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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (12,753)
  • 1995-1999  (12,753)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1950-1954
  • 1996  (12,753)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999  (12,753)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
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    The potential geographical distribution of the Cane Toad, Bufo marinus in Australia (1996)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Conservation Biology, 10 (1). pp. 294-299.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-19
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Sea birds as proxies of marine habitats and food webs in the western Aleutian Arc (1996)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Fisheries Oceanography, 5 (1). pp. 45-55.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Description: We propose that ocean conditions of the Near Islands in the western Atleutian Arc mimic those of the shallow continental shelf of the eastern Bering Sea to the extent that the marine community, including assemblages of forage fishes and their avian predators, has disinctly coastal characteristics. In contrast, marine avifauna and their prey at neighbouring Buldir Island are distinctly oceanic. For example, at the Near Islands, the ratio of thick-billed to common murres, Uria lomvia and U. aalge, is low and black.legged kittiwakes, Rissa tridacytla, but not red-legged kittiwakes, R. brevirostris, nest there. Diets of murres and kittiwkaes are dominated by sand lance, Ammodytes hexapterus, an abundant coastal species. At Buldir Island, thick-billed murres greatly outnumber common murres, red-legged kittiwakes and black-legged kittiwakes are both abundant, and diets of the birds consist primarily of oceanic squid and lantern-fish (Myctophidae). This mesoscale difference in food webs is apparently a consequence of the local physiography. A broad escarpment on the Near physiographic block creates a comparatively expansive, shallow, shelf-like habitat around the Near Islands, where a pelagic community typical of coastal regions flourished. Buldir Island is the only emergent feature of the Buldir physiographic block, with little shallow water surrounding it and, apparently, little opportunity for other than oceanic species to exist. Patterns in the distribution of fishes, and thus of sea birds, throughout the Atleutian Islands might be largely explained by the relationship between physical environments and food webs. In the larger context of fisheries oceanography, this model for the Aleutian Islands improves our ability to interpret physical and biological heterogeneity in the ocean and its relationship to regional community dynamics and trends in the abundance and productivity of individual species at higher tropic levels.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Growth of swimming muscles and its metabolic cost in larvae of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) at different temperatures (1996)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology, 48 . pp. 937-951.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-12
    Description: The temperature relationship of routine metabolic rate (Rr) of non-feeding, non-growing Coregonus lavaretus larvae between 2 and 15°C is characterized by Q10-values ranging from l.8-2.45. The rate of growth, based on weight determinations, of first-feeding larvae amounted to 3.5, 7.6 and 9.4% day-1 at 5, 10 and 12°C respectively, from which Q10-values between 4.0 and 4.8 can be calculated. The rate of increase of muscle mass between 5 and 10°C, based on the determination of the cross-sectional area of inner muscle fibres, resulted in a Q10-value of 4.5. Water temperature influenced the pattern of growth of the inner muscle fibres. At hatching, after 360 day degrees, total muscle mass of larvae reared at 4 and 8°C was independent of temperature, but at 4°C the rate of mass increase owed more to hyperplasia (increase in fibre number) than to hypertrophy (increase in fibre mass), whereas at 8°C the opposite was the case. The calculation of power budgets (including the metabolic cost of growth) of first-feeding larvae yielded net conversion efficiencies (K2) increasing with temperature from 46.3% at 5°C to 54.7% at 12°C. Comparing our data with literature data two general conclusions can be drawn. (1) In first-feeding larvae the net, but not the gross, conversion efficiency of food energy increases with temperature. This is due to net energy input being characterized by a much higher Q10-value than energy expenditures. (2) In embryos of freshwater fish so far investigated hyperplasia plays a greater role in the increase of fibre mass than hypertrophy at the lower temperature, whereas in embryos of marine fish hyperplasia prevails at the higher temperature. It is suggested that this discrepancy correlates with the high concentration of free amino acids in the eggs of marine species which provide an additional, easily available, source of metabolic energy absent in freshwater species.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamental properties of fluoropolyether-based resins and related coatings (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 236 (1996), S. 111-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Neuartige Fluoropolyether-Polyol-Harze, die mit konventionellen Härtern wie Polyisocyanaten oder Melaminen aushärtbar sind, wurden hergestellt. Zunächst wurden oligomere NCO-terminierte Prepolymere durch Addition von Fluorpolyether-Makrodiolen unterschiedlicher Molekulargewichte an Isophorondiisocyanate erhalten. Durch die Reaktion dieser Prepolymeren mit Trimethylolpropan wurden endständige Hydroxygruppen eingeführt. Die Viskosität von Lösungen dieser Harze wurde bei unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen (Massenbruch 0,4-0,8) und Temperaturen (25°C-65°C) gemessen. Die erhaltenen Werte wurden auf der Basis der Erickson-Gleichung (Konzentrationsabhängigkeit von η) und unter Berücksichtigung des WLF-und des Arrhenius-Modells (Temperaturabhängigkeit von η) diskutiert. Das thermische Verhalten der Harze und von ausgehärteten Filmen wurde mit DSC bestimmt. Dabei wurden zwei Glasübergange beobachtet, die den separierten fluorhaltigen und nicht-fluorhaltigen Phasen zugeordnet werden können. Die Analyse des Zugverhaltens der Filme zeigte besonders bei den mit Isocyanat gehärteten Proben ein ausgeprägtes hart-plastisches Verhalten. Diese Werkstoffe erscheinen für die Anwendung als hoch-wertige, dauerfeste und klare Beschichtungen geeignet.
    Notes: New fluoropolyether polyolic resins are presented suitable to be cured with conventional hardeners as polyisocyanates or melamines. These resins are prepared by addition of fluoropolyether macrodiols (Fomblin® ZDOLTX) of various molecular weights to isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to give oligomeric NCO-terminated prepolymers. The final hydroxy functionality is obtained by the reaction of those prepolymers with trimethylolpropane (TMP). The viscosity of the resins is measured at various concentrations (weight fraction 0.8 - 0.4) and temperatures (T = 25-65°C). The results are discussed in terms of the Erickson equation (η vs. concentration) and using the WLF and Arrhenius models (η vs. T). The thermal behavior is studied by DSC for both the resins and cured films indicating the presence of two Tgs, corresponding to the segregated fluorinated and hydrogenated phases, the former particularly evident with the highest molecular weights of the fluorinated macromer. Tensile curves of selfsupported films are then analyzed showing an evident tough-plastic behavior especially for the isocyanate-cured films. The application of such materials as high-durability clear coats is finally proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052360109
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of melamine-formaldehyde moulding compounds with epoxy resins (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 237 (1996), S. 1-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zur Verbesserung der Maßhaltigkeit und der Zähigkeit von gehärteten Melamin-Formaldehyd-Harz-Formmassen (MF) wurden teilverträgliche, methylolgruppenhaltige Epoxidharze (EP) auf Bisphenol A-Basis hergestellt und charakterisiert. Die Vernetzung solcher Epoxyresolharze durch 2-Ethyl-4-methylimidazol in Gegenwart von MF-Harz wurde untersucht. Spritzgepreßte Probekörper zeigen eine Zweiphasenstruktur; die EP-Phase kann als Wirt für carboxy-funktionalisierte, oligomere NBR-Kautschuke (CTBNX) dienen, die für sich allein in MF-Harzen nicht wirksam sind. Unter der Voraussetzung von kovalenten Bindungen in der Phasengrenzfläche kann durch den Zusatz von 0,5 bis 4 Gew.-% CTBNX zur MF-Formmasse bei EP-Anteilen bis 20 Gew.-% eine 50 bis 100proz. Steigerung von Bruchdehnung und Schlagzähigkeit erreicht werden, ohne daß Steifigkeit und Wärmeformbeständigkeit wesentlich abfallen. Bei moderaten EP/CTBNX-Gehalten wird zusätzlich die Nachschwindung von MF-Formteilen vermindert.
    Notes: In order to improve dimension stability and toughness of melamine formaldehyde moulding materials (MF), compatible bisphenol A epoxy resins (EP) with additional methylol groups were synthesized and characterized. Crosslinking of those epoxyresol resins with 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole in the presence of MF resin was investigated. Transfer-moulded specimens revealed a two-phase morphology in which the EP phase is used as a host for modification with carboxylic functionalized oligomeric NBR rubber (CTBNX), which is not effective in MF moulding materials alone. The addition of 0.5 - 4 wt.-% CTBNX to the MF moulding materials at an epoxy content of maximum 20 wt.-% results in 50-100 % increase of elasticity and toughness without serious decrease in stiffness and heat deflection temperature, provided that covalent interfacial bonds exist. In addition, the post-shrinkage of MF parts decreases if a moderate EP/CTBNX content is introduced.
    Additional Material: 26 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052370101
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New poly(vinyl chloride) blends, IIIPart II cf.5.. Physico-mechanical properties (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 238 (1996), S. 11-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der gleichzeitige Einfluß des Verhältnisses von Fließhilfsmittel (Paraloid K 120N), Rußart und Schlagzähmodifikator (CPE 3615 und Kane Ace B56 A) auf die wichtigsten physiko-mechanischen Eigenschaften unplastifizierter PVC-Mischungen wurde studiert.Die erhaltenen Resultate wurden mathematisch verarbeitet und graphisch als Funktionsflächen dargestellt. Bemerkenswert ist, daß die Einführung von 2,5 und 5 Teilen Ruß eine Verbesserung der physico-mechanischen Eigenschaften ermöglicht. Dieses Resultat ist durch die Anwesenheit der Schlagzäh- und Fließmodifikatoren zu erklären.
    Notes: The concurrent influence of the processing aid (Paraloid K 120N) and the carbon black ratio, as well as the nature and the ratio of the impact modifier (CPE 3615 and Kane Ace B56 A) on the main physico-mechanical characteristics of the poly(vinyl chloride)-based unplasticized mixtures have been studied. The results obtained, processed mathematically and plotted graphically in the form of response surfaces, evidenced that the improvement of certain physico-mechanical properties becomes possible by the introduction of 2.5 parts and 5.0 parts carbon black into these compounds. This is due to the introduction of impact modifiers and processing aids into the mixtures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052380102
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New polyhydrazides and poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s containing pendent phenoxy groups (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 238 (1996), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Reihe neuartiger Polyhydrazide mit endständigen Phenoxygruppen wurde aus äquimolaren Anteilen von Dicarbonsäuredichloriden und Phenoxyterephthalsäuredihydrazid durch Lösungspolykondensation in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinon (NMP) bei niedriger Temperatur hergestellt. Durch thermische Cyclisierung der Polyhydrazide wurden die entsprehchenden Poly(1,3,4-oxadiazol)e mit endständigen Phenoxygruppen erhalten. Die Polymeren wurden durch Viskosimetrie, Löslichkeitsuntersuchungen, IR-Spektroskopie, Differentialkalorimetrie und Thermogravimetrie charakterisiert.
    Notes: A series of new polyhydrazides containing pendent phenoxy groups has been synthesized by low-temperature solution polycondensation of equimolar amounts of diacid dichlorides and 2-phenoxyterephthalic dihydrazide in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidi-none (NMP). The thermal cyclization of the polyhydrazides gave the corresponding poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s containing pendent phenoxy groups. The polymers were characterized by viscometry, solubility measurements, IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052380106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of electron beam radiation on mechanical and electrical properties of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 238 (1996), S. 105-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymeres (EVA) mit 12% Vinylacetat-Gehalt wurde mit Trimethylolpropantrimethacrylat (TMPTMA) als Sensibilisator mit Elektronen bestrahlt. Die mechanischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften der bestrahlten Copolymerproben wurden untersucht. Die Resultate zeigen, daß sich Zugfestigkeit und Bruchdehnung zunächst mit zunehmender Strahlungsdosis verbessern und bei Überschreiten einer optimalen Strahlungsdosis und Sensibilisatorkonzentration wieder verschlechtern. Durch die Bestrahlung wird eine Vernetzung des Polymeren ausgelöst, die auf den sich mit der Strahlungsdosis erhöhenden Gelanteil zurückgeführt wird. Im Vergleich mit den Originalproben nehmen sowohl die Dielektrizitätskonstante als auch der dielektrische Verlustfaktor durch die Elektronenbestrahlung ab.
    Notes: Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer (12% vinyl acetate content) is subjected to electron beam irradiation using trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) as a radiation sensitizer. Mechanical and electrical studies of these irradiated samples show that the strength properties (tensile strength, elongation at break) are increased with radiation dosage up to an optimum radiation dose and sensitizer level above which the properties begin to deteriorate. Crosslinking of the polymer takes place on irradiation which is attributed to an increased gel content with increasing radiation dose. Compared to the original samples both dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor decrease for samples subjected to irradiation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052380110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homogeneous synthesis of cellulose p-toluenesulfonates in N,N-dimethylacetamide/LiCl solvent system (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 238 (1996), S. 143-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cellulose-p-toluolsulfonsäureester (Cellulosetosylate) lassen sich durch homogene Umsetzung von Cellulose in einer Lösung aus N,N-Dimethylacetamid und LiCl mit Tosylchlorid (Tos-Cl) und Triethylamin in 24 h bei 8°C in hoher Ausbeute und mit minimalem Einbau von Chlordesoxy-Gruppen herstellen. Die unterschiedlichen Celluloseausgangsmaterialien hatten durchschnittliche Polymerisationsgrade von 280 bis 5100. Die Produkte wurden mit Elementaranalyse, 13C-NMR- und FTIR-Spektroskopie und durch Bestimmung der Grenzviskositäten charakterisiert. Die Erhöhung des Molverhältnisses Tos-Cl/Anhydroglucose-Einheit (AGU) von 0.6 auf 9.0 führte zu einem Anstieg des Substitutionsgrades (DS) von 0.4 bis auf einen Maximalwert von 2.3. Die Cellulosetosylate sind in herkömmlichen organischen Lösungsmitteln wie Dimethylsulfoxid (im gesamten DS Bereich) und in N,N-Dimethylacetamid, N,N-Dimethylformamid, Aceton, Tetrahydrofuran und Trichlormethan (in Abhängigkeit von DS) löslich. Durch 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie wurde nachgewiesen, daß die Tosylierung am O-6 Atom der AGU schneller als an den O-2/3 Atomen erfolgt. Die Analyse der korrespondierenden Ioddesoxycellulosen, die durch Umsetzung mit NaI in Acetylaceton synthetisiert wurden, bestätigte dies zusätzlich. Darüber hinaus wurden wichtige Eigenschaften der Cellulosetosylate wie die Stabilität gegenüber Alkali und thermischer Beanspruchung untersucht.
    Notes: Pure cellulose p-toluenesulfonates (tosylates) with an insignificant formation of chlorodeoxy groups were prepared by reacting cellulose dissolved in a solution of N,N-dimethylacetamide and LiCI with tosylchloride (Tos-CI) in the presence of triethylamine within 24 h at 8°C. Various cellulosic starting materials with a degree of polymerization from 280 to 5 100 were used. The samples obtained were characterized by means of elemental analysis, FTIR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and their intrinsic viscosities. The rise of the molar ratio of Tos-CI/anhydroglucose unit (AGU) from 0.6 to 9.0 leads to an increase in the degree of substitution (DS) from 0.4 up to a maximum value of 2.3. The cellulose tosylates are readily soluble in common organic solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide (within the whole DS range) and in N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, tetrahydrofuran and trichloromethane depending on DS. As revealed by 13C NMR spectroscopy a faster tosylation takes place at the O-6 atom of AGU compared with the O-2/3 atoms. This was additionally confirmed by analysis of the corresponding iododeoxy celluloses synthesized with NaI in acetylacetone. Furthermore, some important properties as stability against alkaline and heat were studied as well.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052380113
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coating of carbon-fiber surface by silicon carbide via sol-gel mixtures of tetraethyl orthosilicate and phenolic resin (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 239 (1996), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Herstellung einer SiC-Oberfläche auf Kohlefasern unter Verwendung einer Sol-Gel-Mischung von Tetraethylorthosilikat (TEOS) und Phenolharz wurde untersucht. FTIR- und SEM-Untersuchungen zeigten, daß die SiC-Oberfläche durch carbothermische Reduktion der Sol-Gel-Mischung bei 1 420°C innerhalb von 15-20 min in einer Argon-Atmosphäre gebildet werden kann. Mittels TGA konnte gezeigt werden, daß die SiC-Beschichtung die thermo-oxidative Stabilität der Kohlefasern erhöht. Bei der erreichten SiC-Schichtdicke von 0,47 μm, bei einem C/Si-Verhältnis von 4, zeigt sich keine Beeinflussung der mechanischen Stabilität der Kohlefasern.
    Notes: The preparation of a SiC coating on a carbon fiber surface using a sol-gel mixture of tetraethyl orthosilicat (TEOS) and phenolic resin was studied. FTIR and SEM investigations indicated that the SiC coating can be formed by carbothermal reduction of the sol-gel mixture at 1420°C for 15-20 min in an argon atmosphere. TGA of the coated fiber was also performed, showing that the SiC coating improves the thermooxidative stability of the carbon fiber. With the thickness of the obtained coating of 0.47 μm using a C/Si ratio of 4, this treatment does not affect the carbon fiber strength.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052390103
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