogenicity, allergenicity, toxicity or carcinogenicity. Recommendations for clinical trials with humans were made to confirm a list of tentative advantages obtained in trials with animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810215163
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The economics of food safety (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Discusses the financial implications of maintaining acceptable levels of food safety. The case of BSE is used as an example - loss of export market, fall in domestic sales, changes in consumption, large expenditure, cost of practice changes in rearing and slaughtering animals. There is a trade-off between safety and costs. How much safety can be expected? There must be an optimum level of safety. There are few ways in which a market economy can "fail" in providing the optimum - asymmetry in knowledge of risks; aspects of food safety which are public goods; social costs of food safety and the divergence between objective scientific evidence and consumer perception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810224163
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositional changes and spoilage in fish - an introduction (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Presents the compositional and spoilage changes in fish - useful for determining the freshness for eating. Chemical and microbiological methods are focused on. Breakdowns in chemical components lead to detectable changes - odour, flavour and texture. Changes to the fats, protein, nucleotides, non-protein nitrogen compounds and enzymes are examined. These means are more valid when dealing with preserved and frozen fish and can give accurate assessment as to fish quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810224208
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caffeine, coffee and health (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 314-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Examines the history of coffee drinking. Describes the constituents of coffee and its physiological effects on the drinker. Reviews the research done in the past on caffeine's effects on health. Recommends a safe level of consumption at between 300-400mg of caffeine per day which translates to four or five cups of average strength coffee.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810235215
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositional changes and spoilage in fish (part II) - microbiological induced deterioration (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 325-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Covers the quantitative and qualitative aspects of micro-organisms present in fish and the factors which affect sea food quality. Several methods can be employed to counter deterioration - low temperature, storage, dehydration, canning, modified atmosphere, packaging, irradiation and chemical or biological preservatives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810235242
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Waste minimisation in the food and drink industry (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 330-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the food and retailing sector only 25 per cent of companies were found to operate waste minimisation programmes. The benefits of waste minimisation are well proven in both financial and environmental terms. Large food companies have found they can make savings of millions of pounds by implementing waste minimisation strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810235260
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of ispaghula husk in the treatment of premenstrual constipation-type symptoms (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 335-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is well documented that women are prone to constipation-type symptoms premenstrually. An increase in non-starch polysaccharide intake of 5.9 g/d in the form of palatable drink has proved to be of symptomatic benefit during the premenstrual phase of the cycle resulting in a significant increase in stool frequency, significant decreases in straining at the end of defecation and feelings of incomplete evacuation and the production of less well formed stools.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810235323
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recalled preference of Spanish consumers for smoked food (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 338-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The aim of the present study was to reveal if sensory properties of smoked food could be considered as decisive in the determination of one product's preference over another. In addition to this, this work tries to clarify whether the flavour obtained in commercial smoked products was noticed and clearly recognized. This study consisted of two parts; first, a preference testing without physical products (recalled preference) presented using a nine-point hedonic scale, and second, a difference testing with selected products using the triangular test. Consumers showed a preference for non-smoked products, particularly for cheese, sausages and chips. The first preference dimension of the internal preference mapping (MDPREF) analysis accounted for 74.6 per cent of total variation indicating overall agreement about likings relating these products, with cheese being the most acceptable overall. Analyzing triangular test results it may be concluded that other factors but sensory ones must be defining consumer representations of smoked food, without a correspondence with its real organoleptic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810235341
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Speciality and artisanal cheeses today: the product and the consumer (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 236-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This paper aims to identify and describe the determinants of consumer attitudes towards artisanal cheeses within the speciality cheese market and the reasons behind the growing interest in this premium value sector as evinced by two surveys of specialist food retailers and artisanal cheese consumers. The survey results obtained are presented in the context of a changing consumption culture and the concept of an emerging "postmodern" consumerism. Artisanal cheese consumers focus on the unique characteristics of the products and their distinctive character in relation to mass produced industrial cheeses. Price and functional properties of artisanal cheeses are less important in the consumer purchase decision. Artisanal cheese consumers are characterised by "variety seeking" behaviour. This is stimulated by the broad range of available flavours, tastes and cheese types and suggests a low degree of brand or even cheese-type loyalty among such consumers. The "plural" nature of the "speciality" cheese market accommodates well the highly individual and fragmented requirements of consumers of artisanal cheeses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810221454
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of blind substitution of aspartame-sweetened for sugar-sweetened soft drinks on appetite and mood (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 254-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: It has been suggested that habitual consumers of sugar experience "cravings" when deprived. Subjects (n = 27) who habitually consumed sugar-sweetened drinks were placed on a seven-day regime receiving either sugar-sweetened drinks, or aspartame-sweetened alternatives. A between-subjects design was used to prevent subjects comparing the drinks, which were given blind with the cover story that the study was testing a new drink. In fact commercial carbonated beverages were given. At the end, subjects were unable to guess which they had received. Subjects completed a prospective food diary and rated mood daily using the Profile of Mood States, as well as before and after each test drink, using simple visual analogue scales. Compared to subsequent days, on the first day of the study subjects receiving aspartame-sweetened drinks ate fewer grams of carbohydrate and had fewer sugar episodes (where sugars, or sugar-fat, or sugar-alcohol mixtures were consumed). Overall energy intake for the day was unaffected. By day two, there were no differences between the groups in diet or mood. Body weight at seven days was unaltered from baseline. Blind substitution of aspartame-sweetened for sugar-sweetened soft drinks did not increase other sugar consumption and did not adversely affect mood. Any effects of this dietary change appear transient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810221508
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in tastes in Britain, 1985-1992 (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The paper analyses data from the British Health and Lifestyles Survey of 1984/5 and the follow-up survey of 1992. It attempts to break down a large number of food consumption patterns into a smaller number of interpretable factors or tastes which are then used in statistical regression models to analyse the determinants and changes in the strengths of these tastes over time. The results show that the nature of change has been contradictory when looked at from a health-based perspective. Some tastes are changing in a healthier direction, while others are not. Social class, age, and gender are all shown to be significant determinants of taste in both time periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810230481
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    School meals: teenagers' attitudes to nutritional labelling and intended effects on food choice (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 320-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The study reports on a small-scale survey of teenagers' preferences for a selection of pre-prepared foods sold by the school cash cafeteria, nutritional knowledge towards fat, attitudes to nutritional labelling of school food and their intended change in eating behaviour prompted by nutritional labelling. Results suggest that the provision of simple nutritional labelling information on school meals in cash cafeterias in secondary schools could have a positive influence on children's choices of fat in school food and be a valuable educational resource to help in the long-term aim of reducing fat consumption for the whole UK population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810242118
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A single consumer or different types of consumer: an analysis of social types according to their consumer habits (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 326-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Based on the responses to a questionnaire about consumer behaviour carried out in Navarra. The aim of the present study is to classify the consumers in Navarra into homogeneous groups for the purpose of discovering the emergence of a "new consumer", characterized by certain "impulsive" behaviour such as buying items that are not needed, purchasing products which will not be used, etc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810242127
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The centenary of the , 1899-1999 - changing issues in food safety regulation and nutrition (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 433-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Describes the life history of the British Food Journal, its changing editorial team, ownership and editorial focus. The authors have used much wider source material than the archives of the journal, now in its 100th year. The journal was always closely identified with the safety of food, its adulteration and the government's duty to safeguard the public. The second section reviews the profession and role of the public analyst, in particular the history and development of the Society of Public Analysts. The next and longest section of the monograph is devoted to an interesting examination of food safety, nutrition and food manufacturing issues over the last 100 years. Many of the points raised are illustrated by excerpts from papers written in BFJ and included as Appendices to the monograph. Food irradiation was first raised as a subject in the journal in 1928! Bread and milk as staples in the British diet are looked at in some detail in terms of their ingredients and health properties. Some appendices have been included just for interest and provide brief snapshots of some of the main food concerns of the time, e.g. The Pure Food Society, the food we eat, food poisoning, a world food policy, the packaging of foods, food hygiene. Plus ça change ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810265889
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PPG6 and the contemporary UK food store development dynamic (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 154-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Tightened UK land-use planning regulation governing retail development, specifically the 1993 and 1996 revisions of the Department of the Environment's PPG6 Town Centres and Retail Developments, appeared to usher in a new era of more restricted and redirected food store expansion. This paper explores to what extent that restriction and redirection has occurred, sifts rhetoric from "reality" in the intense debates that have surrounded PPG6, poses alternative interpretations of the contemporary food store development dynamic, and assesses the food choice implications of these developments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810207540
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consumer behaviour towards yoghurt in Belgium and Poland: a survey in two regions (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The recent history of Poland is characterised by the process of transition from the centrally planned to a market-oriented economy and by the new challenge of preparing for joining the EU. Several authors indicate that Polish consumers are more and more similar to European consumers in terms of consumer behaviour. The research under consideration aims to identify similarities and differences between Polish and Belgian consumers with respect to consumer behaviour towards yoghurt. The choice of the dairy product yoghurt as a research subject is based on its remarkable consumption increase and product innovation rate during the previous decade. A survey of 400 respondents in the urban regions of Gent (Belgium) and Olsztyn (Poland) reveals statistically significant differences in consumption frequency, perception of product attributes and consumer attitude and preference towards yoghurt. The process of cross-national data gathering and analysis identifies topics of interest to food companies and marketeers seeking to enter markets in Central and Eastern Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810207883
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catering for older people in residential care homes (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 30-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A nutritional analysis of the weekly menus from 24 residential homes was conducted and information gathered by questionnaire on the planning, preparation and service of meals. The nutritional standard of the menus complied with many of the nutritional guidelines in the Caroline Walker Trust (CWT) Report (1995). Meals, if eaten, would provide sufficient energy and nutrients to meet most of the dietary needs of the elderly residents. However, the menus provided an inadequate amount of starch, fibre and Vitamin D and a higher than recommended level of sugar and salt. Menus complied with the recommendations in the CWT Report, with familiar traditional home cooked dishes, a variety of vegetables, different main course items and a selection of puddings. Adequate drinks and snacks were provided between formal meals. However, for many residents there was no choice at meals, meals were pre-plated and there was a lack of variety with weekly repeated meals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810196291
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  • 23
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    Listeria in the domestic environment (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The numbers of reported cases of Listeria particularly Listeria monocytogenes in the UK have remained at a relatively low level since the peak which occurred in 1988-1989. The majority of cases are sporadic and often the source of contamination is unknown. This study investigates the possibility that the home environment, which has previously been found to be the most common place of contamination for other bacteria, also provides a reservoir for human infection by Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810201014
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the acceptance of tofu-based products in the UK (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 84-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental studies were undertaken at Hollings Faculty, Manchester Metropolitan University, whereby soybean curd or tofu was incorporated into a range of sauces and casserole products. The newly developed products were then subjected to taste, texture and overall acceptability acceptance by targeted groups of consumers. The results of the study indicate that the potential market for tofu in the UK has not been fully exploited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810201032
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  • 25
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    Plant-based alternatives to meat (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 90-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Discusses the plant-based alternatives to meat. Looks at the production and uses of a range of meat alternatives from different sources including: soya beans; wheat protein; pea and wheat protein; and myco-protein. Compares the nutrient profiles with those of meat. Concludes that the way forward is to create new products based on plant proteins and to veganise existing vegetarian meat alternatives.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810201050
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    The National Health Survey - consumer attitudes to health and food (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 95-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Provides the background to ongoing research and the last decade's trends in consumer attitudes to health and food. Based on findings from the National Health Survey (UK) of women's attitudes to health focusing specially on food and drink. A total of 1,800 interviews are annually undertaken of a representative sample of women. Key issues over the last ten years have been salmonella and eggs, listeria, additives in food, fats in food and beef. All have led to changes in attitudes and behaviour change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810201069
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    Statistics for food science V: ANOVA and multiple comparisons (Part B) (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 41-48 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Describes multiple comparison procedures applied to three or more sample groups after ANOVA. Illustrates ANOVA applied to experiments with completely randomised design and randomised block design.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810196309
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    Managing the weed seedbank (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 80-83 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Weed control is essential in field vegetables but there has been a continual decline in the range of herbicides available. Growers aim to keep crops weed-free throughout to maintain yield, but a short weed-free period or even a single weeding can achieve the same result. In order to predict the optimum weeding period in advance, a realistic estimate is needed of the size, timing and duration of a flush of weed emergence in the crop. The weed seeds in the soil are the primary source of future weed populations, and this seedbank provides a unique resource for predictive management purposes. A preliminary model has been developed that combines information on the effect of burial depth of weed seeds on seedling emergence with a simulation of the incorporation and movement of seeds in soil following the use of different cultivation implements. The objective is to develop a suite of models which will provide a decision support system for weed control in field vegetables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810201023
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    You know it makes SENSE! (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 87-89 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summarises the reasons behind the formation of a network and support group for self-employed nutritionists (SENSE). Discusses the pros and cons of self-employment, and shows how the formation of SENSE is one way in which a con can be turned into a pro. Gives points of contact for potential members and users of the services that SENSE members offer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810201041
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    Statistics for food science - V part C: non-parametric ANOVA (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 102-108 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Describes non-parametric methods applied to comparisons of three or more sample groups.Illustrates non-parametric ANOVA applied to a randomized block design for a consumer sensory experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810201087
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    The National Diet and Nutrition Survey: people aged 65 years and over (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 133-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Commissioned by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, the Department of Health and carried out by Social and Community Planning Research and MRC Dunn Nutrition Unit, the dental hospitals of the Universities of Newcastle and Birmingham and the Department of Epidemiology of the University of London, this research forms part of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Set up in 1992 the surveys cover representative groups of the population and examine the diet of the over-65s in terms of actual dietary intake, habits, energy and nutrient intakes, physical measurements. Regional and socio-economic comparisons are made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810209791
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    Working in industry - a personal view (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 11-13 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This brief article, based on a careers talk to postgraduate students, outlines the role of the nutritionist in industry, and some of the skills, responsibilities and qualities needed. According to the Nutritionists in Industry Group, the last few years have seen substantial growth in the numbers of nutritionists and dietitians employed by the food and drink, medical, catering and other food-related industries. The job description of individuals employed by these companies and associations is extremely diverse and some nutritionists who are working alone may be expected to fulfil many different roles. Ultimately, nutritionists are employed by industry for their unique expertise and knowledge of current nutrition issues.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810196264
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    A vegan food guide for vegans: a possible approach (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 38-40 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Discusses the need for a food guide for vegans. Looks at the nutritional information and advice found in current popular vegan cookery books, including: sample menus; food groupings; food descriptions and recipes. Suggests a possible approach to a vegan food guide (VFG) incorporating foods suitable for this group. Concludes that more work needs to be undertaken in this area to develop the VFG and to ensure that the VFG is made readily available to vegans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810196318
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    Vitamin B - update (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 49-50 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reviews the recent Department of Health announcement on the safe intake of Vitamin B6. This announcement is a landmark since it distinguishes between levels of nutrients taken as nutritional supplements and those taken as drugs and prescribed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810196327
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    Public concerns about general and specific applications of genetic engineering: a comparative study between the UK and Italy (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 19-29 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Public opinion regarding the application and development of genetic engineering is likely to be an important factor influencing the future development of the technology, and its subsequent application within the commercial sector. Recent studies have been carried out which have assessed public attitudes to biotechnology, and in particular genetic engineering, but there is little empirical work to understand cross-cultural differences in attitudes, other than that using an opinion poll methodology, particularly in a cross-cultural context. This study seeks to compare public concerns assessed by a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis in the UK and Italy. The results show that, despite the fact that Italians used a poorer vocabulary to describe their concerns compared to the British respondents, both samples clustered the applications in a similar way. Perceptions of need and benefit were important in both Italy and the UK as determinants of acceptance of particular applications. However, while negative constructs in Italy were predominantly focused on ethical issues, respondents in the UK focused on both risk-related issues and ethical considerations; nevertheless, the pattern of concern regarding different applications were similar in both countries.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810196282
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    Nutrition before and during pregnancy (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 99-101 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Outlines the key concerns of diet before and during pregnancy for the health of the mother and baby. Various important components and concerns of a suitable diet for pregnancy are explained - folic acid, energy intake, calcium, iron, fibre, vitamin A and essential fatty acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810201078
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    Registered Public Health Nutritionist (RPHNutr): a new qualification in public health nutrition (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 158-162 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Explores the background to the launch of a new qualification in public health nutrition - Registered Public Health Nutritionist (RPHNutr) - in the UK. This new qualification was led by the Nutrition Society and aims to set professional standards, promote the recognition of the need for such expertise, promote the role, create links with other relevant bodies, and provide a publicly available register of qualified people. Defines the role of public health nutritionist and outlines the requirements for accreditation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810208314
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    Influences in the decision to breast-feed: a study of pregnant women and their feeding intentions (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 185-192 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Accumulated evidence shows that breast-feeding not only is beneficial for normal growth and infant development, but also provides a measure of protection against a number of diseases. Few women are unable to breast-feed but the UK is noteworthy for having one of the lowest breast-feeding rates in Europe. This paper reports a survey of 50 pregnant women and analyses factors associated with their stated feeding intentions. Over the years, a number of papers have investigated aspects of decision making but this study offers a snapshot of intention in the late 1990s and pessimistically concludes that any behavioural change is hard won. By the time that the women came into contact with midwives, feeding intentions were clearly established and professional procedures were not able to offer effective intervention.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810214533
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    USA raises calcium reference intakes (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 207-211 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The USA in 1997 raised the reference dietary intakes of calcium for adults and children. These include estimated average requirements (EARs), recommended dietary allowances (RDAs), adequate intakes (AIs) and tolerable upper intake levels (ULSs). These new values were designed to optimise health and minimise risk of major chronic disease. For children they aim to maximise calcium retention, for adults 31-50 they aim to achieve a calcium retention. The US recommendations are significantly higher than the British. Emphasises the need for high calcium intakes during phases of rapid growth; stresses how deficits in calcium accretion may never be reversed. Research supports the benefits of increased calcium intake.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810215136
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    Evaluation of Virginia's statewide nutrition intervention project for underweight women: a rural urban comparison (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 212-222 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper evaluates the Nutrition Intervention Project (NIP) implemented statewide in the State of Virginia to determine the effectiveness of nutritional intervention in decreasing pre-term births and low birth weight (LBW) babies to at-risk pregnant women in urban and rural areas. Sample size was 1,284. Majority of the respondents were white, primiparae, between 20-29 years of age, and underweight (BMI 〈 19.8). Twenty-one per cent of the of the births were pre-term, and 13.3 per cent were in the LBW category. Regression analysis indicated that number of visits to the nutritionist was positively associated with birth weight and gestational age of the baby. Nutrition intervention (NI) decreased the smoking behaviour and improved the intake of iron supplements, both of which improved the weight gain and pregnancy outcomes. Effects analysis indicated that the causal effect operated both via intervening variables as well as directly between nutritional intervention and pregnancy outcomes. The path from NI to birth outcomes via weight gain was the strongest. Respondents in urban areas had a higher risk of pre-term births than rural areas.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810215154
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    Constipation, fibre intake and the menstrual cycle (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 272-274 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article focuses on the tendency of women to suffer from constipation-type symptoms premenstrually. It is suggested that these undesirable changes in bowel habit may be mediated through raised progesterone levels and decreased intakes of dietary fibre. Dietary reference values for non-starch polysaccharide are questioned.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810224190
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    The work of the Pesticides Safety Directorate (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 310-313 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Outlines the function of the Pesticides Safety Directorate of the UK. This directorate is an Executive Agency of MAFF and aims to protect the health of people, animals and plants; safeguard the environment and secure safe, efficient and humane methods of pest control. The PSD advises ministries on the development, implementation and enforcement of policy and manages a large R&D programme into pesticide use and alternatives.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810235206
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    Labelling genetically modified soya and maize in the EU (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 306-309 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: European regulations for labelling the genetically modified commodity crops Round-up Ready Soya and Bt Maize have been agreed and came into force on 1 September 1998. The regulation requires labelling of ingredients that contain genetically modified DNA or modified protein. Labelling is not required where processing has resulted in modified DNA or protein being destroyed. With the aim of providing consumer information and ensuring consumer choice, UK industry had phased in labelling of genetically modified soya and maize protein since January 1998, ahead of the EU regulation being agreed. This voluntary labelling was on the basis of guidelines drawn up by an IGD Working Group. The voluntary guidelines are very similar to the EU labelling regulation. Under the terms of the labelling regulation, further discussions are necessary in Europe to agree a list of ingredients that will not require labelling on the basis that no modified DNA or protein is present, with the aim that these ingredients do not need to be tested each time they are used. Where efforts have been taken to source the non-genetically modified varieties, the concept of a threshold has been put forward to allow for adventitious mixing with the genetically modified crop. Further discussions are necessary to agree where the threshold should be set. It is expected that the regulation will be the basis for labelling future genetically modified products.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810235170
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    Statistical process control in UK food production: an overview (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 371-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Statistical process control (SPC) is a common feature of quality control in most high volume manufacturing processes. In the food industry, while there is no explicit compulsion for organisations to make use of SPC techniques, their usage can accrue the same benefits as in other industry sectors. Discusses the potential for application of SPC within the industry, and presents the results of a nationwide survey of 200 food processing companies, indicating relatively low levels of SPC usage. Three case studies are presented, which outline three typical approaches to SPC in the food sector, e.g. those organisations which make effective use of SPC in some form; those that do not perceive a need for it; and those that recognise its potential, but are unable to implement it effectively, owing to a lack of in-house expertise or advisory literature. Suggests ways in which the use of SPC might be promoted and encouraged within the industry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810247744
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    Structuring complexity in scheduling: a study in a food processing industry (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 18-24 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Manufacturers in the food processing industry cope with an increasing number of demands of their customers with regard to the numbers of products, delivery, etc. Therefore, scheduling in these industries is difficult and time consuming. Develops and applies a frame for structuring the underlying complexity for scheduling via a case study. Develops two concepts: process routeing and capacity group. Discusses their use in other situations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810202185
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    Introductory cases (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 49-57 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Despite showing a sensitivity towards Indian culture that included replacing the Big Mac with the mutton Maharaja Mac, McDonald's fledgling Indian operation faced nation-wide protests. Meanwhile, the Kyrgyz Shampany Joint Company, a monopoly wine producer in the former Soviet Republic, was facing spiralling production costs as local grape harvests failed. It looked to exports to the neighbouring Republic of Kazakhstan to increase turnover but what could it expect from that market? These two case studies illustrate the possible dangers for practitioners seeking new markets. The final section of the article re-investigates the marketing literature and reviews present methods of the application of marketing concepts to clarify where the stumbling blocks lie. The conclusions from this review are used to propose a new framework for the congruent mapping of marketing mix elements and variables at both strategic and tactical level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810204039
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    Basket analysis: profiling British customers (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 102-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Using basket analysis, a methodology is presented to investigate the healthiness of particular household diets. The analysis was applied to "Homescan" panel data relating to 11,000 households. This breakdown was then cross-related to geodemographic classifications using "MOSAIC" groups. The degree or extent of unhealthiness was determined on the basis of percentage swing away from recommended dietary patterns in terms of indicator foods belonging to five groups (dairy, meat, vegetables, fruit and bread and cereals). The consumption of fats was also monitored. It was found that 8 per cent of households had diets that were labelled "unhealthy", based on standard recommendations for healthy eating. A further 20 per cent of households had "relatively unhealthy" diets. The majority of these households were shown to belong to the "suburban semis" group in the MOSAIC classification.
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    Competing agendas in infant feeding (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 128-132 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Many food choices are not centrally concerned with food and, even where they are, they do not necessarily relate to the nutritional functions of food. In this paper we report on the findings of a longitudinal interview study of infant feeding practices among first-time mothers. In feeding their babies, mothers are engaged in a number of different projects, some of which conflict with expert guidance on the nutritional benefits of feeding babies in particular ways. We report on the symbolic and practical purposes which feeding babies in particular ways can serve for women, as they seek to combine infant feeding with their other responsibilities not only as mothers but more generally inside and outside the home. We conclude that women's infant feeding decisions represent their attempts to reconcile these symbolic and practical tasks and that educational and other interventions which ignore these competing agendas are likely to fail.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810207487
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    The way to healthy eating for children (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 133-140 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: There is widespread concern that children consume too few fruit and vegetables and as a result are likely to incur health problems. This paper outlines a series of studies in which an intervention that combines video-based peer modelling with rewards has been shown to be very effective in enabling children to eat a variety of fruit and vegetables that previously they rejected. These effects have been very substantial and long lasting. The procedure has been used successfully in children's own homes and, as this paper shows in particular detail, in school settings.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810207496
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    Biographies and geographies: consumer understandings of the origins of foods (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 162-167 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This article argues for a biographical and geographical understanding of foods and food choice. It suggests that such an approach highlights one of the most compelling characteristics of food - that being the way in which it connects the wide worlds of an increasingly internationalised food system into the intimate space of the home and the body. More specifically, and based on ongoing empirical research with 12 households in inner north London, the article explores one aspect of food biographies, through an interlinked consideration of what consumers know of the origins of foods and consumers' reactions to systems of food provision. It concludes that a structural ambivalence can be identified, such that consumers have both a need to know and an impulse to forget the origins of the foods they eat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810207522
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    Relationship between diet and obesity in Chinese groups (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 3-9 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The prevalence of obesity in China is currently one of the lowest in the world, but it is increasing, particularly in urban areas. The incidence of obesity in China is approximately four to five times lower than in the UK and USA respectively. Several dietary studies have found that dietary fat consumption in China is lower than in Western countries, but is currently increasing. In addition, Chinese in more affluent countries such as Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore, and Chinese immigrants in the USA are consuming greater amounts of dietary fat than Chinese in China. This increased intake of fat in Chinese is probably due to transition from the traditional Chinese eating patterns to those typical of Westerners. The change in overall dietary intake is likely to have an impact on obesity, health and economy of these nations. This is an appropriate time to examine the relationship between diet and obesity with special reference to Chinese communities in different parts of the world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810202167
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    Nutrition label usage of Chinese consumers (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Though the Pacific-rim countries like China, Hong Kong and ASEAN countries will soon constitute an economic power comparable to that of North America and Europe, most of the empirical work on food labelling is related to the US and UK consumers. Research into nutrition label usage in a Chinese socio-cultural context is not found. To redress this imbalance, this study attempts to appreciate the use of nutrition information labels by Chinese consumers in Hong Kong. The research results reveal that the frequent label users are label-oriented, nutrition-prone, advertising lovers, in the age group 35-50, and they read both English and Chinese, whereas the non-frequent label users are home-oriented and can read only Chinese.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810202202
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    The case of Simmenthal, Italy (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 96-101 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A computer analysis of the Italian canned meat market and a synthesis to bring out the salient factors to develop a strategic approach and definition of operating activities. Qualitative studies reveal a strong resistance in consumer attitudes, mainly due to prejudice. However, the recent research helps in the interpretation of these attitudes towards the canned meat market.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810204084
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    Gaining competitive advantage from packaging and labelling in marketing communications (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 110-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This paper illustrates how an understanding of consumer models, psychological processes and the appropriate use of marketing research techniques can help in the design of food packaging and label copy to provide a company with a competitive advantage. The paper examines the significance of the marketing functions of a pack and the perceptual processes of consumers in their information search concerning pack design and labelling in marketing research. Case study material is introduced to help illustrate the main points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810204101
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    Primary and secondary store-loyal customer perceptions of grocery retailers (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 312-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Gaining competitive advantage in retailing requires knowledge of the attributes consumers use to evaluate stores and an understanding of why these attributes are important. Although a number of store-image studies have identified store attributes, evidence suggests that these attributes vary by store type and over time, but no work has considered the most crucial aspects to retailers, namely store loyalty. As no study has examined the links between store attributes and store loyalty, our knowledge remains largely speculative. This article explores this link using Kelly's repertory grid methodology to assess the store images of three UK grocery retailers. Important differences were seen between primary store-loyal customers' perception of their store and secondary store-loyal customers' perception of that store. For example, primary-loyal Tesco customers perceived quality, convenience and value factors in that order of importance, whilst primary-loyal Kwik-Save customers perceived quality, value and convenience factors when considering Tesco. Implications for retail positioning strategies and the development of store loyalty are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810242109
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    Acceptability and nutritional composition of flavoured vegetables (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A range of flavoured vegetables has been produced by a food retailer with a view to helping children increase their vegetable consumption. The flavouring ingredients used in these vegetable products (chocolate flavoured carrots, cheese and onion flavoured cauliflower, baked bean flavoured peas and pizza flavoured sweetcorn) inherently alter the overall nutrient profile. Products contain considerably more non-milk extrinsic sugars and salt than their plain counterparts as well as added flavours and artificial sweetener. The flavoured vegetables and their plain counterparts were scored for appearance, flavour, texture, and odour by 33 pupils aged 12-13 years. Chocolate flavoured carrots, baked bean flavoured peas and pizza flavoured sweetcorn scored significantly lower on appearance (and flavour for pizza flavoured sweetcorn) than their plain counterparts. A preference for the odour of the cheese and onion flavoured cauliflower compared to the plain cauliflower was seen but there were no significant differences in any other attribute. Thus for this age group we may conclude that this range of flavoured vegetables is unlikely to be any more acceptable than plain boiled vegetables.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810242136
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    Small food service establishments still on amber light for adopting Australian HACCP-based food safety code (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 364-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The increasing incidence of food-borne diseases emphasises the importance of improving and maintaining a high standard of food safety in food service establishments. Currently, a proposal to develop an Australian national food hygiene standard based on the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP), principles, is being discussed by major stakeholders with a view to improving the standard of food safety. Notes that food service representatives are naturally supportive of high standards of food safety, but feel the costs associated with HACCP-based food safety are prohibitive for small businesses, and they advocate that the costs of staff training in food safety be borne by the entry level employee. Reports on the diverse standards of hygiene found in a cross-section of food service establishments in south-east Queensland, Australia. Hygiene standards were found to be satisfactory in only ten of the 19 sites surveyed. Small restaurants and hotel/clubs compared unfavourably with larger food service providers, (which included cafeterias, hospitals, resorts and a contract airline caterer). As the food service industry is still dominated by small operations, these findings suggest that there are major challenges ahead in devising a national food hygiene standard which will be accepted and be implemented by this sector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810210285
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    A transactional approach to global sourcing: application to French food retailers (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 397-404 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Global sourcing is undoubtedly one of the major symbols of current worldwide strategies. Although much has been written on manufacturers' ploys in searching for more competitive and/or reactive foreign suppliers, this is not the case for retailers, surely because retail buyers do not wish to speak about an issue deemed politically sensitive. The objective of this paper is to try to remedy partially this lack of information from field studies conducted on French food retailers. Based on Williamson's "transactional paradigm", the paper analyses how the retailers have known - or not - how to implement structures and to develop strategic behaviours to reduce the risk linked to global sourcing, from experience acquired in distribution channel management on the domestic market.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810247799
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    Perceived benefits of mail-order speciality foods (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 10-17 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The objectives of the study are to examine consumer attitudes to mail-order speciality food products on the basis of a survey of mail order shoppers. The particular question which is addressed in the paper is concerned with the benefits perceived by mail-order speciality food customers. Specifically, it identifies the perceived benefits associated with mail-order, then establishes the underlying dimensions of these benefits and, finally, investigates the existence of customer segments on the basis of benefits sought. Consumers' perceptions of the benefits of mail-order emphasise quality, uniqueness and convenience. However, underlying these attributes are four main dimensions of customer relations and service, convenience, nostalgia and uniqueness. Furthermore, it is possible to identify two consumer segments of active mail-order shoppers in terms of a product-oriented group and a mail-order-oriented group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810202176
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    A united approach to healthy schools (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 380-384 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Describes the development of the Healthy Schools Award in Hampshire. The award scheme has been developed by an alliance of pilot schools, health authorities, education inspectors and advisers. Offers schools an opportunity to develop a focus and a framework for cross-curricular planning and the delivery of health education. Gives an account of two successful projects resulting from the scheme. One is the Family Food Challenge, a teaching pack for schools which contains ten challenges for children and their families to teach them the significance and benefits of adequate nutrition. The second is the Food Forum, a primary school project which aims to improve the school's philosophy relating to healthy eating.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810247753
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    Commerical WWW site appeal: how does it affect online food and drink consumers' purchasing behavior? (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 413-418 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This paper reports the results of a recent online survey of consumer attitudes toward selected US online storefronts marketing barbecue sauce, cheese, olive oil, and potato chips as well as international companies marketing an assortment of specialty food products. It describes the relationship between consumer attitudes toward a commercial WWW site and likelihood of purchase as well as demographic factors which are related to online purchasing behavior of food and drink products.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004545
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    Strategic assessment: the importance of branding in the European beer market (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 76-84 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seeks to emphasise the importance of branding in the European beer market. Attention is consigned to assessing the implications of effective branding within the context of the overall marketing strategies of brewers. To facilitate a comprehension of this, studies of three key players in the European beer market - Bass plc, Carlsberg A/S, Heineken NV - are utilised to exemplify the issues outlined. Practical applications of the product life cycle (PLC), and Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BCG) are then employed to illustrate the role of branding in product management within the competitive beer market. Reference to the European beer market is given at the beginning, as it facilitates a better understanding of the industry as a whole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810204066
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    Dunkin' Donuts - the birth of a new distribution and franchising concept (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 119-124 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Dunkin' Donuts is a global retailer of coffee and bakery products. The company is 99 per cent franchised and has used the franchising system as a route to market entry and expansion worldwide. The original historic roots of the company are in the USA and despite wide international expansion since the 1970s, the US market continues to serve as a testing ground for innovations prior to international roll-out. Based on observation and key informant interviews with core members of the management team during a visit to Richmond Project in 1994, the case explores the initial phase of the introduction of a central production facility as an innovative route to pre-eminence in one test market. Strategic and operational issues are discussed, highlighting the differences and efficiency gains of the central production facility cum satellite store approach compared to the traditional stand-alone on-site production approach. Implications for future developments are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810204110
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    Chapatis and chips: encountering food use in primary school settings (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This article focuses on a case study of food and eating practices in a co-educational, multi-ethnic primary school. It illustrates discrepancies between the formal curriculum for food and the actual food consumed in school. Themes to be explored further are children's understandings about meals and snacks and the cultural significance attached to each.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810207504
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    A role for consumer risk perceptions in grocery retailing (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 171-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The power and usefulness of perceived risk theory in understanding shoppers' behaviour has been demonstrated many times over recent years in the UK by the numerous food scares. The article explores how retailers use perceived risk in their strategies and develops the links between store attributes and risk dimensions. This re-interpretation of previous store-image studies provides a new conceptual framework for understanding store image and deepens our knowledge of how risk and risk-reduction are operationalised in practice. The paper also reviews some evidence on factors which affect shoppers' risk perceptions, e.g. age, gender, group discussion, brand name and shopping channel and discusses how the risk concept can be used by food retailers as well as presenting some ideas for future research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810207856
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    Public policy approaches to establishing health claims for food labels: an international comparison (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 191-200 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Enormous variation exists internationally in the regulation of nutrition and health messages on the food label. For the consumer, the health claim on the label becomes a value-added point of product differentiation. Therefore, for the food industry, access to a health claim is a key marketing variable. It is important to understand the role of the public policy process in establishing health claims as developing nations mature and choose an approval process to advance their own food regulatory environment. Their choice of approach, and the type of participants contributing to the process, will influence the type of health claim outcome and the latitude of marketing permitted on the food label. This paper identifies and compares the regulatory approaches, in effect in early 1977, used to establish health claims in Japan, Australia and the European Union. There does not seem to be a clear international "lead" nation regulatory model for health claims, and this suggests global economies of scale are elusive for product development and marketing based on health claims.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810207874
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    An assessment of niche marketing opportunities in the delicatessen meat sector (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 228-235 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This paper describes the findings of a research project which investigated the suitability of the UK as a possible niche market for a speciality Portuguese smoked sausage (Chouriço de Portalegre). The paper begins with a discussion of niche marketing theory, and proposes three criteria which a potential niche market should adhere to. These criteria are then used as a means of assessing the potential of the UK as a niche market, with the help of secondary and primary research. Results show that the Chouriço de Portalegre has an appropriate mix of qualities for niche marketing in the UK, but that issues of intermediary and customer knowledge and communication of product benefits need to be overcome.The findings have important implications for retailers of speciality meat products in the UK.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810221445
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    Health and the demand for food in Scotland: economic and demographic effects (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 273-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Scotland has one of the worst records in the western world for Coronary Heart Disease. The problem is to a large extent diet-related. The Scottish Office has, therefore, set out a diet plan for Scotland. Its recommendations to the public are in terms of individual foodstuffs. This study using national household survey data and demand modelling based on the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) analyses the economic and demographic factors influencing Scotland's diet. The analysis shows that Scots are slowly moving from a diet rich in fat and cholesterol to a more healthy diet containing more white meat and fruit and vegetables. Part of the problem is income-related with the wealthiest segment of the population having the best diet. Age is also a factor with the older people consuming a diet more suitable to the period of heavy industrial labour in which they were brought up.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810230454
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    Innovations and information management in the food industry (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 278-285 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This study focuses on the strategic nature of information on new products or innovations, and examines how it is managed (detailed versus non-detailed) and when it is released (pre-announcements versus announcements) in the food and food-related industries. We found that, compared with the pharmaceutical and the computer industries, firms in the food industry more often use pre-announcements instead of announcements to release information on innovative activities. The calculated ?2 of the hypothesis that there is no difference between the mode of releasing information and the industry group is 7.471 with 2 degrees of freedom and p of 0.0239, while the ?2 with 5 per cent level of significance and 2 df is 5.99. We also found that information released on innovative activities in the food industry is less detailed than that in the other two industries. Furthermore, the press coverage of innovations and new product information in the food industry is significantly smaller compared with the other two industries. Finally, we found that the financial markets (stock prices) do not react significantly to new information on innovations in the food industry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810230463
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    Purchase involvement methodology and product profiles: the case of cheese products in Greece (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 343-350 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The article examines how purchase involvement theory can be used to assist marketing management in making more effective marketing mix decisions. The relationships between product purchase involvement and its antecedents are analysed, using examples from the Greek market for cheese. Mechanisms for measuring purchase involvement are identified. Product profiles are constructed for varieties of cheese and their usefulness as a segmentation tool is discussed. Implications of the results for marketing management and areas for further research are identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810242145
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    Challenges in international food supply chains: vertical co-ordination in the European agribusiness and food industries (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 385-388 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Presents the need for the European agribusiness and food industries to redesign and reposition their activities in the food supply chain, both at a technical and organizational level, in order to achieve customer satisfaction and business efficiency. Focuses on the findings of ten supply chain projects in the Dutch horticultural sector and on the results of a benchmarking project in five different European countries. Describes the activities of the "Agri Chain Competence" programme in The Netherlands. Stresses that more attention should be paid to international food supply chains and that chain reversal asks for new methods, tools and expertise on chain analysis and chain management.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810247762
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    Case study - the leveraging of brand equities to create a category champion: Nestlé's management of Crosse & Blackwell (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 405-412 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The paper focuses on how Nestlé, the Swiss-based food multinational, is attempting to reinvigorate its long established British sub- house brand Crosse & Blackwell so that it can spearhead the company presence in key sectors of the UK food market. Brand bonding, the process which involves the transfusion of brand equities from corporate and product assets and associations, is applied. The role integrated marketing communications effort is playing in securing the desired position for Crosse & Blackwell, namely that of an innovative, convenient, tasty solution to food needs, is examined. The issue of the optimal presence for the house brand Nestlé is raised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810247807
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    Foods that help prevent disease: consumer attitudes and public policy implications (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 419-426 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: States that over half of the adult US population (55 percent) believes in the disease-preventative properties of natural foods such as fruits, vegetables and cereal grains. Consumer belief in the nutraceutical category has increased significantly in the past two years. The segmented nature of consumer beliefs, interest, and product preference in this new nutritional category suggest a more targeted approach to pubic health education policy, as well as marketing plans, when introducing consumers to the preventative health advantages of such foods.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810247825
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    Children's food choice (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 14-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Given free choice in a school cafeteria 12-year-olds were found to prefer foods which were high in fat and sugar. Their knowledge regarding differences between healthy and less healthy foods was better than their knowledge of specific nutrient-rich foods. However, while this knowledge is a prerequisite to understanding the role of diet to health, knowledge alone has been insufficient to bring about healthier dietary choice. In the long term if positive dietary change is to be achieved, the role of factors such as social and economic background in modifying food choice must be considered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810196273
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    The vegan dairy (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 153-157 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Discusses the non-dairy alternatives to milk and dairy products. Looks at a range of products suitable for the "vegan dairy" and compares the nutrient profiles with those of traditional milk and dairy products. Concludes that vegans should choose non-dairy alternative products which have been fortified. The way forward is to expand the range of fortified "vegan dairy" products, to increase the availability of these foods and, in time, to reduce their price.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810208305
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    The effect of ethnicity on the benefits of ready-to-eat cereal consumption at breakfast (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The food pattern that includes ready-to-eat (RTE) cereals at breakfast is associated with important reductions in total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol, and increases the likelihood of an individual meeting the recommended dietary allowances for iron and calcium for three sub-populations studied (Anglos, African-Americans, and Hispanics). Beverages, fruit, cereals, breads, and egg items represent the major components of breakfast. RTE cereals were consumed in 30 per cent of the breakfasts; they were fifth in the number of grams consumed per capita. Consumers of RTE cereals consumed a very different pattern of food from non-consumers of RTE cereals. Individuals aged five and older with three days of dietary data from the US 1989-91 Continuing Survey of Food for Individuals Intake were used for the analysis, n = 9,957. All breakfasts were combined (n = 26,271).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810208297
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    Aspects of food choice behaviour in adolescents (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 163-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article reports on two studies in which beverage consumption in adolescents was investigated. Different research methods were employed: a questionnaire was used to test the theory of planned behaviour, and diaries were used to measure self-reported drinks intake. Differences and similarities in results as well as advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810208323
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    Understanding flavour release: the key to better food flavour? (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 202-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The flavour of food is one of the key factors determining food quality and acceptance. When food is eaten, flavour compounds are released at different rates, depending on the physical properties of the molecules themselves and on the physical and chemical properties of the food matrix. When foods are reformulated to meet dietary goals (e.g. low sugar or fat, high fibre) there is a change in flavour release properties which adversely affects the perceived flavour. Flavour analysis has generally ignored the temporal aspects of flavour release but this parameter may help explain subtle differences in flavour perception. Methods for measuring sensory changes with time (time intensity analysis) are well established but methods for measuring the flavour volatiles delivered to the olfactory receptors have recently developed to the stage where detection at the ug/kg (ppb) level is achievable. Results from these measurements have been used to study flavour release from a range of foods. One application of this technique is to determine the differences in flavour release between regular and low-fat foods. The information obtained can be used to reformulate flavours in a systematic manner to improve the flavour of low-fat products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810214605
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    TasteTech - the taste of things to come (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 227-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: TasteTech's CR100 process enables flavourings and ingredients to be microencapsulated as free-flowing powders and then released on a controlled basis during the food manufacturer's process when the conditions are right. CR100 utilises carrier materials which have been tailored to suit the end foodstuff into which the flavouring or ingredient is to be added. The flavouring and ingredient components are injected inline prior to mixing and atomisation. The CR100 process does not require high drying temperatures and consequently the expensive top notes of the flavour or active components of the ingredient are not lost through the process. TasteTech have applied their CR100 process to many key ingredients including sodium bicarbonate, peppermint oil, sodium diacetate and many spices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810215172
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    A summary of the meeting at a Symposium on Dietitians and Dietary Treatments for Obesity: A Move Towards Evidence-based Practice (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 166-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Outlines the programme of presentations made at the Symposium on Dietitians and Dietary Treatments for Obesity: A Move towards Evidence-based Practice, held on 25 November 1997 at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. Provides brief details as to the extent of obesity in the UK and to current practices to deal with the problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810208332
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    Energy intake compensation during snacking intervention - a pilot study (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This pilot study was undertaken to assess whether a deliberate increase in eating frequency would cause an increase in overall energy intake and thus potentially contribute to weight gain. Ten adult male subjects were randomly allocated into two groups. One group consumed a given snack 30 minutes and the other 90 minutes before lunch and evening meals for a two-week period. After a washout period, the snacking regimes were reversed. Body weights were measured at baseline and at the end of the two intervention periods. Subjects completed a seven day semi-weighed dietary diary at baseline and a four-day diary during the second week of the two intervention periods. The insertion of snacks between meals resulted in a reduction in energy consumed at subsequent meals. Surprisingly snacks taken 90 minutes before meals resulted in a reduction in energy consumed at subsequent meals. Moreover, the magnitude of the adjustment was greater at evening meals than at lunch. This study provides preliminary evidence that snacking does not necessarily lead to overconsumption and thus contribute to obesity. However, a full-scale study is needed with a longer intervention period to thoroughly evaluate this issue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810224181
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    Bactofugation of liquid milks (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 280-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The bactofuge system has been in existence for a number of years. It has principally been used in the cheese industry where its high-cleaning capabilities have been used to remove spores from cheese milk that could cause latent fermentation in semi-hard cheeses. It has now been adapted for processing consumption milk, where it holds out the promise of prolonging the life of fresh, pasteurised milk by three-five days. Two factors have increased interest by the UK dairy industry in this system. First, changes in consumer buying have brought an increase in the number of people who purchase milk only once a week and who demand that the milk is drinkable six or seven days later, even though it may not have remained in proper storage conditions throughout this period. Second, the concentration of milk processing in a small number of very large dairies has led to a lengthening of the distribution chain. With hermetic bactofugation, the dairies are able to add a few more days' life to their milk products. This satisfies the consumers' demand for fresh product which lasts longer once it has left the shop. The use of a hermetic bactofuge, a development of the market-leading hermetic separator, means that the dairies are able to use familiar technology to improve their products at an economic cost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810224217
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    HND food quality and manufacture - a new course in Worcester (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 98 (1998), S. 320-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new HND course has been launched in Worcester, through the co-operation of local colleges, capitalising on their strengths and experience and new facilities. The course is aimed at producing technical staff for the food and drinks industry to fill a gap in the market. Graduates will gain a good overview of the industry but have a particular focus on quality control and assurance aspects. The course is of two years' duration full-time study and includes a 20-week work placement between the two years. There is scope for part-time study and Accreditation of Prior Learning for suitable candidates. It is envisaged that the course will attract a good range of candidates from school leavers to more mature and experienced applicants, all of whom are interested in furthering their knowledge of the food industry, relevant technical skills and their employability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810235233
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    Food consumption among ethnic minorities: the case of British-Pakistanis in Bradford, UK (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The paper explores food consumption experiences of an ethnic minority group - the British-Pakistanis in Bradford, UK. The paper looks at the way the British Pakistanis perceive their food, and at their perception of English food in the UK. In doing so the paper identifies some important generational and gender differences in food consumption experiences. The first generation of British-Pakistanis perceive their own food to be traditional, tasty but oily and problematic. The English foods are perceived by the same generation as foreign, bland, but healthy. The young generation of British-Pakistanis is increasingly consuming mainstream English foods while also consuming traditional Pakistani food. The paper draws on participant observation and in-depth interviews with British-Pakistanis in Bradford.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810221436
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    Consumer information in the case law of the European Court of Justice: a German view (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 244-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: German consumers are not really like the image that the German courts present. The portrait of a helpless, debilitated, immature creature who is in need of protection so as not to be led astray by advertising is not accurate. The European Court of Justice paints the average buyer as sensible, attentive and cautious, as well as possessing the ability to analyse the message behind advertising. So, in fact, the German consumer is awake and responsive to European developments. What is needed is a balance between market freedom and the protection of consumers; including a high availability of information for these potential buyers. When the consumer is adequately informed he/she will then be in the position to reap the full benefits of a single European market. But market access is crucial. With the growth of market access and information the subsequent behaviour of the potential consumers is determined by their ability to make rational decisions once given all the information. The availability of consumer information is twofold when applied to regulating the market: the autonomy of consumers becomes the mechanism for reconciling the market freedom rights of manufacturers; and the right that the buyer possesses to have their economic interests protected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810221463
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    Promotional competitions as a marketing tool in food retailing (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 286-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Although the food retail market has continued to grow steadily during the 1990s, the number of retail outlets forced out of business has also increased. In order to remain competitive, the food retailer needs to make full use of all the "tools" within the marketing management toolkit. Sales promotion, although a popular marketing tool, has never enjoyed the academic scrutiny afforded to the more glamorous field of advertising. Research that has been done has tended to concentrate on price-based promotions. These have been the most popular among food retailers, as in many other markets, but there is growing awareness that non-price-based promotions can add value for the consumer while meeting a range of marketing communications objectives. This article looks at the use of consumer competitions, one of the most popular non-price promotional tools, with a survey of 1,232 competitions which were jointly or wholly sponsored by food retailers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810230472
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    Gruppo Massone - acquisition venture into the UK (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 65-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This case study sets out the strategic options available to the Massone Group for its possible entry into the UK catering market. It outlines and summarises the contract catering market including an analysis of the major players in the industry. There is little consolidation across the manufacturing and catering sectors and so it is necessary to examine the food manufacturing sector separately. With this background, we describe and illustrate the grants available from both the UK and EU to any potential investment. This section outlines the funds applicable to each strategic category (greenfield, premises or acquisition) described later in the case study. Included within the analysis of greenfield sites are two examples from nearby Merseyside and a specific evaluation of the specific grants or assistance available for such sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810204057
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    Eating out and the commercialisation of mental life (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This paper reflects on a sociological study of eating out in the UK. After a brief résumé of the study and its main empirical findings it addresses questions about the relationship between social scientific and other forms of practical knowledge about consumption. In the context of a process referred to as the commercialisation of mental life, the paper isolates a number of features which distinguish sociological from market research approaches to the topic. It is argued that too determined a practical focus to the study of consumer behaviour is likely to compromise understanding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810207513
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    Heavy wine consumption: empirical and theoretical perspectives (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 184-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A common approach to analysing markets and selecting the most profitable target consumers is to identify and focus on the heavy users. Although this is a widely used practice in food marketing, no general theory describes the characteristics of heavy users of food products. The purpose of this paper is to use data from four empirical studies to test hypotheses about heavy wine users with the objective of developing a comprehensive model of heavy usage. The topics of the surveys were wine attitudes and behaviours. Data came from samples of students and adult US consumers. The findings showed consistently that heavy wine users were more likely to be interested in and involved with wine. When compared with studies of heavy users in other product fields, the beginnings of a general model of heavy usage that focuses on product involvement rather than demographics can be proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810207865
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    Co-op Switzerland retail group: the objectives and implementation of its marketing strategy (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 58-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Based on in-depth primary research with a key strategic manager within Co-op Switzerland, a store visit, and secondary data this case outlines the core factors influencing the devised marketing strategy, both at a micro and macro level. The company marketing policy is then presented alongside the issues affecting how this policy was implemented. Final consideration is given to the role of the own brand developed to fit the company philosophy of being ecological, innovative and consumer focused.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709810204048
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    Suppression of volcanism during rapid extension in the basin and range province, united states (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-01-09
    Description: Continental extension and volcanism are generally thought to be complementary. Stratigraphic and structural data from some highly extended parts of the Basin and Range province reveal instead that rapid extension appears to have suppressed volcanism. This relation may reflect enhanced crystallization of midcrustal magmas during extension resulting from exsolution of magmatic volatiles, increased interaction of magmas with meteoric water, and dispersal of magma into smaller bodies. Some rift environments may thus be characterized by voluminous synextensional plutonism with little or no concomitant volcanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gans -- Bohrson -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 2;279(5347):66-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences and Institute for Crustal Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9417024" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Bimetallic system for nitrogen fixation: ruthenium-assisted protonation of coordinated N2 on tungsten with H2 (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-01-28
    Description: Treatment of the tungsten dinitrogen complex cis-[W(N2)2(PMe2Ph)4] (Me = methyl, Ph = phenyl) with an equilibrium mixture of [RuCl(dppp)2]X and trans-[RuCl(eta2-H2)(dppp)2]X [X = BF4, PF6, or OSO2CF3; dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane] under 1 atmosphere of dihydrogen at 55 degrees Celsius for 24 hours gave NH3 in moderate yield. The same reaction in the presence of acetone produced acetone azine in high yield. None of these reactions proceeded in the absence of dihydrogen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nishibayashi -- Iwai -- Hidai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):540-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9438842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Driving the growth cone (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caroni, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1465-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland. caroni@fmi.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9750116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/physiology ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cyclic AMP/*physiology ; Cyclic GMP/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/physiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurotrophin 3 ; Semaphorin-3A ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Metastasis in eggs (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 18;281(5384):1823.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9776688" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Vessels/physiology ; Chick Embryo ; *Chorion/blood supply ; Humans ; Metalloendopeptidases/metabolism ; *Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Seeding ; *Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Activity-dependent cortical target selection by thalamic axons (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-24
    Description: Connections in the developing nervous system are thought to be formed initially by an activity-independent process of axon pathfinding and target selection and subsequently refined by neural activity. Blockade of sodium action potentials by intracranial infusion of tetrodotoxin in cats during the early period when axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) were in the process of selecting visual cortex as their target altered the pattern and precision of this thalamocortical projection. The majority of LGN neurons, rather than projecting to visual cortex, elaborated a significant projection within the subplate of cortical areas normally bypassed. Those axons that did project to their correct target were topographically disorganized. Thus, neural activity is required for initial targeting decisions made by thalamic axons as they traverse the subplate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Catalano, S M -- Shatz, C J -- EY02838/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY06491/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 24;281(5376):559-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA. scatalan@cco.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9677198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex/cytology/embryology ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Carbocyanines ; Cats ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Geniculate Bodies/cytology/*embryology ; Neural Pathways ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*embryology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Structural basis for a Ca2+-sensing function of the metabotropic glutamate receptors (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-28
    Description: The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are widely distributed in the brain and play important roles in synaptic plasticity. Here it is shown that some types of mGluRs are activated not only by glutamate but also by extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o). A single amino acid residue was found to determine the sensitivity of mGluRs to Ca2+o. One of the receptors, mGluR1alpha, but not its point mutant with reduced sensitivity to Ca2+o, caused morphological changes when transfected into mammalian cells. Thus, the sensing of Ca2+o by mGluRs may be important in cells under physiological condition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kubo, Y -- Miyashita, T -- Murata, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 13;279(5357):1722-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Musashidai 2-6, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan. ykubo@tmin.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/ultrastructure ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Brain/metabolism ; CHO Cells ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Size ; Cricetinae ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes ; Point Mutation ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; Rats ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; Transfection ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Long-range electrostatic trapping of single-protein molecules at a liquid-solid interface (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: The motion of single, dye-labeled protein molecules was monitored at various pH and ionic strengths within the 180-nanometer-thick evanescent-field layer at a fused-silica surface. Below the isoelectric point, molecules partitioning into the excitation region increased in number but maintained a random spatial distribution, implying that surface charge can influence the charged protein at distances beyond that of the electrical double-layer thickness. The residence times of the molecules in the interfacial layer also increased below the isoelectric point. However, immobilization on the solid surface for extended periods was not observed. Histograms of residence times exhibit nearly identical asymmetry as the corresponding elution peaks in capillary electrophoresis. These results are a direct verification of the statistical theory of chromatography at the single-molecule level, with the caveat that long-range trapping rather than adsorption is the dominant mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, X H -- Yeung, E S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1650-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ames Laboratory-U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Physical ; Chromatography ; Concanavalin A/*chemistry ; Diffusion ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Fluorescence ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Isoelectric Point ; Osmolar Concentration ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Rhodamines ; Static Electricity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Spatial organization of transcription elongation complex in Escherichia coli (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-17
    Description: During RNA synthesis in the ternary elongation complex, RNA polymerase enzyme holds nucleic acids in three contiguous sites: the double-stranded DNA-binding site (DBS) ahead of the transcription bubble, the RNA-DNA heteroduplex-binding site (HBS), and the RNA-binding site (RBS) upstream of HBS. Photochemical cross-linking allowed mapping of the DNA and RNA contacts to specific positions on the amino acid sequence. Unexpectedly, the same protein regions were found to participate in both DBS and RBS. Thus, DNA entry and RNA exit occur close together in the RNA polymerase molecule, suggesting that the three sites constitute a single unit. The results explain how RNA in the integrated unit RBS-HBS-DBS may stabilize the ternary complex, whereas a hairpin in RNA result in its dissociation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nudler, E -- Gusarov, I -- Avetissova, E -- Kozlov, M -- Goldfarb, A -- GM49242/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):424-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. evgeny.nudler@med.nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9665887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/metabolism ; Idoxuridine/metabolism ; Models, Genetic ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Supramolecular structure of the Salmonella typhimurium type III protein secretion system (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-09
    Description: The type III secretion system of Salmonella typhimurium directs the translocation of proteins into host cells. Evolutionarily related to the flagellar assembly machinery, this system is also present in other pathogenic bacteria, but its organization is unknown. Electron microscopy revealed supramolecular structures spanning the inner and outer membranes of flagellated and nonflagellated strains; such structures were not detected in strains carrying null mutations in components of the type III apparatus. Isolated structures were found to contain at least three proteins of this secretion system. Thus, the type III apparatus of S. typhimurium, and presumably other bacteria, exists as a supramolecular structure in the bacterial envelope.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kubori, T -- Matsushima, Y -- Nakamura, D -- Uralil, J -- Lara-Tejero, M -- Sukhan, A -- Galan, J E -- Aizawa, S I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 24;280(5363):602-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya 320, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9554854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/analysis ; Bacterial Proteins/*analysis/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Proteins/*analysis/chemistry/ultrastructure ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Porins/analysis ; Salmonella typhimurium/*chemistry/metabolism/*ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Structural basis of plasticity in T cell receptor recognition of a self peptide-MHC antigen (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: The T cell receptor (TCR) inherently has dual specificity. T cells must recognize self-antigens in the thymus during maturation and then discriminate between foreign pathogens in the periphery. A molecular basis for this cross-reactivity is elucidated by the crystal structure of the alloreactive 2C TCR bound to self peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) antigen H-2Kb-dEV8 refined against anisotropic 3.0 angstrom resolution x-ray data. The interface between peptide and TCR exhibits extremely poor shape complementarity, and the TCR beta chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) has minimal interaction with the dEV8 peptide. Large conformational changes in three of the TCR CDR loops are induced upon binding, providing a mechanism of structural plasticity to accommodate a variety of different peptide antigens. Extensive TCR interaction with the pMHC alpha helices suggests a generalized orientation that is mediated by the Valpha domain of the TCR and rationalizes how TCRs can effectively "scan" different peptides bound within a large, low-affinity MHC structural framework for those that provide the slight additional kinetic stabilization required for signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia, K C -- Degano, M -- Pease, L R -- Huang, M -- Peterson, P A -- Teyton, L -- Wilson, I A -- AI42266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI42267/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA58896/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1166-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and the Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9469799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; H-2 Antigens/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Oligopeptides/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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