ALBERT

Note: Oglavlenie: Vvedenie. - 1. Obyknovennyj mineral s neobyčnymi svojstvami. - 2. Sfera snega i l'da. - 3. Moroznyj sloj atmosfery. - 4. Beloe pokryvalo planety. - 5. Snežnaja krugovert'. - 6. Snežnyj pokrov upravljaet klimatom. - 7. Massy snega na gornych sklonach. - 8. Udary po dniščam dolin. - 9. Lavinnye sobaki i sverchzvukovye samolety. - 10. Ataki l'da na rekach. - 11. Amnunna, Taryny, Naledi. - 12. L'dy pod zemlej. - 13. Po vole vetrov. - 14. - Ledovyj režim poljarnych morej. - 15. Večnye snega v podnebes'e gor. - 16. Bor'ba židkoj i tverdoj vody. - 17. Večnoe dviženie lednikov. - 18. V logove ledjanogo medvedja. - 19. Laboratorija veličinoj s kontinent. - 20. Global'nye izmenenija v "zerkale" ledjanogi kerna. - 21. Vzaimodejstvie lednikov i okeana. - 22. Prošlye oledenenija zemli. - 23. Bereč' i priumnožat' resursy snega i l'da. - 24. Buduščee prirodnoj sredy i gljaciologičeskij prognoz. - Spisok ispol'zovannoj literatury. , In kyrill. Schr.

Note: Front Cover; Advances in Geophysics, Volume 35; Copyright Page; Contents; Chapter 1. Seismological Constraints on the Velocity Structure and Fate of Subducting Lithospheric Slabs: 25 Years of Progress; 1. Introduction; 2. General Characterization of Slab and Wedge Structures; 3. Travel Time Pattern Constraints on Slab Velocity Structure; 4. Tomographical Imaging of Slab Velocity Structure; 5. Slab Boundaries: Converted and Reflected Phases; 6. Focusing, Multipathing, and Diffraction Effects of Slab Structure; 7. Future Directions in Slab Imaging and Summary; References; Index;.

Note: Table of Contents: 1. Data description. - Origin. - Changes in Operational Analysis Systems. - Geopotential grid processing. - Temperature, wind and wave flux calculations. - 2. Statistical calculations. - 3. References. - 4. Results. - Monthly average meridional cross sections. - Means and variances of zonal mean winds, temperatures and wave fluxes, plus stationary and transient wave statistics. - Hemispheric polar projections for January, April, July and October. - Mean geopotential height, temperature, wind speed and daily geopotential variance maps for 700, 500, 300, 100, 50, 10 and 1 mb. - Ensemble average latitude-time diagrams. - Zonal mean winds and temperatures, and stationary and transient eddy geopotential height, temperature and wave flux quantities. - Ensemble average height-time diagrams. - Zonal mean winds and temperatures, and stationary and transient eddy geopotential heights and temperatures. - Latitude-time and height-time diagrams of zonal winds and rms geopotential, height wave amplitudes for individual years 1979-1990. - Tables of monthly mean temperatures and zonal winds.

Note: Table of Contents: Preface. - Why Learn UNIX?. - How to Use This Book. - A Word About UNIX Versions. - Conventions Used in This Handbook. - Chapter 1 Introduction to the UNIX Operating System. - Logging In to UNIX. - UNIX Commands. - The UNIX File System. - Files and Filenames. - The File System's Structure. - Simple Commands for Working with Files. - Simple Commands for Working with Directories. - Wildcards. - File Access Permission. - Standard Input and Output. - Pipes. - Controlling Execution. - Stopping Programs. - Foreground and Background. - Running a Job at a Later Time. - Shell Programs. - Command Line Arguments. - Shell Variables. - Loops. - Conditionals. - Shell Customization. - Environment Variables. - Shell Variables. - Aliases. - Other Basic Tools. - Standard UNIX Documentation. - Online Help. - Chapter 2 Creating a FORTRAN Program with vi. - Invoking vi. - Retrieving Backup Versions. - Modes. - Text Mode. - Command Mode. - Moving Within a File. - Adding and Deleting Text. - Search Operations. - Moving Blocks of Text-Named Buffers. - Saving and Exiting. - Editing and Inserting Other Files. - Executing UNIX Commands from vi. - Other Features. - Options. - Pattern Matching. - Chapter 3 Compiling and Linking FORTRAN Programs. - FORTRAN Compilation. - Libraries. - Output Files. - make and the Compiler. - Compilation Options. - The Preprocessor. - Preprocessor Statements. - File Inclusion. - Conditional Compilation. - Comments. - Summary of Preprocessor Statements. - Assembling a FORTRAN Program. - Invoking the Assembler. - Linking FORTRAN Programs. - Invoking Id. - Linker Options. - Error Messages. - Creating Libraries. - Chapter 4 FORTRAN Working Environment. - FORTRAN I/O. - Default Filenames. - FORTRAN I/O Initialization. - Simple Character I/O. - File System Information. - Tape I/O. - UNIX System Calls and Functions. - Command Line Arguments. - Accessing the Environment. - Timing. - Mathematical Routines. - Executing UNIX Commands. - System Error Handling. - Installing Local Programs. - Chapter 5 Debugging FORTRAN Programs. - Source-level Debugging with dbx. - Compilation for dbx. - Starting dbx. - Basic dbx Commands. - Current File and Current Function. - Definitions and Conventions. - Advanced Features. - Debugging at the Assembly Level with adb. - Invoking adb. - adb Commands. - Executing a Program Under adb. - Working with Subroutines and Functions. - Working with Common Blocks. - Modifying Values. - Some Hints. - Chapter 6 Automatic Compilation with make. - Creating a makefile. - Dependencies. - Abbreviations and Macros. - Search Directories. - Default Compilation Rules. - Invoking make. - Convenient Flags. - make and RCS. - A Note on Source Files. - Error Messages. - Some Final Notes. - Chapter 7 Source Management with RCS. - Revision Trees. - Basic Operations. - RCS Directories and Files. - The Revision Log. - Identification Strings. - Strict Access. - More About Checking In. - New and Old Generations. - Other Features. - States. - Names. - Changing a File's Description. - Access Lists. - Chapter 8 Program Timing and Profiling. - Simple Timings. - Introduction to Profiling. - Preparing a Program for Profiling. - Name Handling. - Generating a Profile with gprof. - Interpreting a Profile from gprof. - The Flat Profile. - The Call Graph Profile. - Profiling with prof. - Appendix A Extensions and Oddities: UNIX Compatibility Issues. - UNIX FORTRAN Compilers. - UNIX Extensions. - Data Types. - Constants. - Tab Formatting. - File Inclusion. - I/O Extensions. - Intrinsic Functions. - Extensions to Avoid. - Quirks. - Save Status and Zero Initialization. - Common Block Padding. - Argument Matching. - Capitalization. - Listings. - Miscellaneous. - Appendix B Programs Mixing FORTRAN and C. - Calling C Procedures from FORTRAN. - Naming. - Arguments to Procedures. - Appendix C Data Representations. - Data Representations. - Storage Layout. - Integer Representation. - Logicals. - Floating-Point Numbers. - Single Precision (REAL, REAL*4). - Double Precision. - COMPLEX. - Error Conditions. - Appendix D UNIX Error Numbers and Signals. - General UNIX Error Numbers. - FORTRAN-Specific Error Numbers. - Signals. - Index.

Note: In kyrill. Schr.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort. - I. Kapitel: Grundbegriffe und Größenordnungen. - 1. Atmosphäre. - 2. Klimasystem. - 3. Zeitliche Größenordnungen. - 4. Scale-Begriff. - 5. Klimadefinitionen. - II. Kapitel: Klimaelemente und Beobachtungssystem. - 1. Temperatur. - 2. Feuchte. - 3. Niederschlag. - 4. Druck. - 5. Wind. - 6. Bewölkung. - 7. Globales Beobachtungssystem. - III. Kapitel: Physikalische Grundlagen. - 1. Astronomische Grundlagen. - 2. Strahlungs- und Wärmehaushalt. - 3. Tief- und Hochdruckgebiet. - 4. Luftbewegung. - 5. Wolken- und Niederschlagsbildung. - IV. Kapitel: Atmosphärische Zirkulation1. Begriff der Zirkulation. - 2. Planetarische Zirkulation. - 3. Regionale Zirkulation. - V. Kapitel: Feldverteilungen der Klimaelemente. - 1. Druck und Wind . - 2. Temperatur. - 3. Niederschlag. - VI. Kapitel: Klimasynopsis. - 1. Allgemeine Aspekte. - 2. Spezielle Klimabegriffe. - 3. Klimadiagramme. - 4. Klimaklassifikationen. - 5. Klimamodelle. - VII. Kapitel: Natürliche Klimaänderungen. - 1. Grundprobleme. - 2. Informationsquellen. - 3. Klimageschichte. - VIII. Kapitel: Anthropogene Klimabeeinflussung. - 1. Stadtklima. - 2. Verstärkung des "Treibhauseffekts". - 3. Stratosphärischer Ozonabbau. - 4. Konsequenzen. - Literaturangaben. - Register.

Note: Univ., Diplomarbeit--Bochum, 1992

Note: Univ., Diplomarbeit--Bochum, 1992

Note: Contents: CHAPTER 1 ROLE OF PROBABILITY METHODS IN POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING ; CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTS AND THEOREMS OF PROBABILITY ; CHAPTER 3 RANDOM VARIABLES ; CHAPTER 4 FUNCTIONS OF RANDOM VARIABLES ; CHAPTER 5 STOCHASTIC PROCESSES ; CHAPTER 6 DECISION ANALYSIS ; CHAPTER 7 RELIABILITY ; CHAPTER 8 PROBABILISTIC STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS ; CHAPTER 9 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION, AND REPLACEMENT ; CHAPTER 10 PROBABILISTIC LOAD-FLOW STUDIES ; CHAPTER 11 PROBABILISTIC SHORT-CIRCUIT ANALYSIS ; CHAPTER 12 PROBABILISTIC POWER SYSTEM STABILITY ; CHAPTER 13 MONTE CARLO SIMULATION ; CHAPTER 14 ELEMENTS OF ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort. - Einleitung. - Transliteration. - DDR-Wissenschaftler in der Antarktis. - 1. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 5. SAE (1959-61). - 2. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 6. SAE (1960-62). - 3. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 7. SAE (1961-63). - 4. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 8. SAE (1962-64). - 5. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 10. SAE (1964-66). - 6. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 13. SAE (1967-69). - 7. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 14. SAE (1968-70). - 8. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 17. SAE (1971-73). - 9. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 19. SAE (1973-75). - 10. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 20. SAE (1974-76). - 11. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 21. SAE (1975-77). - 12. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 22. SAE (1976-78). - 13. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 23. SAE (1977-79). - 14. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 24. SAE (1978-80). - 15. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 25. SAE (1979-81). - 16. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 26. SAE (1980-82). - 17. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 27. SAE (1981-83). - 18. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 28. SAE (1982-84). - 19. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 29. SAE (1983-85). - 20. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 30. SAE (1984-86). - 21. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 31. SAE (1985-87). - 22. DDR-Antarktis-Expeditionsgruppe bei der 32. SAE (1986-88). - DDR-Gastforscher bei der 33. SAE (1987-1989). - 1. Antarktis-Expedition der DDR 1987-1989. - 2. Antarktis-Expedition der DDR 1988-1990. - DDR-Gastforscher bei der 34. SAE (1988-1990). - Zeitplan. - Postwertzeichen, Poststempel und philatelistische Drucksachen. - Briefmarken zum Thema DDR-Antarktisforschung. - Ganzsachen zum Thema DDR-Antarktisforschung. - Sonderstempel zum Thema DDR-Antarktisforschung. - Sonderbriefumschläge zum Thema DDR-Antarktisforschung. - Postgebühren. - Nichtpostalische Zusatzstempel. - Verzeichnis der Antarktisstationen. - Abkürzungsverzeichnis. - Literatur- und Quellennachweis.

Note: Contents: XVth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Paris, 19-20 October 1989. Recommendation XV-1. Comprehensive measures for the protection of the Antarctic environment and dependent and associated ecosystems. - Opening statement by the President of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) / R. M. Laws. - Presentation by the President of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) / R. M. Laws. - Report on the XIth Antarctic Treaty Special Consultative Meeting by the SCAR observer / W. N. Bonner. - Interim Report of the XIth Antarctic Treaty Special Consultative Meeting.

Note: Stuttgart: Kosmos; Frankh [in Komm.] (1958). 78 S.m.Abb.〈br〉([Kosmos.Ges.Ges.d. Naturfreunde.] Kosmos Bibliothek. 219.)

Note: Contents: Introduction. - 1 Atmosphere: Origin, Composition, and Structure. - Understanding the Atmosphere. - Evolution of the Atmosphere. - Probing the Atmosphere. - Temperature Profile of the Atmosphere. - The Ionosphere and the Aurora. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: The Martian Atmosphere. - Special Topic: The Ionosphere and Radio Transmission. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 2 Radiation. - Electromagnetic Radiation. - Radiation Laws. - Input of Solar Radiation. - Solar Radiation and the Atmosphere. - The Ozone Shield. - Solar Radiation and the Earth's Surface. - Solar Radiation Budget. - Infrared Response and the Greenhouse Effect. - Radiation Measurement. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Why Is the Sky Blue?. - Special Topic: The Hazards of Sunbathing. - Weather Fact: Greenhouse Effect on Mars and Venus. - Mathematical Note: Blackbody Radiation Laws. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 3 Heat and Temperature. - Distinguishing Heat and Temperature. - Temperature Scales. - Temperature Measurement. - Heat Units. - Transport of Heat. - Specific Heat. - Heating and Cooling Degree-days. - Windchill. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Temperature and Human Comfort. - Special Topic: Temperature and Crop Yields. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 4 Heat Imbalances and Weather. - Heat Imbalance: Atmosphere Versus Earth's Surface. - Heat Imbalance: Variation by Latitude. - Weather: Response to Heat Imbalances. - Variation of Air Temperature. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: The Unique Thermal Properties of Water. - Special Topic: Solar Power. - Weather Fact: Why Mountaintops Are Cold. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions . - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 5 Air Pressure. - Defining Air Pressure. - Pressure Balance. - Variation with Altitude. - Horizontal Variations. - Highs and Lows. - Air Pressure Measurement. - Pressure Units. - The Gas Law. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Human Response to Changes in Air Pressure. - Special Topic: Altimetry. - Mathematical Note: The Gas Law. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 6 Humidity and Stability. - The Hydrologic Cycle. - How Humid Is It?. - The Saturation Concept. - Relative Humidity. - Humidification. - Humidity Measurement. - Achieving Saturation. - Atmospheric Stability. - Lifting Processes. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Humidity and Human Comfort. - Special Topic: Clouds by Mixing. - Weather Fact: The Rainiest Place on Earth. - Mathematical Note: Energy Conservation and the Dry Adiabatic Process. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 7 Dew, Frost, Fog, and Clouds. - Low-Level Saturation Processes. - Cloud Development. - Classification of Clouds. - Unusual Clouds. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Freeze Prevention. - Special Topic: Jack Frost and Autumn Color. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 8 Precipitation, Weather Modification, and Atmospheric Optics. - Precipitation Processes. - Forms of Precipitation. - Precipitation Measurement. - Weather Modification. - Atmospheric Optics. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: When Is It Too Cold or Too Warm to Snow?. - Special Topic: Mirages. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 9 The Wind. - The Forces. - Joining Forces. - Continuity of Wind. - Scales of Weather Systems. - Wind Pressure. - Wind Measurement. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Wind Power. - Special Topic: Wind Gusts, Wind Shear, and Atmospheric Stability. - Weather Fact: The Windiest Place on Earth. - Mathematical Note: Geostrophic and Gradient Winds. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 10 Planetary-Scale Circulation. - Idealized Circulation Pattern. - Pressure Systems and Wind Belts. - Upper-Air Westerlies. - El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). - Conclusions. - Special Topic: The ENSO Event of 1982-83. - Mathematical Note: The Polar Front and the Midlatitude Jet Stream. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 11 Air Masses, Fronts, Cyclones, and Anticyclones by Patrìda M. Pauley. - Air Masses. - Frontal Weather. - Midlatitude Cyclones. - Anticyclones. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: The Case of the Missing Storm. - Mathematical Note: Vorticity. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 12 Local and Regional Circulation Systems. - Monsoons. - Land and Sea (or Lake) Breezes. - Lake-Effect Snows. - Heat Island Circulation. - Katabatic Winds. - Chinook Winds. - Desert Winds. - Mountain and Valley Breezes. - Conclusion. - Special Topic: Monsoon Failure and Drought in Sub-Saharan Africa. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 13 Thunderstorms. - Thunderstorm Life Cycle. - Thunderstorm Genesis. - Geographical Distribution. - Severe Thunderstorms. - Thunderstorm Hazards. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Lightning Safety. - Special Topic: Hail Suppression. - Weather Fact: The Rumble of Thunder. - Key Terms. - Summary Statement. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 14 Tornadoes. - Tornado Characteristics. - Distribution of Tornadoes. - Hazards of Tornadoes. - The F-Scale. - The Tornado-Thunderstorm Connection. - Tornado Look-Alikes. - Weather Radar. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Wind Profilers. - Weather Fact: Tornado Oddities. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 15 Hurricanes. - Hurricane Characteristics. - Distribution of Hurricanes. - Hazards of Hurricanes. - Life Cycle of Tropical Storms. - Hurricane Threat to the Southeast. - Hurricane Modification. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Atlantic Hurricanes and West African Rainfall. - Weather Fact: Naming Hurricanes. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 16 Weather Analysis and Forecasting. - World Meteorological Organization. - Acquisition of Weather Data. - Meteorology by Satallite. - Data Depiction on Weather Maps. - Weather Prediction. - Communication and Dissemination. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Weather Proverbs: Fact or Fiction?. - Special Topic: Aviation Weather Hazards. - Mathematical Note: Some Orbital Characteristics of Weather Satellites. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 17 Air Pollution Meteorology. - Air Pollutants. - Air Pollution Episodes. - Air Pollution's Impact on Weather. - The Ozone Shield. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Principal Air Pollutants. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 18 World Climates. - Describing Climate. - Climate Controls. - Global Patterns of Climate. - Climate Classification. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: 1816, The Year Without a Summer?. - Special Topic: Agroclimatic Compensation: The Be

Note: Zugl.: Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss. , Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abbildungsverzeichnis. - Tabellenverzeichnis. - Vorwort. - 1. Einleitung. - 1.1 Problemstellung und Ziel. - 1.2 Bevölkerungsentwicklung im Großraum Monterrey. - 1.3 Geographische und morphologische Übersicht. - 1.4 Lage des Arbeitsgebietes. - 2. Geologisch-tektonischer Überblick. - 2.1 Bisherige geologische Erkundung. - 2.2 Tektonik und Paläogeographie. - 3. Stratigraphie. - 3.1 Ober-Jura. - 3.1.1 Minas Viejas-Formation (Oxford/Kimmeridge). - 3.1.2 Zuloaga-Formation (Kimmeridge). - 3.1.3 La Casita-Formation (Kimmeridge/Unter-Berrias). - 3.2 Kreide. - 3.2.1 Taraises-Formation (Berrias/Unter-Hauterive). - 3.2.2 Cupido-Formation (Mittel-Hauterive/Mittel-Apt). - 3.2.3 La Peña-Formation (Ober-Apt). - 3.2.4 Aurora-Formation (Unter-Alb). - 3.2.5 Cuesta del Cura-Formation (Ober-Alb/Unter-Turon). - 3.2.6 Agua Nueva-Formation (Unter-Turon/Mittel-Turon). - 3.2.7 San Felipe-Formation (Coniac/Santon). - 3.2.8 Mendez-Formation (Campan/Maastricht). - 4. Homogenbereiche in Fest- und Lockergesteinen. - 4.1 Homogenbereiche in FestgesteinenfSchichtenfolge des Mesozoikums. - 4.1.1 Karbonatische Gesteine. - 4.1.2 Karbonatische Gesteine mit tonig-mergeligen Zwischenlagerungen. - 4.1.3. Tonig-mergelige Gesteine. - 4.2 Homogenbereiche in Lockergesteinen/Quartär. - 4.2.1 Genetische Gliederung der Lockergesteine. - 4.2.1.1 Kolluvium. - 4.2.1.2 Derrubium. - 4.2.1.3 Proluvium (Kegelschutt). - 4.2.1.4 Alluvium. - 4.2.2 Gliederung nach dem Kornaufbau. - 4.2.2.1 Brekzien. - 4.2.2.2 Blockströme. - 4.2.2.3 Blockschutt (〉 2m ⌀), miteinander in Kontakt. - 4.2.2.4 Blockschutt mit Blöcken 〉 2 m ⌀ in Grundmasse von eckigen Komponenten in Stein- bis Sandkorngröße "schwimmend". - 4.2.2.5 Blockschutt mit weitgestufter Korngrößenverteilung (Sandkorn- bis Blockgröße 〈 2 m ⌀). - 4.2.2.6 Steine, Kies und Sand (Hangschutt). - 4.2.2.7 Pelitische Sedimentation vor undräniertem Straßendamm (Schluff, Feuchtgebiet). - 5. Geologisch-klimatologische Grundlagen zur Bewertung der Hangstabilität. - 5.1 Ingenieurgeologische Kartierungen. - 5.2 Tektonische Elemente des Arbeitsgebietes. - 5.3 Geomorphologie. - 5.4 Klima. - 5.5 Hydrologie des Großraumes Monterrey. - 5.6 Hurrikans. - 5.6.1 Entstehung von Hurrikans. - 5.6.2 Hurrikan "GILBERTO". - 6. Böschungsstabilität. - 6.1 Grundsatzüberlegung. - 6.1.1 Autochthon. - 6.1.2 Parautochthon (Hakenschlagen). - 6.1.3 Allochthon. - 6.2 Massenbewegungen. - 6.2.1 Alte Kriechmasse im Zentralteil des Kartiergebietes. - 6.2.2 Entwässerungsnetz im Arbeitsgebiet und innerhalb der alten Kriechmasse. - 6.2.3 Allgemeine Ursachen der Hangbewegung im Kartiergebiet. - 6.3 Anthropogene Beeinträchtigungen der Böschungsstabilität und unzweckmäßige Baumaßnahmen. - 6.3.1 Bisherige Gründungsmethoden. - 6.3.2 Rodungen und Blockstürze. - 6.3.3 Regenwasser-Ableitungen. - 6.3.4 Bautechnische Mängel. - 6.3.5 Massenbewegungen im Fels durch starke Niederschläge. - 6.3.5.1 Klassifizierung von Hanggleitungen. - 6.3.5.2 Massenbewegungen in Tonsteinen der Méndez-Formation. - 6.3.5.3 Massenbewegungen in den Karbonatgesteinen mit tonig-mergeliger Zwischenlagerung. - 6.4 Standsicherheitsberechnungen. - 6.4.1 Zweck und Ziel der Berechnungen. - 6.4.2 Mechanik und Geometrie von Kriechbewegungen und Rutschmassen. - 6.4.3 Berechnungsverfahren. - 6.4.4 Tiefe der Gleitfläche. - 6.4.5 Standsicherheitsberechnungen für die große Kriechmasse (im mittleren Bereich des Kartiergebietes). - 6.4.5.1 Berechnungsansatz nach JANBU und Wahl der Kennwerte. - 6.4.5.2 Ergebnisse. - 7. Geologische Risiken und Empfehlungen für das Gebiet Chipinque. - 7.1 Zone 1: Flache Hänge, 〈 5° Neigung (Proluviurn). - 7.1.1 Risiken. - 7.1.2 Empfehlungen. - 7.2 Zone 2: Hänge, 5-15° Neigung, Schutt unverfestigt. - 7.2.1 Risiken. - 7.2.2 Empfehlungen. - 7.3 Zone 3: Hänge 〉 15° Neigung; Schutt aus allochthonen Fels- und Lockergesteinsmassen; lokale Rutsch- oder Kriechzonen. - 7.3.1 Risiken. - 7.3.2 Empfehlungen. - 7.4 Zone 4: Hänge meist 〉 15° Neigung in Tongesteinen der Méndez-Formation. - 7.4.1 Risiken. - 7.4.2 Empfehlungen. - 7.5 Zone 5: Autochthone Gipfelregion. - 7.5.1 Risiken. - 7.5.2 Empfehlungen. - 7.6 Zone 6: Erosionsrinnen. - 7.6.1 Risiken. - 7.6.2 Empfehlungen. - 7.7 Allgemeine Empfehlungen für eine Besiedlung der Steilhänge im Raum Monterrey. - 8. Zusammenfassung/Resumen. - 9. Literaturverzeichnis. - Anlagen. - Anlage 1: Geologische Karte 1:10.000 San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León (Chipinque). - Anlage 1a: A-B Geologischer Profilschnitt. - Anlage 1b: C-D Geologischer Profilschnitt. - Anlage 1b': C-D Geologischer Profilschnitt. - Anlage 2: Karte der Massenbewegungen 1:10.000. - Anlage 3: Geologische Risikokarte 1:10.000. - Anlage 4: Geologische Karte 1:40.000 (Monterrey). - Anlage 4a: A-B Geologischer Profilschnitt. - Anlage 5: Tektonische Übersicht (Monterrey). - Anlage 6: Geologische Karte 1:20.000 (San Pedro Garza García). - Anlage 7: Aufschlusskarte 1:10.000.

Note: Zugl.: Karlsruhe, Univ., Diss., 1992 , Inhalt: 1. Einleitung und Zielsetzung. - 2. Das Untersuchungsgebiet. - 2.1. Lage des Untersuchungsgebiets. - 2.2. Geologische Situation an der Galapagos-Mikroplatte. - 3. Die Sedimente im Untersuchungsgebiet. - 3.1. Übersicht. - 3.2. Die Beschreibung der Sedimentkerne. - 3.2.1. Kern 50. - 3.2.2. Kern 54. - 3.2.3. Kern 68. - 3.2.4. Kern 69. - 3.2.5. Kern 76. - 3.2.6. Kern 93. - 3.2.7. Kern 95. - 4. Die Vorbereitung der Proben. - 4.1. Probennahme. - 4.2. Aufbereitung der Proben. - 4.2.1. Zur Dichte der Beprobung. - 5. Analytik. - 5.1. Kontrolle der Meßqualität. - 5.2. Wassergehalt. - 5.3. Korngrößenbestimmung. - 5.4. Glühverlust (L.O.I.). - 5.5. Kohlenstoff-Schwefel-Analyse (CSA). - 5.6. Titrimetrische Bestimmung von Fe2+. - 5.7. Wellenlängendispersive Röntgenfluoreszenz-Analyse. - 5.8. Energiedispersive Röntgenfluoreszenz-Analyse (EDRFA). - 5.9. Graphitrohr-Atom-Absorptions-Spektrometrie. - 5.10. Instrumentelle Neutronenaktivierungs-Analyse (INAA). - 6. Spezielle Anwendungen und Weiterentwicklungen im analytischen Bereich. - 6.1. Entsalzung durch Dialyse. - 6.2. Die Trennung von Karbonat-Kohlenstoff und organischem Kohlenstoff mit Hilfe der CSA. - 6.2.1. Beschreibung des Verfahrens. - 6.2.2. Ergebnisse. - 6.3. Die Bestimmung des Calcitgehalts aus dem Glühverlust. - 6.4. Erstellung eines Auswerteprogramms für die winkeldispersive RFA. - 7. Die Bestimmung der Mineralphasen. - 7.1. Diffraktometrie. - 7.2. Differenz-Thermo-Analyse - Thermogravimetrie (DTA-TG). - 8. Wärmeflußmessungen. - 8.1. Beschreibung. - 8.2. Ergebnisse. - 9. Datierungen. - 9.1. Thorium-Datierung. - 9.2. Elektronenspin-Resonanz-Darierung (ESR). - 9.3. Sauerstoff-Isotopen-Datierung. - 9.3.1. Beschreibung. - 9.3.2. Interpretation der d 180-Kurve von Kern 93. - 9.4. Mikropaläontologie. - 9.4.1. Kern 93. - 9.4.2. Kern 68. - 9.4.3. Kern 69. - 10. Interpretation der geochemischen Daten am Beispiel von Kern 93. - 10.1. Sedimentologische Parameter. - 10.1.1. Sedimenteintrag. - 10.1.2. Bioturbation. - 10.2. Redoxprozesse während der Diagenese, eine Diskussion. - 10.2.1. Parameter. - 10.2.2. Diagenetische Mobilisation von Mangan. - 10.2.3. Die Redoxfaktoren. - 10.2.3.1. Der Eh-Wert. - 10.2.3.2. Probendichte und Untersuchungstiefe. - 10.2.3.3. Modelle. - 10.2.4. Die Einflußgrößen im einzelnen. - 10.2.4.1. Reduktion und Oxidation. - 10.2.4.2. Eh-pH Bedingungen. - 10.2.4.3. Reduktionsmittel. - 10.2.4.4. MnO2 und Mn2+. - 10.2.4.5. Tiefere Bohrungen. - 10.2.4.6. Eisen. - 10.2.5. Zusammenfassung. - 10.3. Klimatisch bedingte Parameter und Elemente. - 10.3.1. d18O. - 10.3.2. Foraminiferen. - 10.3.3. Calcit. - 10.3.4. Organischer Kohlenstoff. - 10.3.5. Phosphat. - 10.3.6. Weitere wichtige Spurenelemente. - 10.3.6.1. Brom. - 10.3.6.2. Die Seltenen Erden. - 10.3.7. Modelle zur Erklärung der Anreicherung von Mangan und Diskussion der Ergebnisse. - 11. Die Interpretation von Kern 68. - 11.1. Datierung. - 11.2. Die Asche-reiche Lage in 120 cm Teufe. - 11.3. Klimatische Parameter. - 11.4. Der Vergleich von Kern 69 mit Kern 68. - 12. Die Interpretation der Kerne 50 und 54. - 13. Die Interpretation von Kern 76. - 13.1. Die Aschelagen. - 13.1.1. Beschreibung und Genese. - 13.1.2. Zur Geochemie der Aschen. - 13.2. Die Normalsedimente in Kern 76. - 13.2.1. Anwendung der klimatischen Parameter. - 13.2.2. Weitere Elemente. - 13.3. Zusammenfassung. - 14. Die Interpretation von Kern 95. - 14.1. Übersicht. - 14.2. Die Serpentin-Schicht. - 14.3. Die hydrothermalen Sedimente oberhalb und unterhalb der Serpentin-Schicht. - 14.4. Die Klimaparameter. - 14.5. Zusammenfassung Kern 95. - 15. Zusammenfassung und Fazit. - 16. Perspektiven. - 17. Literatur. - Anhang.

Note: Zugl.: Karlsruhe, Univ., Diss., 1992 , Inhalt: 1. Einleitung. - 2. Geologische und geographische Übersicht. - 2.1. Geographische Lage. - 2.2. Petrologische Übersicht.. - 2.3. Mineralisation. - 2.4. Besiedlung und wirtschaftliche Nutzung. - 2.5. Klima und Verwitterungsbedingungen. - 3. Probenentnahme und Aufbereitung. - 3.1. Schwermineralabtrennung. - 4. Analytik. - 4.1. EDXRF-Analytik. - 4.1.1. Instrumentierung. - 4.1.2. Meßbedingungen. - 4.1.3. Auswertung der EDXRF-Daten im mobilen LABOR. - 4.2. Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse. - 4.2.1. Vergleich INAA- EDXRF. - 4.3. Königswasseraufschluß. - 5. Univariate Statistik und geochemische Kartierung. - 5 .I. Robuste univariate Verfahren. - 5 .1.1. 5-Number Summary und Box-Plot. - 5 .1.2. Dichtespur (Density Traces). - 5 .1. 3. Verteilungsformen. - 5.2. Geochemische Karten. - 5.2.1. Symbolkarten. - 5.2.2. Kontur-Karten. - 5.2.3. Wichtung mit dem reziproken Abstand (1/d"-Filter). - 5.2.4. Gauß-Filter. - 5.2.5. Kolmogorov- Smirnov- Filter. - 5.2.6. Fence-Filter. - 5.2.7. Notch-Filter. - 5.3. Variographie. - 5.4. Krige-Verfahren. - 5.4.1. Punkt-Krigen. - 5.4.2. Ko-Krigen. - 5.4.3. Bewertung der verschiedenen Techniken. - 6. Elementverteilung im Untersuchungsgebiet. - 6.1. Gesteinscharakterisiemde Elemente. - 6.1.1. Rubidium. - 6.2. Elemente mit Gesteins- und möglichem Lagerstätten-Einfluß. - 6.2.1. Nickel. - 6.2.2. Strontium und Barium. - 6.2.3. Cer (als Vertreter der Seltenen Erden) und Niob. - 6.2.4. Blei. - 6.3. Indikatorelemente für Vererrungen oder hydrothermale Überprägung. - 6.3.1. Arsen. - 6.3.2. Kupfer. - 6.3.3. Brom. - 6.3.4. Sonstige. - 7. Multivariate Verfahren. - 7 .1. Abschätzung hydraulischer Effekte über Elementverhältnisse. - 7.2. Clusteranalyse. - 7.2.1. Hierarchische Cluster der Elemente in den Einzugsgebieten. - 7.2.2. "Harte" Clusteranalyse der Proben. - 7.2.3. Fuzzy Cluster. - 8. Ergebnisse. - 9. Zusammenfassung. - 10. Literatur. - Anhang. - A. Statistische Kenndaten. - B. Blockbild des Programms GEOCHEM. - C. Berechnungsbeispiel fiir Filterfunktionen. - D. Experimentelle Variogramme und angepaßte Modelle.

Note: Zugl.: Karlsruhe, Univ., Diss., 1991 , INHALT: KURZFASSUNG. - VORWORT. - ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS. - TABELLENVERZEICHNIS. - 1. EINFÜHRUNG. - 1.1. Problemstellung. - 1.2. Stand der Forschung. - 2. THEORETISCHE GRUNDLAGEN. - 2.1. Stofftransport in porösen Medien. - 2.1.1. Hydrodynamische Prozesse. - 2.1.2. Physikalische, chemische und biologische Prozesse. - 2.2. Mathematisches Konzept bei Auswertung von Tracertransportvorgängen. - 3. VERSUCHSFELD "BÖCKINGER WIESEN". - 3.1. Hydrogeologische Rahmenbedingungen. - 3.1.1. Beschreibung der Grundwasserleiter. - 3.1.2. Hydraulische Verhältnisse. - 3.1.3. Hydrologische Bedingungen. - 3.2. Messnetz, Betriebszustände und Untersuchungsumfang. - 4. HYDROCHEMISCHE CHARAKTERISIERUNG DES UFERFILTRATIONSSYSTEMES. - 4.1. Grundwassertypen. - 4.2. Regionale und saisonale Variation in der Grundwasserbeschaffenheit. - 4.2.1. lnfiltrationsbedingungen. - 4.2.1.1. Regionaler Einflußbereich der Uferfiltration. - 4.2.1.2. Saisonale Schwankungen. - 4.2.1.3. Hydrochemische Veränderungen bei der Untergrundpassage. - 4.2.2. Hochwasserereignisse. - 4.2.3. Exfiltrationsverhältnisse. - 4.3. Generelles Schadstoffverteilungsmuster. - 4.4. Uferfiltratanteil. - 4.5. Mittlere Verweilzeit. - 5. EINSATZ REAKTIVER REFERENZTRACER ZUR SCHADSTOFFSIMULATION - LABORVERSUCHE. - 5.1. Materialien und experimentelle Methodik. - 5.1.1. Übersicht über die untersuchten Substanzen. - 5.1.2. Nachweismethodik. - 5.1.3. Versuchsanlagen. - 5.1.3.1. Aufbau der Durchlaufsäulenversuche. - 5.1.3.2. Beschreibung der Säulenfüllung. - 5.1.3.3. Charakterisierung der Durchströmungsflüssigkeit. - 5.1.3.4. Auswertung. - 5.2. Ergebnisse. - 5.2.1. Deuterium. - 5.2.2. Migrationsparameter der reaktiven Tracer. - 5.2.3. Reaktive Tracer im Vergleich zu ausgewählten Schwermetallen. - 5.2.4. Reaktive Tracer im Vergleich zu anionischen Tensiden. - 6. IN SITU VERSUCHE ZUR SCHADSTOFFSIMULATION. - 6.1. Markierungsversuch mit Eosin (1987). - 6.1.1. Durchführung. - 6.1.2. Eosinausbreitung im Testfeld. - 6.1.3. Migrationsparameter für Eosin im Vergleich zu dem idealen Tracer 18O. - 6.1.3.1. Mittlere Fließgeschwindigkeiten und scheinbare Dispersivitäten. - 6.1.3.2. Retardationstaktoren. - 6.2. Kombinierter Markierungsversuch (1988). - 6.2.1. Eingabe, Beprobungintervalle und Untersuchungsmethodik. - 6.2.2. Tracernachweise im Pumpbrunnen H. - 6.2.3. Migrationsverhalten von Pyranin, Naphthionat und Lithium (Eingabestelle 3054) im gesamten Testfeld. - 6.2.3.1. Tracerausbreitung. - 6.2.3.2. Migrationsparameter. - 6.2.3.3. Anmerkungen zum mathematischen Auswertekonzept. - 6.2.4. Uraninnachweis in den Grundwasserbeobachtungsstellen (Eingabestelle 3081). - 6.2.4.1. Regionale Verteilung im Testfeld. - 6.2.4.2. Fließzeiten, Dispersivitäten und Retardationstaktoren. - 6.3. Zusammenfassende Bewertung der Markierungsversuche. - 7. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG. - 8. LITERATURVERZEICHNIS.

Note: Beilage unter dem Titel: SCAR : Wissenschaftliches Komitee für Antarktisforschung , Beilage unter dem Titel: Deutsche Mitglieder in SCAR-Gruppen = German members in SCAR Groups , Beilage unter dem Titel: Corrigendum / German Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 12 - 1990 , Beilage unter dem Titel: SCAR Bulletin : No. 99, October 1990 ; Stations of SCAR nations operating in the Antarctic, winter 1990 , CONTENTS: I. National Committee for Antarctic Research, and National Operating Organization/Agency. - II. Map of Stations. - Ill. Permanent Observatories, Regular Observations and Long-term Monitoring. - IV. Report on Highlights of Science Activities from Previous Reporting Period (1 Oct. 89 - 31 March 90). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - V. List of Permits and Rationale for Entry into SPAs and SSSIs. - VI. Prospectus of Planned Activities for Coming Reporting Period (1 April 90 - 31 March 91). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - VII. Future Activities Planned & Funded (beyond 31 March 91). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - VIII. Bibliography. - IX. List of Principal Investigators and Responsible Authorities.

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction. - 2. Background. - 2.1. Polar research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - 2.2. Previous research at "Georg von Neumayer". - 3. Reasons for a replacement station. - 4. Plans for the removal of "Georg von Neumayer". - 5. The new research station "Neumayer". - 5.1. Building operation. - 5.1.1. Planned construction site and operational phase. - 5.1.2. Supply vessel, building machinery and fuel. - 5.1.3. Building camp and waste management. - 5.2. Description of the new station. - 5.2.1. Station design. - 5.2.2. Energy generation and fuel storage. - 5.2.3. Waste management. - 5.2.4. Alternative energy. - 6. Description of the environment. - 6.1. Regional characteristics. - 6.2. Characteristics of Atka Bay. - 6.2.1. Physical conditions. - 6.2.2. Biological conditions. - 7. Consideration of potential environmental impacts. - 7.1. Building operation. - 7.2. Future operation of the station. - 8. Conclusion. - 9. References.

Note: Diplomarbeit, Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 1992

Note: Diplomarbeit, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 1993

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Measurements and results Tunnel North-south trench East-west trench Deep pit Theoretical development Sorge's Law Deformation of acylindrical tunnel in a viscous compressible medium Discussion Tunnel Trenches Deep pit References Appendix

Note: Wolkentafel für Wetterbeobachter auf See Seegangsbilder zur Schätzung der Beaufort-Windstärken nach dem Aussehen der See Schlüsseltafel für die Eintragungen der Wetterbeobachtungen auf See (2 Exemplare) Wetterübersicht-Tabelle Bord-Wetterkarte Nr. 1 (2 Exemplare) Bord-Wetterkarte Nr. 3 (2 Exemplare) Bord-Wetterkarte Nr. 4 (2 Exemplare) Bord-Wetterkarte Nr. 5 (2 Exemplare) Bord-Wetterkarte Nr. 9 (2 Exemplare) Bord-Wetterkarte Nr. 10 (2 Exemplare) Bord-Wetterkarte Nr. 11 (2 Exemplare) Der Kalte Januar 1977 in den USA Der Schneewinter 1968/69 und seine Konkurrenten in der Rückschau auf die vergangenen 5 Jahrzehnte Die Nordseeorkan-Wetterlage von 16./17. Februar 1962

Note: Inhalt Vorwort 1. Allgemeines 1.1 Abgrenzungsmerkmale in der Gattung Pinnularia 1.2 Ökologische Bemerkungen 1.3 Anton Mayers Pinnularia-Bearbeitung 2. Spezieller Teil 2.1 Vorbemerkungen 2.2 Schalenmorphologie und Terminologie 2.3 Von Mayer beschriebene Pinnularia-Taxa 2.4 Gruppierung der Taxa 2.5 Erläuterungen zu den Beschreibungen der Taxa 2.6 Erläuterungen zum Bestimmungsschlüssel der Arten, wichtigen Varietäten und Morphotypen 2.7 Bestimmungsschlüssel 2.8 Beschreibungen der Taxa 3. Bemerkungen zu den Fundorten und Tafeln 3.1 Fundorte der Proben von Anton Mayer und ihre Diatomeenassoziationen 3.2 Die 80 Tafeln von Anton Mayer 3.3 Die Tafeln mit Mikrophotographien 4. Literatur 5. Tafeln 6. Index der Taxa und wichtigsten Synonyme

Note: Diplomarbeit ausgeführt am Geographischen Institut der ETH Zürich, Abteilung für Naturwissenschaften

Note: Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Habil.-Schr.

Note: Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: Physiographic map and field trip localities of the Upper Cook Inlet area, Alaska / compiled by R. D. Reger and R. G. Updike (1982) , CONTENTS Introduction General statement Organization and acknowledgments Selected references Middle Tanana River valley R&sum& of the permafrost and Quaternary geology Road log and locality descriptions Selected references Delta River area. Alaska Range R&sum& of the permafrost and Quaternary geology Road log and locality description Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Thawing problems Construction modes Conventional burial Special burial Conventional elevated and anchor support Selected references Copper River basin Rèsumè of Quaternary geology Road log and locality description Gakona section Richardson Highway Simpson Hill roadcut Copper River Bluff section Glenn Highway Selected references Overview of the Matanuska Glacier Selected references Upper Cook Inlet region and the Matanuska Valley Introduction Physiography and geology Upper Cook Inlet region Matanuska Valley Climate Vegetation. Soils Rèsumè of Quaternary geology General statement Late Pliocene-early Pleistocene glaciations and interglaciations Mt. Susitna Glaciation Mt. Susitna-Caribou Hills interglaciation Caribou Hills Glaciation Late Pleistocene glaciations and interglaciations Caribou Hills-Eklutna interglaciation Eklutna Glaciation Eklutna-Knik interglaciation Knik Glaciation Knik-Naptowne nonglacial interval Naptowne Glaciation Early Holocene Glaciations Middle to Late Holocene events Alaskan Glaciation Tustumena advances Tunnel advances Other events Road log and locality descriptions Selected references Appendix A - Radiocarbon dates related to late Quaternary events in the Upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska

Note: Zürich, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Dissertation, 1993 , Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort Zusammenfassung Abstract 1. Einleitung 1.1 Permafrost und Blockgletscher 1.2 Die Permafrostforschung in der Schweiz 1.3 Klassische Untersuchungsmethoden 1.4 Problemstellung 1.5 Glossar 2. Die untersuchten Gebiete 2.1 Allgemeines 2.2 Der Blockgletscher Murtel-Corvatsch 2.2.1 Lokalitätsbeschreibung 2.2.2 Feldarbeiten 2.3 Der Blockgletscher Muragl 1 2. 3.1 Lokalitätsbeschreibung 2.3.2 Feldarbeiten 2.4 Der Blockgletscher Suvretta 2.4.1 Loka!itätsbeschreibung 2.4.2 Feldarbeiten 2.5 Pontresina - Schafberg 2.5.1 Lokalitätsbeschreibung 2.5.2 Feldarbeiten 3. Geophysikalische Sondiermethoden im Permafrost 3.1 Allgemeines 3.2 Refraktionsseismik 3.2.1 Einleitung 3.2.2 Zielsetzung der Refraktionsseismik im Permafrost 3.2.3 Ausrüstung, Messtechnik 3.2.4 Herauslesen der Ersteinsätze 3.2.4.1 Ersteinsätze mit geringer Amplitude und grosser Periode 3.2.4.2 Rauschen 3.2.5 Auswertungsmethoden 3.2.5.1 Intercept-Methode, Knickpunkt-Methode 3.2.5.2 Die Plus-Minus-Methode 3.2.5.3 Hales-Methode 3.2.5.4 Die 'Generalized Reciprocal Method (GRM) 3.2.5.5 Auswertung der Sprengseismik im Pennafrost 3.2.5.6 Abfolge der Auswertung mittels dem GRMVerfahren am Beispiel des Profils MGL S5 3.2.6 Blockgletscher Murtel-Corvatsch 3.2.6.1 Profil MRT S1 3.2.6.2 Profil MRT S2 3.2.6.3 Schlussfolgerungen Seismik Murtel-Corvatsch 3.2.7 Blockgletscher Muragl 3.2.7.1 Profil MGL S1 3.2.7.2 Profil MGL S2 3.2.7.3 Profil MGL S3 3.2.7.4 Profil MGL S4 3.2.7.5 Profil MGL S5 3.2.7.6 Zusammenfassung Seismik Blockgletscher Muragl 3.2.8 Blockgletscher Suvretta 3.2.8.1 Profil SUV S1 3.2.8.2 Profil SUV S2 3.2.8.3 Profil SUV S3 3.2.8.4 Profil SUV S4 3.2.8.5 Profil SUV S5 3.2.8.6 Zusammenfassung Blockgletscher Suvretta 3.2.9 Pontresina - Schafberg 3.2.9.1 Profile beim Bohrloch 2/1990 3.2.9.2 Profile beim Bohrloch 1/1990 3.2.9.3 Zusammenfassung Pontresina - Schafberg 3.2.10 Schlussfolgerungen Refraktionsseismik 3.3 Gleichstrom - Geoelektrik 3.3.1 Einleitung 3.3.1.1 Allgemeines 3.3.1.2 Spezifischer Widerstand verschiedener Eisarten 3.3.1.3 Geoelektrik im Permafrost 3.3.2 Ankoppelungsversuche 3.3.3 Beispiel einer Auswertung 3.3.3.1 Allgemeines 3.3.3.2 Schlumberger-Anordnung (symmetrisch) 3.3.3.3 Hummel-Anordnung oder Halbe Schlumberger-Anordnung 3.3.4 Blockgletscher Murtel-Corvatsch I 3.3.4.1 Diskussion der einzelnen Sondierkurven 3:3.4.2 Zusammenfassung Blockgletscher Murtel-Corvatsch 3.3.5 Blockgletscher Muragl 1 3.3.5.1 Diskussion der einzelnen Sondierkurven 3.3.5.2 Zusammenfassung Blockgletscher Muragl 3.3.6 Blockgletscher Suvretta 3.3.6.1 Diskussion der einzelnen Sondierkurven 3.3.6.2 Zusammenfassung Blockgletscher Suvretta 3.3.7 Pontresina-Schafberg 3.3.7.1 Diskussion der einzelnen Sondierkurven 3.3.7.2 Zusammenfassung Pontresina-Schafberg 3.3.8 Schlussfolgerungen Gleichstrom-Geoelektrik 3.4 Georadar 3.4.1 Allgemeines 3.4.2 Messungen auf dem Blockgletscher Murtel-Corvatsch 3.4.3 Schlussfolgerungen Georadar.und Ausblick 3.5 Gravimetrie 3.5.1 Einleitung 3.5.2 Theoretische Grundlagen 3.5.2.1 Effekt der geographischen Breite 3.5.2.2 Effekt der Höhe über Meer 3.5.2.3 Topographischer Effekt 3.5.3 Gravimetrische Messungen und Korrekturen 3.5.4 Modellierung 3.5.5 Resultate und Diskussion 3.5.6 Schlussfolgerungen Gravimetrie 3.6 Very-Low-Frequency Resistivity (VLF-R) 3.6.1 Einleitung 3.6.2 Theoretische Grundlagen 3.6.2.1 Messungen mit mehreren Frequenzen 3.6.2.2 Messungen in mehreren Richtungen 3.6.3 VLF0R Messungen im alpinen Permafrost 3.6.3.1 Allgemeines 3.6.3.2 Bohrloch Murtel-Corvatsch 3.6.3.3 Pontresina-Schafberg 3.6.3.4 Blockgletscher Muragl I 3.6.3.5 Gruben 3.6.4 Zusammenfassung VLF-R und Ausblick 4 Bohrlochsondierungen 4.1 Allgemeines 4.2 Bohrlochlogging 4.2.1 Das Kaliber-Log 4.2.2 Das Garnma-Ray-Log 4.2.3 Das Gamma-Gamma-Log 4.2.4 Das Neutron-Neutron-Log 4.2.5 Das Resistivity-Log 4.2.6 Das Sonic-Log 4.2.7 Korrelationen zwischen den einzelnen Logs im Bohrloch 1/1990 4.2.8 Schlussfolgerung Bohrloch-Logging 4.3 Bohrlochseisrnik im Bohrloch 2/1987 (Murtel-Corvatsch) 4.3.1 Einleitung 4.3.2 Konzept der Messung 4.3.3 Schwierigkeiten bei der Auswertung der bohrlochseismischen Daten 4.3.3.1 Bestimmen der Nullzeit 4.3.3.2 Herauslesen der Ersteinsätze 4.3.3.3 Korrektur der Einsatzzeiten 4.3.4 Berechnung der seismischen Geschwindigkeiten 4.3.4.1 P-Wellen 4.3.4.2 S-Wellen (average velocity) 4.3.5 Spezialexperirnent 4.3.6 Schlussfolgerungen Bohrlochseisrnik 5 Temperaturmessungen im Permafrost 5.1 Einleitung 5.2 Ausrüstung.und Messgenauigkeit 5.3 Temperaturen im Bohrloch Murtel-Corvatsch 5.3.1 Analyse der Jahreszeitenschwankungen 5.3.2 Kommentar zu den Temperaturreihen im Bohrloch 2/1987 5.3.2.1 Temperaturentwicklung in 1.6 m Tiefe (mittlere Differenz der Extremwerte: 9°C) 5.3.2.2 Temperaturentwicklung in 2.6 m Tiefe (mittlere Differenz der Extremwerte: 5°C) 5.3.2.3 Temperaturentwicklung in 3.6 m Tiefe (mittlere Differenz der Extremwerte: 3.5°C) 5.3.2.4 Temperaturentwicklung in 7.6 m Tiefe (mittlere Differenz der Extremwerte: 1.5°C) 5.3.2.5 Temperaturentwicklung in 11.6 m Tiefe (mittlere Differenz der Extremwerte: 0.6°C) 5.3.2.6 Temperaturentwicklung in 15.6 m Tiefe (mittlere Differenz der Extremwerte: 0.2°C) 5.3.2.7 Temperaturentwicklung in 21.6 m Tiefe (mittlere Differenz der Extremwerte: 〈 0.1 °C) 5.3.3 Vertikale Temperaturverteilung im Bohrloch 2/1987 5.3.4 Saisonale Temperaturschwankungen zwischen 52 m und 56 m Tiefe 5.4 Temperaturen in den Bohrlöchern am Pontresina-Schafberg 5.4.1 Vertikale Temperaturverteilung auf dem Pontresina-Schafberg 5.5 Auswirkungen von Variationen der Oberflächentemperaturen auf vertikale Temperaturprofile 5.6 Schlussfolgerungen Permafrosttemperaturen 6 Schlussfolgerungen 7 Literaturverzeichnis ANHANG Geoelektrische Tiefensondierungen Blockgletscher Murtel-Corvatsch Sondierung MRT E1 Sondierung MRT E2 Sondierung MRT E3 Sondierung MRT E4 Sondierung MRT E5 Blockgletscher Muragl Sondierung MGL E1 Sondierung MGL E2 Sondierung MGL E3 Blockgletscher Suvretta Sondierung SUV E1 Sondierung SUV E2 Sondierung SUV E3 Pontresina-Schafberg Sondierung SFB E1 Sondierung SFB E2 Sondierung SFB E3 Sondierung SFB E4 Temperaturreihen im Bohrloch 2/1987 (Murtel-Corvatsch)

Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Summary Introduction Temperature correction factors Crushing strength Tensile strength · Shear strength Torsional shear strength Work of disaggregation of snow Angle of internal friction and apparent unit cohesion Discussion of results References

Note: CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Instrumentation Recording of data III. Results Global radiation Albedo of snow Diffuse sky radiation Effect of clouds on radiation Atmospheric and terrestrial radiation Effect of low sun angle on measured radiation Global radiation gradient Atmospheric transmission coefficient Heat balance of snow cover Applied use of solar energy References. Appendix

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Results at Site 2 Discussion References

Note: Zugl.: Marburg (Lahn), Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2004 u.d.T.: Gutmann, Mathias: Die Medialität des Erfahrens

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Derivation of mean annual air temperature data Annual accumulation References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Principle of measuring the visco-elastic nature of snow and ice by the vibration method Experimental method for determination of visco-elastic properties of snow and ice Visco-elastic properties of tunnel ice Elastic properties of snow samples from the deep pit Elastic properties of core samples obtained by drilling Elastic properties of snow near the ice-cap surface Vertical variation of Young's modulus near the surface Wind-packed snow Peter snow Relation between Young's modulus and density of snow Relation between Young's modulus and density over the range from surface snow to ice Supplementary experiments on the elastic nature of snow and ice at Site 2 Anisotropy of Peter snow Age hardening Temperature dependence of Young's modulus of core ice Viscosity measurement of snow and ice in Greenland Further experiments on the elastic nature of tunnel ice Temperature dependence of Young's modulus Frequency dependence of Young's modulus Further experiments on the viscous nature of tunnel ice Temperature dependence of loss factor Activation energy Frequency dependence of loss factor and viscosity Relation between viscosity and density Conclusions References Appendix: Experimental data

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Apparatus Specimens Experimental procedures and results Analysis of the data Discussion References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Definition of whiteout Scope of this study Instrumentation and observations Location of project: Fog particle measurements Atmospheric humidity measurements Visibility measurements Air temperature measurements Radiation measurements Atmospheric nuclei Observations of fog whiteout Conditions prior to onset of whiteout Conditions at time of arrival and during whiteout Micro-structure of fog whiteout Analysis of moisture balance during two selected cases Synoptic situation for case 1 Synoptic situation for case 2 Computations Attempts at fog whiteout dispersal References Appendix A - Freezing nuclei observations Appendix B - Absolute humidity gradient data

Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction and statement of the problem Solution of the boundary value problems for simply supported boundaries Semi-infinite plate Wedge-shaped plate Rectangular corner plate Infinite strip Semi-infinite strip Rectangular plate Remarks on the problem of arbitrary load distribution References Appendix A Appendix B

Note: Zugl.: München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 1992

Note: Contents Julian A. Dowdeswell and James D. Scourse: Preface --- Julian A. Dowdeswell and James D. Scourse: On the description and modelling of glacimarine sediments and sedimentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:1-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.01 --- G. S. Boulton: Sedimentary and sea level changes during glacial cycles and their control on glacimarine facies architecture / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:15-52, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.02 --- Ross D. Powell: Glacimarine processes at grounding-line fans and their growth to ice-contact deltas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:53-73, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.03 --- Ellen A. Cowan and Ross D. Powell: Suspended sediment transport and deposition of cyclically interlaminated sediment in a temperate glacial fjord, Alaska, U.S.A. / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:75-89, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.04 --- Eugene W. Domack: Laminated terrigenous sediments from the Antarctic Peninsula: the role of subglacial and marine processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:91-103, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.05 --- Robert Gilbert: Rafting in glacimarine environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:105-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.06 --- Julian A. Dowdeswell and Tavi Murray: Modelling rates of sedimentation from icebergs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:121-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.07 --- Paul R. Carlson, Terry R. Bruns, and Michael A. Fisher: Development of slope valleys in the glacimarine environment of a complex subduction zone, Northern Gulf of Alaska / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:139-153, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.08 --- Alec E. Aitken: Fossilization potential of Arctic fjord and continental shelf benthic macrofaunas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:155-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.09 --- James P. M. Syvitski, K. William G. LeBlanc, and R. E. Cranston: The flux and preservation of organic carbon in Baffin Island fjords / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:177-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.10 --- Ian J. Fairchild and Baruch Spiro: Carbonate minerals in glacial sediments: geochemical clues to palaeoenvironment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:201-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.11 --- C. M. T. Woodworth-Lynas and J. Y. Guigné: Iceberg scours in the geological record: examples from glacial Lake Agassiz / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:217-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.12 --- Jens Bischof, Joachim Koch, Michaela Kubisch, Robert F. Spielhagen, and Jörn Thiede: Nordic Seas surface ice drift reconstructions: evidence from ice rafted coal fragments during oxygen isotope stage 6 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:235-251, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.13 --- Anders Solheim, Lars Russwurm, Anders Elverhøi, and Mona Nyland Berg: Glacial geomorphic features in the northern Barents Sea: direct evidence for grounded ice and implications for the pattern of deglaciation and late glacial sedimentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:253-268, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.14 --- Tore O. Vorren, Erland Lebesbye, and Kjell B. Larsen: Geometry and genesis of the glacigenic sediments in the southern Barents Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:269-288, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.15 --- D. Huddart and J. D. Peacock: Early Holocene morainal bank sedimentology and marine ecology, Skjoldungebrae gorge, North Scoresby Land, East Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:289-305, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.16 --- Rodney L. Stevens: Proximal and distal glacimarine deposits in southwestern Sweden: contrasts in sedimentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:307-316, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.17 --- A. R. Lord: The Pleistocene—Holocene transition in Southwestern Sweden and the recognition of deglaciation effects in adjacent seas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:317-328, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.18 --- J. D. Scourse, W. E. N. Austin, R. M. Bateman, J. A. Catt, C. D. R. Evans, J. E. Robinson, and J. R. Young: Sedimentology and micropalaeontology of glacimarine sediments from the Central and Southwestern Celtic Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:329-347, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.19 --- M. S. Stoker: Glacially-influenced sedimentation on the Hebridean slope, northwestern United Kingdom continental margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:349-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.20 --- Carolyn H. Eyles and Martin B. Lagoe: Sedimentation patterns and facies geometries on a temperate glacially-influenced continental shelf: the Yakataga Formation, Middleton Island, Alaska / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:363-386, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.21 --- A. C. M. Moncrieff and M. J. Hambrey: Marginal-marine glacial sedimentation in the late Precambrian succession of East Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:387-410, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.22

Note: Bachelorarbeit, Wilfrid Laurier University, 1993 , TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Water Balance 2.3 Nutrient Inputs 2.4 Models Chapter 3 Study Site and Site Characteristics 3.1 Study Site Location 3.2 Geology 3.3 Surface Cover 3.4 Permafrost Depth 3.5 Lake Formation 3.6 Lake Characteristics 3.7 Lake Sub Basin Characteristics 3.8 Climate 3.9 Precipitation and Melt 3.10 Evaporation Chapter 4 Methods 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Physical Sampling 4.2.1 Water Level 4.2.2 Stream Discharge 4.2.3 Precipitation 4.2.4. Radiation 4.2.5 Evaporation 4.2.6 Groundwater 4.3 Chemical Sampling 4.3.1 Total Phosphorus 4.4 Biological Sampling 4.4.1 Chlorophyll a 4.5 Water Balance 4.6 Nutrient Inputs 4.7 Models 4.7.1 Predicting Total Phosphorus Concentrations 4.7.2 Chlorophyll a Chapter 5 Results 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Water Balance 5.2.1 Lake Storage 5.2.2 Stream Discharge 5.2.3 Precipitation 5.2.4 Radiation 5.2.5 Evaporation 5.2.6 Groundwater 5.3 Nutrient Inputs 5.4 Models 5.4.1 Predicting Total Phosphorus Concentrations 5.4.2 Chlorophyll a Chapter 6 Discussion 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Water Balance 6.3 Nutrient Inputs 6.4 Models Chapter 7 Further Study Appendices Appendix 1 Lake Storage Appendix 2 Discharge Data Appendix 3 Precipitation Appendix 4 Radiation Appendix 5 Evaporation Appendix 6 Nutrient Data Appendix 7 Chlorophyll a Bibliography , Englisch

Note: Masterarbeit, University of Waterloo, 1990 , TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Acknowledgements List of figures List of tables List of plates preamble CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 1.2 LOCATION AND CLIMATE 1.3 GEOLOGICAL SETTING 1.3.1 Bedrock geology 1.3.2 Glacial history 1.3.2 Surficial geology 1.4 PREVIOUS RESEARCH AND PARALLEL STUDIES 1.5 SITE INVESTIGATIONS 1.5.1 Introduction 1.5.2 Water sampling methods 1.5.3 Piezometer methods 1.5.4 Measuring hydraulic conductivity 1.S.S Surface flow monitoring 1.5.6 Seepage meters 1.5.7 Coring and porewater squeezing 1.5.8 Frost table probing 1.5.9 Geological mapping 1.5.10 Weather records 1.5.11 Depth sounding 1.6 ANALYTICAL METHODS AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS 1.6.1 Sample collection, filtration, and alkalinity 1.6.2 Analytical methods 1.6.3 Quality of chemical analyses 1.6.4 Grain-size distributions and organic matter contents in till 1.6.5 Core logging and porewater squeezing 1.6.6 SEM examination of mineral weathering CHAPTER 2: HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY synopsis 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 LOCATION AND CLIMATE 2.3 FIELD AND ANALYTICAL METHODS 2.3.1 Field methods 2.3.2 Analytical methods 2.4 SETTING 2.5 HYDROLOGY 2.5.1 Surface hydrology 2.5.2 Groundwater hydrology 2.5.2.1 Thawing of the active layer 2.5.2.2 Structure and composition of the active layer till 2.5.2.3 Groundwater flow 2.6 DISCUSSION 2.7 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 3: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY abstract 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 STUDY AREA 3.3 ANALYTICAL METHODS 3.4 VEGETATION AND ACTIVE LAYER PROPERTIES 3.5 STABLE ISOTOPE DATA 3.6 WATER CHEMISTRY 3.7 SUMMARY CHAPTER 4: ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS OF EVAPORATION synopsis 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 STUDY AREA 4.3 FIELD AND LABORATORY METHODS 4.3.1 Materials and field methods 4.3.2 Analytkal methods 4.4 THEORY 4.4.1 Theoretical development 4.4.2 Basis of this approach 4.5 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 4.6 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 4.7 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 5: WATER BALANCE AND GEOCHEMICAL EVALUATIONS abstract 5.l INTRODUCTION 5.2 SETTING 5.3 ANALYTICAL METHODS 5.4 HYDROLOGY 5.5 WATER BALANCE CALCULATIONS 5.6 GEOCHEMISTRY 5.7 DISCUSSION 5.8 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1 SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH References LIST OF APPENDICES A. Part A: Stable isotope analyses of water samples Part B: Tritium analyses Part C: Field geochemical measurements Part D: Major ion analyses of water samples B. GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FROM PIEZOMETERS C. RELIABILITY OF Eh MEASUREMENTS D. PIEZOMETER DESIGNS/INSTALLATION PROCEDURES Part A: 1988 Part B: 1989 E. HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY TESTING/DATA F. SURFACE FLOW MEASUREMENTS Part 1: Weir Part 2: Stream gauging G. SEEPAGE METER METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS H. CORING AND SQUEEZING METHODS I. CORE AND SOIL PIT DESCRIPTIONS J. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS TO ADDRESS WATER QUALITY Part A: Duplicates, blanks, and comparative analyses Part B: Filtration experiment Part C: Dissolved organic carbon Part D: Carbon-13 K. CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC ANALYSES OF POREWATERS EXTRACTED FROM CORES L. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF TILL M. WATER BALANCE THEORY

Note: Contents Foreword Introduction Oil - Catalyst for change The Haul Road - Highway to the Arctic Origins: The geologic setting Glaciers shape the land Glaciation and wildlife distribution Permafrost and the periglacial environment The Dalton Highway road log Glossary Selected references

Note: Dissertation, Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen, Wageningen, 1991 , 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Fields of interest 1.2 Macroscopic freezing test 1.3 Microscopic model 1.4 Aim of the thesis 1.5 Overview of the thesis 2 THEORY 2.0 Introduction to the chapter 2.1 Theory of different soil analyses 2.1.1 Particle size distribution 2.1.2 Specific surface area 2.1.3 Cation exchange capacity 2.1.4 Zeta potential 2.1.5 Water retention 2.1.6 Hydraulic conductivity 2.1.7 Thermal conductivity 2.2 Determination of soil water content by time-domain reflectometry 2. 2.1 Transmission line theory 2.2.2 Water content 2.2.3 Bulk electrical conductivity 2.3 Transfer of heat and mass 2.3.1 Moisture transport 2.3.2 Heat transport 2.3.3 Solute transport 3 NEW MODELS AND METHODS 3.0 Introduction to the chapter 3.1 A new model for the nonsteady-state probe method to measure thermal properties of porous media 3.1.0 Abstract 3.1.1 Introduction 3.1.2 Present approach 3.1.3 Experimental set-up 3.1.4 The perfect line source model 3.1.5 The modified Jaeger model 3.1.6 Gauss-Newton iteration 3.1.7 Calibration measurements 3.1.8 Conclusions 3.2 A new method to measure bulk electrical conductivity in soil using time-domain reflectometry 3.2.0 Abstract 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 Measurement theory 3.2.3 Materials and methods 3.2.4 Results and discussion 3.2.5 Conclusions 3.3 Application of dispersion theory to time-domain reflectometry in soils 3.3.0 Abstract 3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.2 Dielectric constant as a function of water content 3.3.2.1 Soil as a two phase dielectric medium 3.3.2.2 Unfrozen soils 3.3.2.3 Frozen soils 3.3.3 Bulk electrical conductivity as a function of water content 3.3.4 Materials and methods 3.3.5 Results and discussion 3.3.5.1 Validation of the model for bulk electrical conductivity 3.3.5.2 Comparison with other models 3.3.6 Conclusions 3.3.7 Appendix 3.4 Description of the experiments to measure heat and mass transfer in freezing porous media 3.4.1 Experimental set-up 3.4.2 Used materials 3.4.3 Relations between soil physical and electrochemical properties 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.0 Introduction to the chapter 4.1 Thermal conductivity of unsaturated frozen sands 4. 1.0 Abstract 4.1. 1 Introduction 4.1. 2 Experimental set-up 4.1. 3 Theoretical approach 4. 1.4 Properties of the used sands 4.1.5 Measured heat flows 4.1. 6 Measured thermal conductivities 4.1. 7 Discussion 4.2 Heat transfer 4.2.1 Heat capacity 4.2.2 Thermal conductivity 4.2.2.1 Influence of the temperature dependence of the pore ice versus unfrozen water content 4.2.2.2 Contribution of the apparent thermal conductivity 4.2.2.3 Segregated ice content 4.2.2.4 Presence of the freezing front close to the measuring probe 4.2.3 Latent heat of in situ freezing 4.2.4 Heat balances 4.2.5 Temperature fields 4.2.6 Dynamics of heat flows in frozen porous materials 4.3 Moisture transfer 4.3.1 Segregation potential 4.3.2 Influence of soil physical and electrochemical properties 4.4 Application of time-domain reflectometry to measure solute concentration during soil freezing 4.4.0 Abstract 4.4.1 Introduction 4.4.2 Materials and methods 4.4.3 Results and discussion 4.4.3.1 Influence of temperature 4.4.3.2 Influence of liquid water content 4.4.3.3 Redistribution of solutes 4.4.4 Conclusions 4.5 Influence of added solutes on moisture transfer 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FINAL DISCUSSION 5.1 General discussion 5.2 Recommandations in connection with frost in porous media , Zusammenfassung in niederländischer Sprache

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD PREFACE INTRODUCTION SECTION 1: GENERAL PAPERS Case Study of a Grounded Jam; Restigouche River, New Brunswick / by S. Beltaos and B.C. Burrell Water Balance and Geochemistry Studies in a Tundra Watershed, District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories / by G.G. Bursey, T.W.D. Edwards and S.K. Frape River Icing Mounds: a Winter Water Source on the Eastern North Slope of Alaska / by E.F. Chacho, C.M. Collins, A.J. Delaney and S.A. Arcone Geochemical Evolution of Water in a Continental High Boreal Wetland Basin: Preliminary Results / by D. Craig A Physical Model of Ice Overthn.ist during the Break-Up of Intact River-Ice Covers / by M.N. Demuth and T.D. Prowse Seasonal Changes in the Hydrochemistry of Land Drainage: Colour Lake Catchment, Axel Heiberg Island, N.W.T. / by M. English, S. Schiff, M. Ecclestone, W.P. Adams, M. Hinton, L. Pezzutto, R. Elgood, C. Allan and D. Pierson Shape, Length and Flow· Conditions of Conduits at South Cascade Glacier, Washington State, U.S.A. / by A.G. Fountain CO2-Rich Ground Waters of the Flat River Valley, N.W.T. / by S.M. Hamilton, F.A. Michel and C.W. Jefferson Regional Snow Ablation in the Alaskan Arctic / by L.D. Hinzman, D.L. Kane and R.E. Giec Regionalization of Low Flows in Yukon Territory / by J.R. Janowicz Discharge Regimes of a Glacierized Basin, Slims River, Yukon / by P.G. Johnson Pulses in Glacier Discharge: Indicators of the Internal Drainage System of Glaciers / by P.G. Johnson Drainage of an Ice-Dammed Lake, Kaskawulsh Glacier Basin, Yukon / by J.N. Kasper and P.G. Johnson On Areal Distribution. of Snowcover in a Mountainous Area / by A. Killingtveit and K. Sand Hydrogeochemical Aspects of Two Selected Sites in a Fringe Zone of Discontinuous Permafrost / by Y.T.J. Kwong, D. Craig and M. Griffin Ice-Cover Growth and Freeze-Out of Solutes in a Mackenzie Delta Lake / by L.F.W. Lesack, P. Marsh and R.E. Hecky Hydrological Processes in a Small Catchment Containing a Perennial Snowbank, Melville Island, N.W.T. / by A.G. Lewkowicz and K.L. Young On Modelling Surface Meltwater Discharge from Arctic and Alpine Glaciers / by D.S. Munro A High Arctic Occurrence of Seasonal Frost Mounds / by W.H. Pollard Relationships between Snow Chemistry and Blowing Snow: Initial Findings / by J.W. Pomeroy, T.D. Davies and M. Tranter Peatlands of the Lake Melville Coastal Plain, Labrador / by J.S. Price, D.A. Maloney and F.G. Downey Constraints on the Origin of Acidity in Colour Lake, Axel Heiberg Island (79°25'N) / by S. Schiff, M. English, M. Ecclestone, R. Elgood, M. Hinton and L. Pezzutto Longitudinal Dispersion in the Ice-Covered Athabasca River / by G. Van Der Vinne and D. Andres Economic Impact of River Ice Jams in Canada / by G. Van Der Vinne, T.D. Prowse and D. Andres Estimation of Mass-Balance and Run-Off Component of Urumqi Glacier No. I from Water-Balance Analysis / by Z. Yang SECTION 2: MODELLING Interactive Modelling of Cold Regions Watersheds with SSARR / by E.A. Cassell and T. Pangburn Estimates of Evaporation in the Yukon and Northwest Territories / by J. Haas A Basin Water-Storage Model to Forecast Columbia River Discharge / by W. Tangborn Preliminary Findings from Experiments on Frazil and Anchor Ice in a Circular Flume / by G. Tsang and B. Trapp On Computer Simulation of Ice Motion in Rivers / by O.G. Vinogradov, A. Springer and P. Wierzba SECTION 3: OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS Transformation of Heavy Metals under Tidal Flows in the Severnaya Dvina Estuary / by V.F. Brekhovskikh, A.N. Malutin and M.A. Mordasov Northern River: BOD-DO Model / by V.F. Brekhovskikh and G.V. Volpian Water Storage in Alpine Glaciers (Abstract) / by M.M. Brugman Snowmelt Infiltration into Frozen Soil at Sites in the Discontinuous Permafrost Zone Near Mayo, Yukon Territory / by C.R. Bum Use of Periphyton Indices as a Biological Measure of Water Quality in Small Rivers / by E.A. Goncharevich Yukon and Northwest Territories Ground-Water Data Base / by P. Hardisty, V. Schilder, T. Dabrowski and J. Wells Some Aspects of Glacier Hydrology in China / by X. Hu and Z. Yang Modelled Estimates of Changes in the Water Balance of Forested Northern River Basins / by Yu.G. Motovilov and N.A. Nazarov Study of Surface Water Quality in the Northern Region Subject to Pollution / by A.N. Shammasov Response of Riverine and Lacustrine Biocenoses to Human Impact / by N.S. Zolotareva and M.A. Mordasov APPENDIX A: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Note: Zugl.: Stockholm, Univ., Diss., 1991