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  • Female  (128)
  • Cell Line  (70)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (193)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1995-1999  (193)
  • 1996  (193)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (193)
  • Nature Publishing Group
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  • 1995-1999  (193)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 31;272(5266):1258.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Contraceptive Agents/economics ; *Drug Industry/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Female ; Humans ; Institute of Medicine (U.S.) ; Insurance, Health ; Liability, Legal ; Male ; *Research/economics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1996-09-27
    Description: The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is essential for the transit of molecules between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of a cell and until recently was thought to allow intermediate-sized molecules (relative molecular mass of approximately 10,000) to diffuse freely across the nuclear envelope. However, the depletion of calcium from the nuclear envelope of Xenopus laevis oocytes was shown to regulate the passage of intermediate-sized molecules. Two distinct conformational states of the NPC were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. A central plug occluded the NPC channel after nuclear calcium stores had been depleted and free diffusion of intermediate-sized molecules had been blocked. Thus, the NPC conformation appears to gate molecular movement across the nuclear envelope.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perez-Terzic, C -- Pyle, J -- Jaconi, M -- Stehno-Bittel, L -- Clapham, D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Sep 27;273(5283):1875-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8791595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Chelating Agents/pharmacology ; Diffusion ; Egtazic Acid/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Female ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/pharmacology ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nuclear Envelope/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Oocytes ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1996-07-19
    Description: Signaling molecules are essential for vertebrate embryonic development. Here, two Xenopus homologs of the Drosophila gene fringe, lunatic Fringe (lFng) and radical Fringe (rFng), were identified and the protein product of lFng further characterized. The messenger RNA of lFng is supplied as a maternal message. Its product is a precursor protein consisting of pre-, pro-, and mature regions. The mature lunatic Fringe protein is secreted extracellularly, and it induced mesodermal tissue formation in animal cap assays. These results indicate that secreted lunatic Fringe can induce mesoderm and reveal that the Fringe proteins are a family of vertebrate signaling molecules.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080353/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080353/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, J Y -- Wen, L -- Zhang, W J -- Rao, Y -- R01 CA114197/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA114197-01A2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014576/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014576-03/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070967/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070967-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 19;273(5273):355-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blastocyst/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Culture Techniques ; Drosophila Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Embryonic Development ; *Embryonic Induction ; *Glycosyltransferases ; Mesoderm/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology/secretion ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Xenopus/*embryology/genetics ; *Xenopus Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1996-03-01
    Description: Heterosexual transmission by vaginal intercourse accounts for most transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) in Africa and Asia but is less important in the HIV-1 epidemics of the United States and Western Europe. Epithelial Langerhans' cells (LCs) represent a possible source of initial cell contact for vaginal infection. Fifteen primary isolates of HIV-1 from U.S. homosexuals and 18 HIV-1 isolates from Thailand heterosexuals were evaluated for growth in LCs of U.S. origin. All the viruses from the Thai heterosexuals, which were subtype E, grew more efficiently in the LCs than any of the viruses from the U.S. homosexuals, which are subtype B. These results suggest that LC tropism is associated with the efficiency of heterosexual transmission of HIV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soto-Ramirez, L E -- Renjifo, B -- McLane, M F -- Marlink, R -- O'Hara, C -- Sutthent, R -- Wasi, C -- Vithayasai, P -- Vithayasai, V -- Apichartpiyakul, C -- Auewarakul, P -- Pena Cruz, V -- Chui, D S -- Osathanondh, R -- Mayer, K -- Lee, T H -- Essex, M -- 5 D43 TW0004/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- CA 39805/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL 33774/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 1;271(5253):1291-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard AIDS Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; HIV Core Protein p24/analysis ; HIV Infections/*transmission/virology ; HIV-1/classification/*growth & development/isolation & purification ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Langerhans Cells/*virology ; Macrophages/virology ; Male ; Monocytes/virology ; *Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/*transmission/virology ; T-Lymphocytes/virology ; Thailand ; United States ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1996-11-22
    Description: The RAC guanine nucleotide binding proteins regulate multiple biological activities, including actin polymerization, activation of the Jun kinase (JNK) cascade, and cell proliferation. RAC effector loop mutants were identified that separate the ability of RAC to interact with different downstream effectors. One mutant of activated human RAC protein, RACV12H40 (with valine and histidine substituted at position 12 and 40, respectively), was defective in binding to PAK3, a Ste20-related p21-activated kinase (PAK), but bound to POR1, a RAC-binding protein. This mutant failed to stimulate PAK and JNK activity but still induced membrane ruffling and mediated transformation. A second mutant, RACV12L37 (with leucine substituted at position 37), which bound PAK but not POR1, induced JNK activation but was defective in inducing membrane ruffling and transformation. These results indicate that the effects of RAC on the JNK cascade and on actin polymerization and cell proliferation are mediated by distinct effector pathways that diverge at the level of RAC itself.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joneson, T -- McDonough, M -- Bar-Sagi, D -- Van Aelst, L -- CA55360/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 22;274(5291):1374-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8910277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Actins/*metabolism ; *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; *Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Mice ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Mutagenesis ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Rats ; Transfection ; p21-Activated Kinases ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1996-06-07
    Description: The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and MEF2 transcription factors are expressed in the myotome of developing somites and cooperatively activate skeletal muscle gene expression. The bHLH protein Twist is expressed throughout the epithelial somite and is subsequently excluded from the myotome. Ectopically expressed mouse Twist (Mtwist) was shown to inhibit myogenesis by blocking DNA binding by MyoD, by titrating E proteins, and by inhibiting trans-activation by MEF2. For inhibition of MEF2, Mtwist required heterodimerization with E proteins and an intact basic domain and carboxyl-terminus. Thus, Mtwist inhibits both families of myogenic regulators and may regulate myotome formation temporally or spatially.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spicer, D B -- Rhee, J -- Cheung, W L -- Lassar, A B -- 5-F32-AR08214-02/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 7;272(5267):1476-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8633239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Creatine Kinase/genetics ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs/*physiology ; Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/metabolism ; MyoD Protein/metabolism/physiology ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/metabolism/*physiology ; *Repressor Proteins ; TCF Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein ; Transcription Factors/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Twist Transcription Factor
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1996-02-09
    Description: The RAS guanine nucleotide binding proteins activate multiple signaling events that regulate cell growth and differentiation. In quiescent fibroblasts, ectopic expression of activated H-RAS (H-RASV12, where V12 indicates valine-12) induces membrane ruffling, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation, and stimulation of DNA synthesis. A mutant of activated H-RAS, H-RASV12C40 (where C40 indicates cysteine-40), was identified that was defective for MAP kinase activation and stimulation of DNA synthesis, but retained the ability to induce membrane ruffling. Another mutant of activated H-RAS, H-RASV12S35 (where S35 indicates serine-35), which activates MAP kinase, was defective for stimulation of membrane ruffling and induction of DNA synthesis. Expression of both mutants resulted in a stimulation of DNA synthesis that was comparable to that induced by H-RASV12. These results indicate that membrane ruffling and activation of MAP kinase represent distinct RAS effector pathways and that input from both pathways is required for the mitogenic activity of RAS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joneson, T -- White, M A -- Wigler, M H -- Bar-Sagi, D -- CA 55360/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Feb 9;271(5250):810-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8628998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*ultrastructure ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Microinjections ; Mutation ; Plasmids ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins ; ras Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1996-05-10
    Description: Transcription factors of the NFAT family are thought to play a major role in regulating the expression of cytokine genes and other inducible genes during the immune response. The role of NFAT1 was investigated by targeted disruption of the NFAT1 gene. Unexpectedly, cells from NFAT1 -/- mice showed increased primary responses to Leishmania major and mounted increased secondary responses to ovalbumin in vitro. In an in vivo model of allergic inflammation, the accumulation of eosinophils and levels of serum immunoglobulin E were increased in NFAT1 -/- mice. These results suggest that NFAT1 exerts a negative regulatory influence on the immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xanthoudakis, S -- Viola, J P -- Shaw, K T -- Luo, C -- Wallace, J D -- Bozza, P T -- Luk, D C -- Curran, T -- Rao, A -- CA42471/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM46227/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 10;272(5263):892-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurogenetics Program, Department of CNS Research, Hoffmann-LaRoche, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8629027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; Cell Line ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Gene Targeting ; Hypersensitivity/*immunology ; *Immunity ; Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis ; Immunologic Memory ; Leishmania major/immunology ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1996-03-08
    Description: Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive, degenerative disease that involves the central and peripheral nervous systems and the heart. A gene, X25, was identified in the critical region for the FRDA locus on chromosome 9q13. This gene encodes a 210-amino acid protein, frataxin, that has homologs in distant species such as Caenorhabditis elegans and yeast. A few FRDA patients were found to have point mutations in X25, but the majority were homozygous for an unstable GAA trinucleotide expansion in the first X25 intron.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campuzano, V -- Montermini, L -- Molto, M D -- Pianese, L -- Cossee, M -- Cavalcanti, F -- Monros, E -- Rodius, F -- Duclos, F -- Monticelli, A -- Zara, F -- Canizares, J -- Koutnikova, H -- Bidichandani, S I -- Gellera, C -- Brice, A -- Trouillas, P -- De Michele, G -- Filla, A -- De Frutos, R -- Palau, F -- Patel, P I -- Di Donato, S -- Mandel, J L -- Cocozza, S -- Koenig, M -- Pandolfo, M -- 722/Telethon/Italy -- NS34192/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 8;271(5254):1423-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department de Genetica, University of Valencia, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8596916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/*genetics ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Friedreich Ataxia/*genetics ; Genes, Recessive ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; *Introns ; *Iron-Binding Proteins ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; *Trinucleotide Repeats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 24;272(5265):1094.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: BRCA1 Protein ; BRCA2 Protein ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Confidentiality ; Female ; *Genes ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Privacy ; *Genetic Research ; *Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; *Patents as Topic ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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