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  • Articles  (17,842)
  • 1985-1989  (17,842)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1987  (17,842)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (14,790)
  • Technology  (1,760)
  • Sociology  (1,653)
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  • Articles  (17,842)
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Publisher
Years
  • 1985-1989  (17,842)
  • 1950-1954
Year
Journal
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of Tornadic Thunderstorms (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 369-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.002101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic Fluids (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 437-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.002253
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent Developments in Rapid-Distortion Theory (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 531-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.002531
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rarefaction Waves in Liquid and Gas-Liquid Media (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 577-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.003045
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ludwig Prandtl and His Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 1-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.000245
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Upstream Blocking and Airflow Over Mountains (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 75-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.000451
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent Secondary Flows (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 53-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.000413
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Description of Eddying Motions and Flow Patterns Using Critical-Point Concepts (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 125-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.001013
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Viscoelastic Flows Through Contractions (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 157-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.001105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscous Fingering in Porous Media (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 271-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.001415
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Thermocapillary Instabilities (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 403-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.002155
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolated Eddy Models in Geophysics (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 493-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.002425
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trade unions and new technology in West Germany (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The attitudes and policy orientations of the West German unions to the development and utilisation of new technologies have changed substantially over the past three decades. Contemporary union policies are more critical and more politically oriented: the changes which they seek, to more successfully influence technological developments, have potentially crucial significance for the future character and stability of the West German industrial relations system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00078.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Employment effects of technological change (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article examines the debate about whether new technology creates or displaces jobs. It emphasises the occupational dimension, in order to assess some of the policies relating to education, training and income distribution. Finally, the role of technological change is examined in terms of the quality of the resulting job structure and the issue of income and skill polarization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00079.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The NGA and the impact of new technology (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: In the past the NGA dominated the communications world of paper and ink. This domination is being undermined by the micro-processor revolution which is creating an alternative communications world based on electronic devices and in which the NGA presently has little influence. Here the author analyses the strategies and policies adopted by the NGA to retain its influence in the ‘shrinking’communications world of paper and to gain some influence in the new communications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00080.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New technology, innovation and training: an empirical study of selected British firms (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article is based on a survey of manufacturing sites, and the relation between production innovation and skills provision strategies encountered therein. It discusses the ways in which trends towards process integration and product flexibility are encouraging moves away from the traditional dependence on ‘off-the-shelf’skills recruitment and towards a greater emphasis on training, often of a flexible and cross-disciplinary type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00077.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Tomteboda Mail Centre Revisited (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The first issue of NTWE featured a piece on work organisation at the Swedish Mail Centre at Tomteboda. In the light of a recent visit there, the author responds to that original account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00082.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Neo-corporatism and technological change in Australia: an international perspective (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Industrialised nations have responded to the recent impact of new technology either by planning within a corporatist framework, or by reacting to changes determined by ‘market forces’. Australia is moving from the second to the first strategy because of a combination of political and legal changes, building upon traditional institutions
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00081.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Book Reviews (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Book review in this ArticleTechnology and the Human ProspectMachinery of Dominance, Women, Knowledge and Technical Know-howComputer Chips and Paper Clips, Volume 1Gender and the Labour ProcessTowards the Automatic Factory? The Need for TrainingManaging New TechnologyThe Silicon Society
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00083.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Editorial: the NTWE in 1987 (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00068.x
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    Trade union policies on new technology: facing the challenges of the 1980s (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Although trade unions have generally agreed TUC policy on new technology, they found it difficult to follow policy and make acceptance conditional. Economic circumstances, employer strategies and the structure of trade unions and collective bargaining, constrain the realisation of policy objectives. But there are also weaknesses in the policies themselves and the resources trade unions dedicate to new technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00069.x
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    The technological imperative and the quality of employment (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article challenges the widespread concept of a ‘technological imperative’which is alleged to lead to greater economic efficiency. The socio-technical model, supported by evidence from past research and recent cases, undermines the validity of the ‘imperative’and presents an alternative based on choices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00070.x
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
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    Flexible manufacturing systems in Britain and the USA (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Comparing a British with an American Flexible Manufacturing System highlights both differences in de facto and formal work organisation and the separate influence of overall management policies. Contrary to prevailing theories it is the practical resolution of these policies that either stifles or permits polyvalent, ‘autonomous’work-groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00071.x
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
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    Considerations on the collective dimension of work (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The introduction of new technologies combined with demanning policies has brought about a greater awareness of the importance of the collective dimensions of work. Research work, in France, has been investigating the notions of ‘work groups’* and ‘collective/group skills’. These are key issues concerned with the mastering of new technologies, and the creation of ‘new forms’of work organization, such as quality circles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00072.x
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Computer technology and the job of the First-Line Supervisor (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article presents a detailed case study of changes in the job tasks of British Rail yard supervisors under the routine operation of a computerised system of freight information control in order to critically evaluate the claim that computer technology is contributing to the demise of first-line supervisors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00073.x
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  • 26
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    Book reviews (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Book review in this ArticleSunrise EuropeNEDC Long-term perspectives group, IT Futures: What current forecasting literature says about the social impact of information technologyHuman Factors: Man, Machine and New TechnologyWorking the System: The Shop Floor and New Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00076.x
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  • 27
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    New technology and training: Missed opportunities (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article identifies the avenues used by UK firms to acquire the work skills needed to operate the new technologies. Having found that retraining is the most popular avenue, the author turns to issues such as who identified the retraining needs, how they were met and with what degree of success. In the process, disturbing tendencies are discovered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1987.tb00074.x
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  • 28
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    Feature—International Industrial Relations Association Seventh World Congress Hamburg, West Germany, September 1986 (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 2 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: As technological change was a main item at the IIRA World Congress the author was invited to write a short report on it for NTWE
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  • 29
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    Confined Vortices in Flow Machinery (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 27-52 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.000331
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  • 30
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    Cavitation Bubbles Near Boundaries (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 99-123 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.000531
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  • 31
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    Tsunamis (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 217-236 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.001245
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  • 32
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    Theory of Solute Transport by Groundwater (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 183-213 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.001151
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  • 33
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    Turbulent Premixed Flames (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 237-270 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.001321
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  • 34
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    Computation of Flows with Shocks (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 313-337 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.001525
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  • 35
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    Spectral Methods in Fluid Dynamics (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 339-367 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.002011
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  • 36
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    Von Karman Swirling Flows (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 465-491 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.002341
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  • 37
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    Freedom, Property Rights and Innovation in Socialism (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 40 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The central issue in this paper is the effect of alternative property rights on the flow of innovation. The basis for this issue arises from the fact that people prefera wider range of choices to a narrow one. The analysis is broken down into: the freedom to innovate, the power to innovate, the incentives to innovate, the implementation of innovation, and the evaluation of innovation. The line of reasoning in the paper is exampled by reference to the Yugoslav economy. The paper concludes that an essential problem of economic development is the freedom to search for and adopt a set of social institutions within which opportunities and incentives for innovation are enhanced. Specifically, labor participation in management collectivizes innovation, a purely individual phenomenon, and alienates the innovator from its outcome. In comparison with a private-property, free-market economy, self-management reduces the number of potential innovators, their power to innovate, and incentives to innovate.
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    Voting on Social Security: The Family as Decision-Making Unit (1987)
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    Notes: In periods of demographic change, pay-as-you-go financed social security systems imply transfers of lifetime income not only among generational cohorts, but also between families of different size and generational composition. Whereas previous models of voting on social security in democratic societies focused on the first type of transfer and assumed homogeneity of interests within each generation, we treat the family as the relevant decision-making unit. It is then analyzed how the results of majority voting on public pension and sickness funds depend on the rate of time preference, the overall rate of population growth and the distribution of children across families. Not surprisingly, opposition to mandatory social security turns out to be greatest when children are most unevenly distributed.
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    Zur politischen Ökonomie der Protektion in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1987)
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    Notes: Der Beitrag untersucht die Bedeutung von Ansätzen der Neuen Politischen Ökonomie für die Erklärung der Protektion in Industrien der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Nach einer Darstellung der theoretischen Grundüberlegungen folgt ein kurzer Überblick über empirische Untersuchungen zu Bestimmungsgründen der Protektion in der Bundesrepublik. In einer ökonometrischen Untersuchung werden dann Modelle geschätzt und getestet, die als endogene Variable das Niveau der Gesamtprotektion einer Branche und als exogene Variablen eine Reihe von Grössen, die in Modellen der Neuen Politischen Ökonomie für relevant erachtet werden, enthalten. Wichtige Ergebnisse sind: Ein mit den theoretischen Überlegungen übereinstimmendes und statistisch signifikantes Vorzeichen ergab sich für den Konzentrationsgrad (positiv), den Wertschöpfungsanteil am Output (negativ) und den Importdruck aus Entwicklungsländern (positiv). Entgegen einer früheren Untersuchung für die Bundesrepublik ist jedoch die Richtung des Einflusses der Anzahl der Firmen und der Beschäftigten statistisch nicht gesichert und umgekehrt wie in den theoretischen Modellen abgeleitet.
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    Erhaltene Bücher - Livres reçus - Books Received (1987)
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    On the Treatment of Income Tax Rates in Empirical Analysis of Tax Evasion (1987)
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    Notes: In this paper, it is argued that average tax rates exert an influence on income tax evasion separate from, and opposite to that of marginal tax rates. Failure to account for this effect in empirical evasion models biases the parameter estimate of the marginal rate in a predictable manner. Evidence from an aggregate empirical model of evasion in the US indicates that the marginal tax rate is positively related to evasion, whereas the average tax rate is negatively related. Further, exclusion of the average rate from the model does in fact bias the parameter estimate of the marginal tax rate.
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    The Pope and the Price of Meat: A Public Choice Perspective (1987)
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    Notes: Modern economics has expanded beyond treating economic institutions as exogenous. This paper applies public choice and modern regulatory theory to the twentiethcentury Roman Catholic Church and attempts to discover why the decision was made in 1966 to absolve Catholics from the requirement that meat not be eaten on most Fridays of the year. We provide a cartel analysis of the institutional backdrop and power structure of the College of Cardinals within the Church. In this framework, self-interest, the geographic production of beef and fish, and the expanded number of voters in the College of Cardinals are the keys to understanding why Pope PAUL VI decided to change the relative price of meat and to alter penance rules in 1966.
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    Capitalism Needs Risk-, not Profit-Sharing (1987)
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    Notes: The analysis of general risk-sharing systems shows that profit-sharing represents a special case of the more general systems. General risk-sharing systems are more efficient than profit-sharing systems in that they permit contracting parties to exclude or treat differently certain types of risk, especially those which are endogenous to the firm and its management and therefore subject to moral hazard. Most important, general risk-sharing systems make it possible to exclude the returns from entrepreneurial risk-taking from share arrangements with workers. This feature makes general risk-taking consistent with the efficient operation of dynamic SCHUMPETERian market economies. Risk-sharing systems can also be used to increase the efficiency of contracts between parties other than employers and employees and they are most likely to raise welfare when one of the contracting parties is the government.
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    Cycles and Substitutions in Terrorist Activities: A Spectral Approach (1987)
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    Notes: We use spectral analysis to provide evidence that cycles have characterized the following time series: all terrorist events, skyjackings, kidnappings, barricade and hostage-taking, and all events not involving hostages. The series for all events had a periodicity of 28 months, while skyjackings had two significant periodicities - 4.1 months and 28 months. Only a single significant periodicity was associated with barricade and hostage events and kidnappings -72 months and 48 months, respectively. We also found that nonlinear trends best represented four of the five series. Cross-spectral analysis was then applied to the six possible pairs of series; each pair displays from three to nine statistically significant coherencies. Moreover, we discovered evidence of orthogonality for five of the six pairs studied. This evidence suggests that terrorists substitute between related events; this substitution primarily showed up in the short run.
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    Granger-Kausalität und rationale Erwartungen (1987)
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    Investment Premiums: Expensive but Hardly Effective (1987)
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    Bureaucracy Response to Budget Cuts: An Economic Model (1987)
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    The Opportunity Cost of Import Tariffs (1987)
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    Risk Allocation in Large-Scale Resource Ventures (1987)
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    Notes: The paper analyzes risk allocation in large-scale resource ventures. High set-up costs, a long gestation period of ten years and more and a high financial risk are characteristics for large-scale resource ventures. Financial risk is the result of economic risk (price risk, cost risk), technological risk (innovation in extraction, exploration) and political risk (taxation schemes, extraction rights). Large-scale resource ventures represent an interesting case of risk allocation in which many players are involved. Institutional arrangements for risk allocation in large-scale resource ventures are interpreted as a complex net of contractual relationships between different players. The paper analyzes a theoretical framework in which risk allocation is studied. Policies of risk shifting for the individual agent and institutional arrangements for risk shifting in the case of large-scale resource ventures are studied. The net of relations between different players is a check on the strategic behavior arising from idiosyncratic problems and thus reduces contract risk.
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    Cooperating Adversaries (1987)
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    Notes: In this paper we argue that mutual altruism might explain why workers and a firm move from low-productivity adversarial point(s) to high-productivity cooperative point(s). The unique critical level of such altruism is identified and hence a stopping rule is provided: The mutual altruism solution to an otherwise prisoner's dilemma equilibrium depends on representing an agent's (workers, firm) preferences as a specific convex combination of his and the other agent's original utilities. The move to the cooperative point(s) is facilitated by revision of the utility functions and a consequent change in the payoffs. This, in turn, is brought about through intrafirm processes such as furnishing employees with superior compensation packages as well as through an interfirm process - drawing lessons from ‘shocks’ - the experience of firms which, as they were locked in low productivity equilibrium points, were weeded out.
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    An International Trade Flow Model with Substitution: An Extension of the Gravity Model (1987)
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    Notes: The traditional gravity model has often been applied to international trade flows, especially to analyze trade creation and trade diversion. However, there are two fundamental objections to the model: it cannot describe substitutions between flows, and it lacks a cogent theoretical foundation. A newly developed model, the Extended Gravity Model (EGM), overcomes these objections. An empirical test strongly rejects the gravity model in favour of the EGM. The empirical analysis also proves that the gravity model widely overestimates the influence of the determinants of international trade. The EGM encompasses several models originating in regional economics, and can be applied usefully to a variety of subjects.
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    Autoren - Auteurs - Authors (1987)
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    Besprechungen - Comptes rendus - Reviews (1987)
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    Notes: Book reviewed in this ArticleAUBIN, JEAN-PIERRE; SAARI, DONALD and SIGMUND, KARL (eds.): Dynamics of MacrosystemsBECKER, WILLIAM E. and WALSTAD, WILLIAM B. (eds.): Econometric Modeling in Economic Education ResearchBLIEN, UWE: Unternehmensverhalten und ArbeitsmarktstrukturBÖBEL, INGO: Wettbewerb und IndustriesektorBREIT, WLLIAM and SPENCER, ROGER W. (eds.): Lives of the Laureates. Seven Nobel EconomistsCLARKE, ROGER: Industrial EconomicsCORDEN, W. MAX: Protection, Growth and TradeDONALD, DAVID HERBERT: Look Homeward: A Life of Thomas WolfeEASTMAN, BYRON D.: Interpreting Mathematical Economics and EconometricsHANNAN, E. J.: Time Series AnalysisFITZROY, FELIX R. und KRAFT, KORNELIUS (Hrsg.): Mitarbeiterbeteiligung und Mitbestimmung im UnternehmenHALPERIN, MORTON H.: Nuclear Fallacy: Dispelling the Myth of Nuclear StrategyHARCOURT, G. C. and HAMOUDA, C. F. (eds): Controversies in Political EconomyHÖDL, ERICH/MÜLLER, GERNOT (Hrsg.): Die Neoklussik und ihre KritikHOGARTH, ROBIN M, and REDER, MELVIN W. (eds.): Rational Choice: The Contrast between Economics and PsychologyJÄNICKE, MARTIN; SIMONIS, UDO ERNST und WEIGMANN, GERD (Hrsg.): Wissen für die UmweltKIERZKOWSKI, HENRYK (ed.): Monopolistic Competition and International TradeKÖLLNER, LUTZ: Rüstung und EntwicklungSCHMÄHL, WINFRIED et al.: Soziale Sicherung 1975-1985. Verteilungswirkungen sozialpolitischer Massnahmen in der Bundesrepublik DeutschlandSNOWDEN, P. N.: Emerging Risk in International Banking
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    Erhaltene Bücher - Livres reçus - Books received (1987)
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    Why the Latin American Countries will Never Form a Debtors' Cartel (1987)
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    Notes: It is shown that there is a positive non-linear relationship between a Latin American borrower country's trade surplus and its service and capital accounts, and therefore the balance of payments. Pooled regressions are used to test quadratic and semi-logarithmic specifications. Most large or medium-size countries either are able to choose between a range of sensible, non-confrontational policy options, or especial characteristics apply to them; thus the scope for a debtors' cartel is very poor. The default rule that recommends debt repudiation if new loans are lower than payments on old ones is found to be misleading.
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    Übervölkerung - eine Kriegsursache? Kritische Anmerkungen zu Alois Wenig (1987)
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    Towards the Simple Economics of Natural Liberty: An Exploratory Analysis (1987)
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    Besprechungen - Comptes rendus - Reviews (1987)
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    Notes: Book reviewed in this ArticleAGARWAL, JAMUNA PRASAD: Pros and Cons of Third World MultinationalsAMBROSIUS, GEROLD und HUBBARD, WILLIAM H.: Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte Europas im 20. JahrhundertBADHAM, RICHARD J.: Theories of Industrial SocietyBEBERMEYER, HARTMUT: Das Beziehungsfeld Politische Planung und Strategische UnternehmungsplanungBRANDES, WILHELM: Über die Grenzen der Schreibtisch-ÖkonomieBRENNAN, GEOFFREY and BUCHANAN, JAMES M.: The Reason of RulesDEGER, SAADET: Military Expenditure in Third World CountriesGÄLLI, ANTON und ALKAZAZ, AZIZ: Der arabische BankensektorGASSLER, ROBERT SCOTT: The Economics of Nonprofit EnterpriseHALLWOOD, PAUL and MACDONALD, RONALD: International MoneyHAYWARD, JACK: The State and the Market EconomyHUFBAUER, GARY CLYDE and SCHOTT, JEFFREY J.: Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and Current PolicyLIESCHKE, LOTHAR H.: Technischer Fortschritt und AussenhandelMICHAELY, MICHAEL: Trade, Income Levels and DependancePFALLER, ALFRED (Hrsg.): Der Kampf um den Wohlstand von MorgenSCHMIDT, CHRISTIAN: La sémantique économique en questionSICHEL, BEATRICE and SICHEL, WERNER: Economics Journals and Serials: An Analytical GuideTEICHGRABER, RICHARD: ‘Free Trade' and Moral Philosophy, Rethinking the Sources of Adam Smith's Wealth of NationsUnited Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO): International Comparative Advantage in ManufacturingWULFF, MANFRED: Theorien und Dogmen als Ursachen wirtschaftspolitischer Probleme, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot 1985. 180 S. DM 68.00.
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    Trade and Dynamic Efficiency (1987)
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    Besprechungen - Comptes rendus - Reviews (1987)
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    Notes: Book reviewed in this ArticleARROW, KENNETH J. and INTRILIGATOR, MICHAEL D. (eds.): Handbook of Mathematical Economics.BARANZINI, MAURO and SCAZZIERI, ROBERTO (eds.): Foundations of Economics.BLASEIO, HELMUTH: Das Kognos-Prinzip.CRAMER, J. S.: Econometric Applications of Maximum Likelihood MethodsFISHER, ROBERT M.: The Logic of Economic Discovery.FURNHAM, ADRIAN and LEWIS, ALAN: The Economic Mind.JACQUEMIN, ALEXIS: Industrieökonomik.KATHURIA, SANJAY and TANEJA, NISHA: The Challenge from ChinaKÖRNER, HEIKO und UHLIG, CHRISTIAN (Hrsg.): Die Zukunft der Globalsteuerung.MARGLIN, STEPHEN A.: Growth, Distribution and Prices.MCCLOSKEY, DONALD N.: The Rhetoric of EconomicsVON MOLTKE, ALBRECHT: Die private Verwendung von ECU.NUTZINGER, HANS G. (Hrsg.): Liberalismus im Kreuzfeuer.Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Gestion Publique Rurale/Rural Public ManagementSAMUELSON, LARRY(ed.): Microeconomic TheorySCHELBERT-SYFRIG, HEIDI et al. (Hrsg.): Mikroökonomik des Arbeitsmarktes.SCHELLING, WOMAS C.: Choice and Consequence.SCHMÄHL, WINFRIED (Hrsg.): Versicherungsprinzip und soziale SicherungSOMBART, NICOLAUS: Jugend in Berlin, 1933-1943.VOGT, WINFRIED: Theorie der kapitalistischen und einer laboristischen Ökonomie.
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    Lieber begehrt und im Überfluss als überflüssig und in Not: Ein Beispiel (1987)
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    Notes: Sättigung bedeutet, dass der Grenznutzen des Einkommens abnimmt und die Arbeitsmotivation sinkt. Die beobachtbare Konsequenz von Sättigung müsste also eine Verkürzung der Arbeitszeit bei den vergleichsweise Reicheren sein. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass diese Schlussfolgerung falsch ist. Im Gegenteil und scheinbar paradox gilt: Sättigung wird sich eher in Form von höheren Einkommensforderungen, also gewissermassen als Gier äussern. Umgekehrt kann es jenen, die mit der Zufriedenstellung ihrer Mindestansprüche kämpfen, passieren, dass sie bei niedrigeren Lohnsätzen enden, wenn sie ihre Ansprüche reduzieren, um weniger arbeiten zu müssen.
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    Inflation in Portugal, 1953-1980: An Econometric Analysis (1987)
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper is a study of inflation in Portugal during the years 1953-1980, a period marked by political revolution and the start of the country's modern economic development. The analysis is conducted within the context of the monetarist-structuralist debate and employs, as explanatory variables, changes in expected prices, money, permanent income, exchange rates, and a vector of structural factors. Ordinary least squares and first- and second-order autoregressive models, estimated by means of BEACH and MCKINNON'S full maximum likelihood technique, are the empirical methods used to investigate the sources of this inflation. In addition to the usual hypotheses, the question of economies of scale in money-holding and the general equilibrium notion of a direct and proportional relationship between changes in money and prices are tested. The empirical results demonstrate that, despite political upheaval and government intervention in the market, neoclassical theory provides a reliable explanation of inflation in Portugal during the period considered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1987.tb02673.x
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    Erhaltene Bücher - Livres reçus - Books Received (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 40 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1987.tb02678.x
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    Political Business Cycles in Industrialized Democratic Countries: A Comment (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 40 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1987.tb00790.x
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    The Opportunity Cost of Import Tariffs - A Comment (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 40 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1987.tb00791.x
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    Autoren - Auteurs - Authors (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 40 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1987.tb00794.x
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    Tax Rate and Government Expenditure (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 40 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article is concerned with the development and empirical application of a behavioural model of government policies. A short discussion of the existing models in this field, such as reaction-function models, voting models, and interest group models, is given. A simple model of government behaviour is presented, using the so called interest function approach. In the model a central role is allocated to the own interests of government sector workers (politicians and bureaucrats). The interests of social groups outside the government organization are taken into account by the government through factors such as mobility (probability of becoming a member of another group) and pressure through political parties or otherwise. This leads to the formulation of what is called a complex interest function for the government which is maximized to determine its behaviour. The model is applied to The Netherlands (1921-1985). A striking outcome is that the numerical strengths of the three social groups that are actively involved in the production process, to wit government and private sector workers, and self-employed, appear to be determinant for the overall tax rate and the relative level of government expenditure.
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    On Thoughtless Rationality (Rules-of-Thumb) (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 40 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The recognition of the existence of imperfect information in decision-making and the cognitive limitations of the human mind put various assumptions of the neoclassical economic paradigm in doubt. Neoclassical economists responded by arguing that decision rules, or rules of thumb, can be used to render decision without processing information. Further, neoclassicists have suggested that rational rules compete against and drive out irrational ones. This paper focuses on the use of rules of thumb and posits that the empirical evidence about the rationality of these rules is dubious and that they logically cannot serve as a basis for rational conduct.
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    Besprechungen - Comptes rendus - Reviews (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 40 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: BARRO, ROBERT J.: MakroökonomieBayerische Rückversicherung AG (Hrsg.): Gesellschaft und UnsicherheitBERGSTRÖM, VILLY; HONKAPOHJA, SEPPO and SÖDERSTEN, JAN (eds.): Growth and DistributionBLAUG, MARK: Great Economists before KeynesBOITEUX, M.; DE MONTBRIAL, TH. et MUNIER, B. (eds.): Marchés, Capital et IncertitudeBRAUN, WOLFRAM: Die Organisation ökonomischer AktivitätenCNOSSEN, SIJBREN: Tax Coordination in the European CommunityCOFFEY, PETER: The European Monetary System - Past, Present and FutureFEIWEL, GEORGE R. (ed.): Arrow and the Ascent of Modern Economic TheoryGHOSH, RATNA and ZACHARIAH, MATHEW(eds.): Education and the Process of Social ChangeGLAESER, BERNHARD (ed.): EcodevelopmentHERI, ERWIN W.: Die GeldnachfrageJÄGGI, CHRISTIAN M.: Die Makroökonomik von J. M. KeynesMEADE, JAMES E.: Alternative Systems of Business Organization and of Workers’ RemunerationMINAMI, RYOSHIN: The Economic Development of JapanRAMSER, HANS-JÜRGEN: VerteilungstheorieRAVALLION, MARTIN: Markets and FaminesROLOFF, OTTO und WILD, WERNER: Umweltschutz in öffentlichen BudgetsSARGENT, THOMAS J.: Dynamic Macroeconomic TheorySTAUSS, BERND: Grundlagen des Marketing öffentlicher Unternehmen
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    Falsificationism and Fallibilism as Epistemic Foundations of Economics: A Critical View (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 40 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: A new awareness of the major issues in the contemporary philosophy of science is one of the most remarkable features of current debates on economic methodology. Under the prevailing influence of POPPER'S writings, for example, it has been repeatedly maintained that POPPERian falsificationism ought to be regarded as the proper methodological framework for the appraisal of economic theories. More recently, it has also been argued we should see POPPERian fallibilism as the right epistemological perspective for approaching the problem of agents' behaviour in economic theory. This paper suggests that both such perspectives are doomed to failure: the former because of the heuristic nature of most economic theories, the latter for having overlooked the sharp contrast between ‘practical’ and ‘scientific’ rationality which is so typical of POPPERian epistemology. As often the case when methodology is concerned, criticism is easier than the provision of a sound alternative. We suggest, however, that a fallibilist economist and a falsificationist economic man could do economics a much better service than vice versa.
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    Stagflation and Shortageflation: A Comparative Approach (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 40 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper compares inflation and unemployment in western market economies with the repressed inflation and persistent shortages common in centrally planned economies. Stagflation and shortageflation, the latter defined as inflation accompanied by shortages, have much in common, and a similar, albeit inverse, theoretical structure is offered. Measures of stagflation for the western economies and development of a conceptual framework for measuring shortageflation for the eastern European socialist countries leads to a new ‘misery index' facilitating comparisons that are not as misleading as comparison only of inflation rates. They suggest that Italy and Poland have the most severe unhappiness index, and West Germany and East Germany have the lowest unhappiness index. Furthermore, where relative prices fail to reflect relative scarcities, then the failure of production to fully respond, and the time and other resources wasted through queuing, gluts, and other allocative inefficiencies can slow growth.
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    Übervölkerung - eine Kriegsursache? Eine Replik zur Kritik (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 40 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1987.tb02676.x
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    The Early History of the Materials Research Laboratories (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 1-13 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.17.080187.000245
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    Heavy-Electron Metals (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 13-33 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    High-Strength Concrete (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 35-56 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Ceramics (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 57-74 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.17.080187.000421
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    Development of High-Quality InP Single Crystals (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 75-100 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Crucible-Free Methods of Growing Oxide Crystals from the Melt (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 101-122 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.17.080187.000533
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    The Microscopy of Bulk-Grown III-V Semiconductor Materials (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 123-148 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.17.080187.001011
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    Transport in Chemical Potential Gradients of Multicomponent Oxides (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 149-160 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.17.080187.001053
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    Synthesis of Diamond Under Metastable Conditions (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 161-187 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.17.080187.001113
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    Organic Thin Films for Semiconductor Wafer Diagnostics (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 189-217 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.17.080187.001201
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    Interdiffusion in Amorphous Multilayered Materials (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 219-233 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.17.080187.001251
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    Polymer Materials for Microlithography (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 235-271 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.17.080187.001315
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    The Science and Engineering of Large- Diameter Czochralski Silicon Crystal Growth (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 273-298 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.17.080187.001421
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    Metal Oxide Varistors (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 299-321 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.17.080187.001503
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    Ceramic Substrates for Microelectronic Packaging (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 323-340 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Strength and Toughness of Ceramic Matrix Composites (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 17 (1987), S. 341-383 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    INFORMATION ON CONFERENCES/SEMINARS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00491.x
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    SOFTWARE SURVEY SECTION (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00492.x
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    MODEL-BASED STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN Ti 6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The framework of a new probabilistic model of short fatigue crack growth was laid down in the preceding paper. In this paper, the model is used to analyze growth rate statistics for surface fatigue cracks in Ti 6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo. Specific models are proposed for the evolution of the stochastic growth control variable, which appears subsequently as an independent variable in a parametric law for the growth rate. Comparison with data shows that for cracks of length 10–250 μm in Ti 6–2-4–6, fluctuations in the instantaneous rate of propagation of each surface crack tip depend only on the visible surface microstructure in the tip's immediate neighborhood. They are not influenced by the microstructural environment of the subsurface crack front. Furthermore, they probably depend only on the sizes of at most the three grains nearest the crack tip, i.e. those within about 30 μm of it.
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    FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION AND CRACK CLOSURE BEHAVIOR IN POLYCARBONATE AND FIBRE REINFORCED POLYCARBONATE (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Fatigue crack propagation was investigated in polycarbonate and glass fibre reinforced polycarbonate and the effect of stress ratio and glass fibre content determined. The addition of glass fibre increases the tensile strength, but does not always contribute to an increase in fatigue crack propagation resistance. For polycarbonate the effect of stress ratio can be partly explained by using crack closure concepts as other researchers have suggested, but for glass fibre reinforced polycarbonate this was not possible. Fractography revealed a void growth process, which occurred by decohesion at the interface of the glass fibres and the base material, which was dependent on the maximum stress intensity factor. The process of linking the voids and the main crack growth behavior depended on the stress intensity factor range, ΔK. A proposed crack propagation model can explain the effect of stress ratio on crack propagation in fibre reinforced polycarbonate.
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    Jc DETERMINATION FOR SHALLOW NOTCH WELDED BEND SPECIMENS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Methods are presented for the determination of J from 3 point bend specimens having 0.1 ≤a/W≤ 0.5 using the load versus crack mouth opening displacement trace. It is intended that the procedure be used to determine Jc, J at unstable fracture in the brittle to ductile transition, from specimens and test procedures which conform to the CTOD test standard BS5762. Elastic-plastic finite element computations are used to demonstrate the adequacy of the proposed estimation procedures for J and to show that it is still possible to apply them to specimens containing welded joints. The problems of defining a centre of rotation for plastic deformation in shallow notched bend specimens are discussed.
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    THE EFFECT OF FREQUENCY IN ENVIRONMENTAL FATIGUE TESTS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The complex dependence of environmental fatigue crack growth rate on loading variables, has been studied for a pressure vessel steel in a pure water environment. Attention has been focused on the frequency effect, which has been interpreted by using a superposition model. With this approach, the maximum expected crack growth rate can be quantitatively estimated as a function of frequency; critical ΔK values for the onset of stress corrosion fatigue can be calculated as a function of crack tip strain rate, which depends on applied load, load rise time and crack length.The approach has been verified by a comparison with experimental data from two laboratories. The agreement of data with the prediction is quite good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00487.x
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    ANNOUNCEMENT (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00201.x
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A PROBABILISTIC MODEL OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A probabilistic model is presented that draws a direct link between stochastic microstructure and the statistics of measured growth rates. The model is formulated as a semi-Markov process. The underlying Markov process describes the evolution of a growth control variable as an explicit function of crack length. The growth control variable is open to a variety of interpretations, depending on the mechanisms known to control growth in any given application. Elapsed fatigue cycles and the distribution of times to failure are calculated by invoking an empirical or postulated law of growth rate. This law is either a deterministic or probabilistic relationship between the growth control variable and the crack velocity. It may, and usually does, contain parameters that are evaluated by calibration against available statistical data. This process guarantees a high level of robustness of the model's predictions. The computational generality of the formulation facilitates the treatment of spectral loading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00490.x
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NEAR-THRESHOLD FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH AND CRACK CLOSURE IN A NODULAR CAST IRON (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Near-threshold fatigue crack growth and crack closure were investigated in a nodular cast iron. Fracture surface roughness was promoted by spheroidal graphites. The spheroidal graphites are partially crushed to form powder which accumulates within the crack and thus enhance crack closure. The marked influence of stress ratio on near-threshold crack growth is due to graphite-induced crack closure. When the contribution of graphite-induced crack closure is excluded, the crack growth characteristics are insensitive to stress ratio, and the threshold behaviour for crack growth tends to disappear. In this case, Young's modulus becomes a controlling material parameter for the power law relationship between crack growth rate and stress intensity range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00206.x
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECTS OF MOISTURE ON THE FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOUR OF A LOW ALLOY STEEL NEAR THRESHOLD (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The influence of moisture on the fatigue crack growth behaviour near threshold of a 2NiCrMoV rotor steel has been investigated. At a high stress ratio (R= 0.6), moisture enhances fatigue crack growth rates by approximately 60% compared with the growth rate in dry air. The effect would appear to be due to the influence of hydrogen which is confined to a volume of material at the crack tip considerably smaller than the plastic zone. At a low stress ratio (R= 0.14), the growth rates in moist air can be very much lower than in dry air. This difference is closely associated with the formation of oxides on the fracture surface—moisture modifying the type and extent of oxidation which is observed. Observations of transient crack growth following environmental changes, suggest that fracture surface oxides within approximately 0.3 mm of the crack tip exert a strong retarding influence on crack growth although oxides up to at least 3 mm from the tip may also have some retarding effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00208.x
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE INFLUENCE OF SPECIMEN GEOMETRY ON NEAR THRESHOLD FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The near threshold fatigue behavior of a nickel base superalloy and a wrought 2024 aluminum alloy is examined as a function of specimen geometry. Experimental results revealed that for a given value of ΔK in Region I, crack growth rates were observed to increase as the specimen loading became more symmetric with respect to the load line. Compact tension type specimens exhibited lower crack growth rates than the more symmetrically loaded center cracked tension specimens. Consideration of the observed discrepancies is given in terms of the near field crack tip stress distribution and deformation behavior of the material affecting crack advance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00211.x
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