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  • Articles  (13)
  • Soil respiration  (7)
  • 75.70  (6)
  • Springer  (13)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Wiley
  • 2020-2022
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989  (13)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959
  • 1935-1939
  • 2021
  • 1989  (13)
  • Geosciences  (7)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (6)
  • Natural Sciences in General
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
Collection
  • Articles  (13)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (13)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Wiley
Years
  • 2020-2022
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989  (13)
  • 1960-1964
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Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of water amendment on basal and substrate-induced respiration rates of mineral soils (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 242-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil respiration ; Soil water ; Substrate-induced respiration ; CO2 evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We studied the effects of amending soils with different volumes of water or glucose solution on respiration rates measured as CO2 evolution. Basal respiration was not significantly affected by the volume of water amendment, but substrate-induced respiration in static soil solutions was significantly reduced by increasing water contents. Inhibition of substrate-induced respiration was removed by continuously agitating the incubation vessels. Estimates of substrate-induced respiration rates for six soils differed markedly, depending on whether the vessels were stationary or agitated during the incubation. Agitation allowed increased discrimination between substrate-induced respiration rates for the soils, while static incubation only differentiated the soil with the highest substrate-induced respiration rate from the other soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266486
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Threshold levels of cadmium for soil respiration and growth of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and difficulties with their determination (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 152-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Threshold levels ; Soil respiration ; Microbial diversity ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Dose-response curve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inconsistent results were obtained from comparative studies on the impact of increasing Cd contamination in three soils on growth of spring-wheat plantlets and soil respiration. With identical soil Cd loads, plant growth was increasingly inhibited in the following sequence: Neutral sandy hortisol (pH 7.0) 〈 phaeosem (pH 6.9) 〈 acidic cambisol (pH 5.6), suggesting a strong dependence on pH. In contrast, oxidation of a glucose-glutamate mixture by these soils was increasingly inhibited in the sequence: Acidic cambisol 〈 neutral sandy hortisol 〈 phaeosem. Inhibition of plant growth was correlated with the extractability of Cd from soils by 0.1 M CaCl2. However, comparison of dose-response curves with dose-extractability and dose-uptake curves suggested the presence of a soil factor that modified plant uptake of available Cd. This factor, possibly the concentration of antagonistic cations, was apparently also active within the plants. The inconsistency in the responses of plant growth and of soil respiration with respect to the soil Cd load was ascribed to microbiological soil properties exceeding the importance of Cd availability. Relatively high in vitro sensitivity of prokaryotes and their biochemical interdependence together with relatively high diversities of streptomycetes and fungi were paralleled by a relatively strong inhibition of soil respiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292574
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil microbial effects of a Cu-Ni smelter in southwestern Finland (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Heavy metals ; Pollution ; Bacteria ; Soil respiration ; Litter decomposition ; Fungal hyphal length
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The influence of a Cu-Ni smelter on the soil microbial parameters: physiological groups of bacteria, soil respiration, fungal hyphal length, and green-needle litter decomposition, were investigated. The microbial parameters were reduced and this was significantly explained (P〈0.01) by the supplied environmental variables: exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, soil moisture, pH, and organic C as loss on ignition (Canoco, RDA-analysis). The importance of measuring exchangeable cations for major and trace elements appeared to be a relevant factor that must be considered when establishing relationships between microbial populations, their activity and the effect of heavy metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260522
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil respiration in eucalypt forests of southeastern Australia (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 154-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil respiration ; Eucalyptus forests ; Glucose ; Water-soluble carbon ; Eucalyptus regnans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Soil respiration was measured in five eucalypt forests of southeastern Australia. Regardless of the type of forest, the rate of respiration in soils responded to the addition of an available C source (glucose) and did not to the addition of N or P. Addition of glucose, at up to 100% of the glucose equivalent in soil, increased the rate of respiration sigmoidally. The concentration of glucose needed to achieve the maximum rate of respiration in the topsoil (0–2 cm) of an Eucalyptus regnans forest was at least an order of magnitude greater than its equivalent in the soil. The results indicate that microbial respiration in soils from eucalypt forests is limited by an available source of C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257759
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of microbial biomass and soil fauna in two contrasting soils cropped to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 144-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Cryoboralf ; Cryoboroll ; Microarthropods ; Nematodes ; Protozoa ; Soil respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This study compared the dynamics of shoots, roots, microbial biomass and faunal populations in two different soils cropped to barley. The dynamics of microbial C, protozoa, nematodes, acari, collembola, shoot and root mass were measured between July and October under barley at Ellerslie (Black Chernozem, Typic Cryoboroll) and Breton (Gray Luvisol, Typic Cryoboralf) in central Alberta. Very wet soil conditions in early July reduced the barley yield at Breton. The peak shoot mass was greater at Ellerslie (878 g m−2) compared to Breton (582 g m−2), but the root mass did not differ significantly between sites. Microbial C at 0–30 cm depth was greater at Ellerslie (127 g m−2) than Breton (68 g m−2). The average protozoa population (no. m−2) did not differ significantly between sites. The average nematode population at 0–20 cm depth was greater at Ellerslie (5.1 × 106 no. m−2) compared to Breton (1.0 × 106 no. m−2) Acari and collembola populations at 0–10 cm depth at Ellerslie (43 × 103 and 43 × 102 no. m−2), respectively) were greater than at Breton (2 × 104 and 9 × 102 no. m−2) respectively). Tenday laboratory incubations of 0–10 cm soil samples from Ellerslie evolved more CO2-C (120 μg g−1 soil) compared to samples from Breton (97 μg g−1 soil), but the CO2-C evolution did not differ when expressed on an area basis (g m−2) due to the greater soil bulk density at Breton. The soil from Breton respired twice as much CO2-C when expressed as a proportion of soil C and 1.5 times as much CO2-C when expressed as a proportion of microbial C, compared to the soil from Ellerslie. The greater CO2-C: microbial C ratio, lower flush C:N ratio, and greater protozoa population: soil C ratio at Breton compared to Ellerslie suggest that the food web was relatively more active at Breton and was related to greater C availability and water availability at Breton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257758
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme activity and carbon dioxide evolution from upland and wetland rice soils under three agricultural practices in hilly regions (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 359-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil enzymes ; Soil respiration ; Hill agriculture ; Wetland rice ; Dehydrogenase activity - Urease activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Dehydrogenase activity (a measure of microbial biomass), urease activity and CO2 evolution were measured in soils planted to rice (Oryza sativa L.) under three different agricultural practices prevalent in hill regions. The effects of hill slope, terrace and valley agriculture were investigated for two cropping seasons. The valleys and terraces were kept flooded during each cropping season while the hill slopes were cultivated with dryland practices. The type of agricultural practice and the date of observation had a significant influence on enzyme activity and CO2 evolution. A positive correlation was observed between dehydrogenase and urease activity and soil moisture content. Dehydrogenase and urease activity and soil respiration were positively correlated among themselves. The activity of both enzymes and CO2 evolution were highest in valley soils followed by terrace and hill-slope sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257833
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freezing as a means of preserving samples in soil respiration studies (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 95-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil respiration ; Substrate-induced respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Freezing was investigated as a means of preserving samples in soil respiration studies. Concentrations of CO2 in the headspaces of incubation bottles before and after freezing, and respiration rates derived from fresh or frozen samples were not significantly different over periods of up to 30 days. Freezing permits many samples to be assayed for respiratory activity at one time, increases the accuracy of the incubation period and defers the need to analyse headspace concentrations of CO2 until it is convenient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260523
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of magnetic anisotropies in ultrathin epitaxial films of Fe(001) and Ni(001) (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 473-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 75.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ultrathin films, bcc Fe(001) on Ag(001), fcc Fe(001) on Cu(001) and Fe/Ni(001) bilayers on Ag, were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. A wide range of surface science tools were employed to establish the quality of epitaxial growth. Ferromagnetic resonance and Brillouin light scattering were used to extract the magnetic properties. Emphasis was placed on the study of magnetic anisotropies. Large uniaxial anisotropies with easy axis perpendicular to the film surface were observed in all ultrathin structures studied. These anisotropies were particularly strong in fcc Fe and bcc Fe films. In sufficiently thin samples the saturation magnetization was oriented perpendicularly to the film surface in the absence of an applied field. It has been demonstrated that in bcc Fe films the uniaxial perpendicular anisotropy originates at the film interfaces. In situ measurements indentified the strength of the uniaxial perpendicular anisotropy constant at the Fe/vacuum, Fe/Ag and Fe/Au interfaces asK us = 0.96, 0.63, and 0.3 ergs/cm2 respectively. The surface anisotropies deduced for [bulk Fe/noble metal] interfaces are in good agreement with the values obtained from ultrathin films. Hence the perpendicular surface ansiotropies originate in the broken symmetry at abrupt interfaces. An observed decrease in the cubic anisotropy in bcc Fe ultrathin films has been explained by the presence of a weak 4th order in-plane surface anisotropy,K 1∥S=0.012 ergs/cm2. Fe/Ni bilayers were also investigated. Ni grew in the pure bcc structure for the first 3–6 ML and then transformed to a new structure which exhibited unique magnetic properties. Transformed ultrathin bilayers possessed large inplane 4th order anisotropies far surpassing those observed in bulk Fe and Ni. The large 4th order anisotropies originate in crystallographic defects formed during the Ni lattice transformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617014
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrathin film magnetic research at the Naval Research Laboratory (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 513-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 75.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Scientists at the Naval Research Laboratory have been using molecular beam epitaxy techniques to grow a variety of high quality magnetic transition metal (TM) films and superlattices having TM thicknesses in the 1–10 monolayer regime. The magnetic and structural properties of these samples have been studied with a wide variety of standard and spin-sensitive techniques, both in vacuo and, when suitably protected, in air. The magnetic behavior of the materials is strongly modified as the TM layers become ultrathin. This work is illustrated with examples involving ultrathin Fe layers on Ag(001), Fe/Ag(001) superlattices containing ultrathin Fe layers, and bcc Co on GaAs(110).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617018
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic surface anisotropy of transition metal ultrathin films (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 499-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 75.30G ; 75.30T ; 75.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In order to study the magnetic anisotropy of transition metal ultrathin films, we have performed tight-binding calculations including spin-orbit coupling. Beside the anisotropy energy these calculations also yield the orbital moment, which turns out to be much more anisotropic than in bulk materials. The effects of interfacial mismatch and roughness are discussed within phenomenological models. We also briefly review experimental results on the magnetic surface anisotropy (MSA) in transition metal ultrathin films. In some cases such as Au/Co/Au(111) sandwiches the MSA wins the competition with the shape anisotropy arising from the magnetostatic energy: below a critical thickness this leads to aperpendicular spontaneous magnetization. We show the effects of this crossover on the hysteresis loops and on the magnetoresistance, and the effects of interface roughness on the critical thickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617016
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