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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemiluminescence in evaluating thermal oxidative stability of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers. III. Emulsion-grade products (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 3 (1995), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Chemiluminescence ; oxidation ; stability ; acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal oxidative stability of various formulations based on emulsion-grade ABS was studied by the chemiluminescence technique. Emulsion products were found to be essentially less stable than ionic mass polymerization resins. Among the antioxidants studied, Santonox R is clearly more efficient than Irganox 1076 and Irganox 3114, and its superiority is reflected primarily in improved induction period values. The introduction of Tinuvin 770 and Tinuvin 328 UV stabilizers into emulsion resins does not change the durability of the products. In mixtures where both Irganox 1076 and UV stabilizers are present, a certain antagonistic effect was noted at high UV stabilizer concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02068674
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The stability of 12-molybdosilicic, 12-tungstosilicic, 12-molybdophosphoric and 12-tungstophosphoric acids in aqueous solution at various pH (1995)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 34 (1995), S. 237-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: metal-oxygen cluster compounds ; heteropoly acids ; stability ; pH ; aqueous solutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The stabilities of the solid superacids H3Mo12O40, H3PW12O40, H4SiMo12O40 and H4SiW12O40 in aqueous solution have been measured at various values of pH by use of ion chromatographic analyses. The aforementioned acids are completely decomposed at values of pH, 4.0, 5.2, 7.0 and 11.0, respectively. The stabilities in aqueous solution with respect to pH follow the order H4SiW12O40 〉 H3PW12O40 〉 H4SiMo12O40 〉 H3PMo12O40.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00808338
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of non-Markovian polling systems (1995)
    Springer
    Queueing systems 21 (1995), S. 67-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Keywords: Polling systems ; stability ; stationary regime
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A stationary regime for polling systems with general ergodic (G/G) arrival processes at each station is constructed. Mutual independence of the arrival processes is not required. It is shown that the stationary workload so constructed is minimal in the stochastic ordering sense. In the model considered the server switches from station to station in a Markovian fashion, and a specific service policy is applied to each queue. Our hypotheses cover the purely gated, thea-limited, the binomial-gated and other policies. As a by-product we obtain sufficient conditions for the stationary regime of aG/G/1/∞ queue with multiple server vacations (see Doshi [11]) to be ergodic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01158575
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability in multistage stochastic programming (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 56 (1995), S. 79-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Multistage stochastic programs ; optimization in Banach spaces ; stability ; approximation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Multistage stochastic programs are regarded as mathematical programs in a Banach spaceX of summable functions. Relying on a result for parametric programs in Banach spaces, the paper presents conditions under which linearly constrained convex multistage problems behave stably when the (input) data process is subjected to (small) perturbations. In particular, we show the persistence of optimal solutions, the local Lipschitz continuity of the optimal value and the upper semicontinuity of optimal sets with respect to the weak topology inX. The linear case with deterministic first-stage decisions is studied in more detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02031701
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical investigation of non-linear stability of the Lagrangian pointL 4 around the commensurability 1:2 (1995)
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 63 (1995), S. 205-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Keywords: Restricted three body problem ; Lagrangian points ; resonances ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of stability of the Lagrangian pointL 4 in the circular restricted problem of three bodies is investigated close to the 1 : 2 commensurability of the long and short period libration. By stability we define boundedness of the solution for a given initial finite displacement from the equilibrium point as function of the mass parameter μ close to the commensurability. A rigorous treatment close to the resonance condition is possible using a transformation that diagonalizes the matrix related to the linear part of the equations of motion. The so obtained equations are further transformed to action angle type variables. Then using an isolated resonance approach, only the slowly varying terms are kept in the equations and two independent isolating first integrals can be found. These integrals finally enable us to solve the stability problem in an exact way. The so obtained results are compared to numeric integration of the equations of motion and are found to be in perfect agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693415
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical stability of biorthogonal wavelet transforms (1995)
    Springer
    Advances in computational mathematics 4 (1995), S. 1-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9044
    Keywords: Wavelets ; biorthogonal wavelets ; stability ; primary 15A12 ; 65F35 ; secondary 42C15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For orthogonal wavelets, the discrete wavelet and wave packet transforms and their inverses are orthogonal operators with perfect numerical stability. For biorthogonal wavelets, numerical instabilities can occur. We derive bounds for the 2-norm and average 2-norm of these transforms, including efficient numerical estimates if the numberL of decomposition levels is small, as well as growth estimates forL → ∞. These estimates allow easy determination of numerical stability directly from the wavelet coefficients. Examples show that many biorthogonal wavelets are in fact numerically well behaved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02123471
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On stable surfaces of constant gauss curvature in space forms (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of global analysis and geometry 13 (1995), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9060
    Keywords: Gauss curvature ; stability ; 53
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We prove that a domain on a surface of constant curvature is stable provided the integral of the mean curvature is small enough.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01120329
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The maximal accuracy of stable difference schemes for the wave equation (1995)
    Springer
    BIT 35 (1995), S. 83-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: finite difference methods ; wave equation ; accuracy ; stability ; Padé approximants ; order stars ; Riemann surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider three time-level difference schemes, symmetric in time and space, for the solution of the wave equation,u tt =c 2 u xx , given by $$\sum\limits_{j = - S}^S {b_j U_{n + 1,m + j} + } \sum\limits_{j = - S}^S {a_j U_{n,m + j} + } \sum\limits_{j = - S}^S {b_j U_{n - 1,m + j} } = 0.$$ It has already been proved that the maximal order of accuracyp of such schemes is given byp ≤ 2(s + S). In this paper we show that the requirement of stability does not reduce this maximal order for any choice of the pair (s, S). The result is proved by introducing an order star on the Riemann surface of the algebraic function associated with the scheme. Furthermore, Padé schemes, withS = 0,s 〉 0, ands = 0,S 〉 0, are proved to be stable for 0 〈 μ 〈 1, where μ is the Courant number. These schemes can be implemented with high-order absorbing boundary conditions without reducing the range of μ for which stable solutions are obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732980
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of the periodic solutions of the restricted three-body problem representing analytic continuations of Keplerian rectilinear periodic motions (1995)
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 61 (1995), S. 181-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Keywords: Periodic solutions ; stability ; restricted three-body problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The periodic solutions of the restricted three-body problem representing analytic continuations of Keplerian rectilinear periodic motions are well known (Kurcheeva, 1973). Here the stability of these solutions are examined by applying Poncaré's characteristic equation for periodic solutions. It is found that the isoperiodic solutions are stable and all other solutions are unstable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048514
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Position and velocity sensitivities at the triangular libration points (1995)
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 61 (1995), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Keywords: Three body problem ; stability ; surface of section ; commensurability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The model of the circular restricted problem of three bodies is used to investigate the sensitivity of the third body motion when it is given a positional or velocity deviation away from the L4 triangular libration point. The x-axis is used as a criteria for defining the stability of the third body motion. Poincaré's surfaces of section are used to compare the regions of periodic, quasi-periodic and stochastic motion to the trajectories found using the definition of stability (not crossing the x-axis) defined in this study. Values of the primary/secondary mass ratios (μ) ranging from 0 to the linear critical value 0.038521... are investigated. Using this new form of stability measure, it is determined that certain values of μ are more stable than others. The results of this study are compared, and found, to give agreeable results to other studies which investigate commensurabilities of the long and short period terms of periodic orbits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051686
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of axial orbits in analytical galactic potentials (1995)
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 61 (1995), S. 261-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Keywords: galactic dynamics ; periodic orbits ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study the stability of axial orbits in analytical galactic potentials as a function of the energy of the orbit and the ellipticity of the potential. The problem is solved by an analytical method, the validity of which is not limited to small amplitudes. The lines of neutral stability divide the parameter space in regions corresponding to different organizations of the main families of orbits in the symmetry planes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051897
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibration of rods with a concentrated mass in the presence of non-conservative forces (1995)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 507-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: rod vibrations ; stability ; tip mass ; non-conservative forces ; non-selfadjoint problems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Separable and non-selfadjoint boundary-value problems representing the vibration of linearly elastic unidimensional systems are considered. The elastic system is modelled as a continuous distributed-parameter system where singularities in the mass distribution function can be neatly taken into account. Specifically, extending Green's function approach, the free vibration, stability and forced vibration of fixed-free rods with a tip mass and under the action of uniformly distributed non-conservative loads have been investigated analytically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789092
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of bars made of linear elastic materials with voids (1995)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 99-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words Bars ; voids ; viscoelasticity ; stability ; critical load
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary  Dynamic stability of an elastic bar with voids is considered. Using the Lyapunov approach some new sufficient stability conditions are obtained and explicit expressions for the critical load are derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00787903
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of shear deformation on the buckling of elastically supported beams (1995)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Shear deformation ; elastically supported beams ; axial compression ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The influence of shear deformation on the buckling behavior of a beam supported laterally by a Winkler elastic foundation is studied. A full investigation of the bifurcation points at which, under axial load, the beam becomes critical with respect to one or two simultaneous buckling modes is made. The configurations and stabilities of the equilibrium paths that bifurcate from the critical points are derived. From the results of theoretical analysis, it becomes evident that shear deformation has a considerable effect upon the equilibriums and stabilities of the post-buckling of the beam. The results for the Bernoulli-Euler beam can be obtained as a limiting case for those of the present beam by letting the shear stiffness tend to infinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00799294
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modale Behandlung linearer periodisch zeitvarianter Bewegungsgleichungen (1995)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 178-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Periodic motion ; modal treatment ; itrations ; time variance ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Übersicht Lineare, periodisch zeitvariante Bewegungsgleichungen treten im Hubschrauber- und Windturbinenbau auf. Der Getriebebau und die Rotordynamik liefern weitere Beispiele. In diesem Bericht wird ein systematischer Weg zu ihrer Lösung dargestellt. Mit dem Ansatz von Hill wird die homogene Lösung über die Lösung eines Eigenwertproblems gewonnen. Nach Anpassung an die Anfangsbedingungen liefert sie die Fundamentalmatrix des Systems. Ähnlich wie bei zeitinvarianten Systemen, existieren auch bei zeitvarianten Systemen Orthogonalitätsbedingungen, die die Eigenvektoren erfüllen. Die Eigenvektoren selbst sind allerdings zeitabhängig. Benutzt man die Eigenvektoren als Ansatzvektor zur Berechnung der erzwungenen Schwingungen (Transformation mit der zeitvarianten Modalmatrix des Systems), so gelingt es, die Bewegungsgleichungen des Systems in entkoppelte, zeitinvariante zu überführen. Sie lassen sich in bekannter Weise lösen. Dieses Vorgehen wird auf eine moderne Windkraftanlage angewandt. Sie wurde zunächst mit 372 Freiheitsgraden modelliert, die aber auf 18 vor der numerischen Weiterbehandlung kondensiert wurden. Das Stabilitätsverhalten und die Antwortspektren auf stochastische Anregung durch den Wind wurden auf dem oben beschriebenen Weg ermittelt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00799297
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modale Behandlung linearer periodisch zeitvarianter Bewegungsgleichungen (1995)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 178-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words Periodic motion ; modal treatment ; itrations ; time variance ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Übersicht  Lineare, periodisch zeitvariante Bewegungsgleichungen treten im Hubschrauber- und Windturbinenbau auf. Der Getriebebau und die Rotordynamik liefern weitere Beispiele. In diesem Bericht wird ein systematischer Weg zu ihrer Lösung dargestellt. Mit dem Ansatz von Hill wird die homogene Lösung über die Lösung eines Eigenwertproblems gewonnen. Nach Anpassung an die Anfangsbedingungen liefert sie die Fundamentalmatrix des Systems. Ähnlich wie bei zeitinvarianten Systemen, existieren auch bei zeitvarianten Systemen Orthogonalitätsbedingungen, die die Eigenvektoren erfüllen. Die Eigenvektoren selbst sind allerdings zeitabhängig. Benutzt man die Eigenvektoren als Ansatzvektor zur Berechnung der erzwungenen Schwingungen (Transformation mit der zeitvarianten Modalmatrix des Systems), so gelingt es, die Bewegungsgleichungen des Systems in entkoppelte, zeitinvariante zu überführen. Sie lassen sich in bekannter Weise lösen. Dieses Vorgehen wird auf eine moderne Windkraftanlage angewandt. Sie wurde zunächst mit 372 Freiheitsgraden modelliert, die aber auf 18 vor der numerischen Weiterbehandlung kondensiert wurden. Das Stabilitätsverhalten und die Antwortspektren auf stochastische Anregung durch den Wind wurden auf dem oben beschriebenen Weg ermittelt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00799297
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of shear deformation on the buckling of elastically supported beams (1995)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words Shear deformation ; elastically supported beams ; axial compression ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary  The influence of shear deformation on the buckling behavior of a beam supported laterally by a Winkler elastic foundation is studied. A full investigation of the bifurcation points at which, under axial load, the beam becomes critical with respect to one or two simultaneous buckling modes is made. The configurations and stabilities of the equilibrium paths that bifurcate from the critical points are derived. From the results of theoretical analysis, it becomes evident that shear deformation has a considerable effect upon the equilibriums and stabilities of the post-buckling of the beam. The results for the Bernoulli-Euler beam can be obtained as a limiting case for those of the present beam by letting the shear stiffness tend to infinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00799294
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibration of rods with a concentrated mass in the presence of non-conservative forces (1995)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 507-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words rod vibrations ; stability ; tip mass ; non-conservative forces ; non-selfadjoint problems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary  Separable and non-selfadjoint boundary-value problems representing the vibration of linearly elastic unidimensional systems are considered. The elastic system is modelled as a continuous distributed-parameter system where singularities in the mass distribution function can be neatly taken into account. Specifically, extending Green’s function approach, the free vibration, stability and forced vibration of fixed-free rods with a tip mass and under the action of uniformly distributed non-conservative loads have been investigated analytically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789092
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of bars made of linear elastic materials with voids (1995)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 99-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Bars ; voids ; viscoelasticity ; stability ; critical load
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Dynamic stability of an elastic bar with voids is considered. Using the Lyapunov approach some new sufficient stability conditions are obtained and explicit expressions for the critical load are derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00787903
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Surf-riding and oscillations of a ship in quartering waves (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of marine science and technology 1 (1995), S. 24-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-8213
    Keywords: surf-riding ; nonlinear ; wave ; ship motion ; stability ; chaos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The behavior of a ship encountering large regular waves from astern at low frequency is the object of investigation, with a parallel study of surf-riding and periodic motion paterns. First, the theoretical analysis of surf-riding is extended from purely following to quartering seas. Steady-state continuation is used to identify all possible surf-riding states for one wavelength. Examination of stability indicates the existence of stable and unstable states and predicts a new type of oscillatory surf-riding. Global analysis is also applied to determine the areas of state space which lead to surf-riding for a given ship and wave conditions. In the case of overtaking waves, the large rudder-yaw-surge oscillations of the vessel are examined, showing the mechanism and conditions responsible for loss of controllability at certain vessel headings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240010
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  • 21
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    A survey on stability of chemical species in solution during storage: the BCR experience (1995)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 118 (1995), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: stability ; chemical species ; solutions ; calibration ; interlaboratory studies ; measurement and testing programme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The stability of chemical species in solution during storage is one of the critical aspect that has to be carefully studied e.g. for calibration purposes or prior to the organization of interlaboratory studies using synthetic solutions. The Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR) is currently undertaking projects to improve the quality of speciation analysis for a variety of species (e.g. As, Hg, Sn, Pb, Cr). In all the cases the stability of these species was carefully studied in the solutions provided to the participants. This paper gives an overview of some of the results obtained in different BCR-projects on speciation analysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242236
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    Twenty years of cable-in-conduit conductors: 1975–1995 (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 14 (1995), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: Cable-in-conduit conductors ; stability ; quench pressure ; thermal hydraulic quenchback ; superfluid helium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews our progress during the last two decades in understanding cable-in-conduit conductors. The emphasis is on the physical principles governing the behavior of cable-in-conduit conductors, and no detailed mathematics is presented. The paper is constructed as a historical narrative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02214029
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  • 23
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    Stability estimations and quench simulations for the ITER conductors (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 14 (1995), S. 59-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: ITER ; stability ; quench ; superconductor ; CICC ; FCC ; calculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Quench simulations and stability estimations for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) are discussed. Especially numerical issues and associated benchmark actions are summarized. Satisfactory agreement between the various codes from the 4 ITER parties is now obtained after numerical convergence problems have been resolved. However, these require confirmation by experiments on relevant conductor geometries. In multistage cables, a non-uniform current distribution within the cable affects the stability of the conductor. A possible mechanism for the non-uniform distribution is flux loops between the strands or cable substages as the current is ramped up or down. A preliminary estimation of stability with non-uniform current distribution is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02214034
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  • 24
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    Technical note: Bias and the quantification of stability (1995)
    Springer
    Machine learning 20 (1995), S. 23-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: stability ; bias ; accuracy ; repeatability ; agreement ; similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Research on bias in machine learning algorithms has generally been concerned with the impact of bias on predictive accuracy. We believe that there are other factors that should also play a role in the evaluation of bias. One such factor is the stability of the algorithm; in other words, the repeatability of the results. If we obtain two sets of data from the same phenomenon, with the same underlying probability distribution, then we would like our learning algorithm to induce approximately the same concepts from both sets of data. This paper introduces a method for quantifying stability, based on a measure of the agreement between concepts. We also discuss the relationships among stability, predictive accuracy, and bias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993473
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  • 25
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    Technical Note: Bias and the Quantification of Stability (1995)
    Springer
    Machine learning 20 (1995), S. 23-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: stability ; bias ; accuracy ; repeatability ; agreement ; similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Research on bias in machine learning algorithms has generally been concerned with the impact of bias on predictive accuracy. We believe that there are other factors that should also play a role in the evaluation of bias. One such factor is the stability of the algorithm; in other words, the repeatability of the results. If we obtain two sets of data from the same phenomenon, with the same underlying probability distribution, then we would like our learning algorithm to induce approximately the same concepts from both sets of data. This paper introduces a method for quantifying stability, based on a measure of the agreement between concepts. We also discuss the relationships among stability, predictive accuracy, and bias.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022682001417
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    Relative equilibria of Hamiltonian systems with symmetry: Linearization, smoothness, and drift (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of nonlinear science 5 (1995), S. 373-418 
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    ISSN: 1432-1467
    Keywords: Hamiltonian system with symmetry ; relative equilibria ; perturbation ; linearization ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A relative equilibrium of a Hamiltonian system with symmetry is a point of phase space giving an evolution which is a one-parameter orbit of the action of the symmetry group of the system. The evolutions of sufficiently small perturbations of a formally stable relative equilibrium are arbitrarily confined to that relative equilibrium's orbit under the isotropy subgroup of its momentum. However, interesting evolution along that orbit, here called drift, does occur. In this article, linearizations of relative equilibria are used to construct a first order perturbation theory explaining drift, and also to determine when the set of relative equilibria near a given relative equilibrium is a smooth symplectic submanifold of phase space.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212907
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    The relationship between physical property and function of highly activated mutants of thermolysin (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular engineering 5 (1995), S. 245-253 
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    ISSN: 1572-8951
    Keywords: Protein engineering ; thermolysin ; activity ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Thermolysin mutants having a variety of amino acid at the 119th position are designed by considering electrostatic field effect upon the active area. The most activated mutant has five times higher hydrolytic activity than the wild type. Negative correlation between the activity and the thermal stability is observed. A combined effect of the flexibility of the substrate binding site and the negative electrostatic field around the site is suggested as a key to enhance the activity.
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    Nondestructive evaluation of corrosion damage using electrostatic measurements (1995)
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    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 14 (1995), S. 127-136 
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    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Nondestructive evaluation ; corrosion monitoring ; electrical impedance tomography ; stability ; numerical methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the problem of detecting and assessing, by means of static electrical measurements, damage due to corrosion in a structure. Corrosion damage, which is assumed to occur in an inaccessible part of a specimen, is modelled as material loss. The detection device consists of electrodes which inject DC current and measure voltage potentials in the accessible part of the specimen. The topography of the damaged surface is estimated from the measured data. This research is meant to evaluate if a method based on static electrical measurements has the potential to be developed into a useful nondestructive evaluation tool. We propose computational methods that take the measured data and estimate the unknown damaged surface. The methods are studied in order to understand their properties. Several example calculations from synthetic data are presented. Our findings indicate that such a device has limited resolution. However, it offers several advantages that make it worthwhile to pursue further research.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183118
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    Stability analysis of a general toeplitz systems solver (1995)
    Springer
    Numerical algorithms 10 (1995), S. 225-244 
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    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: Cholesky factorization error analysis ; Hankel matrix ; least squares ; normal equations ; orthogonal factorization ; QR factorization ; semi-normal equations ; stability ; Toeplitz matrix ; weak stability ; Primary 65F25 ; Secondary 47B35 ; 65F05 ; 65F30 ; 65Y05 ; 65Y10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We show that a fast algorithm for theQR factorization of a Toeplitz or Hankel matrixA is weakly stable in the sense thatR T R is close toA T A. Thus, when the algorithm is used to solve the semi-normal equationsR TRx=AT b, we obtain a weakly stable method for the solution of a nonsingular Toeplitz or Hankel linear systemAx=b. The algorithm also applies to the solution of the full-rank Toeplitz or Hankel least squares problem min ||Ax-b||2.
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    Multistep methods for differential algebraic equations (1995)
    Springer
    Numerical algorithms 10 (1995), S. 245-260 
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    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: Multistep methods ; differential-algebraic equations ; stability ; existence and uniqueness ; convergence of iterative method ; 65L06 ; 65L20 ; 65N22
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Multistep methods for the differential/algebraic equations (DAEs) in the form of $$F_1 (x) = 0, F_2 (x,x',z) = 0$$ are presented, whereF 1 maps from ℝ n to ℝ ′ ,F 2 from ℝ n x ℝ n x ℝ m to ℝ s andr〈n≤r+s=n+m. By employing the deviations of the available existence theories, a new form of the multistep method for solutions of (1) is developed. Furthermore, it is shown that this method has no typical instabilities such as those that may occur in the application of multistep method to DAEs in the traditional manner. A proof of the solvability of the multistep system is provided, and an iterative method is developed for solving these nonlinear algebraic equations. Moreover, a proof of the convergence of this iterative method is presented.
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    A study of the construction of lyapunov function for a class of fourth order nonlinear systems (1995)
    Springer
    Applied mathematics and mechanics 16 (1995), S. 195-202 
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    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: nonlinear ; stability ; Lyapunov function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the paper Lyapumov function for a fourth order linear system is given and stability of the trivial solutions to a class of fourth order nonlinear systems is studied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02451459
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    Stability for the equilibrium state of Chaplygin's systéms (1995)
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 16 (1995), S. 635-642 
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    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: analytic mechanics ; nonholonomic system ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The stability for the equilibrium states of Chaplygin's systems is considered. The equations of motion of Chaplygin's systems and the existence conditions of their equilibrium states are given. Some criteria of stability for the equilibrium. states of Chaplygin's systems are obtained. Two examples are finally given.
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    Lagrange stability and boundedness of discrete event systems (1995)
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    Discrete event dynamic systems 5 (1995), S. 383-403 
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    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: Discrete event systems ; stability ; boundedness ; Petri nets ; manufacturing systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Recently it has been shown that the conventional notions of stability in the sense of Lyapunov and asymptotic stability can be used to characterize the stability properties of a class of “logical” discrete event systems (DES). Moreover, it has been shown that stability analysis via the choice of appropriate Lyapunov functions can be used for DES and can be applied to several DES applications including manufacturing systems and computer networks (Passino et al. 1994, Burgess and Passino 1994). In this paper we extend the conventional notions and analysis of uniform boundedness, uniform ultimate boundedness, practical stability, finite time stability, and Lagrange stability so that they apply to the class of logical DES that can be defined on a metric space. Within this stability-theoretic framework we show that the standard Petri net-theoretic notions of boundedness are special cases of Lagrange stability and uniform boundedness. In addition we show that the Petri ent-theoretic approach to boundedness analysis is actually a Lyapunov approach in that the net-theoretic analysis actually produces an appropriate Lyapunov function. Moreover, via the Lyapunov approach we provide a sufficient condition for the uniform ultimate boundedness of General Petri nets. To illustrate the Petri net results, we study the boundedness properties of a rate synchronization network for manufacturing systems. In addition, we provide a detailed analysis of the Lagrange stability of a single-machine manufacturing system that uses a priority-based part servicing policy.
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    Stability of traffic patterns in broadband networks (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of network and systems management 3 (1995), S. 371-380 
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    ISSN: 1573-7705
    Keywords: Telephone traffic ; network management ; control theory ; dynamic flows ; stability ; routing algorithms ; broadband networks ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The control of telephony traffic is the task of network management and routing algorithms. In this paper, a study of two trunk groups carrying telephony traffic is used to show that instabilities can arise if there is a delay in getting feedback information for a network controller. The network controller seeks to balance the traffic in the two trunk groups, which may represent two paths from a source to a destination. An analysis shows how factors such as holding time, controller gain and feedback delay influence stability. Simulation of a two service case is also carried out to show that the same instabilities can arise.
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    A mixed dynamics approach for linear corridor policies: A revisitation of dynamic setup scheduling and flow control in manufacturing systems (1995)
    Springer
    Discrete event dynamic systems 5 (1995), S. 59-82 
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    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: Decentralized scheduling ; manufacturing systems ; corridor policies ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Sharifnia, Caramanis, and Gershwin [1991] introduced a class of policies for manufacturing systems, called by themlinear corridor policies. They proved that their stability can be discussed by the study of a simpler subset of such policies (cone policies). This paper revisits their work presenting a different description of the dynamics of the systems under study and explores it to device a necessary and sufficient condition for stability, obtained by the strengthening of the assumptions in Sharifnia et al. (1991). This condition is shown to be simply tested (M −1≥0) and valid for various realizations.
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    A New Strategy for Enhancing the Stability of Lyophilized Protein: The Effect of the Reconstitution Medium on Keratinocyte Growth Factor (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 1447-1452 
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    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: proteins ; aggregation ; reconstitution ; lyophilization ; additives ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. Protein stabilization during lyophilization has previously focused on optimization of the formulation as well as the freezing and dehydration process parameters. However, the effect of the reconstitution medium has been largely neglected. We have investigated its effect on aggregate formation using recombinant keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). Methods. The protein was lyophilized under suboptimal conditions to induce aggregation and precipitation upon reconstitution with water. A series of additives were examined by UV spectrophotometry and size exclusion chromatography (SEC-HPLC) for their effects on decreasing the degree of KGF aggregation and precipitation by the increase in recovery of soluble monomer. Results. Several additives resulted in a significant reduction of aggregation, including sulfated polysaccharides, surfactants, polyphosphates, and amino acids. A similar effect was achieved by adjusting the ionic strength of the reconstitution medium. SEC-HPLC indicated that the amount of soluble monomer was also increased by these additives suggesting that the recovery of the soluble protein correlates with the native, monomeric protein. Conclusions. These results suggest that optimization of reconstitution conditions will be a useful methodology for increasing the recovery of soluble, active proteins and that for KGF, the recovery of the soluble protein correlates with the native, monomeric form.
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    Isothermal and Nonisothermal Decomposition of Famotidine in Aqueous Solution (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 599-604 
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    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: famotidine ; degradation ; isothermal ; nonisothermal ; kinetics ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of hydrolysis of famotidine in aqueous solution was studied by isothermal and nonisothermal method over the pH range of 1.71 to 10.0. Nonisothermal kinetics was studied with the purpose of determining its use in the establishment of the expiration date of pharmaceutical preparations, particularly drugs in solutions and for assessment of stability characteristics of pharmaceutical formulations during the development stage. A comparison of isothermal (55, 70 and 85°C) and nonisothermal kinetics was performed. Aqueous solutions of famotidine were buffered at pH 1.71, 2.24, 2.66, 4.0, 8.5, 9.0 and 10.0 were used. In the nonisothermal studies, the temperature rate of the reaction was continuously varied throughout the experiment. The energies of activation were found to be in close agreement for isothermal and nonisothermal studies, indicating that nonisothermal studies may save considerable amount of time in the early stages of drug development and stability testing. Logk-pH profiles were constructed for 55, 70 and 85°C from the first-order rate constants obtained from isothermal studies at pH values ranging from 1.71 to 10.00. The pH-rate profile indicated that famotidine undergoes specific acid catalysis in the acidic region and general base catalysis in the alkaline region. Hydrolysis in the acidic and alkaline media resulted in the formation of four and five degradation products, respectively. A possible degradation pathway for the acidic and alkaline hydrolysis was discussed.
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    Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Increases the Aqueous Solubility and Stability of Pilocarpine Prodrugs (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 1371-1375 
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    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: prodrug ; bispilocarpic acid diester ; hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin ; inclusion complex ; solubility ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The effects of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) on the aqueous solubility and stability of two lipophilic bispilocarpine prodrugs were investigated at pH 7.4. Methods. The solubility of prodrugs was studied by phase-solubility method (0–72.5 mM HP-β-CD). The stability of one of the prodrugs was investigated as a function of temperature (40°C–70°C) and HP-β-CD concentration (0–72.5 mM). The apparent rate constants (k 1, k 2) for degradation of prodrug in 1:1 and 1:2 inclusion complexes and apparent stability constants (K 1:1, K l:2) were calculated by the curve-fitting method. Results. The phase-solubility diagrams were classified as Ap-type and the apparent stability constants (K l:l, K l:2) for 1:1- and 1:2-inclusion complexes were calculated to be 143–815 M−l and 29–825 M−1, respectively. The stability of prodrug increased as a function of HP-β-CD concentration over the studied temperature range. The shelf-life (t 90%, calculated by the Arrhenius equation) of the prodrug in 72.5 mM HP-β-CD solution increased 5.1-fold and 6.1-fold at 25°C and 4°C, respectively. Conclusions. The solubility of the prodrugs was shown to increase markedly in phase-solubility studies. The degradation rate of prodrug in stability studies was shown to be slower in the l:2-complex than in the l:l-complex and the relative amounts of complex species were found to be dependent on CD concentration.
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    The Distribution of Oleic Acid Between Salbutamol Base Drug and Different Propellant Blends (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 715-719 
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    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: salbutamol base drug ; oleic acid ; propellant ; metered-dose inhaler ; stability ; adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of oleic acid between Salbutamol base drug and the solvent in metered-dose inhalers (MDI's) has been investigated. The equilibrium surfactant concentration in the drug dispersions has been determined using a colorimetric method. The samples examined contained Salbutamol base drug particles and oleic acid dispersed in different propellant blends of freon 11 and 12. The maximum equilibrium concentration observed depended on the propellant blend used. The propellant blend and the distribution of the surfactant affected the dispersion stability. The effect of the surfactant is illustrated by the adsorption isotherm for oleic acid onto the Salbutamol particles. The results are correlated with zeta-potentials and particle size measurements made on similar systems in order to characterize the properties of surfactant stabilized MDI's.
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    Impact of flooding on the densities of selected aquatic insects (1995)
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    Hydrobiologia 299 (1995), S. 241-247 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic insects ; density ; floods ; disturbance ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Data from a four-year study of five aquatic insect species,Hydropsyche betteni, H. morosa, H. bronta, Isonychia bicolor, andEphoron leucon, were utilized to evaluate the impact of a 60-year flood and a few lesser floods. The survey began in August, 1984 and was terminated in October, 1987 with the 60-year flood occurring in November, 1985. Four sampling sites were established on the South River and six quantitative samples were taken each month from each site. Gauging stations on the South River provided accurate discharge data for the sampling sites and useful historical data. Densities for the five species were utilized in the evaluation of the floods. The importance of timing is pointed out, that is, floods that occur very close together or near the end of the life cycle of an insect make it difficult to evaluate floods as disturbances. The importance of life history traits, such as behavior and egg diapause, are discussed in respect to floods. Densities were reduced to less than 50% of their average values immediately after the 60-year flood for the threeHydropsyche spp. and at three sites forI. bicolor. Ephoron leucon showed no response to the 60-year flood. Densities of the four impacted species returned to previous levels in the following generation. The 60-year flood was considered a disturbance in the near term but not for more than one generation.
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    Some Factors Associated with the Ultrasonic Nebulization of Proteins (1995)
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    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 53-59 
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    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: aerosol ; lactate dehydrogenase ; nebulizers ; proteins ; ultrasonic nebulization ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ultrasonic nebulization of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was investigated using a DeVilbiss “Aerosonic” nebulizer. The enzyme (8ml, 0.025mg/ml Na2HPO4, pH 7.0) was completely inactivated after 20 minutes of operation. However, the inactivation profile observed during ultrasonic nebulization was different from that previously observed using air-jet nebulization. At least two mechanisms are involved, one associated with heating and the other with aerosol production. By preventing heating of the nebulizer fluid during operation, the denaturation profile was dramatically altered. By additionally including 0.01% w/v Tween 80 or l%w/v PEG 8000, almost all activity was retained. Similar results were obtained by preventing aerosol production and heating. However, 100% of activity was lost when heating was allowed to occur without aerosol formation. The results demonstrate that cooling in conjunction with a surfactant is one approach that could be used to stabilize proteins to ultrasonic nebulization. However, cooling also significantly reduced solute output from the nebulizer. When operated at 10°C output was negligible. At 50°C the output was 5× greater than that found at room temperature. The median droplet size (µm) was not significantly influenced by the operating temperature of the nebulizer fluid (3.6 ± 0.4, 21°C; 3.9 ± 0.2, 50°C, p = NS (n = 6)) although the size distribution was noted to increase at the higher temperature.
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    The Importance of Structural Factors on the Rate and the Extent of N,O-acyl Migration in Cyclic and Linear Peptides (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 323-328 
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    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: acyl migration ; peptides ; cyclosporin ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The chemistry associated with the process of N,O-acyl migration was explored in both cyclic and linear peptides under aqueous acid conditions. The importance of backbone cyclization and N-methylation of the peptide bond on the kinetics of N,O-acyl migration in a series of linear and cyclic peptides related in structure to cyclosporin A (CsA) were examined. The similarity in the chemical reactivity of the cyclic peptide [MeLeu (3-OH)]1-CsA and the corresponding linear peptide [Val-MeLeu (3-OH)-Abu], suggested that for this series, cyclization of the peptide backbone may not play an important role in controlling the kinetics of N,O-acyl migration. In contrast, the disparity in the chemical reactivity of tripeptides [Val-MeLeu (3-OH)-Abu] and [Val-Leu (3-OH)-Abu], indicated that N-methylation of amide bond significantly impacted the kinetics. Various hypothesis are proposed to account for this observation.
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    Stabilization of Chimeric BR96-Doxorubicin Immunoconjugate (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 215-222 
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    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: chimeric antibody ; protein ; immunoconjugate ; lyophilization ; freeze-drying ; stability ; aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chimeric BR96-doxorubicin conjugate (BR96-DOX) is an immunoconjugate designed to specifically target and kill certain tumor cells. The linker between the chimeric BR96 antibody and DOX is an acid-labile hydrazone group which was designed to undergo lysosomal hydrolysis to release DOX in vivo. Stability studies indicated that acid-catalyzed hydrazone hydrolysis was the major degradation route in vitro. Even under optimal conditions of pH and temperature, the stability of BR96-DOX in solution was not acceptable for long-term storage. Lyophilization of BR96-DOX in the presence of added sugars, such as lactose or sucrose, and subsequent storage of the lyophile under refrigeration significantly improved the stability. Therefore lyophilization appears to be a viable approach for achieving long-term stabilization of BR96-DOX.
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    Chemical Pathways of Degradation of the Bradykinin Analog, RMP-7 (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 305-308 
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    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: RMP-7 ; bradykinin ; stability ; diketopiperazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    A mutation in the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase that reduces the rate of its incorporation into holoenzyme (1995)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 43 (1995), S. 143-147 
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    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: assembly ; Rubisco ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A mutant of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), in which Arg53 is replaced by Glu, was synthesized and imported into isolated chloroplasts. The mutant protein was efficiently imported into the chloroplast and correctly processed to the mature size. Like the wild type protein, it was stable over a period of at least 2 h. Unlike the wilk-type protein however, most of the mutant protein was not assembled with holo-Rubisco at the end of a 10-min import reaction. It migrated instead as a diffused band on a non-denaturing gel, slower than the precursor protein, but faster than the holoenzyme. The level of the unassembled mutant protein in the stroma decreased with time, while its level in the assembled fraction has increased, indicating that this protein is a slowly-assembled, rather than a non-assembled, mutant of the small suubunit of Rubisco. Accumulation of the mutant protein in the holoenzyme fraction was dependent on ATP and light. The transient species, migrating faster than the holoenzyme but slower than the precursor protein, may represent an intermediate in the assembly process of the small subunit of Rubisco
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    An algorithm for stability determination of two-dimensional delta-operator formulated discrete-time systems (1995)
    Springer
    Multidimensional systems and signal processing 6 (1995), S. 287-312 
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    ISSN: 1573-0824
    Keywords: Two-dimensional discrete-time systems ; two-dimensional digital filters ; δ-operator formulated discrete-time systems ; bivariate polynomials ; Schur-Cohn minors ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The recent interest in delta-operator (or, δ-operator) formulated discrete-time systems (or, δ-systems) is due mainly to (a) their superior finite wordlength characteristics as compared to their more conventional shift-operator (or,q-operator) counterparts (or,q-systems), and (b) the possibility of a more unified treatment of both continuous- and discrete-time systems. With such advantages, design, analysis, and implementation of two-dimensional (2-D) discrete-time systems using the δ-operator is indeed warranted. Towards this end, the work in this paper addresses the development of an easily implementabledirect algorithm for stability checking of 2-D δ-system transfer function models.Indirect methods that utilize transformation techniques are not pursued since they can be numerically unreliable. In developing such an algorithm, a tabular form for stability checking of δ-system characteristic polynomials with complex-valued coefficients and certain quantities that may be regarded as their corresponding Schur-Cohn minors are also proposed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00983557
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    Effects of riblets upon flow stability (1995)
    Springer
    Flow, turbulence and combustion 54 (1995), S. 313-321 
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    ISSN: 1573-1987
    Keywords: riblets ; stability ; Tollmien-Schlichting ; Görtler
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The onset of transition in the boundary layer over a grooved surface is studied by introducing the presence of grooves into the standarde 9 model with the aid of a previously obtained equivalent boundary condition. Under conditions of self-similarity and smallness of the grooves, Tollmien-Schlichting waves are found to be excited at a slightly smaller Reynolds number and Görtler vortices at a slightly larger one than on a smooth surface.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00863516
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    A microstructural investigation of the nonlinear response of electrorheological suspensions (1995)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 34 (1995), S. 417-429 
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    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Electrorheology ; nonlinear ; simulations ; stability ; steady shear
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Particle-level simulations are employed to investigate the transition from linear to nonlinear rheological behavior for electrorheological suspensions under start-up of steady shear flow. This transition is found to first arise from the very slight rearrangement of structures, as opposed to the gross rupture of particulate columns. Linear stability analysis shows that these rearrangements occur when the structures are sheared into electrostatically unstable configurations. The rearrangements also produce a second type of relaxation phenomenon that appears at low frequencies and finite strain amplitudes. Incorporating more realistic force descriptions into the idealized simulation model shifts the transition to nonlinear deformation to smaller strain amplitudes, approaching experimentally observed values. The role of the rearrangement of unstable structures on the oscillatory shear flow response is investigated in the following paper, Part II.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396555
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    A microstructural investigation of the nonlinear response of electrorheological suspensions (1995)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 34 (1995), S. 430-439 
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    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Electrorheology ; nonlinear ; simulations ; stability ; viscoelasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the preceding paper, Part 1, the transition from linear to nonlinear behavior for electrorheological (ER) suspensions under start-up of steady shear flow was found to first arise from the slight rearrangement of unstable structures. In this paper, we investigate the transition to nonlinear behavior for ER suspensions under oscillatory shear flow, focusing on the role of the rearrangement of unstable structures, and employing experimental and simulation results. Again, we find that nonlinear deformation first arises from these rearrangements, as opposed to the gross rearrangement or rupture of particulate chains. The Fourier transform of the simulated time-dependent shear stress is employed to quantify the dependence of the critical strain on the deformation frequency and electric field strength. The predicted behavior is consistent with experimental trends. Methods for verifying the predictions are discussed, as well as possible avenues for exploiting this information in improved operating strategies and improved ER fluids.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396556
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    On stable spherical configurations of artificial protocells (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of biological physics 20 (1995), S. 223-227 
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    ISSN: 1573-0689
    Keywords: protocells ; microsphere ; thermal proteinoid ; stability ; surface energy ; bulk energy ; electrostatic energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The stability of protocells is discussed in terms of macroscopic energies. It is shown that bulk and surface energy contributions alone cannot lead to stable protocells. If electrostatic energy, due to transmembrane voltage, is taken into account, stable hollow spheres are proved to exist. For several reasons, however, this result should not be regarded as an ultimate explanation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00700439
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    Validation of the 3D code SARUMAN in a stability and quench experiment with the superconducting magnet SAFFO (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 14 (1995), S. 113-128 
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    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: Quench propagation ; stability ; force-flow cooled superconductors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Experiments on stability and quench propagation were performed on a NbTi hollow conductor test module allowing heat conduction only between adjacent layers, while the turns in a layer are thermally insulated (2-D winding). The measurements performed over a wide range of operating conditions were used as the experimental data-base for the comparison with the results of the simulations done using the quench analysis code SARUMAN. In the paper the experimental results are compared with the predictions of a 2-D version of SARUMAN, which show that the simulation is able to reproduce the general features of the quench propagation experiments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02214039
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    Modern ticuna swidden-fallow management in the Colombian Amazon: Ecologically integrating market strategies and subsistence-driven economies? (1995)
    Springer
    Human ecology 23 (1995), S. 335-356 
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    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: rain forest ; management ; market ; Colombia ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract The past failure of large-scale, rural development in Amazonia has emphasized the value of small-scale, swidden-fallow management practices. The management strategies used by indigenous cultivators are well-documented, but few studies have examined how absorption by market-based economies may affect the economic and ecological stability of the agricultural system. In this study, we provide a detailed account of swidden-fallow management as it is practiced at Las Palmeras, Amazonas, Colombia; moreover, we assessed the effect of a shift from subsistence to market-directed production. A total of 68 species were selectively managed in the swidden/fallow system. Seventy-seven percent of species at the site were managed for subsistence only, 22% were managed with a view to selling surplus at market. Only one species, Cedrela odorata, was managed solely for market production. A shift from subsistence-based to market-directed production may lower the ecological and economic stability of the system at Las Palmeras. Nonperishable production strategies, such as for timber production, appear to provide the most secure approach toward market integration.
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    Kalman filtering on approximate state-space models (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 84 (1995), S. 415-431 
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    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Kalman filtering ; Karhunen-Loève expansion ; stability ; observability ; controllability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Several state-space models for estimating a second-order stochastic process are proposed in this paper on the basis of the approximate Karhunen-Loève expansion. Properties of these models are studied and then the Kalman filtering method is applied. The accuracy of the models on the basis of two different situations, deterministic or random inputs, is studied by means of a simulation of a Brownian motion.
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    The variational principle of thin shell in stability (1995)
    Springer
    Applied mathematics and mechanics 16 (1995), S. 1161-1169 
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    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: shell ; stability ; critical load
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper gives the resultant forces and moments, strain energy and work of external forces on the basis of the deformation theory of flexible body. Therefore, in accordance with the principle of virtual displacement, the energy criterion of critical load is obtained and the equilibrium equation and boundary conditions of stability problem are derived.
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    Efficacy Evaluation of a Novel Submicron Miconazole Emulsion in a Murine Cryptococcosis Model (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 223-230 
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    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: submicron ; emulsion ; miconazole ; stability ; toxicity ; cryptococcosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Submicron emulsions of miconazole were stabilized by using a combination of three emulsifiers comprising phospholipids, poloxamer, and deoxycholic acid (DCA). The presence of DCA was vital for prolonged emulsion stability owing to its contribution to the elevated zeta potential of the emulsion. Further, the results by the phospholipid surface labelling colorimetric technique clearly suggested that poloxamer molecules interacted with phospholipid polar-head groups of the mixed DCA-phospholipid interfacial film, resulting in the stabilization of the emulsion by a steric enthalpic entropic mechanism. The plain emulsion vehicle was well tolerated up to a dose of 0.6 ml injected i.v. to BALB/c mice. The maximum tolerated dose of miconazole was 80 and 250 mg/kg in Daktarin® i.v. (a marketed product) and emulsion, respectively, showing an improved safety ratio of 1 to 3 in favor of the emulsion. These results tended to confirm that the adverse effects associated with Daktarin® i.v. injection should be associated with the vehicle rather than with the miconazole itself. In a murine cryptococcosis model, only one mouse out of ten remained alive by day 15 in the infected group treated with Daktarin® i.v., while in the miconazole emulsion treated group, mice began to die from day 16 up to day 25 post inoculation. Thus, the multiple-dose treatment with the miconazole emulsions improved the protection offered to the infected mice. However, the therapeutic levels of miconazole that were reached in the target organ (brain) were lower than those required for complete eradication of Cryptococcus neoformans, which is known to multiply preferentially in the brain.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016226909392
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    Optimization of Lyophilization Conditions for Recombinant Human Interleukin-2 by Dried-State Conformational Analysis Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 1250-1259 
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    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: lyophilization ; interleukin-2 ; protein conformation ; infrared spectroscopy ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. Examination of the dried-state conformation of interleukin-2 (IL-2) was used to determine the pH conditions and stabilizers that provide optimal storage stability for the lyophilized product. Methods. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and accelerated stability studies which examined solubility, aggregate formation, and covalent cross-linking were used. Results. Varying the pH in the absence of excipients resulted in dramatic differences in the dried state conformation of IL-2. At pH 7, IL-2 unfolds extensively upon lyophilization while at pH below 5 it remains essentially native. Additional unfolding was observed upon incubation at elevated temperatures. A strong direct correlation between the retention of the native (aqueous) structure during freeze-drying and enhanced stability is demonstrated. IL-2 prepared at pH 5 is approximately an order of magnitude more stable than at pH 7 with regard to formation of soluble and insoluble aggregates. A similar pH profile was observed in the presence of excipients, although the excipients alter the overall stability profile. Additional accelerated stability studies examined the stabilizers necessary for optimal stability. Conclusions. Excipients with the capacity to substitute for water upon dehydration better preserve the native structure resulting in enhanced stability. Those that have high glass transition temperatures provide the highest level of stability during storage, although they do not prevent dehydration induced unfolding.
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    Topological existence and stability for stackelberg problems (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 84 (1995), S. 145-169 
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    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Stackelberg problem ; multifunctions ; Γ-limits ; existence ; stability ; ε-solutions ; strict ε-solutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this paper is to study, in a topological framework, existence and stability for the solutions to a parametrized Stackelberg problem. To this end, approximate solutions are used, more precisely, ε-solutions and strict ε-solutions. The results given are of minimal character and the standard types of constraints are considered, that is, constant constraints, constraints defined by a finite number of inequalities, and more generally constraints defined by an arbitrary multifunction.
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    Spectrophotometric study of the complexation of iodine with 1,7-diaza-15-crown-5 in chloroform solution (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 22 (1995), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: DA15C5-iodine complex ; stoichiometry ; stability ; rate constant ; spectrophotometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The complex formation reaction between iodine and 1,7-diaza-15-crown-5 (DA15C5) has been studied spectrophotometrically in chloroform at 25°C. The resulting 1:2 (DA15C5:I2) molecular complex was formulated as (DA15C5...;I+)I 3 − . The spectrophotometric results, as well as the conductivity measurements, revealed that the gradual release of triiodide ion from its contact ion paired form in the molecular complex into the solution is the rate determining step of the reaction. The rate constant was calculated ask=(8.8±0.2)×10−3 min−1. The formation constant of the molecular complex was evaluated from the computer fitting of the absorbance-mole ratio data as logK f=6.89±0.09.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00707685
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    Variable-coefficient harmonic balance for periodically forced nonlinear oscillators (1995)
    Springer
    Nonlinear dynamics 7 (1995), S. 11-35 
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    ISSN: 1573-269X
    Keywords: Periodic solutions ; stability ; local bifurcations ; Fourier series
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper explores the application of the method of variable-coefficient harmonic balance to nonautonomous nonlinear equations of the form XsF(X, t:λ), and in particular, a one-degree-of-freedom nonlinear oscillator equation describing escape from a cubic potential well. Each component of the solution, X(t), is expressed as a truncated Fourier series of superharmonics, subharmonics and ultrasubharmonics. Use is then made of symbolic manipulation in order to arrange the oscillator equation as a Fourier series and its coefficient are evaluated in the traditional way. The time-dependent coefficients permit the construction of a set of amplitude evolution equations with corresponding stability criteria. The technique enables detection of local bifurcations, such as saddle-node folds, period doubling flips, and parts of the Feigenbaum cascade. This representation of the periodic solution leads to local bifurcations being associated with a term in the Fourier series and, in particular, the onset of a period doubled solution can be detected by a series of superharmonics only. Its validity is such that control space bifurcation diagrams can be obtained with reasonable accuracy and large reductions in computational expense.
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    Stability of elastic bodies with nonmonotone multivalued boundary conditions of the quasidifferential type (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of elasticity 41 (1995), S. 137-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2681
    Keywords: stability ; eigenvalue inequalities ; nonsmooth eigenvalue problems ; 35A15 ; 35R35 ; 73K20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Necessary conditions for the stability of elastic bodies subjected to nonmonotone multivalued boundary conditions are derived. These conditions are assumed to be derived from nonconvex and nonsmooth, quasidifferentiable energy functions. A ‘difference convex’ approximation of the potential energy function is written based on an appropriate quasidifferential formulation. Under appropriate assumptions for the convex and the concave parts we prove the existence of at least one nontrivial solution to the nonlinear eigenvalue problem.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042511
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    A non-linear seales method for strongly non-linear oscillators (1995)
    Springer
    Nonlinear dynamics 7 (1995), S. 285-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-269X
    Keywords: Strongly nonlinear oscillators ; nonlinear scales method ; limit cycle ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A non-linear seales method is presented for the analysis of strongly non-linear oseillators of the form % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D% aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaiGc9yrFr0xXdbba91rFfpec8Eeeu0x% Xdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs% 0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqGaaO% qaamXvP5wqonvsaeHbfv3ySLgzaGqbdiqb-Hha4zaadaGaey4kaSIa% am4zaiaacIcacqWF4baEcaGGPaGae8xpa0JaeqyTduMaamOzaiaacI% cacqWF4baEcqWFSaalcuWF4baEgaGaaiaabMcaaaa!4FEC!\[\ddot x + g(x) = \varepsilon f(x,\dot x{\text{)}}\], where g(x) is an arbitrary non-linear function of the displacement x. We assumed that % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D% aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaiGc9yrFr0xXdbba91rFfpec8Eeeu0x% Xdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs% 0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqGaaO% qaamXvP5wqonvsaeHbfv3ySLgzaGqbdiab-Hha4jaacIcacqWF0baD% cqWFSaalcqaH1oqzcaGGPaGaeyypa0Jae8hEaG3aaSbaaSqaaiaaic% daaeqaaOGaaiikaiabe67a4jaacYcacqaH3oaAcaGGPaGaey4kaSYa% aabmaeaacqaH1oqzdaahaaWcbeqaaiaad6gaaaaabaGaamOBaiabg2% da9iaaigdaaeaacaWGTbGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaqdcqGHris5aOGae8hE% aG3aaSbaaSqaaiab-5gaUbqabaGccaGGOaGaeqOVdGNaaiykaiabgU% caRiaad+eacaGGOaGaeqyTdu2aaWbaaSqabeaacaWGTbaaaOGaaiyk% aaaa!67B9!\[x(t,\varepsilon ) = x_0 (\xi ,\eta ) + \sum\nolimits_{n = 1}^{m - 1} {\varepsilon ^n } x_n (\xi ) + O(\varepsilon ^m )\], where % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D% aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaiGc9yrFr0xXdbba91rFfpec8Eeeu0x% Xdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs% 0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqGaaO% qaaiaabsgacqaH+oaEcaGGVaGaaeizaiaadshacqGH9aqpdaaeWaqa% aiabew7aLnaaCaaaleqabaGaamOBaaaaaeaacaWGUbGaeyypa0JaaG% ymaaqaaiaad2gaa0GaeyyeIuoakiaadkfadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqa% baGccaGGOaGaeqOVdGNaaiykaaaa!4FFC!\[{\text{d}}\xi /{\text{d}}t = \sum\nolimits_{n = 1}^m {\varepsilon ^n } R_n (\xi )\], % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D% aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaiGc9yrFr0xXdbba91rFfpec8Eeeu0x% Xdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs% 0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqGaaO% qaaiaabsgacqaH3oaAcaGGVaGaaeizaiaadshacqGH9aqpdaaeWaqa% aiabew7aLnaaCaaaleqabaGaamOBaaaaaeaacaWGUbGaeyypa0JaaG% imaaqaaiaad2gaa0GaeyyeIuoakiaadofadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqa% baGccaGGOaGaeqOVdGNaaiilaiabeE7aOjaacMcaaaa!5241!\[{\text{d}}\eta /{\text{d}}t = \sum\nolimits_{n = 0}^m {\varepsilon ^n } S_n (\xi ,\eta )\], and R n,S nare to be determined in the course of the analysis. This method is suitable for the systems with even non-linearities as well as with odd non-linearities. It can be viewed as a generalization of the two-variable expansion procedure. Using the present method we obtained a modified Krylov-Bogoliubov method. Four numerical examples are presented which served to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present method.
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    RecombinantEscherichia coli strains provide high-level expression of human interleukin-3 and interleukin-4 (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 119 (1995), S. 77-79 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: interleukin-3 ; interleukin-4 ; producing strain ; stability ; production level
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A number of expression vectors carrying the genes coding for interleukin-3 and interleukin-4 are constructed. The influence of the promoter type, the ribosome-binding site, and the number of plasmid copies on the expression of recombinant proteins and the stability of producing strains is studied.Escherichia coli strains providing a stable high level production of human interleukin-3 and interleukin-4 are obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02445938
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    Oligodienyl compounds of d- and f-transition metals: synthesis and stability (1995)
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 44 (1995), S. 9-17 
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    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: oligodienyl chain ; transition metals ; synthesis ; stability ; π-coordination ; IR spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The results of investigations performed in the Laboratory of Organometallic Catalysis of the A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis of the RAS are reviewed. The oligodienyl compounds of a series of transition metals, R n olM and R n olMXm (Rol= R′(diene)3–10, where R′ is an alkyl, allyl, alkenyl, or H; (diene)3–10 is an oligodienyl group with 3–10 monomeric diene units; M = Ti3+, Cr2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Nd3+, Pr3+, Sm3+, and Gd3+; X is a halogen or an electronegative group), have been synthesized for the first time and some of their properties have been studied. The stability of oligodienyl compounds is much higher than that of the corresponding π-alkenyl derivatives. The IR spectra of the compounds synthesized allowed us to conclude that their stability and some peculiarities of the reactions of these compounds can be explained by π-coordination of the isolated double bond of the oligodienyl chain to the transition metal.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696949
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