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  • Emerald  (2,832)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 1995-1999  (4,419)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
  • 1997  (4,419)
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Publisher
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  • 1995-1999  (4,419)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-management: implications for teacher training (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Training for quality 5 (1997), S. 160-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4875
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Argues for the importance of self-management in ensuring quality of teacher performance. Aims to propose a framework of teacher self-management and draw implications for teacher training. Teacher self-management is a continuous process comprising two self-propelling cycles. The major cycle consists of five sequential stages, in which teachers as strategic actors will be aware of the changing education environment and able to readjust their personal goals and action plans to meet emerging challenges. The support cycle facilitates action learning in various stages of the major cycle. Practising in the major and support cycles, teachers may develop the necessary self-renewal and competence for ensuring the quality of their professional work in the changing environment. From this conception of self-management, the traditional staff development practice in school can be re-engineered to maximize opportunities for facilitating teachers' self-management and self-learning. For both pre-service and in-service teacher training, the self-management theory can also bring alternative ideas for reforming teacher education programmes and preparing teachers for quality performance in a changing education environment. The implications should be useful not only to educational organizations but also to other professional organizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09684879710188167
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of price reduction sale ads on consumer responses (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Pricing strategy & practice 5 (1997), S. 116-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4905
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: An experiment was conducted in which level of claim (plausible versus implausible), claim type (tensile versus objective), and brand familiarity were manipulated to determine consumer responses to sale ads. Conducted in an Asian setting using percentage instead of dollar value price reductions, the results replicated and extended past findings in the pricing literature. Specifically, implausible claims that purported exaggerated savings led to greater discounting, higher perceived price reduction, higher perceived offer value, and higher shopping intention than those with plausible price reductions. Objective price claims that state the exact amount of reduction generally elicited more favorable responses than tensile claims of the "save up to ____ percent" genre. When the price reductions were implausible, tensile claims resulted in higher discounting, lower perceived price reduction, and lower perceived offer value than did objective claims. Finally, greater brand familiarity resulted in higher claim discounting and lower perceived price reduction when the claims were implausible rather than plausible. Theoretical and managerial implications are furnished together with directions for future research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09684909710171891
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of pricing strategies for new product introduction (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Pricing strategy & practice 5 (1997), S. 132-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4905
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: States that one weakness of new product introduction (NPI) is the elapsed time required to bring the product to market. Many manufacturing companies are losing the competitive race in this area to the speedy and effective execution process, which other successful companies (for example, some Japanese electronic manufacturers) use. Analyzes two sets of companies: those that bring the products to market early; and those which do so late. Describes the advantages of a company bringing product into the marketplace before its competitors, and how a company can wrestle away a larger share of the marketplace. Also provides some closed form algorithms for computing projected shares of sales volume. Using this formula, a company can compute what sales volume a company can lock-in by introducing a product to market when demand or need for a product is at its peak. Also provides a computational means for calculating possible loss of revenues when a company is not able to bring a product timely to the marketplace.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09684909710184626
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Filipino "tingui" retailing approach and cigarette price increase (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Pricing strategy & practice 5 (1997), S. 148-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4905
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The practice of selling cigarettes by sticks is a phenomenon that can be observed among Asian countries. It is prevalent in urban centers where the retailing activity is one of the major economic activities undertaken by the middle and lower echelons of the social class. In a study of the switching of consumers from one brand to the other as a response to price increases, the practice has shown a bi-directional effect. In an inter-brand shift, it acts as a buffer slowing down the change in preference by granting the consumers an ability to buy the same brand even if the budget is not enough for one pack. The opposite, however, happens in the intra-brand (local to foreign) shift. The practice makes it easier for the consumer to shift by lowering the perceived "sacrifice" in incremental price vis-à-vis the differential value between the imported and local brand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09684909710184644
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Netiquette (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Netiquette is derived by merging the words network and etiquette. More specifically the term netiquette has been described as the conventions of politeness recognized on Usenet and in mailing lists. In the context of the new Internet global culture, attempts are being made to identify common standards of etiquette. Literally hundreds of specific netiquette suggestions are published. Identifies the following most frequently cited specific suggestions for online users: think first; write in upper and lower case; avoid abbreviations; be concise; avoid smileys; don't flame; don't take offense easily; don't evangelize; and know the audience. Netiquette breaches do not always bring retribution. Most breaches of politeness and courtesy may do no more than reflect poorly on the individual user. One who knows the rules of this new culture may well have an advantage over one who does not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710187268
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Who is going online? Results from the National Capital FreeNet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 305-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The National Capital FreeNet (NCF) in Ottawa, Canada is one of the largest and most successful community online services in the world. A sample of 1,073 National Capital FreeNet (NCF) users were surveyed about their demographic characteristics, their access methods, and their levels of satisfaction. The results indicate that NCF users are not a specialized group in the community, but are comparable to the local regional population in age, education, and income. NCF users most often connect from home using modems, often using equipment and telephone lines purchased specifically for this service. NCF users connect to the system regularly, and usage of the system was not strongly related to demographic factors. NCF users are very satisfied with the system and satisfaction and donations were not strongly related to demographic factors or use of the system. These results suggest that this community network has a broad appeal and that current and future online services may have significant widespread impacts on individuals and society.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710187303
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internet implementation in Brazilian K-12 schools (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Internet is a real phenomenon. This technology is being spread out in all fields of our society, including education. But Internet does not come alone; a new modus operandi is being deployed in the productive segments of our world. Presents a framework to implement Internet in K-12 Brazilian Schools. Shows how to make Internet a pedagogical tool to leverage the cognitive skills of the pupils and to be an enabler to reengineering the productive processes within the schools. Outlines the main obstacles to implement Internet, considering the Brazilian educational scenario. Presents conclusions about the need of a new educational paradigm for the schools and how the Internet can be useful in defining it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710187295
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internet's information highway potential (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 287-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines the Internet's potential for becoming an information highway. Defines the information highway and the Internet. Describes the characteristics of an information highway. The concept of an information highway puts some requirements on the infrastructure. The users of an information highway, who are located in the residential and business environment, have their share of requirements as well, but they focus on the requirements put forward by the services or applications they will use on an information highway. Checks whether the Internet has implemented these properties and how, or if work is going on to develop them. The framework for this discussion is the TCP/IP reference model. Places some emphasis on the IP next generation protocol, IP version 6 (IPv6). Provides an overview showing all the properties with an indication of how well the posed requirements are met. Concludes that the Internet certainly has potential for becoming an information highway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710187286
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RPC-News: a real-time, personalized, Chinese news system (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 320-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: With the speedy growth of information quantity, people need a mechanism to discover automatically the information that interests them. Such a mechanism is called selective dissemination of information (SDI). Describes the design and implementation of an SDI system with the ability of delivering real-time, personalized news articles. In addition to delivering English news, it delivers Chinese articles also. Focuses on the problems that other researches seldom address. First, discusses how to store and delete news articles efficiently, then describes the user model to let users specify their interests. Finally, presents an efficient method to embed the ability to deliver Chinese as well as English news articles in the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710367736
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OCLC's role on the Internet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 46-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Briefly describes the history of the Internet and OHIONET. Discusses OCLC's role and involvement in providing a comprehensive service nationwide. Covers OCLC's commitment to provide selected services to its members via the Internet, and details the advantages of this.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710798990
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    World Thai Expert Link: a proposal in progress (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 32-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Proposes World Thai Expert Link (WorldTEL), to exploit new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), or telematics, as a main means of creating social groups and thus task-oriented workgroups in terms of motivational advantage and in a context of the psychology of interpersonal relations in a new geography of virtual space. Introduces the concept of "diaspora" communications in terms of the widespread distribution of special interest groups (e.g. experts, managers), highlighting related corporate communication issues, while concentrating on the Thai Expert diaspora. Touches on the critical philosophical issues and introduces a new relativity of space arising from the idea that, already, ICTs can enable spaces to move and people stay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710159836
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Online directories for library catalogs on the Internet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 48-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses two online directories, Hytelnet and Libgopher, which allow users to connect to a library catalog on the Internet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710159854
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scholarly resources on the Internet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 51-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes two categories of scholarly Internet resources: peer-reviewed electronic journals and academic discussion lists. Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each in turn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710799007
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internet: the marketing challenge of the twentieth century (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet has evolved into a dynamic source of information as well as an extraordinary marketing tool that is able to reach nearly any user. The Internet phenomenon has become a source for gathering timely information and converting data into profitable results at a faster rate for many firms and individuals in this revolutionary era of the twentieth century. Participants of the economy from households to foreign markets have found this dynamic phenomenal system to be a way to reach the masses with a large percentage of the Earth's composite knowledge. Examines the revolutionary impact of the Internet on the discipline of marketing for the next decade and next century.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710165226
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for monitoring Web site effectiveness (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Presents a model which organizations can use to monitor Web site effectiveness. Argues that anecdotal evidence can be colorful but is not useful in structuring and managing an effective site. Suggests that traditional disciplines of composition and communication - explicit purpose, coherent structure, relevant conclusion - should be applied to Web site design. Concludes that customer feedback must be managed in a disciplined way, by ensuring that feedback is representative of the customer population as a whole, not just of those with a propensity to comment; and that the purpose and aims of a Web site must be thought through with the utmost care and attention to give a higher likelihood of creating an effective site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710165244
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
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    Internet: the ultimate reference tool? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Analyzes the Internet as a reference tool based on its ability to provide rapid access to authoritative information or sources of information. Reveals that the Internet provides no comprehensive mechanism for identifying quality information. Bibliographic structure is also disparate, making it impossible to adopt a coherent strategy for identifying quality information. A unified service interface would help alleviate this problem. An analysis of the use of the Internet by academic librarians reveals that existing bibliographic structure is not used to best advantage. Simple strategies which would limit these deficiencies, such as the use of electronic mail, are not used. Suitable training, from an introductory to advanced level, would alleviate this problem. Suggests the use of an amended version of Benson's decision tree as a pedagogical tool. This model would help to decide when to use the Internet and suggest search paths for different question types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710165235
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Real electronic commerce - smart cards on the superhighway (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 116-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses "smart cards" as electronic cash carriers. Examines technological innovations such as the Mondex "electronic purse" in the UK, where card values can be topped up by telephone. Forecasts that in the next few years, physical cash will be replaced as a main medium for transactions by "e-cash," which is cheaper to manufacture, more portable, and more versatile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710165253
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  • 118
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    Financial services and the Internet - what does cyberspace mean for the financial services industry? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 120-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Financial services is undergoing a period of unprecedented change - new products, new entrants, mergers and acquisitions, downsizing ... and now another new delivery channel: the Internet. The performance attributes of the Internet are related to both the needs of consumers and the nature of financial services products. Suggests loans, cross-border services, payments and "knowledge/advice" as areas of opportunity in the early development of this new marketplace. Explores scenarios for the future development of "bancassurer" offerings and for electronic commerce as a whole. Draws on some of Hyperion's recent experience in helping to launch electronic commerce services on the Internet, reengineering of financial institutions and electronic cash, to suggest approaches for organizations wishing to participate in this new "marketspace." While businesses can now begin to develop strategies for exploiting cyberspace, argues that existing organizational structures may be inappropriate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710165262
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
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    Get linked or get lost: marketing strategy for the Internet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Develops detailed marketing strategy recommendations for online commerce based on the general popularity of the Internet, the unique nature of doing business there, and how its attributes may be utilized for a successful marketing presence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710171805
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  • 120
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    Adult IT programs: a discourse on pedagogy strategy and the Internet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 129-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses strategies for implementing modern knowledge management curricula in academic programs for adult professionals. References the perspectives of multidisciplinary curricula covering information and society; multimedia and hypermedia; electronic information design and presentation; and infrastructure development and implementation. The analysis assumes the increasing involvement of highly trained professionals in adult education programs; the continuing growth of corporate universities in scope and breadth; the integration of corporate programs with traditional colleges and universities; and the increasing use of the Internet as a mechanism to coordinate, supplement, support, and integrate learning experiences. Advances historical and pedagogical methodologies as a means to provide perspective and structure for program development and future research. References an information technology (IT) program for mid-career information managers in Northern California and serving the high-technology area known as Silicon Valley.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710165271
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  • 121
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    Bridging the academic-practitioner divide - a problem of perception? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 16-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In 1995 the Universities of Plymouth and Exeter (with backing from the local Training Enterprise Council) took the decision to collaborate on an extensive piece of market research, designed to bring them closer to their local business community. Reviews the findings of that study which relate to businesses' perceptions of the two institutions. Concludes that university services are perceived as being of the highest quality, but there is little awareness of the full range of services currently on offer. There is also evidence that both institutions need to improve their marketing activities, both in terms of providing an appropriate range of services and by ensuring that these are adequately promoted to the target market.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710156849
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  • 122
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    Training - the stuff of legends (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 53-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Explains the theory on the core competences of the organization and the competences of individual employees. Looks at the management style in competence-based organizations and the way in which a competence-based human resource management (HRM) system can help in achieving the organization's objectives, as well as examining competence management and empowerment. A concrete application of a competence-based HRM system in the petrochemicals industry illustrates the task of linking an organization's core competences to the personal competences of employees by making use of HRM instruments. Ends with a summary of the challenges HRM professionals face in competence-based organizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710165029
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  • 123
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    Interpersonal skills training for quality service interactions (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 70-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Achieving improvements in customer service is now recognized as a major challenge facing manufacturing and service industries throughout the world. This challenge is particularly pertinent to the tourism and hospitality sector. Notions of quality in the tourism and hospitality sector have changed dramatically in the past 25 years: it was once synonymous with luxury and personalized service; it now counts at all levels of price. Service quality is often presented in the literature as primarily a marketing-oriented concept; however, it has major implications for the quality of human resources and specifically for training and development activities. Focuses on the human resource dimension, specifically the behaviours which hinder and facilitate transactions between people in a service environment. Begins with a discussion of the concepts of quality, customer and service improvement, then considers the factors influencing interpersonal relationships and discusses alternative approaches to the development of interpersonal skills. Considers the nature of services and, finally, reports a study which evaluates the impact of an interpersonal training and development intervention on the quality of service provided by front-office staff in a medium-sized hotel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710165056
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  • 124
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    Managerial stress - dealing with the causes, not the symptoms (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Defines job stress. Explains why managerial stress is likely to be on the increase. Notes the increased attention to managerial stress, e.g. attempts to measure stress and relaxation techniques. Warns about the dangers of concentrating just on the symptoms, which may be counterproductive. Emphasizes the need to identify and deal with basic causes. Explains the technique of "Role set analysis" as a means of stress reduction by "load management". Individual management skills also need assessing as lack of these can cause or exacerbate managerial "overload". Organizational realities are that managers often have to work out their own salvation and the technique of role set analysis can be directly applied by individual managers. It can also be used on a departmental workshop basis and as a strategic concept at organization level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710164994
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  • 125
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    Competence development - a challenge for human resource professionals: core competences of organizations as guidelines for the development of employees (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 55-62 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Challenges the popular myth that businesses' ills are easily cured by training. Argues that training is frequently misused as propaganda, distracting from searching analysis of organizations' real problems. Uses examples of misapplied training initiatives which leave a warm feeling but miss their target. Contrasts training with education: training pursues an outside-in agenda aimed at instilling learner compliance with external standards. Education, by contrast, works inside-out, offering choice and challenging the status quo. Advocates leadership which favours the values of education more than training. Proposes a more balanced equation between the supply of talent and its intelligent and healthy utilization. Shows how a creative, multilevered approach to change develops corporate competence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710165038
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  • 126
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    Academic leaders: made or born? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 78-84 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Leadership is essential in all organizations and educational institutions are no exception, but the concept of academic leadership is unique in higher education and, arguably, is concerned with leadership that extends beyond the organization into the wider world that higher education institutions seek to serve. Traditional concepts of academic leadership are closely associated with individual excellence. Explores the importance of the contingency model of leadership, which suggests that leadership style might change to accommodate changing and differing environments. The way in which teams function in higher education could be closely matched with the concept of the self-directed team. The concept of the learning organization as an organization which knows how to transform itself to meet changing circumstances defines specific roles for leaders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710165065
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    Proving the effectiveness of training (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 88-91 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Discusses the importance of proving the effectiveness of training. Effectiveness is the primary motive for training. Describes ways to evaluate training's effectiveness, behaviour changes on the job being the most important. Defines an approach whereby individuals can see how they have changed and quantify the amount of change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710165083
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    Negotiation - mystic art or identifiable process? Part 2 (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 153-157 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Looks at the sequel to the article about running negotiating workshops for managers. Explains relevant theory and the practice of negotiations. Issues include the context of negotiations, offers and counter-offers, avoidance of deadlock, the use of third parties and "back channels", cultural aspects and the maintenance of agreements. Gives particular attention to the issue of internal team differences. Presents relevant examples from a range of situations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710171761
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    Employability - creating a contract of mutual investment (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 187-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Employability can be a new form of job security. It involves a new mutual psychological contract where employers provide self-development for vulnerable employees (i.e. all employees) and employees take advantage of those opportunities. It is important that the self-enhancement is in tune with business goals. There needs to be an ongoing dialogue about the present and future needs of the individual and the business. Individuals need to prioritize and set goals, manage change, present themselves well, network strategically, invest in continuous learning and work well in teams. Management needs to adopt a coaching style, using listening and motivation skills to facilitate good decision making by employees. All this requires a high level of understanding, a healthy life balance, and change resilience. Congruence is a key concept. When employees are seeking the same goals as the organization, both are likely to succeed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710177468
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    Motivation factors that force a sales training programme and the experience within the brewing industry (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 10-15 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: After slumping sales in the 1950s, the brewing industry experienced three great decades. The recovery happened because the new generation of brewers, distributors and retailers woke up to the challenge of the time. During the 1990s and into the millennium it is yet again time to face new challenges in the industry. Although innovation in products is vital, a second area where brewers need to show innovation and take action is in customer service, and the development of training for the salesforce. Looks at motivational themes and evaluates research that help mould proposed training programmes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710156830
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    Success factors in learning organizations: an empirical study (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 41-48 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The learning organization may be the key to future success for organizations. There is no blueprint for success, but companies need to recognize and utilize the experience and expertise of their employees. In return, they must provide appropriate rewards and generate an environment of mutual trust and openness. A significant factor in this is the sharing of information. Attempts to assess learning organization characteristics in an engineering company using a specially developed questionnaire. Presents findings using eight conceptual groups. The company could not claim to have become a learning organization, though it had moved in this direction. Empowerment and employees' self-development were the areas where the company had developed most. Progress appeared to have been impeded by lack of change in other departments and by failure to share information throughout the company. This, in turn, had precluded the growth of trust between management and other employees.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710165001
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    The outdoors as an environment for learning and change management (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 26-30 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This is not yet another article outlining our experiences as outdoor management development facilitators. It is a serious attempt to describe how we have used the outdoors as a platform for encouraging groups of managers and trainers to review the whole process of learning how to bring about change in their organizations. Takes the ideas of Deming and Senge very much to heart and expounds the theories of self-directed and enterprise-led learning as the vehicles for change. Through the outdoor activities, refers to the obvious benefits of the customer-supplier, rather than the command and control ways of working; the importance of sharing "mental models" becomes obvious as does the benefits of contributions from all members and not just the favoured few. Further, claims that competition can be counter-productive to achieving a "quality" outcome. Explains that skills which participants begin to acquire during this time, particularly the skill of "learning to learn" are put to work back in the training room as strategic and purposeful action plans are drawn up ready for implementation back in the workplace.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710156858
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    Strategic issues for training (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 97-140 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Discusses, in this special issue, material grouped under four main headings: tomorrow's executive challenges; effective organizational learning; the virtual university model; and effective training capabilities. The items included are brief and to the point allowing the reader to take on board ranges of ideas and issues. Includes studies on IKEA; mentoring; Whitbread; Polaroid; BAA; Sema Group; Starbucks and McDonalds, among others.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710791592
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    The Learning River - six years of learning and cruising (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 143-147 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Describes how the Learning River, which is a model for achieving the best means of continuous learning to achieve business objectives, was created and developed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710171743
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    Communicating a winning image (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 158-165 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A Greek philosopher once refused to have his portrait painted because he felt it bad enough to be condemned with his image in which nature had imprisoned him. That is personal image. For business, image is even more important. As the old pun puts it, "If you don't strike oil in a few minutes, stop boring". Because image communicates, discusses what it takes to develop a good personal image through good appearance and investing in a genuine sustained charm. Maps out some strategies for companies to enhance their business image through establishing a brand name, designing corporate identifiers, communicating with the public and investors, projecting an image of professionalism and competence, organizing image-building campaigns, making ethical decisions, and handling housekeeping.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710171770
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    Coaching - not new but newly relevant (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 166-167 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Claims that satisfied employees are essential to commercial success, and that employability can be traded against job security. Cites empowerment and coaching as staff motivators, and claims that both are necessary for employees to drive the company forward.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710171789
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    Integrating team-teaching, technology and distance learning in MBA programmes: a case study (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 29 (1997), S. 218-225 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Chronicles the evolution to an integrated MBA at the University of Tennessee and relates a view of the team teaching experience and integration of technology. The cross-functional teaching experiences illustrate the issues in working in a team while later sections summarize suggestions for duplication and implementation in other MBA programmes. Explores problems, issues, and barriers are along with grading and evaluation suggestions. Finally, compares student and faculty benefits and stresses the importance of administrative support to facilitate implementation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859710190733
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    Healthy eating for children under two years - just what is appropriate? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 97 (1997), S. 12-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nutrition is one of the critical factors which influence health, growth and development among small children, but which also affects the health of those children when they become adults. Attitudes towards foods are often determined very early in life and the promotion of "healthy" eating patterns among all age groups depends partly on understanding the factors which influence food choice decision making and the factors which determine attitudes towards food and food choice. Food choice, however, is still often characterized by an "all or nothing" approach, whereas a balance which allows a child to feel "normal" while healthy eating patterns are discretely promoted is often of greater long-term benefit. This article highlights some recent controversies in nutrition for very young children and indicates what recent research in this area means in practice.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659710157259
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    Using drama as a nutrition education tool in schools (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 97 (1997), S. 23-25 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reports on the use of peer education in the form of drama, as a nutrition education medium in secondary schools. Describes the process of devising a forum theatre show - "The Food Show" - as part of the formal and informal curriculum, using drama and PSHE lessons. Short-term evaluation demonstrates increased food and health awareness in year 9 pupils, to whom the show is performed, and identifies positive trends towards healthier eating behaviour at school. Details an ongoing programme of long-term evaluation in researching effective nutrition interventions in schools.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659710157286
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    Dietary phytoestrogens: disease prevention versus potential hazards (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 97 (1997), S. 32-38 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dietary phytoestrogens are currently being extensively investigated because of the possibility that they may protect against disease. Soya isoflavones, in particular, are attracting considerable attention because there is increasing evidence that they may protect against breast and prostate cancers and heart disease and osteoporosis. Considers the evidence for disease prevention by phytoestrogens and the biological mechanisms by which they may act. Explores dietary sources of phytoestrogens and the production of both traditional and non-traditional soya foods. Considers the potential hazards of dietary phytoestrogens, including their use in infant formulas and associated, possibly harmful, developmental effects, and the possibility that they may display the harmful oestrogenic effects of oral contraceptives by increasing risk of deep vein thrombosis (blood clots). Finally, assesses the benefits versus the risk of dietary phytoestrogens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659710157303
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    Processing of fruit and vegetables: effect on carotenoids (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 97 (1997), S. 58-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reviews the potential impact of processing procedures on carotenoid form and content. Fruit and vegetables, in particular, are abundant sources of carotenoids in the diet. Many fruit and vegetables are subjected to various types of processing prior to consumption. Fruit may be canned, dried or processed into juices, while vegetables may be blanched, dehydrated, frozen, canned and also processed into juices. Factors such as heat, light and oxygen exposure may have detrimental effects (including destruction and isomerization, with loss of vitamin A activity), while some procedures may bring benefits (such as increased unit content and retention, breakdown of inhibitory structures and enhanced bioavailability). Concludes that the extent and nature of processing can have a significant impact on the form and content of carotenoids in processed fruit and vegetables.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659710161858
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    Conducting dietary surveys in hospitals: some practical considerations (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 97 (1997), S. 107-111 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Looks mainly at issues raised during an investigation based on hospital "feeding" of Bengali and British patients in a large general hospital. Particularly considers a range of factors relating to the carrying out of such an investigation, including recruitment of patients, type of dietary survey, duration of survey and implications of the Food Safety Act. Concludes that problems relating to nutrition in hospital are complex and relate not only to the food itself but also to factors such as the delivery of the food.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659710161975
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    Helicobacter pylori and its role in peptic ulcer disease (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 97 (1997), S. 141-145 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The majority of peptic ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and it is now clear that eradication of H. pylori dramatically reduces ulcer recurrence. Other important outcomes of H. pylori infection include chronic gastritis (which may be asymptomatic), gastric cancer and lymphoma. Aims to give a brief overview of the discovery, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori associated disease.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659710179679
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    The National Food Guide: how relevant is it to vegans? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 97 (1997), S. 168-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Considers the relevance of the National Food Guide to vegans. Looks at various groupings, e.g. meat, fish and alternatives, and suggests improvements to the information currently presented in the guide, e.g. an increased emphasis on the protein value of pulses. Concludes that an alternative guide would be a good idea for people on a strict vegetarian diet, mentioning the Vegan Food Guide to be presented in a later issue of the journal.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659710169913
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    Healthy Schools Award - the nutritional component (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 97 (1997), S. 172-174 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Looks at the nutritional element of the Healthy Schools Award, which has been developed to promote health in schools. Gives some background details about the award and outlines how schools work towards the award. Considers the criteria for food which is based on The Balance of Good Health. Concludes that the award contains positive elements for schools.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659710169779
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    Baking technology at South Bank University (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 97 (1997), S. 192-193 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Focuses on research and teaching in the field of bakery technology, including aspects involving food nutrition. Main research activities involve the transfer of research findings and associated technology to small and medium sized enterprises under the Teaching Company Initiative. One of these involves the development of foods for sufferers of coeliac syndrome.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659710169823
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    MAFF research programme on optimal nutrition status (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 97 (1997), S. 208-211 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Briefly outlines the main objectives of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) research programme on optimal nutrition status. Summarizes the project portfolio and lists recent, current and future research topics in the programme. Also looks at future plans in the light of the major nutrition review of MAFF-funded research in 1996 and the research requirements requested that will take the programme into the next millennium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659710180299
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    How clean is clean? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 97 (1997), S. 194-195 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Looks at CaterClean, a new service from Rentokil Hygiene Division, which combines deep cleaning with rapid-result testing. Outlines what the programme involves and concludes that this service will help operators to satisfy themselves, their customers and the enforcement authorities that they reach the required hygiene standards.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659710169841
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    Folate and risk of cardiovascular disease (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 97 (1997), S. 218-220 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Looks at the relationship between folate intake, elevated plasma total homocysteine and cardiovascular disease. Notes that the mechanisms between plasma homocysteine levels and cardiovascular disease are the subject of intense research activity. Suggests that increased folate intakes can reduce plasma homocysteine and subsequently help prevent cardiovascular disease.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659710180325
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    Vitamin C: new approaches to bioavailability and turnover (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 97 (1997), S. 236-238 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Notes difficulties related to devising specific functional tests of vitamin C status. Looks at approaches used in the study of the mechanisms of vitamin C absorption and their limitations. Outlines the goals of a MAFF project to begin in 1997; these being, for example, to improve current analytical procedures in this area.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659710180398
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    Global behaviour, unique responses: consumption within cultural frameworks (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 700-708 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Increasingly, product managers and promotional strategists weigh the impacts of homogeneous products and uniform promotion coupled with the unique character of specific market segments. This is especially crucial in an era when many products are advertised in identical ways and consumed in analogous manners over diverse cultural areas. In order to explore the influence of cultural variations on marketing, discusses the conflicting ways in which an international advertising icon, "the Marlboro man", is interpreted in three different cultural settings. The resulting analysis has both theoretical and practical value.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710192011
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    Performance learning (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 721-730 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Describes a new methodology "outcomes-driven performance learning and development" (performance learning or PL) which addresses shortcomings often evident in the practice of action learning. These shortcomings include lack of systemic strategic framing, problem-structuring, problem-solving and learning processes founded narrowly on the scientific method without regard for readily accessible up-to-date tools and methods; and lack of routine explicit exploration of mindsets and other "soft" factors important to personal development. Demonstrates that performance learning is consistent with the aims of Revans' Systems Beta, Alpha and Gamma. Concludes that performance learning is uniquely relevant to the development of a learning organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710192039
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    Revitalizing TQM efforts: a self-reflective diagnosis based on the theory of constraints (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 746-752 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Product quality is merely a necessary condition for a firm to stay in the market. Yet most managers have not accepted this perceived reality. Highlights a self-reflective diagnosis used to uncover the real contribution of TQM in achieving the firm's global goal. Also introduces the theory of constraints as a powerful tool to guide decision processes that could bring the firm closer to its goal.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710192066
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    Organizational choice and organizational change (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 753-759 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Follows on from and develops the arguments presented in an earlier Management Decision article - "No such thing as ... a 'one best way' to manage organizational change" (Burnes, 1996a). Begins by examining Burnes' (1996b) Choice Management - Change Management model which, in particular, draws attention to the influence on the choices an organization makes of the context in which it operates. Then moves on to discuss Miles and Snow's (1978) classification of organizations into four strategic types. From this, argues that the choices an organization makes, regarding what to change and how to change it, will be significantly influenced by its strategic type. Concludes by maintaining that, on the one hand, organizations can create a virtuous circle whereby they can influence or control the circumstances in which they operate through the changes they make and how they make them. However, on the other hand, organizations can find themselves in a vicious spiral of decline and stagnation through an inability to control their own destiny and inconsistent and unsuccessful approaches to change.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710192075
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    The Virtual Neural Business System: a vision for IT support for the network form organization (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 40-48 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: One of the consequences of trends in business worldwide has been the emergence of the "network form" organization - alliances of independent operating units bound together by a mutuality of interests and shared visions of the future for their industry rather than as subsidiaries of a single hierarchical firm. These operating units are seen as offering the flexibility and responsiveness necessary in today's turbulent and fast-changing industrial situations. This article reviews the particular demands of these new organizational structures, including the reconciling of latest thinking on control and co-ordination needs with the advantages of unit autonomy. It then offers a vision and structure for an information technology-based integrating framework. The system is styled a virtual neural business system (V-NBS) to suggest that it would not only manage and and fuel the operations of the network partners by linking their sensory and motor components, but also act as a whole-system knowledge, experience and "thinking function accessible and available to support all managers in their individual decision making".
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710160179
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    Output sub-optimization in the small firm (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 739-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines output determination in a sample of 50 small engineering firms with up to 100 employees in the Hampshire, Sussex, Dorset and Wiltshire region during 1992-1997. Face-to-face interviews using a personal, open, unstructured approach were conducted in all firms with selected follow-up discussions during the five-year period. The findings indicate disconcerting problems of output determination within the sample. As a result of non-optimum approaches to output determination displayed by the firms, financial returns will inevitably tend to remain disappointing for the small engineering firm. Seeks to provide all those interested in the promotion of business activity in the small firm sector, such as industry itself, higher education, government departments, the advisory bodies, consultants and local authorities, with a clearer appreciation of the real motivations and weaknesses behind output decision making.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710192057
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    No such thing as ... scientific management (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 779-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Classical (rationalistic) management science is based on an image of what constitutes scientific practice. However, the arena from which this image emanates has moved on quite considerably. As to what now constitutes science, we are drawn to the fact that the idea of an autarkic subject discipline is disappearing and being replaced by a new (cyborg) mode of thinking. Thus, for a scientific, not scientistic, management science we should consider cyborgology: management science as a cyborg science, something more than the empty rhetoric that this label at first implies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710192101
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    The critical operating cycle (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 14-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Focuses on the operating cycle. Provides a conceptual and practical understanding of issues and relationships of importance to all managers, such as invested capital, flowing capital, return of and on capital, lost and idle capital, risk-return-value relationships, basic cost relationships and economic break-even. Explains and emphasizes how the operating cycle, and indeed the survival of the firm and creation of value, are critically dependent on the marketing function. Demonstrates why the contribution of each individual to the "team" is vital to creating value. Illustrates the importance of and provides guidelines for applying the concepts in the different functional areas with an example focusing on human resource management.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710160142
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    Marketing professional associations (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 49-52 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Worldwide professional, trade, research and other associations are losing membership because of increasing economic stringency and the failure to demonstrate the benefits they can deliver. This is a vicious circle, because loss of membership reduces their critical representational and protection of standards function. Shows how associations, by adopting marketing techniques adapted to their specific needs, can obtain and retain members, ensure corporate support and, as importantly, increase the level of membership involvement within the association. Gives examples of how two associations establish and monitor member need and the values they place on the services provided.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710160188
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    The use of expert systems in business transformation (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 53-57 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Expert systems have become the more acceptable face of the much mooted "artificial intelligence" of the 1980s. A survey of UK organizations was undertaken in order to determine the usage rate and the main applications of expert systems. The responses indicate that very little use is being made of the available technology, and that where expert systems are used, they are often utilized in routine roles. Interviews were carried out with 12 high-level managers in medium and large organizations to ascertain the possible results of poor or little use of expert systems and why organizations are reluctant to use them. The consensus is that, on a global scale, UK firms may lose sustained competitive advantage if they do not make the best use of the technology available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710160197
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    Acquisitions and firm characteristics: the importance of internal monitoring mechanisms (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 155-162 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: An important characteristic of public limited liability companies is that those which provide a company's finance are not involved in the running of the business. It is therefore in the interests of the owners (shareholders) to ensure that the management team is implementing policies consistent with shareholder objectives. If the controls imposed by the shareholders are ineffective, the firm's performance will suffer and it will become a takeover target. Compares the characteristics of a sample of acquired and non-acquired firms. Finds evidence that acquired firms are less profitable than non-acquired firms. Results show that the board structures of acquired firms make managerial discretion more likely. Finds that acquired firms are more likely to have a dual chief executive officer and chairman, have a lower proportion of non-executive directors on the board and have non-executive directors who are perceived to be less effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710160313
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    A strategic model for the formulation of an effective make or buy decision (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 169-178 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Illustrates that the make or buy is a strategic decision and has implications for the overall corporate strategy of the organization by describing a model which involves analysing a number of strategic factors. In recent years, many companies have been moving significantly away from "making" towards "buying". However, research has revealed that make or buy decisions are rarely taken within a thoroughly strategic perspective. It has been shown that many firms adopt a short-term perspective and are motivated primarily by the search for short-term cost reductions. It is argued that make or buy decisions are made most frequently by default with little consideration for the long-run competitiveness of the organization. Presents an outline of three key problems encountered by companies in their efforts to formulate an effective make or buy decision to illustrate the weaknesses in current make or buy practice. The make or buy model described in this article attempts to overcome these problems by offering an organization a conceptual framework to follow in the sourcing decision.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710160331
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    Collection communications: a problem child of management (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 106-109 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: One category of persuasive communication directed towards customers, clients and other organizations is aimed at collecting overdue accounts. Examines the position of businesses which have overdue accounts and the position of persons holding these accounts. Then, presents guidelines for collection communications ranging from the gently persuasive "friendly reminder" to the strongly persuasive "threat of legal action".
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710160250
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    Exposing the illusion of confidence in financial analysis (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 163-168 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The use of discounted cashflow (DCF) techniques to evaluate major investment proposals is now commonplace. What is less generally known is that DCF analysis becomes unreliable when used to solve several common problems including the treatment of risk, real options, synergy and intangible assets. Argues that these problems occur primarily because the DCF approach assumes that decision makers are able to make accurate estimates of incremental risks and returns; a situation seldom encountered in practice. States that managers should beware the illusion of confidence created by financial figures developed in the absence of certainty. Suggests that in these cases, financial analysis should be supplemented, even supplanted, by strategic thinking and sound managerial judgement.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710160322
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    Corporate culture of a clan organization (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 94-99 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Uses a case study to illustrate DHL International's corporate culture, which may be used as a benchmark for other companies in the service industry sector. Suggests that the business success factors of this organization lie in its adoption of the culture and structural characteristics of a clan organization. Clan organizations can create for themselves a more manageable social space that will provide them with protection and stability. The clan metaphor, and its organizing principles, may provide guidelines to be used by companies to manage strategically within a turbulent environment. Argues that when the general conditions within an environment are moving towards turbulent conditions, the business organizations within that environment should prepare for their own structural consolidation to ward off uncertainties. Such a structural consolidation can be modelled after the formation of social enclaves, or clans.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710160232
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    Going for the gold (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 119-124 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Likens the world of top-class sports and team playing with business organizations. Discusses player development, leadership, players' assumptions, partnerships with customers and employs Tamrock, a multinational corporation based in Finland,as a case in point.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710160278
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    Establishing a strategic direction: a review (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 143-154 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Corporate planning involves setting down overall corporate financial goals and using these as the basis for setting goals in the various functional areas of the business. In the case of marketing, strategies aimed at achieving stated goals and objectives are based on an analysis of marketing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and their impact on the organization. Employs cross impact analysis to assess the impact of environmental variables - such as technology, economy, customers and competition - on the strategic business units of an organization. It can be extended to look at the impact on future or potential businesses as well. The technique helps to identify various threats and opportunities which surround the organization. Employs gap analysis to identify the difference between aspirations and likely achievements with the current product-market portfolio. Aids choice of marketing objectives and strategy by an analysis undertaken to identify strengths and weaknesses of the organization and opportunities and threats which exist in the environment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710160304
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    Of chaos and complexity: managerial insights from a new science (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 205-218 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Notes that as interest in the study of complex systems has grown, a new vocabulary is emerging to describe discoveries about wide-ranging and fundamental phenomena. Argues that a shared language based on the vocabulary of complexity can have an important role in a management context. Considers the need to identify value-added knowledge and suggests that language and metaphor are the key tools for such identification. Looks at the distinction between value-added investments in knowledge and in infrastructure and the extent to which complexity metaphors can contribute in these areas. Presents several case studies illustrating the role of complexity metaphors.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710169413
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    Robust strategies in a day (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 219-223 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: As a development from previous work on "simpler scenarios", a format has now been devised which allows the complete scenario planning process, from start of environmental analysis to finished robust strategies, to be run in just one day. The new process revolves around four main sessions - compressed into a single day: (1) development of global scenario drivers for 2025; (2) development of "industry sector" drivers for 2010; (3) development of alternative scenarios; (4) investigation of key turning points and development of robust strategies
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710169422
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    Capital investment analysis for managers (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 250-257 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Briefly describes the nature and importance of capital investments and why managers of all functional areas should understand the basics of analysis. Reviews conceptual issues. Develops important perspectives for corporate leaders, managers and analysts. Provides practical guidelines for analysis. Furnishes a useful format for analysis easily adaptable to spreadsheet analysis. Illustrates techniques of analysis using a sample capital project. Interprets the results in a common-sense manner and in terms of the contribution of the project to shareholder value. Addresses issues at a level appropriate for each professional manager regardless of their area of expertise and functional assignment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710169468
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    The role of trust in customer relationships: asking the right questions (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 273-282 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Takes an in-depth look at the meaning of trust in customer relationships by drawing from the economics and communications literatures, where researchers distinguish between concepts of trustworthiness and trusting behaviour. Develops a typology of trust based on whether a marketing entity is considered trustworthy and whether a behaviour can be considered trusting, and offers the managerial implications of ideas presented, along with six propositions for future research. The perspective presented here suggests that marketing researchers must first come to terms with the meaning of trust in customer relationships before they can begin to understand its role in more comprehensive, explanatory models of customer behaviour.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710169657
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    Defining relationship marketing: an international perspective (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 319-321 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Relationship marketing has emerged as a big new idea for many Western companies. Relational, as opposed to transactional exchange is the norm in many countries. However, an exchange method which has worked well at home may fail in a culture with different values. While companies may reconfigure their product and promotion for a foreign market, failure to adapt methods of exchange may bring about a marketing failure. Reviews the complexity of cultural priorities and makes suggestions for methods by which firms can sensitively adapt the basis of their relationship with customers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710169710
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    Learning alliances - a new dimension of strategic alliances (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 351-357 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Notes that strategic alliances provide opportunities for partners to come together and create greater value rather than a basic commercial transaction. Proposes a conceptual framework for strategic relationships and suggests this can be adapted in internationally-focused or domestic-oriented alliances. Posits that this framework refers to "learning alliances" aimed at establishing a mutual relationship based on co-operation, not competition. Shows that organizations develop this relationship through a process which involves elements such as creating a learning environment and having a systemic perspective. Explains that this learning environment enables alliance partners to build a relationship which enhances the strategic fit between the companies for the long term. Discusses the belief that the future success of strategic alliances will be held within the realms of co-operative learning - learning alliances.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710173715
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    "Managerial grid" and Zhuge Liang's "Art of management": integration for effective project management (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 382-391 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: States that much of the existing management literature was written entirely from a Western perspective without any reference to practices in the East. Explains that, in the booming East Asian market, project managers from the West would need to pay special attention to Oriental beliefs, cultures and philosophies. Attempts, for the purpose of integration, to put together the managerial grid framework from the West with an ancient Chinese strategic treatise written by Zhuge Liang 1,600 years ago. Suggests that there are many similarities between the "Managerial grid" and Zhuge Liang's "Art of management" when used to resolve problems related to project management.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710173751
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    Developing a mission for an entrepreneurial venture (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 373-381 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: States that a sense of mission can be a powerful force in shaping and guiding an entrepreneurial venture. Discusses how it focuses the entrepreneur's vision and gives it a real strategic direction. Articulated as a formal mission statement it can be used to bring together disparate stakeholder groups within the organization. Posits that it also acts as an aide-mémoire for communicating what the venture has to offer customers, suppliers, and potential employees. States also that a clear mission can also help in attracting investment. It catches the attention of potential investors and suggests professionalism in management approach. Explains, however, if it is to be effective, the mission must be right for the venture, developed with sympathy to the organization and be communicated effectively. Presents a practical, five-stage approach to developing a mission for an entrepreneurial venture. This approach ensures that the strategic, competitive and organization context of the venture has been considered and is properly reflected in the final mission statement.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710173742
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    TQM and BPR: symbiosis and a new approach for integration (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 409-416 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Total quality management (TQM) and business process re-engineering (BPR) are two management approaches designed to improve organizational performance and quality. Because of the pace, time required, and initiatives for change, TQM and BPR are regarded as two completely different improvement programmes. They also share common features, which create the basis for a possible integration of TQM and BPR under the endless quality improvement concept. Organizations that can effectively combine TQM and BPR would be very successful in gaining a sustainable competitive advantage. In the context of the system approach, introduces a BPR life cycle model. Answers two main questions: when should a re-engineering programme be undertaken?; and how long should the period of gradual improvement last before a new re-engineering programme is implemented? Provides an implementation example of this model through a real organization.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710173788
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    The memetics of firms, entrepreneurship and the new body politic: the memetics of the marketplace (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 447-451 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: If business success were the elixir of life, there have been, and will always be, many who claim to have its formula. Each attempts to sell a new generation this complex, ever-changing solution, and does so with concepts and ideas which are, perhaps, inordinately simplistic in relation to the problem, but which nevertheless can be comprehended. Considers the selling of solutions via abducted concepts and ideas as entrepreneurship. It is a skill to be valued, but it is not without its problems for the business practitioner, as its outcome in terms of downsizing is subsequently proving.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710173814
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    Korean auto producers: Asia's next major force in Europe (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 497-507 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Korean auto industry of less than ten years ago was quite different from today. Then it relied heavily on technology and one company, selling one model in one export market. Today, the market concentration strategy has been abandoned and the international business strategy is in a period of transition. Once overlooked, Europe is now a priority market. Explains why and considers the implications.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710170448
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    Leadership as competence (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 519-526 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Contends that leadership is a fundamental organizational competence. Defines leadership and the process. Identifies contingencies relevant to and analysis of leadership and the leadership process. Describes leadership as competence, and reviews a variety of the components of this competence. In addition defines and analyses leadership as competence to include accessory functions, leadership intelligence, and management by wandering around (MBWA).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710170484
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    Success through service (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 677-681 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: An organization must provide total customer satisfaction, if it is to become a market leader. However, many organizations only provide lip service to this "blindingly obvious" philosophy. Emphasizes several ways an organization can avoid this hypocrisy and become truly customer oriented. The principal keys to success are strategy, people and culture. A customer-driven strategy must be solution based, customized, distinctive and future oriented so that both the articulated and unarticulated needs of customers are satisfied now and in the future. This may mean being technology led as well as close to the customer, because customers often lack foresight (e.g. the Sony Walkman). Employees must be committed to customer satisfaction through inspirational leadership, empowerment in cross-functional teams, and a customer-focused corporate culture. People must instinctively try to satisfy customers, because they readily identify with their organization's purpose.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710186513
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    Competitive strategies and business performance: evidence from the adhesives and sealants industry (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 35 (1997), S. 689-703 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Synthesizes the contributions of a number of scholars on competitive strategies. Discusses several imperfections in the literature. Submits three propositions for empirical testing in a fragmented industry - the adhesives and sealants industry. The results of the investigation suggest that business units which compete with the low cost strategy and differentiation strategy have higher ROIs than enterprises which compete with low costs only or differentiation only. As a group, however, the high profit firms are not significantly larger in size than the groups of low profit companies studied. Thus, what is elaborated is that competing with both strategies may involve benefits that are not based on advantages of larger market shares and scale economies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749710186531
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    Achieving empowerment using the Empowerment Strategy Grid (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 18 (1997), S. 64-73 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: To survive in an increasingly competitive environment, companies today are searching for innovative ways to enhance the creative potential of their workforce. Like total quality management (TQM) and re-engineering, empowerment has become a 1990s mantra. Yet empowerment in practice is more than just a current buzzword: it is a significant leadership challenge. To confront this challenge, we have developed the Empowerment Strategy Grid, an assessment tool which can help companies avoid the implementation pitfalls associated with group differences, variations in the definition and degree of empowerment across an organization, and human-resource interventions which unintentionally disempower. Comprehensively describes the Empowerment Strategy Grid and its practical application in facilitating a leading US multinational's transition to empowered work teams and potential achievement of empowerment benefits. Also presents implications for companies managing similar change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739710168427
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    Conceptualizing the dynamics of organizations: foundations for situational analysis (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 18 (1997), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Complexity of the organizations has created an immense diversity of approaches for research and consultancy. Based on a review of previous work, proposes a new theoretical model for organizational analysis which examines three levels of organizational consultancy. The first level is the level of business organization. The second level focuses on the internal management and organization of resources. The third level examines the individuals and the human behaviour at work. Presents the situational analysis in organization as an evaluation procedure allowing in-depth analysis of problems in work situations. The ultimate goal of this procedure is to enable consultants to map out the key elements for evaluation in work situations and to test existing relationships between different factors considered in organizational re-design. The proposed methodology has been developed as part of a consultancy project based on participant observation and conducted by the author in Bulgaria in 1988.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739710168463
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  • 184
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    Views from the top: foundation CEOs look at leadership succession (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 18 (1997), S. 108-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Investigates the issue of succession planning and implementation for chief executive officers (CEOs) at philanthropic organizations. Provides a description, definition and classification for philanthropic organizations: family, operating, community, and company-sponsored. Selects four foundation CEOs representing some of the four types noted in the typology for research. Gives them the same case study to review, read, and respond to five questions targeted to the case study and to their foundation's philosophy of succession planning. Discusses unique features and uncovers similar features and analyses reactions. Suggests that no foundation CEO interviewees had experience with succession planning or felt the choices in the study appropriate. Also identifies the need to study the process of grant awarding to uncover additional aspects related to understanding power, leadership, and influence in foundations' policies for choosing leadership and transferring authority in a planned way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739710168472
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  • 185
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    Androgynous leadership style: an integration rather than a polarization (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 18 (1997), S. 166-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Previous leadership studies indicate that stereotypically masculine behaviours characterize task-oriented leadership style and that stereotypically feminine behaviours (relations-oriented leadership style) are devalued. However, it has been frequently observed in the past that organizational goals could not be exclusively achieved by either masculine or feminine characteristics of leaders. Suggests that an integration rather than a polarization becomes necessary for leaders and organizations. That is, an androgynous leadership style can be the most appropriate for achieving high performance in many organizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739710168643
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  • 186
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    The system of profound knowledge: a revised profile of managerial leadership (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 18 (1997), S. 229-235 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Investigates the underlying principles of W. Edwards Deming's management theory, the "System of profound knowledge", to determine whether the managerial leadership properties of this theory reveal distinct profile patterns for Deming and traditional managers. Individuals selected for this study were a random sample of managers from the American Society for Quality Control and the Academy of Management. Statistical analysis revealed distinct profile patterns for Deming managers and traditional (i.e. non-Deming) managers. The inventory can be used as a management hiring or management development tool with further validation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739710182368
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    Ambiguity and communication in cross-cultural acquisitions: towards a conceptual framework (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 18 (1997), S. 257-266 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: States that mergers and acquisitions are known to have failures that often are explained by clashing corporate cultures. Previous research has tried to predict better acquisition outcomes by prescribing different kinds of fits between the combining companies. Takes an alternative perspective to look at mergers and acquisitions. Develops a conceptual framework that uses communication throughout the acquisition process to produce and negotiate some meaning out of ambiguities and cultural differences. Suggests that this alternative perspective can give a new insight into explaining the causes of unfulfilled expectations in international mergers and acquisitions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739710182403
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    ProMES: a method for "accepted control loops" (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 18 (1997), S. 295-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: ProMES, a method for the measurement and feedback of performance data is related to the concepts of goal setting and feedback (Locke, 1991; Locke and Latham, 1990), and to the concept of self-control (Bandura, 1991). The result is a model for self-management: the "accepted control loop". Whether practical applications of the ProMES method will lead to "accepted control loops" is believed to depend on the course of the development process. The ProMES method requires the explicitation of values. At the same time, the development process offers possibilities to test to what extent these values are consistently translated into behaviour. Depending on the results of these tests, one of three reactions to the ProMES method is more likely to occur: "acceptance", "compliance", or "rejection".
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739710176248
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    Critical success factors in developing ProMES: will the end result be an "accepted control loop"? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 18 (1997), S. 346-354 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: States that ProMES (Productivity Measurement and Enhancement System) can be interpreted as a method for the development of control loops for self-management: "accepted control loops". Whether practical applications of the ProMES method will lead to "accepted control loops" is believed to depend on the course of the development process. Describes the stages of this process, together with possible sources of resistance that may arise during each phase. Formulates the hypothesis that behind these sources could be a common factor, viz. that the people involved in the development process adhere to diverging patterns of values. Notes that the ProMES method requires the explication of values. At the same time, the development process offers possibilities to test to what extent actual behaviours reflect these values in a consistent way. Depending on the results of these tests, one of three reactions to the ProMES method is more likely to occur: "acceptance", "compliance", or "rejection".
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739710190657
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    Cross-cultural leadership dynamics in collectivism and high power distance settings (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 18 (1997), S. 187-193 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Individualism-collectivism and power distance are among the dimensions of national culture frequently discussed in the leadership literature and in executive development programmes. Examines cross-cultural leadership implications of the likely interaction of collectivism and high power distance. Includes a call for more awareness of how collectivism and power distance may together influence workplace behaviour. Suggests that this awareness needs to be incorporated in cross-cultural leadership training and research agendas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739710182287
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    Thinking styles as moderators of role stressor-job satisfaction relationships (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 18 (1997), S. 236-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Describes the moderation of role stress, specified by role ambiguity, conflict and overload, and job satisfaction by thinking styles. Individuals capable of successfully employing specific styles were successful in reducing the deletrious effects of role stress on job satisfaction. Principal findings included the moderation of the role ambiguity-job satisfaction relationship by the global style; the role overload-job satisfaction relationship by the hierarchic style and the judicial style acting jointly with task significance; role conflict due to conflicting requests by the hierarchic style with task identity and task significance; and role conflict from incompatible standards of evaluation by a liberal style with job autonomy and a judicial style with task significance. Discusses both theoretical and practical implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739710182377
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    Irish macroeconomic performance under different exchange rate regimes (1997)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 24 (1997), S. 10-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reveals that Ireland has experienced six major changes in exchange rate regimes over the period 1797 to today. Provides a historical perspective on this experience. Indicates that Irish nominal variables have been affected by the exchange rate regime and that membership of exchange rate regimes has both affected and has been used to justify policies followed by the Irish government. States that, structurally, the Irish economy has undergone dramatic change, one of the reasons being government policy, which has altered the exchange rate options open to Ireland. Notes however, that continued labour market and trade linkages with the UK have implications both for the transition and membership of a future European Monetary Union.Johansen (1988) cointegration testing procedure and error correction modelling on annual data for the period 1958-1990. These modern techniques produce empirical results which do not support the public capital hypothesis. Suggests several reasons to explain this outcome, and outlines possible policy implications.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443589710156862
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    Measuring Irish housing quality (1997)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 24 (1997), S. 95-119 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reviews the development of Irish housing policy from the eighteenth century to the present. Emphasizes the importance of measuring quality in housing, where housing may be described by a vector of measured characteristics. Undertakes a detailed price determination of these various characteristics using a hedonic model. Explains observed house prices in terms of the various housing characteristics using a hedonic model, from which a set of implicit or "hedonic" prices emerges. Reviews the theoretical basis of such an approach and develops a model specifically for aggregated data, as other studies in this area used disaggregated models. Obtains quantitative estimates of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the housing bundle before and after a series of model transformations. The results indicate the premium associated with certain housing characteristics. They emphasize, in particular, the importance of floor area and location in determining new Irish estate house prices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443589710156907
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    A comparison of forecasts from UK economic models and some Bayesian vector autoregressive models (1997)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 24 (1997), S. 242-256 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Analyses and checks the annual forecasts produced each autumn from four prominent UK economic modelling organizations. Compares these forecasts with those of three Bayesian vector-autoregressive models. Examines the accuracy for each set of forecasts up to four years ahead and for different horizons. Examines the direction of the forecasts and the effect of forming simple combinations of the different forecasts. Finds evidence that while the BVAR forecasts are inferior to those from the economic models, they contain information which could be used in order to improve the other forecasts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443589710188975
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    The classical theory of production and the capabilities view of the firm (1997)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 24 (1997), S. 307-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Makes the case that the classical theory of production, as developed primarily by Adam Smith, should be seen as a precursor of the modern capabilities view of the firm (Penrose, Richardson, Nelson and Winter, Teece, Langlois and others). Furthermore, based on an empiricist epistemology, Smith developed ideas that are close to modern notions such as routines and bounded rationality. Shows that his emphasis on knowledge, specialization and learning is characteristic of the capabilities view, but not of the contractual view. Discusses the intellectual link from Smith to other classicals, such as Babbage and Marx, to Marshall and such post-Marshallians as McGregor, Andrews, Downie, Penrose, and Richardson. Argues that the classical-capabilities view of the firm can be seen as a theory of firm boundaries. States that the make-or-buy decision may in fact hinge on production-cost considerations, contrary to the spirit of standard transaction-cost economics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443589710175825
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    The convergence performance of Ireland among EU countries: 1960 to 1990 (1997)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 24 (1997), S. 43-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Uses a specially constructed data set to present new evidence on the convergence performance of Ireland among European Union (EU) countries at the aggregate, sectoral and industry levels for the period 1960 to 1990. Overall, aggregate convergence occurred among the EU 12 over the period. Ireland did exhibit catch-up on the EU average. However, Ireland's convergence performance becomes distinctly less favourable if adjustments are made for the increase in net factor outflows during the late 1980s. This is especially the case when gross national product is used instead of gross domestic product (GDP) to measure Irish living standards as this results in a divergent trend emerging. For labour productivity the adjustment of Irish GDP to take account of transfer pricing by multinationals leads to the finding that labour productivity convergence performance in Irish manufacturing is substantially overstated if "official" GDP estimates are used. This translates into more muted convergence performance at the aggregate level if the adjustments are made.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443589710156871
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    Structural change in Ireland: The contribution of sectoral employment distribution to labour productivity convergence between Ireland and the EU: 1970-1990 (1997)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 24 (1997), S. 59-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The secular transformation in Irish sectoral employment shares, which has been stimulated by the change in focus of both Irish industrial and trade policies, mirrors the significant changes that have occurred in international structures of production. Estimates the contribution of changes in Ireland's sectoral employment structure to labour productivity convergence between Ireland and the EU average from 1970-1990. Identifies the variation in Irish sectoral employment distribution over time as a significant source of labour productivity convergence. Ireland's labour productivity convergence was 0.3 per cent per annum higher as a result of shifts in Irish employment distribution than would have occurred without changes in the structure of Irish employment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443589710156880
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    New evidence from an alternative methodological approach to the defence spending-economic growth causality issue in the case of mainland China (1997)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 24 (1997), S. 123-140 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Proposes to re-examine empirically the causal relationship between defence spending and economic growth in mainland China. First, using a VAR modelling technique with suitable diagnostics, e.g. Akaike's FPE statistics and a likelihood ratio test for over- and under-fitting the causal model, the results indicate a positive unidirectional causality flowing from defence spending to economic growth. Second, by evaluating a dynamic vector error-correction model, variance decomposition and impulse response functions, then analyses the direction, duration and strength of Granger-causality between defence spending and economic growth. The results broadly indicate that defence spending and economic growth did share a common trend over the sample period under analysis, but it was the former which stimulated the latter. Moreover, it is defence spending that has a much more perceptible and prolonged effect on economic growth, giving rise to implications that although expenditure on defence may have been politically motivated, over the long-run this spending did play a significant indirect role in enhancing the growth potential of this, for many years, closed-door economy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443589710167347
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    The partisan theory and macroeconomic policy under unscheduled regime transfers: a case study of an LDC (1997)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 24 (1997), S. 222-241 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Investigates the possible occurrences of patterns in macroeconomic policy targeting and instruments use in some less developed countries where unscheduled regime transfers may occur. The patterns are held to correspond to those stipulated by Hibbs in his Partisan Theory for advanced democracies after due allowance is made for the nature of government and modes of regime transfer. Undertakes an investigation of Sudan, a country which has witnessed dramatic political changes that assumed the forms of eight alternating regimes in the shape of civilian democracies and military dictatorships since its independence in 1956. Traces, in particular, the evidence on quasi-political business cycles in output growth and inflation; and on quasi-political budget cycles in deficits and instruments of finance. Studies patterns on the form of use of policy instruments through reliance on monetary policy surprises. Obtains empirical results which generally point to the possible presence of eco-political patterns similar in principle to those operable in the case of developed countries but with some distinct differences in nature and rhythm.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443589710188966
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    Cointegration test of the monetary theory of inflation and forecasting accuracy of the univariate and vector ARMA models of inflation (1997)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 24 (1997), S. 294-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Conducts both the cointegration test of the monetary theory of inflation and the Granger-causality test between the variables in the system, and also develops univariate and multivariate time series models to forecast inflation rates. Quarterly time series data for Pakistan, from 1972-2 to 1993-4 is used for empirical investigation. Results suggest no cointegrating or long-run relationship between the variables in the monetary model. Observes that there is some evidence of Granger-causality running from inflation to output growth. Comparison of out-of-sample quarterly forecasts for the 1988-1 to 1993-4 period are made for univariate and vector ARMA models of inflation. States that the forecasting accuracy of the multivariate ARMA model is not statistically different from that of the univariate ARMA model.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443589710175816
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