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  • 1
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    Teleportation between remote atomic ensembles [Physics] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-12
    Description: Quantum teleportation and quantum memory are two crucial elements for large-scale quantum networks. With the help of prior distributed entanglement as a “quantum channel,” quantum teleportation provides an intriguing means to faithfully transfer quantum states among distant locations without actual transmission of the physical carriers [Bennett CH, et al. (1993)...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    PPM1A silences cytosolic RNA sensing and antiviral defense through direct dephosphorylation of MAVS and TBK1 (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-03
    Description: Cytosolic RNA sensing is a prerequisite for initiation of innate immune response against RNA viral pathogens. Signaling through RIG-I (retinoic acid–inducible gene I)–like receptors (RLRs) to TBK1 (Tank-binding kinase 1)/IKK (IB kinase ) kinases is transduced by mitochondria-associated MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein). However, the precise mechanism of how MAVS-mediated TBK1/IKK activation is strictly controlled still remains obscure. We reported that protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A (PPM1A; also known as PP2Cα), depending on its catalytic ability, dampened the RLR-IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) axis to silence cytosolic RNA sensing signaling. We demonstrated that PPM1A was an inherent partner of the TBK1/IKK complex, targeted both MAVS and TBK1/IKK for dephosphorylation, and thus disrupted MAVS-driven formation of signaling complex. Conversely, a high level of MAVS can dissociate the TBK1/PPM1A complex to override PPM1A-mediated inhibition. Loss of PPM1A through gene ablation in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and mouse primary macrophages enabled robustly enhanced antiviral responses. Consequently, Ppm1a –/– mice resisted to RNA virus attack, and transgenic zebrafish expressing PPM1A displayed profoundly increased RNA virus vulnerability. These findings identify PPM1A as the first known phosphatase of MAVS and elucidate the physiological function of PPM1A in antiviral immunity on whole animals.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Adjacent Fe-Vacancy Interactions as the Origin of Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in (In_{1−x} Fe_{x} )_{2} O_{3} (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-16
    Description: Author(s): R. J. Green, T. Z. Regier, B. Leedahl, J. A. McLeod, X. H. Xu, G. S. Chang, E. Z. Kurmaev, and A. Moewes Dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) show great promise for applications in spin-based electronics, but in most cases continue to elude explanations of their magnetic behavior. Here, we combine quantitative x-ray spectroscopy and Anderson impurity model calculations to study ferromagnetic Fe-substi… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 167401] Published Wed Oct 14, 2015
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Long-range electrostatic trapping of single-protein molecules at a liquid-solid interface (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: The motion of single, dye-labeled protein molecules was monitored at various pH and ionic strengths within the 180-nanometer-thick evanescent-field layer at a fused-silica surface. Below the isoelectric point, molecules partitioning into the excitation region increased in number but maintained a random spatial distribution, implying that surface charge can influence the charged protein at distances beyond that of the electrical double-layer thickness. The residence times of the molecules in the interfacial layer also increased below the isoelectric point. However, immobilization on the solid surface for extended periods was not observed. Histograms of residence times exhibit nearly identical asymmetry as the corresponding elution peaks in capillary electrophoresis. These results are a direct verification of the statistical theory of chromatography at the single-molecule level, with the caveat that long-range trapping rather than adsorption is the dominant mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, X H -- Yeung, E S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1650-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ames Laboratory-U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Physical ; Chromatography ; Concanavalin A/*chemistry ; Diffusion ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Fluorescence ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Isoelectric Point ; Osmolar Concentration ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Rhodamines ; Static Electricity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Direct measurement of single-molecule diffusion and photodecomposition in free solution (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-21
    Description: Continuous monitoring of submillisecond free-solution dynamics of individual rhodamine-6G molecules and 30-base single-stranded DNA tagged with rhodamine was achieved. Fluorescence images were recorded from the same set of isolated molecules excited either through the evanescent field at the quartz-liquid interface or as a thin layer of solution defined by micron-sized wires, giving diffraction-limited resolution of inter-connected attoliter volume elements. The single-molecule diffusion coefficients were smaller and the unimolecular photodecomposition lifetimes were longer for the dye-DNA covalent complex as compared with those of the dye molecule itself. Unlike bulk studies, stochastic behavior was found for individual molecules of each type, and smaller diffusion coefficients were observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, X H -- Yeung, E S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 21;275(5303):1106-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ames Laboratory-U.S. Department of Energy, IA 50011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9027307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Single-Stranded/*analysis/chemistry ; Diffusion ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes/*analysis/chemistry ; Microscopy, Video ; Photolysis ; Rhodamines/*analysis/chemistry ; Solutions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Carbonic fluids in the Hamadi gold deposit, Sudan: origin and contribution to gold mineralization (2017)
    National Research Council Canada (NRC)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-17
    Description: The Hamadi gold deposit is located in North Sudan, and occurs in the Neoproterozoic metamorphic strata of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. Two types of gold mineralization can be discerned: gold-bearing quartz veins and altered rock ores near ductile shear zones. The gold-bearing quartz veins are composed of white to gray quartz associated with small amounts of pyrite and other polymetallic sulfide minerals. Wall-rock alterations include mainly beresitization, epidotization, chloritization, and carbonatization. CO 2 -rich inclusions are commonly seen in gold-bearing quartz veins and quartz veinlets from gold-bearing altered rocks; these include mainly one-phase carbonic (CO 2 ± CH 4 ± N 2 ) inclusions and CO 2 –H 2 O inclusions with CO 2 /H 2 O volumetric ratios of 30% to ~80%. Laser Raman analysis does not show the H 2 O peak in carbonic inclusions. In quartz veins, the melting temperature of solid CO 2 (Tm, CO2 ) of carbonic inclusions has a narrow range of –59.6 to –56.8 °C. Carbonic inclusions also have CO 2 partial homogenization temperatures (Th, CO2 ) of –28.3 to +23.7 °C, with most of the values clustering between +4.0 and +20 °C; all of these inclusions are homogenized into the liquid CO 2 state. The densities range from 0.73 to 1.03 g/cm 3 . X CH4 of carbonic fluid inclusions ranges from 0.004 to 0.14, with most X CH4 around 0.05. In CO 2 –H 2 O fluid inclusions, Tm, CO2 values are recorded mostly at around –57.5 °C. The melting temperature of clathrate is 3.8–8.9 °C. It is suggested that the lowest trapping pressures of CO 2 fluids would be 100 to ~400 MPa, on the basis of the Th, CO2 of CO 2 -bearing one-phase (L CO2 ) inclusions and the total homogenization temperatures (Th, tot ) of paragenetic CO 2 -bearing two-phase (L CO2 –L H2O ) inclusions. For altered rocks, the Tm, CO2 of the carbonic inclusions has a narrow range of –58.4 to ~–57.0 °C, whereas the Th, CO2 varies widely (–19 to ~+29 °C). Most carbonic inclusions and the carbonic phases in the CO 2 –H 2 O inclusions are homogenized to liquid CO 2 phases, which correspond to densities of 0.70 to ~1.00 g/cm 3 . Fluid inclusions in a single fluid inclusion assemblage (FIA) have narrow Tm, CO2 and Th, CO2 values, but they vary widely in different FIAs and non-FIAs, which indicates that there was a wide range of trapping pressure and temperature ( P–T ) conditions during the ore-forming process in late retrograde metamorphism after the metamorphism peak period. The carbonic inclusions in the Hamadi gold deposit are interpreted to have resulted from unmixing of an originally homogeneous aqueous–carbonic mixture during retrogress metamorphism caused by decreasing P–T conditions. CO 2 contributed to gold mineralization by buffering the pH range and increasing the gold concentration in the fluids.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4077
    Electronic ISSN: 1480-3313
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by National Research Council Canada (NRC)
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  • 7
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    Properties and heat transfer coefficients of four molten-salt high temperature heat transfer fluid candidates for concentrating solar power plants (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-10
    Description: Heat transfer fluid is one critical component for transferring and storing heat energy in concentrating solar power systems. Molten-salt mixtures can be used as high temperature heat transfer fluids because of their thermophysical properties. This paper studied the thermophysical properties of Li 2 CO 3 -Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 eutectic salt and three eutectic chloride salts NaCl-KCl-ZnCl 2 with different compositions in the range of 450-600°C and 250-800°C, respectively. Properties including specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, density and viscosity were determined based on imperial correlations and compared at different operating temperatures. The heat transfer coefficients of using different eutectic salts as heat transfer fluids were also calculated and compared in their operating temperature range. It is concluded that all the four eutectic salts can satisfy the requirements of a high-temperature heat tra...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Theoretical Model for Kaiser Effect in Rock (1997)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 150 (1997), S. 203-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Kaiser effect, acoustic emission, rock failure, damage, seismicity, non-linearity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. —The mechanism of Kaiser effect was studied with the aid of a damage model for rock. Recognizing that the AE counts are transient elastic waves due to local damage of the rock, the quantitative relation between AE counts and statistical distribution of the local strength of the rock has been established. Subsequently, according to Damage Theory, an expression for Kaiser Effect under uniaxial stress state was derived from the model. This is found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050073
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shoot regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts and leaf explants of Rehmannia glutinosa (1983)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 2 (1983), S. 55-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mesophyll protoplasts obtained from leaves of shoot cultures of Rehmannia glutinosa were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (1962) liquid or liquid-over-agar medium containing 2.0 mg L−1 naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg L−1 benzylamino purine. An amino acid mixture of glutamine, arginine, glycine, and aspartic acid promoted sustained protoplast division, with an average plating efficiency of 27%. Protoplast-derived colonies formed callus which readily regenerated shoots on fransfer to Murashige and Skoog based agar medium with 2.0 mg L−1 indoleacetic acid and 1.0 mg L−1 benzylamino purine. Leaf explants also showed a marked capacity for shoot regeneration in culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269237
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
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    Temperature dependent dynamics transition of intermittent plastic flow in a metallic glass. II. Dynamics analysis (2013)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-21
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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