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  • Male  (77)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (77)
  • 1990-1994  (77)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1940-1944
  • 1992  (77)
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Keywords
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (77)
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  • 1990-1994  (77)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
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    NIH wrestles with furor over conference (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 7;257(5071):739.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; *Crime ; Female ; *Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; Male ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services ; *Violence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Some anthropological aspects of the prehistoric Tyrolean ice man (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-16
    Description: The corpse of a Late Neolithic individual found in a glacier in Oetztal is unusual because of the intact nature of all body parts that resulted from the characteristics of its mummification process and its protected geographical position with regard to glacier flow. Anthropological data indicate that the man was 25 to 40 years old, was between 156 and 160 centimeters in stature, had a cranial capacity of between 1500 and 1560 cubic centimeters, and likely died of exhaustion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seidler, H -- Bernhard, W -- Teschler-Nicola, M -- Platzer, W -- zur Nedden, D -- Henn, R -- Oberhauser, A -- Sjovold, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 16;258(5081):455-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Humanbiologie, Universitat Wien, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Austria ; Ear/anatomy & histology ; Freezing ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Italy ; Male ; *Mummies ; Skull/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Molecular epidemiology of HIV transmission in a dental practice (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-22
    Description: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission from infected patients to health-care workers has been well documented, but transmission from an infected health-care worker to a patient has not been reported. After identification of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient who had no known risk factors for HIV infection but who had undergone an invasive procedure performed by a dentist with AIDS, six other patients of this dentist were found to be HIV-infected. Molecular biologic studies were conducted to complement the epidemiologic investigation. Portions of the HIV proviral envelope gene from each of the seven patients, the dentist, and 35 HIV-infected persons from the local geographic area were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Three separate comparative genetic analyses--genetic distance measurements, phylogenetic tree analysis, and amino acid signature pattern analysis--showed that the viruses from the dentist and five dental patients were closely related. These data, together with the epidemiologic investigation, indicated that these patients became infected with HIV while receiving care from a dentist with AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ou, C Y -- Ciesielski, C A -- Myers, G -- Bandea, C I -- Luo, C C -- Korber, B T -- Mullins, J I -- Schochetman, G -- Berkelman, R L -- Economou, A N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 22;256(5060):1165-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/microbiology/*transmission ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral/blood/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Dentistry ; Female ; Florida ; Genetic Variation ; HIV Infections/microbiology/*transmission ; HIV-1/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monocytes/physiology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; *Patients ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Identification of ras oncogene mutations in the stool of patients with curable colorectal tumors (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-03
    Description: Colorectal (CR) tumors are usually curable if detected before metastasis. Because genetic alterations are associated with the development of these tumors, mutant genes may be found in the stool of individuals with CR neoplasms. The stools of nine patients whose tumors contained mutations of K-ras were analyzed. In eight of the nine cases, the ras mutations were detectable in DNA purified from the stool. These patients included those with benign and malignant neoplasms from proximal and distal colonic epithelium. Thus, colorectal tumors can be detected by a noninvasive method based on the molecular pathogenesis of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidransky, D -- Tokino, T -- Hamilton, S R -- Kinzler, K W -- Levin, B -- Frost, P -- Vogelstein, B -- CA06973/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA35494/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 3;256(5053):102-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Carcinoma/diagnosis/*genetics/pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/pathology ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Feces/chemistry ; Female ; *Genes, ras ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Minority health. NIH spells out plans for a $45 million initiative (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 3;256(5053):24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; Female ; *Health Promotion ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Minority Groups ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Triplet repeat mutations in human disease (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-18
    Description: Triplet repeats are the sites of mutation in three human heritable disorders, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), fragile X syndrome, and myotonic dystrophy (DM). These repeats are GC-rich and highly polymorphic in the normal population. Fragile X syndrome and DM are examples of diseases in which premutation alleles cause little or no disease in the individual, but give rise to significantly amplified repeats in affected progeny. This newly identified mechanism of mutation has, so far, been identified in two of the most common heritable disorders, fragile X syndrome and DM, and one rare disease, SBMA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caskey, C T -- Pizzuti, A -- Fu, Y H -- Fenwick, R G Jr -- Nelson, D L -- 1R01HD29256/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30-HG00210/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P30HD24064/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 8;256(5058):784-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics/physiopathology ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*genetics/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/*genetics/physiopathology ; *Mutation ; Myotonic Dystrophy/*genetics/physiopathology ; Pedigree ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Sexually antagonistic genes: experimental evidence (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-06-05
    Description: When selection differs between the sexes, a mutation beneficial to one sex may be harmful to the other (sexually antagonistic). Because the sexes share a common gene pool, selection in one sex can interfere with the other's adaptive evolution. Theory predicts that sexually antagonistic mutations should accumulate in tight linkage with a new sex-determining gene, even when the harm to benefit ratio is high. Genetic markers and artificial selection were used to make a pair of autosomal genes segregate like a new pair of sex-determining genes in a Drosophila melanogaster model system. A 29-generation study provides experimental evidence that sexually antagonistic genes may be common in nature and will accumulate in response to a new sex-determining gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 5;256(5062):1436-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Board of Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1604317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Eye Color/genetics ; Female ; *Genes ; Male ; Phenotype ; *Recombination, Genetic ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Sex Ratio
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Human gene therapy (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-08
    Description: Human gene therapy is a procedure that is being used in an attempt to treat genetic and other diseases. Eleven clinical protocols are under way at the present time, each with scientific and clinical objectives. Human genetic engineering raises unique safety, social, and ethical concerns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 8;256(5058):808-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Deaminase/deficiency/*genetics ; Bioethics ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Federal Government ; Female ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Genetic Engineering ; *Genetic Therapy ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/genetics/therapy ; Risk Assessment ; Safety ; Social Responsibility
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Age-associated inclusions in normal and transgenic mouse brain (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jucker, M -- Walker, L C -- Martin, L J -- Kitt, C A -- Kleinman, H K -- Ingram, D K -- Price, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 13;255(5050):1443-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1542796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Genome analysis and the human X chromosome (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-02
    Description: A unified genetic, physical, and functional map of the human X chromosome is being built through a concerted, international effort. About 40 percent of the 160 million base pairs of the X chromosome DNA have been cloned in overlapping, ordered contigs derived from yeast artificial chromosomes. This rapid progress toward a physical map is accelerating the identification of inherited disease genes, 26 of which are already cloned and more than 50 others regionally localized by linkage analysis. This article summarizes the mapping strategies now used and the impact of genome research on the understanding of X chromosome inactivation and X-linked diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mandel, J L -- Monaco, A P -- Nelson, D L -- Schlessinger, D -- Willard, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 2;258(5079):103-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS, INSERM, Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Macropodidae ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; *X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Senate backs fetal research--and more (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):172-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566065" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*transmission ; Female ; *Fetal Tissue Transplantation ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Sexual Behavior ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Comparative genomic hybridization for molecular cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-30
    Description: Comparative genomic hybridization produces a map of DNA sequence copy number as a function of chromosomal location throughout the entire genome. Differentially labeled test DNA and normal reference DNA are hybridized simultaneously to normal chromosome spreads. The hybridization is detected with two different fluorochromes. Regions of gain or loss of DNA sequences, such as deletions, duplications, or amplifications, are seen as changes in the ratio of the intensities of the two fluorochromes along the target chromosomes. Analysis of tumor cell lines and primary bladder tumors identified 16 different regions of amplification, many in loci not previously known to be amplified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kallioniemi, A -- Kallioniemi, O P -- Sudar, D -- Rutovitz, D -- Gray, J W -- Waldman, F -- Pinkel, D -- CA 44768/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 45919/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 47537/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 30;258(5083):818-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1359641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; DNA Probes ; DNA, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Female ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oncogenes ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Rhodamines ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Aromatase enzyme activity and sex determination in chickens (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-24
    Description: During development, the genotype of the zygote determines the nature of the gonad, which then determines the male or female phenotype. The molecular events underlying this process are just beginning to be defined. A single treatment of chicken embryos with an aromatase inhibitor (which blocks the synthesis of estrogen from testosterone) at a stage when their gonads were bipotential caused genetic females to develop a permanent male phenotype. These sex-reversed females developed bilateral testes that were capable of complete spermatogenesis and had the physical appearance and behavior of normal males. This result identifies aromatase as a key developmental switch in the sex determination of chickens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elbrecht, A -- Smith, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 24;255(5043):467-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1734525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aromatase/*metabolism ; Aromatase Inhibitors ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens/*physiology ; Estradiol/blood/pharmacology ; Female ; Genitalia/embryology ; Male ; Phenotype ; *Sex Determination Analysis ; Spermatogenesis ; Testosterone/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Structure and functional expression of an omega-conotoxin-sensitive human N-type calcium channel (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-17
    Description: N-type calcium channels are omega-conotoxin (omega-CgTx)-sensitive, voltage-dependent ion channels involved in the control of neurotransmitter release from neurons. Multiple subtypes of voltage-dependent calcium channel complexes exist, and it is the alpha 1 subunit of the complex that forms the pore through which calcium enters the cell. The primary structures of human neuronal calcium channel alpha 1B subunits were deduced by the characterization of overlapping complementary DNAs. Two forms (alpha 1B-1 and alpha 1B-2) were identified in human neuroblastoma (IMR32) cells and in the central nervous system, but not in skeletal muscle or aorta tissues. The alpha 1B-1 subunit directs the recombinant expression of N-type calcium channel activity when it is transiently co-expressed with human neuronal beta 2 and alpha 2b subunits in mammalian HEK293 cells. The recombinant channel was irreversibly blocked by omega-CgTx but was insensitive to dihydropyridines. The alpha 1B-1 alpha 2b beta 2-transfected cells displayed a single class of saturable, high-affinity (dissociation constant = 55 pM) omega-CgTx binding sites. Co-expression of the beta 2 subunit was necessary for N-type channel activity, whereas the alpha 2b subunit appeared to modulate the expression of the channel. The heterogeneity of alpha 1B subunits, along with the heterogeneity of alpha 2 and beta subunits, is consistent with multiple, biophysically distinct N-type calcium channels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, M E -- Brust, P F -- Feldman, D H -- Patthi, S -- Simerson, S -- Maroufi, A -- McCue, A F -- Velicelebi, G -- Ellis, S B -- Harpold, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 17;257(5068):389-95.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉SIBIA, Inc., La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1321501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*drug effects/*genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neuroblastoma/metabolism ; Peptides, Cyclic/*pharmacology ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transfection ; omega-Conotoxin GVIA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Selfish genes (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bull, J J -- Molineux, I J -- Werren, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 3;256(5053):65.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin 78712.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes ; Heterozygote ; Male ; Mice
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Lymphoid development in mice congenitally lacking T cell receptor alpha beta-expressing cells (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-06-05
    Description: Vertebrate T cells express either an alpha beta or gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR). The developmental relatedness of the two cell types is unresolved. alpha beta + T cells respond to specific pathogens by collaborating with immunoglobulin-producing B cells in distinct lymphoid organs such as the spleen and Peyer's patches. The precise influence of alpha beta + T cells on B cell development is poorly understood. To investigate the developmental effects of alpha beta + T cells on B cells and gamma delta + T cells, mice homozygous for a disrupted TCR alpha gene were generated. The homozygotes showed elimination of alpha beta + T cells and the loss of thymic medullae. Despite this, gamma delta + T cells developed in normal numbers, and there was an increase in splenic B cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Philpott, K L -- Viney, J L -- Kay, G -- Rastan, S -- Gardiner, E M -- Chae, S -- Hayday, A C -- Owen, M J -- GM37759/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 5;256(5062):1448-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1604321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Blastocyst ; Blotting, Southern ; Chimera ; Clone Cells ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Female ; Lymphoid Tissue/growth & development/*immunology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Peyer's Patches/immunology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    An animal model for cystic fibrosis made by gene targeting (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-21
    Description: Cystic fibrosis results from defects in the gene encoding a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent chloride ion channel known as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). To create an animal model for cystic fibrosis, mice were generated from embryonic stem cells in which the CFTR gene was disrupted by gene targeting. Mice homozygous for the disrupted gene display many features common to young human cystic fibrosis patients, including failure to thrive, meconium ileus, alteration of mucous and serous glands, and obstruction of glandlike structures with inspissated eosinophilic material. Death resulting from intestinal obstruction usually occurs before 40 days of age.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snouwaert, J N -- Brigman, K K -- Latour, A M -- Malouf, N N -- Boucher, R C -- Smithies, O -- Koller, B H -- GM20069/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL 42384/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 21;257(5073):1083-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1380723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cystic Fibrosis/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; Digestive System/metabolism/pathology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Exocrine Glands/pathology ; Gallbladder/pathology ; Genitalia, Male/pathology ; Genotype ; Growth ; Intestinal Obstruction/etiology/pathology ; Liver/pathology ; Male ; Meconium/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mucus/metabolism ; Mutagenesis ; Pancreas/pathology ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Salivary Glands/pathology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Trypsin-sensitive, rapid inactivation of a calcium-activated potassium channel (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-09-18
    Description: Most calcium-activated potassium channels couple changes in intracellular calcium to membrane excitability by conducting a current with a probability that depends directly on submembrane calcium concentration. In rat adrenal chromaffin cells, however, a large conductance, voltage- and calcium-activated potassium channel (BK) undergoes rapid inactivation, suggesting that this channel has a physiological role different than that of other BK channels. The inactivation of the BK channel, like that of the voltage-gated Shaker B potassium channel, is removed by trypsin digestion and channels are blocked by the Shaker B amino-terminal inactivating domain. Thus, this BK channel shares functional and possibly structural homologies with other inactivating voltage-gated potassium channels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solaro, C R -- Lingle, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 18;257(5077):1694-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1529355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/physiology ; Animals ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Chromaffin System/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Ion Channel Gating/drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/physiology ; Potassium Channels/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Trypsin/*pharmacology
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  • 19
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    Myoblast therapy (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Epstein, H F -- Fischman, D A -- Bader, D -- Changeux, J P -- Buckhold, K -- Ordahl, C P -- Hoffman, E -- Kedes, L H -- Konieczny, S -- Leinwand, L A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 7;257(5071):738.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles/*transplantation ; Muscular Dystrophies/*surgery ; Transplantation/adverse effects
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  • 20
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    Condom use (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sonenstein, F L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 14;257(5072):861.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1502545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control ; Adolescent ; Adult ; *Contraceptive Devices, Male ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Education ; *Sexual Behavior ; United States
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  • 21
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    Levantines and Londoners (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolpoff, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 10;255(5041):142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1553537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Male ; *Paleontology ; Skull/*anatomy & histology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    The promise and pitfalls of molecular genetics (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aldhous, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 10;257(5067):164-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1631543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior/*physiology ; Child ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence/genetics ; Male ; Mental Disorders/genetics ; *Molecular Biology ; Twins/psychology
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  • 23
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    Nitric oxide: a physiologic mediator of penile erection (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-17
    Description: Nitric oxide (NO) is a cytotoxic agent of macrophages, a messenger molecule of neurons, and a vasodilator produced by endothelial cells. NO synthase, the synthetic enzyme for NO, was localized to rat penile neurons innervating the corpora cavernosa and to neuronal plexuses in the adventitial layer of penile arteries. Small doses of NO synthase inhibitors abolished electrophysiologically induced penile erections. These results establish NO as a physiologic mediator of erectile function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnett, A L -- Lowenstein, C J -- Bredt, D S -- Chang, T S -- Snyder, S H -- DA-00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DK-19300/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- MH-18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 17;257(5068):401-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1378650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors/biosynthesis ; Animals ; Arginine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Nerve Fibers/metabolism ; *Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitroarginine ; Penile Erection/drug effects/*physiology ; Penis/metabolism ; Rats ; Urethra/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    Sexual behavior. French venture where U.S. fears to tread (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aldhous, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 3;257(5066):25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1320289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control ; Adult ; Aged ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Data Collection ; Female ; France ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Sexual Behavior ; United States
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  • 25
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    High-frequency network oscillation in the hippocampus (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-05-15
    Description: Pyramidal cells in the CA1 hippocampal region displayed transient network oscillations (200 hertz) during behavioral immobility, consummatory behaviors, and slow-wave sleep. Simultaneous, multisite recordings revealed temporal and spatial coherence of neuronal activity during population oscillations. Participating pyramidal cells discharged at a rate lower than the frequency of the population oscillation, and their action potentials were phase locked to the negative phase of the simultaneously recorded oscillatory field potentials. In contrast, interneurons discharged at population frequency during the field oscillations. Thus, synchronous output of cooperating CA1 pyramidal cells may serve to induce synaptic enhancement in target structures of the hippocampus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buzsaki, G -- Horvath, Z -- Urioste, R -- Hetke, J -- Wise, K -- NS02383/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS27058/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 15;256(5059):1025-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Neurons/physiology ; Periodicity ; Pyramidal Tracts/physiology ; Rats ; Sleep/physiology ; Synapses/physiology
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  • 26
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    Residual vision in a scotoma: implications for blindsight (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-11-27
    Description: Blindsight, the ability of some blind patients to describe attributes of stimuli they have no conscious awareness of seeing, has been attributed to a secondary (retinotectal) visual pathway. However, it has also been proposed that blindsight could be due to residual function within the primary (geniculostriate) visual pathway. Data have now been obtained that support the second alternative. With an image stabilizer ensuring the accurate retinal placement of stimuli, dense visual field mapping was carried out with a hemianopic patient. This perimetry revealed, embedded in the patient's scotoma, an isolated 1-degree island of residual vision that was not disclosed by conventional perimetric methods. Stimuli presented to this island could be detected and discriminated, although the subject reported he did not see them. The existence of this island of vision implies a corresponding island of functioning cortex within the patient's lesion. Other instances of blindsight may be mediated by similar islands of functioning cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fendrich, R -- Wessinger, C M -- Gazzaniga, M S -- P01 NS1778-10/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 27;258(5087):1489-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis 95616.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Eye Movements/physiology ; Hemianopsia/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Scotoma/*physiopathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Visual Cortex/physiopathology ; Visual Field Tests/methods ; Visual Fields/*physiology ; Visual Pathways/physiopathology
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  • 27
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    Prevention of autoimmune diabetes in the BB rat by intrathymic islet transplantation at birth (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-29
    Description: Spontaneous diabetes in the BioBreeding (BB) rat, like human type I diabetes, results from the destruction of pancreatic islets by autoreactive T lymphocytes recognizing beta cell-specific antigens. T cell tolerance is in part mediated by interactions of maturing thymocytes with antigens expressed in the thymic microenvironment; islets were therefore implanted into the thymus of neonatal diabetes-prone BB rats to determine whether exposure of T cell precursors to beta cell antigens could influence the development of diabetes. This treatment completely prevented diabetes and insulitis in the native pancreas. The effect may be the result of specific modulation of diabetogenic T cells maturing in an islet-bearing thymus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Posselt, A M -- Barker, C F -- Friedman, A L -- Naji, A -- DK26007/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK34878/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 29;256(5061):1321-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1598576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Antigens, CD8/analysis ; Autoimmune Diseases/genetics/immunology/*prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology/*prevention & control ; Immune Tolerance ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Lymph Nodes/immunology ; Male ; Pancreas/cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred BB ; Rats, Inbred WF ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology ; Thyroid Gland/cytology ; Transplantation, Heterotopic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Polarized debate: EMFs and cancer (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-12-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 11;258(5089):1724-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1342792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Electromagnetic Phenomena ; *Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/epidemiology/etiology ; Leukemia, Radiation-Induced/*etiology ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Sweden ; United States
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  • 29
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    Assignment of a locus for familial melanoma, MLM, to chromosome 9p13-p22 (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-11-13
    Description: Linkage analysis of ten Utah kindreds and one Texas kindred with multiple cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) provided evidence that a locus for familial melanoma susceptibility is in the chromosomal region 9p13-p22. The genetic markers analyzed reside in a candidate region on chromosome 9p21, previously implicated by the presence of homozygous deletions in melanoma tumors and by the presence of a germline deletion in an individual with eight independent melanomas. Multipoint linkage analysis was performed between the familial melanoma susceptibility locus (MLM) and two short tandem repeat markers, D9S126 and the interferon-alpha (IFNA) gene, which reside in the region of somatic loss in melanoma tumors. An analysis incorporating a partially penetrant dominant melanoma susceptibility locus places MLM near IFNA and D9S126 with a maximum location score of 12.71. Therefore, the region frequently deleted in melanoma tumors on 9p21 presumably contains a locus that plays a critical role in predisposition to familial melanoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cannon-Albright, L A -- Goldgar, D E -- Meyer, L J -- Lewis, C M -- Anderson, D E -- Fountain, J W -- Hegi, M E -- Wiseman, R W -- Petty, E M -- Bale, A E -- CA 42014/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 48711/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR 00064/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 13;258(5085):1148-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Chromosome Aberrations ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Melanoma/*genetics ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Skin Neoplasms/*genetics ; Texas ; Utah
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  • 30
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    Can a father's exposure lead to illness in his children? (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 2;258(5079):31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; DNA/radiation effects ; Humans ; Leukemia, Radiation-Induced/*epidemiology ; Male ; *Nuclear Energy ; *Occupational Exposure
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  • 31
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    Programmed death of T cells in HIV-1 infection (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-07-10
    Description: In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, functional defects and deletion of antigen-reactive T cells are more frequent than can be explained by direct viral infection. On culturing, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals died as a result of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Apoptosis was enhanced by activation with CD3 antibodies. Programmed cell death, associated with impaired T cell reactivity, may thus be responsible for the deletion of reactive T cells that contributes to HIV-induced immunodeficiency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyaard, L -- Otto, S A -- Jonker, R R -- Mijnster, M J -- Keet, R P -- Miedema, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 10;257(5067):217-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1352911" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*pathology ; Antigens, CD/physiology ; Antigens, CD8/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology ; Cell Death/physiology ; Cell Division/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/physiology ; *Hiv-1 ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; T-Lymphocytes/*pathology ; Zinc/pharmacology
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  • 32
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    CDC seeks a sex policy (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):167.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1314420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/transmission ; *Health Policy ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Education ; *Sexual Behavior ; United States
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    The molecule of the year (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koshland, D E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 18;258(5090):1861.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1470903" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; *RNA, Antisense ; *Y Chromosome
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    Swallows and scorpionflies find symmetry is beautiful (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ridley, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 17;257(5068):327-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1631552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds ; Body Constitution ; Computer Simulation ; Diptera ; Face/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Odors ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Tail/anatomy & histology
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    Ice man: victim of prehistoric schnapps? (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McManus, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 18;258(5090):1867-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1296665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alcohol Drinking ; Animals ; Austria ; Death ; Ear ; Freezing ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Male ; *Mummies
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    X-ray laser microscopy of rat sperm nuclei (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-10-19
    Description: The development of high brightness and short pulse width (〈 200 picoseconds) x-ray lasers now offers biologists the possibility of high-resolution imaging of specimens in an aqueous environment without the blurring effects associated with natural motions and chemical erosion. As a step toward developing the capabilities of this type of x-ray microscopy, a tantalum x-ray laser at 44.83 angstrom wavelength was used together with an x-ray zone plate lens to image both unlabeled and selectively gold-labeled dried rat sperm nuclei. The observed images show approximately 500 angstrom features, illustrate the importance of x-ray microscopy in determining chemical composition, and provide information about the uniformity of sperm chromatin organization and the extent of sperm chromatin hydration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Da Silva, L B -- Trebes, J E -- Balhorn, R -- Mrowka, S -- Anderson, E -- Attwood, D T -- Barbee, T W Jr -- Brase, J -- Corzett, M -- Gray, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 9;258(5080):269-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Fractionation ; Cell Nucleus/*ultrastructure ; Chromatin/ultrastructure ; DNA/ultrastructure ; Epididymis/cytology ; Immunohistochemistry ; *Lasers ; Male ; Microscopy/*methods ; Rats ; Spermatozoa/*ultrastructure ; X-Rays
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    Stress-induced facilitation of classical conditioning (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-24
    Description: Stress has been shown to impair subsequent learning. To determine whether stress would impair classical conditioning, rats were exposed to inescapable, low-intensity tail shock and subsequently classically conditioned under freely moving conditions with a brief periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus and a white noise conditioned stimulus. Unexpectedly stressed rats exhibited significantly more conditioned eyeblink responses and the magnitude of their individual responses was also enhanced. These results stand in contrast to the learning deficits typically observed and suggest that stress can enhance the acquisition of discrete conditioned responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shors, T J -- Weiss, C -- Thompson, R F -- AG00093/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG05500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG05514/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 24;257(5069):537-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Princeton University, NJ 08544.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1636089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Blinking ; Conditioning, Classical/*physiology ; Corticosterone/blood ; Electromyography ; Electroshock ; Learning/physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
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    Measles battle loses potent weapon (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 23;258(5082):546-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1329205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Child ; *Developing Countries ; Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Male ; Measles/*prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine/*adverse effects ; Sex Factors ; United States ; World Health Organization
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    The human Y chromosome: a 43-interval map based on naturally occurring deletions (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-02
    Description: A deletion map of the human Y chromosome was constructed by testing 96 individuals with partial Y chromosomes for the presence or absence of many DNA loci. The individuals studied included XX males, XY females, and persons in whom chromosome banding had revealed translocated, deleted, isodicentric, or ring Y chromosomes. Most of the 132 Y chromosomal loci mapped were sequence-tagged sites, detected by means of the polymerase chain reaction. These studies resolved the euchromatic region (short arm, centromere, and proximal long arm) of the Y chromosome into 43 ordered intervals, all defined by naturally occurring chromosomal breakpoints and averaging less than 800 kilobases in length. This deletion map should be useful in identifying Y chromosomal genes, in exploring the origin of chromosomal disorders, and in tracing the evolution of the Y chromosome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vollrath, D -- Foote, S -- Hilton, A -- Brown, L G -- Beer-Romero, P -- Bogan, J S -- Page, D C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 2;258(5079):52-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Research Laboratories, Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; *Gene Deletion ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; *Y Chromosome
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    Deficient hippocampal long-term potentiation in alpha-calcium-calmodulin kinase II mutant mice (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-10
    Description: As a first step in a program to use genetically altered mice in the study of memory mechanisms, mutant mice were produced that do not express the alpha-calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II (alpha-CaMKII). The alpha-CaMKII is highly enriched in postsynaptic densities of hippocampus and neocortex and may be involved in the regulation of long-term potentiation (LTP). Such mutant mice exhibited mostly normal behaviors and presented no obvious neuroanatomical defects. Whole cell recordings reveal that postsynaptic mechanisms, including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function, are intact. Despite normal postsynaptic mechanisms, these mice are deficient in their ability to produce LTP and are therefore a suitable model for studying the relation between LTP and learning processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silva, A J -- Stevens, C F -- Tonegawa, S -- Wang, Y -- 5 R01 NS 12961-17/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 10;257(5067):201-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1378648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Southern ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA/analysis ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Learning/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Mutant Strains/*genetics ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Plasmids ; Protein Kinases/*deficiency/*physiology ; RNA/analysis ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Synapses/physiology ; Transfection
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    The skeletal muscle chloride channel in dominant and recessive human myotonia (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-07
    Description: Autosomal recessive generalized myotonia (Becker's disease) (GM) and autosomal dominant myotonia congenita (Thomsen's disease) (MC) are characterized by skeletal muscle stiffness that is a result of muscle membrane hyperexcitability. For both diseases, alterations in muscle chloride or sodium currents or both have been observed. A complementary DNA for a human skeletal muscle chloride channel (CLC-1) was cloned, physically localized on chromosome 7, and linked to the T cell receptor beta (TCRB) locus. Tight linkage of these two loci to GM and MC was found in German families. An unusual restriction site in the CLC-1 locus in two GM families identified a mutation associated with that disease, a phenylalanine-to-cysteine substitution in putative transmembrane domain D8. This suggests that different mutations in CLC-1 may cause dominant or recessive myotonia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koch, M C -- Steinmeyer, K -- Lorenz, C -- Ricker, K -- Wolf, F -- Otto, M -- Zoll, B -- Lehmann-Horn, F -- Grzeschik, K H -- Jentsch, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 7;257(5071):797-800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Center for Human Genetics, Marburg University, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1379744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blotting, Southern ; Chloride Channels ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Dominant ; *Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Ion Channels/*genetics ; Lod Score ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscular Dystrophies/*genetics ; Myotonia Congenita/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    Block of Ca2+ wave and Ca2+ oscillation by antibody to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in fertilized hamster eggs (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-10
    Description: The concentration of cytoplasmic free calcium (Ca2+) increases in various stimulated cells in a wave (Ca2+ wave) and in periodic transients (Ca2+ oscillations). These phenomena are explained by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced Ca2+ release (IICR) and Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) from separate intracellular stores, but decisive evidence is lacking. A monoclonal antibody to the IP3 receptor inhibited both IICR and CICR upon injection of IP3 and Ca2+ into hamster eggs, respectively. The antibody completely blocked sperm-induced Ca2+ waves and Ca2+ oscillations. The results indicate that Ca2+ release in fertilized hamster eggs is mediated solely by the IP3 receptor, and Ca(2+)-sensitized IICR, but not CICR, generates Ca2+ waves and Ca2+ oscillations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyazaki, S -- Yuzaki, M -- Nakada, K -- Shirakawa, H -- Nakanishi, S -- Nakade, S -- Mikoshiba, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 10;257(5067):251-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1321497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Channels ; Cricetinae ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fertilization/*physiology ; Immunoblotting ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors ; Male ; Ovum/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects/*physiology ; *Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; Ryanodine/pharmacology ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Time Factors
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    When does intellectual passion become conflict of interest? (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 31;257(5070):620-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; *Conflict of Interest ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Hypothalamus, Anterior/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Research/*standards
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    Less mortality but more relapses in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in CD8-/- mice (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-22
    Description: Mice lacking in CD8 were generated from homologous recombination in embryonal stem cells at the CD8 locus and bred with the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE)-susceptible PL/JH-2u through four backcross generations to investigate the role of CD8+ T cells in this model of multiple sclerosis. The disease onset and susceptibility were similar to those of wild-type mice. However, the mutant mice had a milder acute EAE, reflected by fewer deaths, but more chronic EAE, reflected by a higher frequency of relapse. This suggests that CD8+ T lymphocytes may participate as both effectors and regulators in this animal model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koh, D R -- Fung-Leung, W P -- Ho, A -- Gray, D -- Acha-Orbea, H -- Mak, T W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 22;256(5060):1210-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Hospital, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD8/*genetics/metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA Replication ; Death ; Disease Models, Animal ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology/*physiopathology ; Female ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Multiple Sclerosis/immunology/physiopathology ; Reference Values ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymidine/metabolism
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    Localization of targets for anti-ulcer drugs in cells of the immune system (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-12-04
    Description: The gastric mucosa consists of the epithelium, which lines the lumen, the lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. The targets of drugs used to treat stomach and duodenal ulcers are thought to be the acid-secreting parietal cells of the epithelium. However, immune cells in the lamina propria are the only cells that showed detectable messenger RNAs for histamine, muscarinic, gastrin, and dopamine receptors by in situ hybridization histochemistry. None of the epithelial cells expressed any of these messenger RNAs. Thus, the targets of antiulcer drugs seem to be cells of the immune system in the gut and not parietal cells, as generally believed. This conclusion may revise the thinking about ulcer formation and may shed light on the etiology of such chronic small intestinal diseases as Crohn's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mezey, E -- Palkovits, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 4;258(5088):1662-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1333642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Ulcer Agents/*pharmacology ; Duodenum/cytology/*drug effects/immunology ; Gastric Mucosa/*drug effects/immunology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intestinal Mucosa/*drug effects/immunology ; Macrophages/drug effects/immunology ; Male ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Stomach/cytology/*drug effects/immunology
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    DNA fingerprint matches (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sullivan, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 26;256(5065):1743-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1520396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Consanguinity ; *DNA Fingerprinting ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; United States
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    The evolution of sexes (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 17;257(5068):324-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1631551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryonic and Fetal Development/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Paramecium ; Plants ; Reproduction/*genetics ; *Sex
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    Prevalence of AIDS-related risk factors and condom use in the United States (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-11-13
    Description: A national probability survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related risk factors among the general heterosexual population, the National AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) Behavioral Surveys, has obtained data from 10,630 respondents. Data are presented on the prevalence of HIV-related risks in the general heterosexual population, on the distribution of the three largest risk groups across social strata, and on the prevalence and distribution of condom use among heterosexuals reporting a risk factor. Between 15 and 31 percent of heterosexuals nationally and 20 and 41 percent in cities with a high prevalence of AIDS reported an HIV risk factor. Condom use was relatively low. Only 17 percent of those with multiple sexual partners, 12.6 percent of those with risky sexual partners, and 10.8 percent of untested transfusion recipients used condoms all the time. Overall, the results suggest that current HIV prevention programs have, to a very limited extent, reached those heterosexuals with multiple sexual partners but have failed to reach many other groups of the heterosexual population at risk for HIV. New public health strategies may be needed for these specific risk groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Catania, J A -- Coates, T J -- Stall, R -- Turner, H -- Peterson, J -- Hearst, N -- Dolcini, M M -- Hudes, E -- Gagnon, J -- Wiley, J -- MH43892/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH46240/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 13;258(5085):1101-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Blood Transfusion ; *Condoms ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; HIV Seropositivity ; Health Surveys ; Hemophilia A/complications ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; Time Factors ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The human Y chromosome: overlapping DNA clones spanning the euchromatic region (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-02
    Description: The human Y chromosome was physically mapped by assembling 196 recombinant DNA clones, each containing a segment of the chromosome, into a single overlapping array. This array included more than 98 percent of the euchromatic portion of the Y chromosome. First, a library of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones was prepared from the genomic DNA of a human XYYYY male. The library was screened to identify clones containing 160 sequence-tagged sites and the map was then constructed from this information. In all, 207 Y-chromosomal DNA loci were assigned to 127 ordered intervals on the basis of their presence or absence in the YAC's, yielding ordered landmarks at an average spacing of 220 kilobases across the euchromatic region. The map reveals that Y-chromosomal genes are scattered among a patchwork of X-homologous, Y-specific repetitive, and single-copy DNA sequences. This map of overlapping clones and ordered, densely spaced markers should accelerate studies of the chromosome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foote, S -- Vollrath, D -- Hilton, A -- Page, D C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 2;258(5079):60-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Research Laboratories, Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1359640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Centromere ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Gene Library ; Genes, Fungal ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Sequence Homology ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; X Chromosome ; *Y Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Are chemists girl crazy? (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amato, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 10;257(5067):158-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1631542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chemical Industry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Ratio
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    DNA binding activity of recombinant SRY from normal males and XY females (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-24
    Description: The protein encoded by the human testis determining gene, SRY, contains a high mobility group (HMG) box related to that present in the T cell-specific, DNA-binding protein TCF-1. Recombinant SRY protein was able to bind to the same core sequence AACAAAG recognized by TCF-1 in a sequence dependent manner. In five XY females point mutations were found in the region encoding the HMG box. In four cases DNA binding activity of mutant SRY protein was negligible; in the fifth case DNA binding was reduced. These results imply that the DNA binding activity of SRY is required for sex determination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harley, V R -- Jackson, D I -- Hextall, P J -- Hawkins, J R -- Berkovitz, G D -- Sockanathan, S -- Lovell-Badge, R -- Goodfellow, P N -- MC_U117562207/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 24;255(5043):453-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1734522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Sex-Determining Region Y Protein ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 52
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    Identification of a second pseudoautosomal region near the Xq and Yq telomeres (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-12-11
    Description: The telomeres of Xq and Yq have been observed to associate during meiosis, and in rare cases a short synaptonemal complex is present. Molecular cloning of loci from Xqter and Yqter has revealed that their sequence homology extends over 400 kilobases, which suggests the possibility of genetic exchange. This hypothesis was tested by the development of two highly informative microsatellite markers from yeast artificial chromosome clones that carried Xqter sequences and the following of their inheritance in a set of reference pedigrees from the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain in Paris, France. From a total of 195 informative male meioses, four recombination events between these loci were observed. In three cases, paternal X alleles were inherited by male offspring, and in one case a female offspring inherited her father's Y allele. These data support the existence of genetic exchange at Xq-Yq, which defines a second pseudoautosomal region between the sex chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freije, D -- Helms, C -- Watson, M S -- Donis-Keller, H -- HG00100/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG00201/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 11;258(5089):1784-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1465614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Fungal ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; Factor VIII/genetics ; Female ; Gene Conversion ; Genetic Linkage ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Recombination, Genetic ; Rodentia ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Telomere/*physiology/ultrastructure ; *X Chromosome ; *Y Chromosome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Pasteur wants more HIV blood test royalties (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 14;255(5046):792.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1536003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*diagnosis ; Hematologic Tests/*economics ; Humans ; Male ; *Patents as Topic ; Scientific Misconduct
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Negative selection of precursor thymocytes before their differentiation into CD4+CD8+ cells (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-10-23
    Description: Thymic selection of the developing T cell repertoire is thought to occur at the CD4+CD8+ stage of differentiation and to be determined by the specificity of the T cell receptors (TCRs) that CD4+CD8+ thymocytes express. However, TCR signals can inhibit the differentiation of precursor thymocytes into CD4+CD8+ cells, which suggests that selection might occur earlier than thought. Indeed, in a negatively selecting male thymus, CD4-CD8lo precursor thymocytes that express a transgenic TCR to male antigen are developmentally arrested as a consequence of antigen encounter and fail to become CD4+CD8+. Thus, negative selection can occur before the CD4+CD8+ stage of differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takahama, Y -- Shores, E W -- Singer, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 23;258(5082):653-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1357752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/*immunology ; Antigens, CD8/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Cell Differentiation/immunology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology
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    B cells turn off virgin but not memory T cells (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-11-13
    Description: There are three possible outcomes when a T cell recognizes a cell bearing a self or foreign antigen. (i) The T cell is not sufficiently signaled and is unaffected. (ii) The T cell is activated. (iii) The T cell is turned off. The differentiation state of the T cell is critical to the outcome. Although both virgin and memory T cells can be activated by antigens presented by "professional" antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, they differ in their responses to B cells. Experienced T cells respond to antigen presented by B cells, whereas virgin T cells are rendered tolerant. These findings may relate to the phenomena of low- and high-zone tolerance, neonatal tolerance, and the beneficial effect of blood transfusions on allograft survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuchs, E J -- Matzinger, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 13;258(5085):1156-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Female ; H-Y Antigen/immunology ; *Immune Tolerance ; Immunization ; *Immunologic Memory ; Isoantigens/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Skin Transplantation ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    AIDS research shifts to immunity (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 10;257(5067):152-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1631539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/prevention & control ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; HIV/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunity, Innate ; Male ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Research Design ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Researchers call for time out on cell-transplant research (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 7;257(5071):738.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles/*transplantation ; Muscular Dystrophies/*surgery ; *Research
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    Positive control of pre-mRNA splicing in vitro (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-04-10
    Description: Positive control of the sex-specific alternative splicing of doublesex (dsx) precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) in Drosophila melanogaster involves the activation of a female-specific 3' splice site by the products of the transformer (tra) and transformer-2 (tra-2) genes. The mechanisms of this process were investigated in an in vitro system in which the female-specific 3' splice site could be activated by recombinant Tra or Tra-2 (or both). An exon sequence essential for regulation in vivo was shown to be both necessary and sufficient for activation in vitro. Nuclear proteins in addition to Tra and Tra-2 were found to bind specifically to this exon sequence. Therefore, Tra and Tra-2 may act by promoting the assembly of a multiprotein complex on the exon sequence. This complex may facilitate recognition of the adjacent 3' splice site by the splicing machinery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tian, M -- Maniatis, T -- GM42231/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):237-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Baculoviridae/genetics ; Binding Sites ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Exons ; Female ; Globins/genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Male ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Precursors/*genetics ; *RNA Splicing ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    The evolutionary convergence of hearing in a parasitoid fly and its cricket host (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-11-13
    Description: Parasitism is a widespread and diverse life strategy that connects species throughout the animal kingdom. Female parasitoid flies of the genus Ormia must find a specific cricket host on which to deposit their parasitic maggots. To reproduce, female flies must perform the same task as female crickets: find a singing male cricket. These flies have evolved a unique hearing organ that allows them to detect and locate singing male crickets. Through evolutionary convergence, these flies possess a hearing organ that much more resembles a cricket's ear than a typical fly's ear, allowing these parasitoids to take advantage of the sensory ecological niche of their host.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robert, D -- Amoroso, J -- Hoy, R R -- DC00103/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 13;258(5085):1135-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Diptera/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Ear/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Gryllidae/*parasitology ; *Hearing ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Sound ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Saltation and stasis: a model of human growth (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-10-30
    Description: Human growth has been viewed as a continuous process characterized by changing velocity with age. Serial length measurements of normal infants were assessed weekly (n = 10), semiweekly (n = 18), and daily (n = 3) (19 females and 12 males) during their first 21 months. Data show that growth in length occurs by discontinuous, aperiodic saltatory spurts. These bursts were 0.5 to 2.5 centimeters in amplitude during intervals separated by no measurable growth (2 to 63 days duration). These data suggest that 90 to 95 percent of normal development during infancy is growth-free and length accretion is a distinctly saltatory process of incremental bursts punctuating background stasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lampl, M -- Veldhuis, J D -- Johnson, M L -- DK 38942/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- KO4HD00634/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 30;258(5083):801-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Body Height ; Cephalometry ; Female ; *Growth ; Head/growth & development ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kinetics ; Male ; *Models, Biological
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    Human organ transplantation: background and consequences (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-06-05
    Description: The story of the renal transplant program of the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (now the Brigham and Women's Hospital) in Boston weaves together three distinct threads: the study of renal disease, the phenomenon of skin grafting in twins, and the development of surgical procedures ultimately leading to the use of chemical immunosuppression. The common leitmotiv is one of a single event or report proving to be decisive. Unanticipated consequences of successful human organ transplantation include the reorganization of clinical and nonclinical disciplines, national and international cooperation in organ preservation and distribution, tissue-typing as a marker for disease, redefinition of death in terms of brain function, better understanding of disease processes, and new health care quandaries that result from the scarcity of organ donors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murray, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 5;256(5062):1411-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1604314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Cadaver ; Female ; Human Body ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Skin Transplantation ; Tissue and Organ Procurement ; *Transplantation/methods ; Transplantation, Homologous
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    Overexpression of a transporter gene in a multidrug-resistant human lung cancer cell line (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-12-04
    Description: The doxorubicin-selected lung cancer cell line H69AR is resistant to many chemotherapeutic agents. However, like most tumor samples from individuals with this disease, it does not overexpress P-glycoprotein, a transmembrane transport protein that is dependent on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is associated with multidrug resistance. Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones corresponding to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) overexpressed in H69AR cells were isolated. One cDNA hybridized to an mRNA of 7.8 to 8.2 kilobases that was 100- to 200-fold more expressed in H69AR cells relative to drug-sensitive parental H69 cells. Overexpression was associated with amplification of the cognate gene located on chromosome 16 at band p13.1. Reversion to drug sensitivity was associated with loss of gene amplification and a marked decrease in mRNA expression. The mRNA encodes a member of the ATP-binding cassette transmembrane transporter superfamily.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cole, S P -- Bhardwaj, G -- Gerlach, J H -- Mackie, J E -- Grant, C E -- Almquist, K C -- Stewart, A J -- Kurz, E U -- Duncan, A M -- Deeley, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 4;258(5088):1650-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research Laboratories, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1360704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 ; Doxorubicin/*pharmacology ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Lung/physiology ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; P-Glycoprotein ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Testis/physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Cell-transplant results under fire (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 24;257(5069):472-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1636079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Foundations/economics ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles/*transplantation ; Muscular Dystrophies/*surgery ; Research/*standards ; Research Support as Topic ; Scientific Misconduct ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A comprehensive genetic linkage map of the human genome. NIH/CEPH Collaborative Mapping Group (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-02
    Description: A genetic linkage map of the human genome was constructed that consists of 1416 loci, including 279 genes and expressed sequences. The loci are represented by 1676 polymorphic systems genotyped with the CEPH reference pedigree resource. A total of 339 microsatellite repeat markers assayed by PCR are contained within the map, and of the 351 markers with heterozygosities of at least 70%, 205 are microsatellites. Seven telomere loci define physical and genetic endpoints for 2q, 4p, 7q, 8p, 14q, 16p, and 16q, and in other cases distal markers on the maps have been localized to terminal cytogenetic bands. Therefore, at least 92% of the autosomal length of the genome and 95% of the X chromosome is estimated to be spanned by the map. Since the maps have relatively high marker density and numerous highly informative loci, they can be used to map disease phenotypes, even for those with limited pedigree resources. The baseline map provides a foundation for achieving continuity of clone-based physical maps and for the development of a truly integrated physical, genetic, and cytogenetic map of the human.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉HD24605/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HG00373/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG00461/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 2;258(5079):67-86.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human ; DNA, Satellite ; Female ; *Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A comprehensive genetic linkage map of the human genome. NIH/CEPH Collaborative Mapping Group (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 2;258(5079):148-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1359639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A new discipline probes suicide's multiple causes (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 26;256(5065):1761-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1615320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Serotonin/deficiency ; Sex Factors ; *Suicide/psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Expression directed from HIV long terminal repeats in the central nervous system of transgenic mice (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-12-11
    Description: Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is frequently accompanied by the AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) dementia complex. The role of specific HIV genetic elements in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) disease is not clear. Transgenic mice were constructed that contained the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of two CNS-derived strains and a T cell tropic strain of HIV-1. Only mice generated with CNS-derived LTRs directed expression in the CNS, particularly in neurons. Thus, some strains of HIV-1 have a selective advantage for gene expression in the brain, and neurons can supply the cellular factors necessary for their transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corboy, J R -- Buzy, J M -- Zink, M C -- Clements, J E -- AI27297/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI28748/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NS07000/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 11;258(5089):1804-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Comparative Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1465618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Central Nervous System/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *HIV Long Terminal Repeat ; HIV-1/*genetics ; Intestine, Small/physiology ; Lung/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Mice, Transgenic ; Ocular Physiological Phenomena ; Organ Specificity ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/physiology ; Thymus Gland/physiology ; beta-Galactosidase/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The linguistic basis of left hemisphere specialization (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-06
    Description: In humans the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain are functionally specialized with the left hemisphere predominantly mediating language skills. The basis of this lateralization has been proposed to be differential localization of the linguistic, the motoric, or the symbolic properties of language. To distinguish among these possibilities, lateralization of spoken language, signed language, and nonlinguistic gesture have been compared in deaf and hearing individuals. This analysis, plus additional clinical findings, support a linguistic basis of left hemisphere specialization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corina, D P -- Vaid, J -- Bellugi, U -- DC00146/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- DC00201/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- HD12349/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 6;255(5049):1258-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1546327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Deafness ; Female ; Functional Laterality/*physiology ; Gestures ; Humans ; *Language ; Male ; Sign Language ; Speech
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    No trial to come in Florida dentist case (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 14;255(5046):787.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1536000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*etiology ; HIV/genetics ; Humans ; Insurance, Dental ; *Liability, Legal ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Twin study links genes to homosexuality (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 3;255(5040):33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1553528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Nuclear Family ; *Twins ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    In vivo calcium elevations in thymocytes with T cell receptors that are specific for self ligands (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-03
    Description: Selection of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in the thymus probably involves TCR-mediated signals transduced in developing thymocytes after interaction with thymic stromal cells bearing self ligands. TCR-transduced signals should have identifiable consequences that would distinguish thymocytes whose TCRs have been engaged by self ligands from those whose TCRs have not. Among thymocytes expressing a transgenic TCR of defined specificity, a large number had elevated intracellular calcium concentrations but only when resident in a negatively selecting thymus in which their self ligand was expressed. Thus, developing thymocytes are stimulated by endogenous ligands in vivo to mobilize intracellular calcium, and increased intracellular calcium concentrations may reflect the consequences of intrathymic signaling associated with thymic negative selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakayama, T -- Ueda, Y -- Yamada, H -- Shores, E W -- Singer, A -- June, C H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 3;257(5066):96-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1621102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Antigens, CD8/analysis ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics/*physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; *Signal Transduction ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*physiology ; Thymus Gland/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stagnation in the decline of the world population growth rate during the 1980s (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-07
    Description: The world human population growth rate after World War II passed through three phases: the rise in the 1950s and 1960s, the fall (though still at a positive level) in the 1970s, and the plateau in the 1980s. The rise was produced by the global decline in death rates, the fall was mainly due to the reduction of fertility in a number of developing countries, and the stagnation of growth rate decline was attributable to three major factors. First, substantial fertility declines started around 1970 and stalled around 1980 in both China and India. Second, the age structure of population changed in favor of higher birth rates. Third, although fertility started to decline significantly around 1970 mainly in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America, few countries have begun fertility declines since then. Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia have not started substantial fertility reductions, deepening the gap between developing countries that are moving to lower fertility levels and those that are left behind.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horiuchi, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 7;257(5071):761-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021-6399.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Birth Rate/trends ; Demography ; Female ; Fertility ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality/trends ; *Population Growth
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Possible evolutionary role explored for "jumping genes" (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Travis, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 14;257(5072):884-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1323876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Blood Proteins/genetics ; Chromosomes/physiology ; Complement C4 ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Diptera/genetics ; Gene Expression ; *Genes ; Male ; Mice ; Plants/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Barbary macaques challenge theory of female choice (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 17;257(5068):329-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1631553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Macaca ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Congress focuses on job discrimination (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 3;257(5066):23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1621089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Politics ; *Prejudice ; *Science ; Sexual Behavior ; United States ; *Women's Rights
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    Genetic linkage evidence for a familial Alzheimer's disease locus on chromosome 14 (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-23
    Description: Linkage analysis was used to search the genome for chromosomal regions harboring familial Alzheimer's disease genes. Markers on chromosome 14 gave highly significant positive lod scores in early-onset non-Volga German kindreds; a Zmax of 9.15 (theta = 0.01) was obtained with the marker D14S43 at 14q24.3. One early-onset family yielded a lod score of 4.89 (theta = 0.0). When no assumptions were made about age-dependent penetrance, significant results were still obtained (Zmax = 5.94, theta = 0.0), despite the loss of power to detect linkage under these conditions. Results for the Volga German families were either negative or nonsignificant for markers in this region. Thus, evidence indicates a familial Alzheimer's disease locus on chromosome 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schellenberg, G D -- Bird, T D -- Wijsman, E M -- Orr, H T -- Anderson, L -- Nemens, E -- White, J A -- Bonnycastle, L -- Weber, J L -- Alonso, M E -- AG08017/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HG00248/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01MH43240/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 23;258(5082):668-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; Female ; Genetic Linkage/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes/genetics ; Pedigree
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    NO news is good news (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-12-28
    Description: A startlingly simple molecule unites neuroscience, physiology, and immunology, and revises scientists' understanding of how cells communicate and defend themselves.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, E -- Koshland, D E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 18;258(5090):1862-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1361684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Cell Communication ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; *Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; Penile Erection ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Catalytic/*metabolism ; Sexual Behavior ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; *Y Chromosome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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