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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An outline of the 25th BCR-Anniversary Conference (1999)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 4 (1999), S. 62-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050313
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preparation of a cabbage reference material for environmental monitoring and food analysis (2000)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 5 (2000), S. 238-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Production of CRMs ; Bowen's kale ; Residual water determination ; Thallium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Cabbage is frequently used in environmental monitoring and food control, and, hence, cabbage reference materials (RMs) are required for ensuring quality assurance. A cabbage RM was prepared in view of certification of specific elements from the "black list" of high toxicological interest and nutritive importance. All tasks of the RM production (production of the plant material, cutting and freeze-drying, determination of the residual water content, preparation of the RM, homogeneity testing, stability testing, certification measurements) are described in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050454
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certified reference materials—Hay Powder (CRM 129) and Rye Grass (CRM 281)—for the quality control of analysis of animal feed (1990)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 102 (1990), S. 87-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: certified reference material ; Rye grass ; Hay powder ; analytical quality control ; animal feed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of nutritive elements are routinely performed in grass or hay for animal feed in order to improve the state of health and growth of domestic animals. To control the quality of such determinations, the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) so far has produced two certified reference materials: Hay Powder (CRM 129) and Rye Grass (CRM 281). After a careful preparation procedure of the materials, a homogeneity study and a long-term stability study, the contents of the elements Ca, K, Mg, P, S, Zn, I, N and Kjeldahl-N were certified in CRM 129, whereas CRM 281 was certified for As, B, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se and Zn. This paper presents the certification exercise and especially concentrates on the elements I, B and Mo as examples of analytical work. Indicative values for Co, Cr, Fe, Cl and Na were also obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244291
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A survey on stability of chemical species in solution during storage: the BCR experience (1995)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 118 (1995), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: stability ; chemical species ; solutions ; calibration ; interlaboratory studies ; measurement and testing programme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The stability of chemical species in solution during storage is one of the critical aspect that has to be carefully studied e.g. for calibration purposes or prior to the organization of interlaboratory studies using synthetic solutions. The Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR) is currently undertaking projects to improve the quality of speciation analysis for a variety of species (e.g. As, Hg, Sn, Pb, Cr). In all the cases the stability of these species was carefully studied in the solutions provided to the participants. This paper gives an overview of some of the results obtained in different BCR-projects on speciation analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242236
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface (1995)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 119 (1995), S. 181-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01243996
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in trace element determinations in environmental and food matrices: Conclusions of the workshop (1995)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 119 (1995), S. 329-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: trace elements ; environment ; food ; analysis ; development ; trends
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The improvement and development of analytical techniques for the determination of trace elements in environmental and food matrices are one of the main challenges of analytical chemists nowadays. The need for a good quality control of these determinations has led the Measurements and Testing Programme (BCR) to organize series of intercomparisons and to produce certified reference materials (CRM's) for improving the quality of environmental and food matrices. At this stage, it was deemed necessary to discuss the research which should be undertaken to further improve the state of the art of trace element determinations and to develop new methodologies. A workshop on Trends in Trace Element Determinations in Environmental and Food Matrices has therefore been held in Thessaloniki in October 1994 which allowed to identify the research needs and make some recommendations based on round-table discussions. This paper gives a summary of the conclusions of the discussions. An outline of the programme along with the panel of experts participating in this workshop is given in the appendix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244013
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certified reference materials for the quality control of environmental analysis within the standards, measurements and testing programme (formerly BCR) (1996)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 123 (1996), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: certified reference materials ; quality control ; environmental analysis ; Standards ; Measurements and Testing Programme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A great number of analyses is performed every year, the results of which are used for many purposes, e.g. the quality of goods and food, the status of quality of the environment or the health of patients. The accuracy of these results is a prerequisite for a good interpretation of the data obtained. One of the most powerful tool for achieving quality control of chemical analysis is to use reference materials (RMs) and certified reference materials (CRMs). These materials are necessary for one or more of the following items: method validation (CRMs), monitoring of the state of statistical control (RMs), samples in inter-comparisons (RMs), etc. The requirements and use of RMs and CRMs in chemical analysis are described, with special emphasis on environmental analysis, and some examples of environmental materials currently in production within the Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR) of the European Commission are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244372
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certified reference materials (CRMs 398 and 399) for the quality control of major element determination in freshwater (1992)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 108 (1992), S. 195-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: certified reference material ; freshwater ; analytical quality control ; major elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of freshwater are routinely performed by a number of organisations to monitor the levels of major elements. In order to improve and control the quality of such determinations, the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) has organised a certification campaign to produce two reference materials (CRM 398, low element content and CRM 399, high element content) certified for their contents of Al, Ca, Cl, Fe, Mg, Mn, K, Na, P and S. These materials were carefully prepared (addition of the elements mentioned in the form of ammonium salts or nitrates to silica free deionised water) and their homogeneity and long term stability were verified. This paper presents the certification work performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242429
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of candidate certified reference materials for the quality control of EDTA-and acetic acid-extractable trace metal determinations in sewage sludge-amended soil and terra rossa soil (1995)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 120 (1995), S. 289-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: extraction ; soils ; trace elements ; candidate CRMs ; reference materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The determination of extractable trace metal contents in soil using single extraction procedures is currently performed in many laboratories to assess the bioavailable metal fraction (and related phytotoxic effects) and the accessability to the environment (e.g. contamination of ground waters). Owing to the need for validation of the extraction schemes used and of the analytical techniques, the EC Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR) has organized a project for improving the quality of determination of extractable trace metal contents in soil, the first step being an interlaboratory study to adopt common extraction procedures and the second being a certification campaign to certify two soils for their extractable trace element contents following these procedures. This paper gives a brief overview of the project organisation and describes the preparation, homogeneity and stability studies of two soil candidate reference materials (sewage sludge-amended and terra rossa soils).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244439
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and homogeneity study of a mussel candidate reference material for certification of organotin compounds (1995)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 120 (1995), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: certified reference material ; mussel ; organotin ; homogeneity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Organotin compounds are currently determined in various environmental matrices (in particular water, sediment and shellfish) to form the basis of control measures for the levels of contamination, as required in some EC Directives. Accurate measurements are a prerequisite for the enforcement of this legislation, which implies that good quality control of determinations should be ensured. One of the tools for achieving accuracy is to use certified reference materials (CRMs). With regard to tin species, however, CRMs are rather scarce and mainly concern sediment and fish matrices certified for their butyltin content. The present study deals with the preparation of a mussel candidate reference material and the verification of its homogeneity prior to the certification of the contents of butyl- and phenyl-tin compounds. 100kg of mussels (Mytilus edulis) were collected, carefully washed with fresh water in order to eliminate matrix salts and immediately frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen. The mussels were shelled (in the frozen state) and the edible part was stored in thermally sealed polyethylene bags which were stored at −25 °C. The frozen material was ground in a Teflon-coated grinding mill, spread on sterilized flat trays and freeze-dried. The freeze-dried material was then ground for 15 days in a zirconia ball mill and sieved on a titanium sieve to separate the fibrous part. Successively, the material was mixed for 15 days under argon atmosphere in a special polyethylene-lined mixing drum and bottled in brown Pyrex-glass bottles. 21 bottles were selected during the course of the bottling procedure to verify the within- and between-bottle homogeneity of the overall batch. The within-bottle homogeneity was verified by determining the organotin (butyl- and phenyltins) content for subsamples of 500 mg in ten replicates from one bottle, whereas the between-bottle homogeneity was controlled by one organotin measurement from each of 20 bottles. The analyses were performed by GC-MS. The results showed that the homogeneity of the material makes it suitable as a candidate reference material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244438
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