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  • Articles  (32)
  • resistance  (32)
  • Springer  (32)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1995-1999  (32)
  • 1997  (32)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (32)
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  • Articles  (32)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (32)
  • American Chemical Society
Years
  • 1995-1999  (32)
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between potato cyst nematodes and their principal host. I. A literature review (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 317-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum spp. ; Globodera rostochiensis ; G. pallida ; biology ; pathotypes ; damage ; resistance ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A description of the biology of potato cyst nematodes,Globodera rostochiensis andG. pallida, and symptom development in potato crops is presented. This is followed by an overview of resistance and tolerance research and an explanation of how resistance derived fromSolanum andigena was deployed in integrated control schemes on sandy and sandy peat soils in the north-east of The Netherlands. The frequent use of this resistance source resulted in the predominance of ‘new’ pathotypes ofG. rostochiensis and ofG. pallida. The ability of the cyst nematodes to respond to new types of resistance with new pathotypes makes the search and breeding for resistance a continuing process. The absence of tolerance in exS. vernei (VTn)2 62-33-3 cultivars showed that resistance, if it is to be of use in severely infested fields, must be combined with an appreciable level of tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358013
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf effects of wild species ofSolanum and interspecific hybrids on growth and behaviour of the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 417-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: antibiosis ; antixenosis ; Solanum sparsipilum ; S. pinnatisectum ; S. berthaultii ; glandular trichomes ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four introductions ofSolanum berthaultii wild species and sevenS. tuberosumxS. berthaultii hybrids were evaluated by antibiosis and antixenosis laboratory tests with potato tuber moth. Some morphological and chemical traits related to the trichomes were analysed. Two clones of the wild speciesS. sparsipilum and five ofS. pinnatisectum, characterised by high tuber resistance, were tested for leaf resistance, both by antibiosis and antixenosis assays. The genotypes with high density of trichomes A and with high exudate PPO activity, showed a moderate negative effect on pupal weight and fecundity in the antibiosis tests. Trichomes B exudate showed a strong repulsive effect on oviposition of adult in the antixenosis tests. TheS. pinnatisectum clones revealed a good leaf resistance level, whereas theS. sparsipilum clones showed lower levels of antibiosis and antixenosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358002
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beet curly top virus DI DNA-mediated resistance is linked to its size (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: geminiviruses ; beet curly top virus ; DI DNA ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Beet curly top virus (BCTV) infection is associated with the de novo synthesis of a heterogeneous population of subgenomic viral DNAs. Nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed with a partial repeat of one such subgenomic DNA remained susceptible to infection but produced ameliorated symptoms when agroinoculated with BCTV. Symptom amelioration is associated with the mobilization of subgenomic DNA from the integrated copy. In an attempt to improve the resistance, N. benthamiana has been transformed with a partial repeat of a much smaller subgenomic DNA. However, transgenic plants showed almost no resistance although subgenomic DNA was mobilised from the host genome. To further understand the molecular basis of the interference phenomenon, we compared the ability of BCTV to replicate and accumulate in leaf discs derived from resistant and non-resistant transgenic plants. Both subgenomic DNAs were able to interfere with virus replication but only in case of resistant plants the DI DNA efficiently suppressed viral accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009623010404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Components of maritime pine susceptibility to twisting rust – A path coefficient analysis (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 653-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: avoidance ; Melampsora pinitorqua ; path coefficient analysis ; Pinus pinaster ; resistance ; rust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Data collected in a three-year field experiment on infection and damage by Melampsora pinitorqua on maritime pines showing contrasting growth were analysed by means of path analysis. The severity of infection in 2 year-old pines could be mainly explained by the amount of susceptible tissues (elongating shoots). In contrast, two years later, ‘intrinsic susceptibility’, i.e. expressed after inoculation, was shown to have the most important direct effect on the amount of infection. Intrinsic susceptibility could be satisfactorily assessed by artificial inoculations on excised shoots under controlled conditions. Shoot potassium and phosphorous contents were shown to have marked positive effects on susceptibility. The hypothesis of an age effect on the relative importance of different resistance mechanisms, i.e. avoidance and active resistance, in maritime pine interaction with twisting rust is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008640819188
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fungal polygalacturonase activity reflects susceptibility of carnation cultivars to fusarium wilt (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: breeding ; Dianthus caryophullus ; Fusarium oxysporum ; pectic enzymes ; phytoalexins ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Carnation cultivars with different levels of partial resistance were inoculated with race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and monitored for accumulation of host phytoalexins, fungal escape from compartmentalization, production of fungal pectin-degrading enzymes and development of external disease symptoms. Accumulation of phytoalexins, assessed after 10 days in the first 5 cm above the inoculation site, was weakly (methoxydianthramide S) or not (hydroxydianthalexin B) correlated with resistance levels after 12 weeks. Fungal escape from compartmentalization, assessed after 3 weeks as percentages colonized plants at 8 cm above the inoculation site, was highly correlated with expression of susceptibility after 12 weeks. Polygalacturonase (PG) activity, assessed after 4 weeks in the first 5 cm above the inoculation site, was highly correlated to final disease development. Linear increases in disease severity were accompanied by quadratic increases in PG activity. In contrast to water-treated plants, that lacked any PG activity, inoculated plants contained two main groups of fungal PGs, the dominant forms of which had estimated pI values of 7.0 and minimally 9.5, respectively. Compared to those of the first group, enzymes of the second group were produced only in trace amounts in liquid media containing pectin or polygalacturonate as sole source of carbon. On these media, the fungus also produced a pectin methyl esterase (PME) with an estimated pI of 9.3. Besides PMEs of host origin, inoculated plants of susceptible cultivars contained the fungal PME while no more than traces were found in resistant ones. Assessment of phytoalexin production by the host during defense responses cannot replace monitoring of external symptoms as a resistance test. Assessment of fungal growth, whether by reisolations above the compartmentalization area or by measurement of PG activity, provides a both rapid and reliable prediction of disease development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008616008804
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening of Kabuli chickpea germplasm for resistance to Fusarium wilt (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 96 (1997), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cicer arietinum ; chickpea ; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri ; wilt ; screening ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A total of 1915 Kabuli chickpea lines were screened in a wilt sick plot containing Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri race 0 at Béja, Tunisia. Complete resistance was found in 110 lines and this result was confirmed by a laboratory screening method. Principal components analysis showed that 〉 80% of the variation of the resistant lines was explained by hundred seed weight and days to maturity. Cluster analysis divided the resistant lines into four groups: 21 had high seed weight (48.25 ± 3.81 g) and early maturity (95.09 ± 2.50 d), 24 had high seed weight (46.84 ± 2.10 g) and late maturity (117.00 d), 34 had low seed weight (22.35 ± 4.72 g) and early maturity (92.97 ± 3.97 d) and 31 had low seed weight (19.62 ± 5.37 g) and late maturity (112.09 ± 4.51 d).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003051100683
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of resistance to Fusarium head blight in indigenous Japanese species of Agropyron (Elymus) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 97 (1997), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Agropyron ; Elymus ; Fusarium head blight ; scab ; resistance ; genetic resources ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Four species of indigenous Japanese Agropyron, namely, Elymus humidus Osada (= Agropyron humidum), E. tsukushiensis Honda var. transiens (= A. tsukushiense), E. racemifer Tsvel. (= A. ciliare) and A. mayebaranum var. intermedium Hatusima were collected and evaluated for their resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB, scab) after inoculation with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe at the flowering stage. The resistance to penetration of FHB and to fungal invasion of rachis internodes was evaluated in each accession in a comparison with six wheat cultivars. The results demonstrated that AG.91-35 of E. humidus and AG.91-24 of E. racemifer had higher resistance to penetration than the resistant wheat cultivars Nobeokabouzu-komugi and Sumai 3, respectively. All accessions of indigenous Japanese species of Agropyron examined, with the exception A. mayebaranum, had a statisticallysimilar resistance to invasion, which was the same as that of Nobeokabouzu-komugi or Sumai 3. In all accessions of E. humidus, with only one exception, no spread of the fungus from the infected spikelets to the rachis internodes was detected at all. The possible application of the strains of Agropyron as genetic resources for development of resistance to FHB in wheat is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003078109694
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of resistance to two isolates of sterility mosaic pathogen in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 97 (1997), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cajanus Cajan ; inheritance ; isolates ; pigeonpea ; resistance ; sterility mosaic ; susceptibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the inheritance of resistance to two isolates of the sterility mosaic pathogen, in three crosses of pigeonpea, involving resistant (ICP 7035, ICP 7349 and ICP 8850) and susceptible (ICP 8863) lines. Observations of F1 and F2 plants were explained on the basis of two independent non-allelic recessive genes for the less virulent, old Patancheru isolate (isolate 1). The backcrosses corroborated the segregation pattern observed in the F2 generation. For the more virulent, new Patancheru isolate (isolate 2), differential behavior of the F1’s was observed. Resistance was dominant in two crosses (ICP 7035 X ICP 8863 and ICP 7349 X ICP 8863), and susceptibility in the other cross (ICP 8850 X ICP 8863). The disease reaction for isolate 2, appeared to be governed by a single gene with three alleles, with one resistance allele exhibiting dominance and the other being recessive, over the allele for susceptibility. Monogenic inheritance of resistance to both isolates was noticed in the cross ICP 8850 X ICP 8863.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003013824715
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of resistance to Striga gesnerioides biotypes from Mali and Niger in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: biotype ; control method ; cowpea ; inheritance ; resistance ; Striga gesnerioides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pot and laboratory experiments were performed in order to elucidate the genetics of resistance of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) resistant sources to two biotypes of the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke (witchweed). B301, Suvita-2 and IT82D-849 were crossed to susceptible cultivars. Roots of each plant of parental, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 populations were washed free of soil and examined closely for S. gesnerioides attachment. Data on resistant and susceptible cowpea plants were analyzed using the chi-square test to ascertain the goodness of fit to different genetic ratios. Segregation patterns indicate monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to both S. gesnerioides biotypes in B301. Suvita-2, which is susceptible to the biotype from Maradi, Niger, showed segregation patterns that indicate monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to S. gesnerioides biotype from Cinzana, Mali. Results also indicate monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to S. gesnerioides biotype from Cinzana in IT82D-849. However, the inheritance of resistance to the biotype from Maradi would be monogenic and recessive in this line. These results suggest that the resistance of all three sources would be easy to transfer to promising breeding lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002927705470
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to cowpea severe mosaic virus, determined by three dosage dependent genes in Vigna unguiculata L. Walp (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 95 (1997), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: cowpea severe mosaic virus ; genetics ; selection ; screening ; resistance ; tolerance ; Vigna unguiculata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations of four resistant × susceptible crosses and three resistant × resistant crosses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) were screened for resistance to cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), in an insect protected screen house. The segregation ratio, at maturity, showed a 63 susceptible : 1 resistant ratio in the F2 generation indicating that resistance is governed by three major genes. The backcross tests and the F3 test confirmed this. The intermediate levels of symptoms observed in the F1 generation and the progression of symptom expression in the F2 generation suggested that resistance is gene dosage dependent. The genetic basis of immunity, tolerance, high level of resistance is discussed based on the three gene model. Delayed symptom expression was evident in genotypes with one or two susceptible alleles. The implications of delayed expression of symptoms in selection and breeding for resistance to CPSMV are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002988003402
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of callose formation is a sensitive marker for genotypic aluminium sensitivity in maize (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 192 (1997), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; callose ; protoplasts ; resistance ; toxicity ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The screening of 37 Zea mays L. cultivars in nutrient solution using root elongation (24 h) as a parameter showed large genotypic differences in Al resistance among the genetic material evaluated. Callose concentrations in root tips were closely and positively related to Al-induced inhibition of root elongation. Therefore, Al-induced callose formation in root tips appears to be an excellent indicator of Al injury and can be used as a selection criteria for Al sensitivity. In contrast, aluminium concentrations in root tips were not related to Al-induced inhibition of root elongation, nor to Al-induced callose formation. Callose formation was also induced by short-term A1 treatment in root tip protoplasts, and the response of protoplasts clearly reflected the cultivar-specific response to Al of intact roots. This indicates that in maize, Al sensitivity is expressed on the protoplast level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004204120863
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to Karnal bunt in Hordeum chilense and its amphiploids with Triticum species (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 96 (1997), S. 327-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: amphiploids ; Karnal bunt ; resistance ; Tilletia indica ; tritordeum ; Hordeum chilense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Reactions of Hordeum chilense accessions H1 and H7 and their amphiploids, HT8, HT9 and HT28 (named as tritordeum) alongwith wheat lines, T22, T24 and T59 used in their synthesis, were studied for resistance to the Karnal bunt pathogen (Tilletia indica) of wheat. Both the accessions of H. chilense and one tritordeum line, HT8, were rated as highly resistant with zero co-efficient of infection, whereas the other two tritordeum lines HT28 and HT9 were rated as moderately susceptible and susceptible with 5.2 and 10.5 co-efficients of infection, respectively, compared to reaction of the wheat lines involved in their synthesis. Karnal bunt infection was maximum on the susceptible wheat cultivar WL-711 with 24.3 co-efficient of infection. All the wheat lines involved in the synthesis of amphiploids were susceptible to Karnal bunt except, T59 (Triticum sphaerococcum) (6X), which showed a moderate level of resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003019326395
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diversity of head-scab resistance in Triticeae and their relation to ecological conditions (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 97 (1997), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: head scab ; resistance ; Triticeae ; Fusarium graminearum ; ecological conditions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract 1507 accessions from 93 species of 18 genera in Triticeae were screened for resistance to initial infection and resistance to pathogen spread with multi-floret and single-floret injection inoculation methods respectively. The accessions with high resistance were mainly found in perennial genera: Roegneria, Hystrix, Agropyron, Kengyilia and Elymus. Based on differences in resistance, 18 genera screened in Triticeae could be classified into five groups. The species with high resistance were mainly distributed in humid ecological environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003028324059
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic suppression of the cereal rye-derived gene Pm8 in wheat (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 93 (1997), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Secale cereale ; powdery mildew ; Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici ; resistance ; suppression ; segregation distortion ; wheat ; rye
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The location of wheat gene Pm8 for resistance to powdery mildew in the 1RS chromosome segment derived from cereal rye cultivar Petkus was confirmed. There was reduced transmission of the 1BL.1RS chromosome relative to its wheat homologue in four of the five crosses examined. Pm8 was not expressed in some wheat cultivars and selections which possessed the 1RS chromosome identified by the presence of relevant genes for resistance to the three rusts, due to the presence of a dominant suppressor gene(s) in the wheat genome. The frequency of suppression in 1BL.1RS wheats from Mexico was significantly higher than in a group of wheats (both local and exotic) introduced from China and was probably much higher than in European wheats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002923030266
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetical studies of resistance to Phytophthora porri in Allium porrum, using a new early screening method (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 93 (1997), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Allium porrum ; autotetraploidy ; introgression ; Phytophthora porri ; resistance ; screening methods ; leek
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A new screening method was developed to evaluate resistance of leek (Allium porrum) to Phytophthora porri, based on inoculation by 24 h-immersion of leek plantlets in the 3–6 leaf stage in a suspension of ca. 100 zoospores.ml-1. The immersion test was used for identifying new sources of resistance and to determine the genetic basis of resistance. Within winter leek, five resistance classes were defined on the basis of average field scores of 21 plants. Clones from these plants were tested with the immersion technique. The average scores per resistance class in immersion and field tests were significantly correlated (P〈0.01). The correlation of single-date field scores with the immersion test scores was better in the second half of the epidemic season. A selection experiment yielded a strong response to selection for resistance (53–97%) but no response to selection for susceptibility. This may indicate that resistance is due to few recessive genes in the studied winter leek. Crosses between landraces and winter leek were analyzed by means of F2 (selfed F1) and BC1, progenies. This analysis indicated the presence of few loci with dominant genes for resistance in accession CGN 873243, and additive polygenes in accession Pl 368351.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002900717062
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources of resistance to head scab in Triticum (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum ; Fusarium graminearum ; resistance ; head scab ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Multi-floret and single-floret injection inoculation methods were used to test 1076 accessions of Triticum for resistance to initial infection and resistance to pathogen spread within spike tissue respectively. The data obtained between years or inoculation dates were comparatively similar and were little influenced by climatic factors, especially humid condition. All the tested materials uniformly exhibited susceptibility to initial infection, but there were great differences in resistance to spread among species or cultivars. The diploid and tetraploid wheats were severely susceptible. Only 30 genotypes of common wheat of T. aestivum concv. vulgare showed high resistance to spread. The highest frequency of high spread resistance existed in these landraces which were distributed in Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu provinces and Shanghai City, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces ranked second. The majority of wheat landraces from Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi Province and Beijing City showed susceptibility or high susceptibility. No resistance was found in Tibetian wheats.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002982005541
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of sethoxydim resistance in foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: foxtail millet ; herbicide ; resistance ; interspecific hybridization ; sethoxydim ; inheritance ; Setaria italica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Interspecific hybridization between foxtail millet cultivars (Setaria italica) and a green foxtail (S. viridis) resistant to the herbicide sethoxydim were undertaken to breed foxtail millet for improved herbicide resistance. Parents, reciprocal F1 hybrids, F2 selfed derived populations and BC1 backcross progeny were produced and analysed for mortality and fresh weight over a range of dosages. All resistant progeny were 700 times more resistant than susceptible cultivars and was symptom free under current field dosages. Segregations of resistant and susceptible progeny (3:1 in F2 and 1:1 in BC1) were not dependent upon dosage. Heterozygous individuals displayed the same magnitude of resistance as homozygous plants at twelve times the recommended field dosage. Results suggested that sethoxydim resistance in foxtail millet was controlled by a single, completely dominant, nuclear gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002989725995
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to western flower thrips in greenhouse cucumber: effect of leaf position and plant age on thrips reproduction (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cucumis sativus ; Frankliniella occidentalis ; plant age ; leaf position ; reproduction ; resistance ; cucumber ; western flower thrips
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions, previously selected for low levels of damage after infestation with Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), were tested for resistance against F. occidentalis in a no-choice greenhouse experiment at the mature plant stage. The three accessions showed a strong reduction in thrips damage compared to the susceptible control. The effects of leaf position and plant age of the four cucumber accessions on the reproduction of F. occidentalis were determined in a leaf disc assay. Leaf position had a significant effect on thrips reproduction, whereas plant age, within the test range, had not. In general, reproduction was higher on young leaves. Reproduction as measured on leaf discs from certain leaf positions was strongly correlated with resistance of mature plants in the greenhouse, and can therefore be used as a quick test to screen cucumber accessions for resistance against thrips.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002937709157
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  • 19
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    Response of wild Cucumis species to inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (1997)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 271-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Cucumis spp. ; germplasm evaluation ; wild progenitors ; Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans ; artificial inoculation ; seedlings ; necrotization ; resistance ; gene centers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Under controlled inoculation, a set of 49 accessions belonging to 16 wild species and varieties of the genus Cucumis was tested for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. There was no complete resistance to this pathogen in Cucumis accessions, but limited necrotization of leaves was observed in four accessions (C. africanus (PI 203974), C. anguria var. longipes (CUC 28/1974), C. melo subsp. conomon Baj-Gua (CUM 238/1974), C. zeyheri (PI 299572)). There were some quantitative differences between Cucumis accessions in disease symptom development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008639723466
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    Response to root-knot nematodes of a germplasm collection of red clover and related species (1997)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 439-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Germplasm ; Meloidogyne ssp. ; red clover ; resistance ; root-knot nematode ; Trifolium spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A germplasm collection of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and seven related species was evaluated in greenhouse tests for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, M. hapla Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, and M. Javanica (Treub) Chitwood. Plants were rated for root galling severity and nematode egg production at eight weeks after inoculation with 1500 nematode eggs. A resistance index, RI = √(gall2; + egg2;), was generated to assess the plants' reaction to nematode infection as immune, highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, intermediate, moderately susceptible, susceptible, or highly susceptible. More than 98% of red clover accessions were intermediately to highly susceptible to all four root-knot nematode species. Only one accession, PI 271627 introduced from India, had a moderate resistance level to the four nematodes tested. About one third of the T. medium accessions were resistant or highly resistant to M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica whereas more than 50% of the T. alpestre accessions were highly resistant or immune to all four nematodes species. Genetic factors for resistance to root-knot nematode could be introduced into T. pratense through interspecific hybridization with T. medium and/or T. alpestre
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008681404916
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    Evaluation of Roegneria for resistance to head scab caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (1997)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Fusarium graminearum ; resistance ; Roegneria ; scab ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract 71 accessions from 13 Roegneria species were evaluated for resistance to wheat scab. The results showed that 31 of the 71 accessions possessed high resistance (HR) to initial infection and high resistance (HR) to pathogen spread. The disease spread from inoculated floret to head rachis was not observed, and the incidence of head infection were lower under natural than under artificial inoculation conditions. The intergeneric hybrid F1 of Roegneria tsukushiensis (Honda) B.R. Lu, Yen et J.L. Yang. var. transiens (Hack.) B.R. Lu, Yen et J.L. Yang × Hordeum vulgare Linn. exhibited resistance (R) to pathogen invasion and high resistance (HR) to spread. Therefore, Roegneria could be used as scab resistant resources in cereal breeding. In addition, the relatioship between its resistance and ecological environments where Roegneria was distributed was discussed in this paper.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008643617661
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  • 22
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    Powdery mildew resistance in barley landrace material. I. Screening for resistance (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 97 (1997), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei ; genetic resources ; Hordeum vulgare ; recurrent selection ; resistance ; virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A total of 4,681 accessions of Hordeum vulgare landrace material from Ethiopia, East Mediterranean, Near East, Nepal and China were sown in the field and subjected to the natural powdery mildew epidemic in Denmark. Apparently resistant accessions were selected. Selfed progeny from them were retested and reselected in subsequent years at four locations in Denmark. Finally, 16 promising donors of resistance were retained. They were characterized in the field and tested in the seedling stage for reaction to up to 72 different isolates of the powdery mildew fungus. The absence of the corresponding virulences in the Danish airborne powdery mildew population was ascertained in five years. The resistances in the 16 donors are apparently mutually different and from known sources of powdery mildew resistance in barley.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003032424968
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  • 23
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    Identification of RAPD markers for resistance to coffee berry disease, Colletotrichum kahawae, in arabica coffee (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 97 (1997), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: arabica coffee ; coffee berry disease ; marker ; random amplified polymorphic DNA ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Resistance to Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) in Arabica coffee is controlled by at least three genes which are present in the varieties Hibrido de Timor (T gene), Catimor (T gene), Rume Sudan (R and k genes) and K7 (k gene). Hibrido de Timor, Catimor and Rume Sudan are genetically distant from most of the commercial cultivars, and the utilisation of molecular markers would greatly improve the efficiency of breeding programmes concerned with CBD resistance. The objectives of the present work were therefore: (1) to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers associated with CBD resistance and (2) to identify markers which could be used to select against the genetic background of the resistance donors. Identification of RAPD markers was carried out in three steps. The first step involved the comparison of the RAPD profiles between the susceptible cultivars and the resistant donors. This was followed by comparison of the RAPD profiles between resistant and susceptible types of each donor variety. The final step involved assay of the resistance markers in the first and the second backcrosses between these donors and the recurrent parent. High genetic variability was demonstrated in Catimor, and to some extent in Rume Sudan. Three RAPD markers were shown to be closely associated to the T gene. Attempts to identify markers associated with the R and k genes were less rewarding. The implications of the current observations in relation to breeding for CBD resistance in Arabica coffee are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003097913349
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  • 24
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    Screening lentil for resistance to fusarium wilt: methodology and sources of resistance (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 98 (1997), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis ; lentil ; resistance ; vascular wilt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Host-plant resistance is the best means to control the key disease of lentil-vascular wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Snyder & Hansen f.sp. lentis Vasudeva and Srinivasan. Systematic screening for resistance to lentil wilt was initiated in the field in 1993, in a wilt-sick plot in North Syria, with a core collection of 577 germplasm accessions from 33 countries. A subset (88 accessions) of mostly resistant accessions was re-screened in 1994. The most resistant accessions came from Chile, Egypt, India, Iran and Romania. Variation among accessions in the temporal pattern of wilting was analyzed. The limited wilting in resistant accessions followed a linear model through time, whereas the pattern for susceptible accessions was better described with an exponential model. This temporal variation emphasizes the need for repeated scoring during screening for resistance to lentil vascular wilt to identify ‘late-wilters’. To overcome spatial variation in inoculum density, the efficacy of using wilt scores from a systematically-repeated susceptible control in covariate analysis was tested. Covariance analysis significantly improved overall screening by 3% in 1993, but the improvement was non-significant in 1994. The results emphasize the relative uniformity of disease pressure in the wilt-sick plot and suggest that covariance analysis of a systematically arranged control will be of greater benefit in land which is less uniformly infected.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003022830846
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  • 25
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    Screening for resistance in wild Lycopersicon species to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici race 1 and race 2 (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 93 (1997), S. 145-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: tomato ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; wild species ; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici ; resistance ; genetic variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Wild Lycopersicon accessions were screened for resistance to the Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) race 1 and race 2. In total, four isolates of each race were used. Among 17 accessions of six Lycopersicon species tested, a wide genetic variation for wilt resistance was observed. Most accessions were highly susceptible, some showed intermediate resistance, but one accession of L. cheesmanii (G1.1615 = PI 266375) and two accessions of L. chilense (G1.1556 and G1.1558) were highly resistant to Fol races 1 and 2. The resistance in the latter three accessions equalled or was higher than the resistance determined by the known I-genes, that have been widely used in breeding programmes. These newly found resistant accessions provide breeders with more opportunities for Fusarium disease resistance and may contribute to our understanding of Fusarium disease resistance gene organisation and evolution.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002943805229
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    Variation between and within Ethiopian barley landraces (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: barley ; barley leaf rust ; Puccinia hordei ; scald ; Rhynchosporium secalis ; earliness ; landraces ; leafiness ; plant height ; partial resistance ; resistance ; 1000 grain weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Up to 100 single plant derived lines of 18 barley landraces, collected from 18 localities of six barley growing regions of Ethiopia were studied for two years at Holetta, Ethiopia for variation in five quantitative traits; scald severity, earliness, plant height, 1000 grain weight, and leafiness. The relative latent period in the adult plant stage to barley leaf rust, a good measure for partial resistance, was assessed on the landrace lines at Wageningen, The Netherlands. The observed variation between and within landraces was very large for all traits. The magnitude of variation was so large that most, if not all, plants within a landrace had a different genotype. The landraces also varied in the degree of variation. Some landraces, 1726 and 3288 for instance, were more variable for most or all traits than other landraces such as 208925 and 212938. Days to heading and scald severity were significantly (P = 0.01) correlated with altitude, r being 0.66 and - 0.65, respectively. Resistance to scald and leafiness also increased with altitude. On average landraces became later, more resistant to scald and more leafy the higher the altitude of collection. This associated complex of traits could be an adaptation to the wetter and cooler conditions at higher altitudes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002946004268
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  • 27
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    Inheritance of resistance to the Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus in the cucumber line TMG-1 and cosegregation with zucchini yellow mosaic virus resistance (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 95 (1997), S. 237-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cucumis sativus ; gene cluster ; potyvirus ; zucchini yellow mosaic virus ; Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Inbred lines derived from the Chinese cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivar, ‘Taichung Mou Gua’ (TMG), have been shown to be resistant to several potyviruses including: zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), zucchini yellow fleck virus (ZYFV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and the watermelon strain of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W). Recently, an additional virus that infects cucurbits, the Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV), has been determined to be a distinct member of the potyvirus group. This study demonstrates that TMG-1 possesses resistance to MWMV. Rub or aphid inoculated TMG-1 seedlings remain free of symptoms. Progeny analyses of the F1, F2 and backcross generations show that resistance to MWMV is conferred by a single recessive gene (proposed designation, mwm). Sequential inoculation of progeny possessing resistance to ZYMV followed by MWMV (or MWMV followed by ZYMV) and analysis of F3 families derived from F2 individuals selected for resistance to ZYMV indicate that both resistances are conferred by the same gene, or two tightly linked genes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002987203987
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    Use of Mycosphaerella fijiensis toxins for the selection of banana cultivars resistant to Black Leaf Streak (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 96 (1997), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: banana ; Musa spp. ; Mycosphaerella fijiensis ; black leaf streak ; resistance ; selection ; toxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The results of our experiments suggest that toxin(s) of Mycosphaerella fijiensis would be involved neither in infection initiation, nor in the hypersensitive reaction in highly resistant cultivars but could serve at most as secondary determinant of the pathogenicity, contributing to the lesion expansion in cultivars exhibiting partial resistance to Black Leaf Streak disease. Moreover, the effects of toxin(s) on chlorophyll fluorescence, as well as preliminary electron microscopy observation, suggest that chloroplasts could be a precocious site of action of the toxin(s). Therefore, in vitro heterotrophic tissues would not be a suitable target to perform the screening with such toxin(s). The prospects and limitations of M. fijiensis toxin(s) for screening banana for resistance to Black Sigatoka are highlighted.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002960902950
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    Genetic studies of powdery mildew resistance in common oat (avena sativa L.) I. Cultivars and breeding lines grown in Western Europe and North America (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 96 (1997), S. 421-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; powdery mildew ; resistance ; oat cultivars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Common oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars and breeding lines grown in Western Europe and North America were tested against twelve Erysiphe graminis f. sp. avenae mildew isolates collected in Germany and Denmark. These isolates were selected for their ability to produce differential response patterns permitting characterization of five oat mildew resistance (OMR) groups. From a total of 259 cultivars and lines tested 173 accessions showed susceptible responses, 48 accessions were characterized by susceptible or intermediate responses and 38 accessions revealed isolate-specific resistance response patterns. Eight cultivars and lines had resistance patterns of OMR group 1, six cultivars of OMR group 2, and eleven cultivars of OMR group 3. Two cultivars, each possessed resistance patterns corresponding to OMR groups 1 + 3 and 2 + 3 in combination, respectively. Three cultivars exhibited the response pattern of OMR group 3 in association with an additional unknown resistance. Eight cultivars and lines showed a resistance response pattern not yet detected in the documented OMR groups.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003057505151
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  • 30
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    Virulence studies of Swedish net blotch isolates (Drechslera teres) and identification of resistant barley lines (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; net blotch ; Drechslera teres ; Pyrenophora teres ; virulence ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Six Swedish and one Canadian single spore isolate of Drechslera teres f. teres were used to screen 109 barley lines for disease resistance and to select a differential set of barley lines for use in assessing pathogen virulence. A large variation for net blotch resistance was found among the 109 barley lines which were classified into four groups, those showing: 1) only resistant reactions; 2) differential reactions; 3) only intermediate reactions and 4) only susceptible reactions. The European commercial varieties included, showed susceptibility to all Swedish isolates, but a few were resistant to the Canadian isolate. The 18- member differential set separated 25 Swedish and two Canadian isolates of D. teres into 14 pathotypes, three of which made up 59% of the isolates. Only one barley differential (CI 9776) was resistant to all net form isolates. Host selection on the pathogen seems to be present as all six isolates obtained from cv. Golf belonged to the same pathotype and 4 of 5 isolates from cv. Karin shared the same virulence pattern. The net form of net blotch (D. teres f. teres) predominated in the sampled regions and only one of 26 Swedish isolates was of the spot form (D. teres f. maculata).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002924424200
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    Head infection and accumulation of Fusarium toxins in kernels of 12 barley genotypes inoculated with Fusarium graminearum isolates of two chemotypes (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Fusarium head blight ; mycotoxins ; plant breeding ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Twelve barley genotypes were inoculated with two F. graminearum isolates of different chemotype I1 #148 (producing nivalenol/deoxynivalenol) and I2 #108 (deoxynivalenol/acetyldeoxynivalenol). For both I1 and I2 isolates, respectively, reductions (%) in number of kernels head-1 10.6 and 14.3; yield 39.6 and 35.7; weight of 1000 kernels 36.9 and 23.2 were observed in inoculated plants from control values. Chemical analysis revealed the presence (average concentration mg kg-1) of deoxynivalenol (1.3) and nivalenol (3.2) in kernels of all genotypes inoculated with the I1 isolate, and zearalenone (0.2) in three samples. After inoculation with the I2 isolate, deoxynivalenol (37.8) and zearalenone (0.4) were found in kernels of all genotypes, while 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, respectively, were determined in five and four samples only. No significant correlation between examined characteristics was found for either the I1 or I2 isolate. The results obtained contribute information on the accumulation of toxins in cereal grain inoculated with F. graminearum isolates of different chemotypes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008640817778
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    Effect of oxygen concentration on plant growth, lipidperoxidation, and receptivity of tomato roots to Pythium F under hydroponic conditions (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 255-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: minor root pathogens ; oxidative stress ; peroxidation of membrane lipids ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of the nutrient solution oxygenation on the growth of tomato plants and colonization of plant roots by Pythium F707, an isolate with filamentous non-inflated sporangia, were investigated under hydroponic conditions. Lipoperoxidation was also estimated determining lipoxygenase activity and conjugated dienes. Tomato plants were grown under either a high (11-14%; Air treatment), a moderate (5.8-7%; Control) or a low (0.8-1.5%; Nitrogen treatment) oxygen concentration and inoculated or not with the pathogen. The high oxygen treatment resulted in a marked increase in plant growth, as measured by shoot and root weights. Root and top weights were about the same in the nitrogen-treated plants and the controls. In these treatments, plants started showing typical symptoms of root decay and infection within 6 days after inoculation with Pythium F, while highly oxygenated plants remained healthy throughout the experiment and showed a significant decrease in root colonization by the pathogen, as estimated by the immunoenzymatic staining procedure and isolation of thalles on selective medium. Nitrogen-treated plants and controls produced higher amounts of conjugated dienes and revealed increased lipoxygenase activities in comparison with highly oxygenated plants. These differences were more pronounced after inoculation with the pathogen. Our data suggest that increases in lipoxygenase activity detected in the present study in tomato roots grown under oxygen stress and inoculated with Pythium F may lead to degradation and disorganization of membrane lipids. That disorganization may facilitate root colonization by the pathogen and appearance of decay.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008691226213
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