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  • Triticum aestivum  (38)
  • Springer  (38)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Annual Reviews
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  • 2005-2009
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  • 1985-1989  (38)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1987  (38)
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  • Springer  (38)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Annual Reviews
  • Copernicus
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  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1985-1989  (38)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere and its relation to the depletion of soil organic phosphorus (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 3 (1987), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Phosphatases ; Rhizosphere ; Organic phosphorus ; Allium cepa ; Brassica oleracea ; Triticum aestivum ; Trifolium alexandrinum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The distribution of phosphatase activity and of phosphate fractions of the soil in the proximity of roots was studied in order to evaluate the significance of phosphatases in P nutrition of various plants (Brassica oleracea, Allium cepa, Triticum aestivum, Trifolium alexandrinum). A considerable increase in both acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in all the four soil-root interfaces was observed. Maximum distances from the root surface at which activity increases were observed ranged from 2.0 mm to 3.1 mm for acid phosphatase and from 1.2 mm to 1.6 mm for alkaline phosphatase. The increase in phosphatase activity depended upon plant age, plant species and soil type. A significant correlation was noticed between the depletion of organic P and phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soil of wheat (r = 0.99**) and clover (r = 0.97**). The maximum organic P depletion was 65% in clover and 86% in wheat, which was observed within a distance from the root of 0.8 mm in clover and 1.5 mm in wheat. Both the phosphatases in combination appear to be responsible for the depletion of organic P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00640630
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon transfer in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) ecosystem (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1987), S. 76-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Biomass accumulation ; Decomposition ; Litter ; Soil organic matter ; Soil respiration ; 14C deposition ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a field experiment with 14C-labeled winter wheat conducted in the north-central region of the United States, crop-accumulated carbon (grain excluded) returned to the soil was found to be 542 g m−2 year−1. Almost half of the carbon from the underground compartment was released in the form of CO2 during the first 3 months after harvest due to very favorable conditions for biological activity. After 18 months, no less than 80% of the carbon from the plant residues was mineralized. About 16% of straw carbon and 24% of root carbon was transferred into soil organic matter. The annual rate of soil organic matter decomposition was approximated as 1.7%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264350
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield response of spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum and T. turgidum) to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense under field conditions (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 27-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; T. turgidum ; Nitrogen fixation ; Field inoculation ; Acetylene reduction assay (ARA)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Eight commercial Israeli spring wheat cultivars (six Triticum aestivum and two T. turgidum) grown with 40 and 120 kg N/ha were tested for responses to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. At the low level of N fertilization (40 kg/ha), five cultivars showed significant increases in plant dry weight measured at the milky ripe stage; however, by maturation only the cultivar “Miriam” showed a significant increase in grain yield. Two cultivars, which had shown a positive inoculation effect at the earlier stages, had a significant decrease in grain yield. No significant effect of inoculation was found at the high N level. To confirm those results, four wheat (T. aestivum) cultivars were tested separately over 4 years in 4 different locations under varying N levels. Only Miriam showed a consistently positive effect of Azospirillum inoculation on grain yield. Inoculation increased the number of roots per plant on Miriam compared with uninoculated plants. This effect was found at all N levels. Nutrient (N, P and K) accumulation and number of fertile tillers per unit area were also enhanced by Azospirillum, but these parameters were greatly affected by the level of applied N. It is suggested that the positive response of the spring wheat cultivar “Miriam” to Azospirillum inoculation is due to its capacity to escape water stresses at the end of the growth season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280347
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peculiar effect of Azospirillum inoculation on growth and nitrogen balance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 55-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Azospirillum brasilense ; Triticum aestivum ; Inoculation ; N and dry matter yield ; N percentages in plant parts ; Associative N2 fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum) grown in pots and in the field under the Mediterranean climate of the south of France were inoculated with a strain of Azospirillum brasilense. Comparisons with non-inoculated plants grown under the same conditions showed significant responses to inoculation with an increase in the number of fertile tillers, shoot and root dry weight, and root to shoot biomass ratio. The roots of inoculated plants attracted relatively more assimilates than those of the control plants until a late stage of growth (heading stage) but the rhizosphere respiration expressed per unit of root growth was not increased by inoculation. Nitrogen yield, both total and in grains, was also enhanced; however, N percentages of all aerial parts of the plants grown in pots were always statistically lower after inoculation than in the control. At maturity, the N % in seeds was 1.81 and 2.45, respectively. The possible mechanisms of this effect of inoculation under the experimental conditions of this study are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280351
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inoculation of field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum) with Azospirillum spp. in Brazil (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 37-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Azospirillum brasilense ; Azospirillum amazonense ; rate reductase ; Inoculation ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three field experiments with wheat were conducted in 1983, 1984, and 1985 in Terra Roxa soil in Paraná, the major Brazilian wheat-growing region, to study inoculation effects of various strains of Azospirillum brasilense and A. amazonense. In all three experiments inoculation with A. brasilense Sp 245 isolated from surface-sterilized wheat roots in Paraná produced the highest plant dry weights and highest N% in plant tops and grain. Grain yield increases with this strain were up to 31 % but were not significant. The application of 60 or 100 kg N ha−1 to the controls increased N accumulation and produced yields less than inoculation with this strain. Another A. brasilense strain from surface-sterilized wheat roots (Sp 107st) also produced increased N assimilation at the lower N fertilizer level but reduced dry weights at the high N level, while strain Sp 7 + Cd reduced dry weights and N% in the straw at both N levels. The A. amazonense strain isolated from washed roots and a nitrate reductase negative mutant of strain Sp 245 were ineffective. Strains Sp 245 and Sp 107st showed the best establishment within roots while strain Cd established only in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280348
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonization of wheat seedling (Triticum aestivum) roots by Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Competition ; Migration ; Colonization potential ; Replica printing ; Triticum aestivum ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Bacillus subtilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Colonization patterns of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis on roots of wheat seedlings growing on water agar were studied qualitatively by replica printing and quantitatively by the plate count method. The results indicated a stronger colonization potential for P. fluorescens (up to 107 cfu/cm root) than for B. subtilis (up to 105 cfu/cm root). Although the numbers of both species were lower when inoculated together, the observed colonization patterns on the roots were comparable to those found with single inoculations. For none of these bacteria was active migration along the root surface in any direction observed, indicating that distal positions are reached mainly by a passive displacement on the root tip and elongating cells. Ecological implications of the observed phenomena are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280349
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of certain herbicides on growth and pathogenicity of take-all fungus on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1987), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Gaeumannomyces graminis ; VegVetative growth ; Pathogenicity ; Herbicides ; Diquat+paraquat ; Glyphosate ; Dicamba ; Trifluralin ; Chlorsulfuron ; Chlorthal dimethyl ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of Spray Seed (diquat + paraquat), Roundup (glyphosate), Banvel-D (dicamba), Treflan (trifluralin), Glean (chlorsulfuron) and Dacthal (chlorthal dimethyl) at concentrations of 0–500 ppm product on the vegetative growth, vigour and pathogenicity of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) on wheat were examined. All herbicides with the exception of dicamba and chlorsulfuron inhibited fungal growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at concentrations 10–500-fold of rates recommended for use in the field. The vegetative growth of the pathogen growing out of straw colonized on PDA supplemented with 100 ppm diquat + paraquat or glyphosate was reduced by 47.4% and 42.4%, respectively. When portions of these colonies were subcultured onto unamended PDA, their growth and the pathogenicity of straw pieces colonized by these subcultures were found to be unaltered. Straw colonized by Ggt on agar amended with concentrations of diquat + paraquat or at all concentrations of glyphosate produced less root disease in wheat seedlings in comparison to those colonized on unamended agar. It is proposed that the reduced pathogenicity of inocula prepared on agar amended with these two herbicides is due to poor colonization by the pathogen of straw on these media, and that a similar effect on saprophytic colonization in the field could lead to a reduction in the field inocula of the pathogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264343
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensive mitochondrial DNA variation in somatic tissue cultures initiated from wheat immature embryos (1987)
    Springer
    Current genetics 12 (1987), S. 369-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Tissue culture ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Genomic variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Wheat mitochondria) DNA has been isolated from callus cultures initiated from both immature embryos and the corresponding parental cultivar. A Sall restriction pattern study has shown that the organization of callus culture mitochondria) DNA underwent extensive change, characterized by either the disappearance or the decrease in the relative stoichiometry of several restriction bands. Hybridization of labelled mitochondrial fragments obtained from a recombinant cosmid library to Southern blots of callus and parental line restricted mitochondria) DNAs has shown that a fraction of the mitochondria) genome was lost in callus cultures. Data from a Sall + HindIII restriction map of a defined part of the wheat mitochondria) genome concerned with some of these variations strongly suggest that the observed variations correspond to the disappearance of at least one mitochondria) DNA subgenomic molecule in callus cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405759
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic control of NADH dehydrogenase-1 and aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase-2 in hexaploid wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 25 (1987), S. 837-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: NADH dehydrogenase ; aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase ; Triticum aestivum ; isozymes ; structural genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic control of NADH dehydrogenase-1 (NDH-1) and aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (AADH-2) was investigated in Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. Evidence was obtained that NDH-1 is active as a monomer and is encoded by genes located in the p arms of the homoeologous group 4 chromosomes. The NDH-1 gene loci located in 4 Ap, 4Bp, and 4Dp were designated Ndh-A1, Ndh-B1, and Ndh-D1, respectively. Aadh-A2 was previously reported to be located in 6Aq; in this study, Aadh-B2 and Aadh-D2 were localized in 6Bq and 6Dq, respectively. Alcohol dehydrogenase-1 is expressed on AADH-2 zymograms; the presence of a contaminating aliphatic alcohol in one or more reagents is suggested as the probable cause of this phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pattern of amyloplast DNA accumulation during wheat endosperm development (1987)
    Springer
    Planta 171 (1987), S. 416-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Amyloplast DNA ; DNA accumulation ; Endosperm development ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The accumulation of amyloplast DNA during endosperm development was studied in two cultivars of spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) and ‘Spica’, small and relatively larger-grained cultivars, respectively. Endosperms were isolated between 9 and 45 days post anthesis (dpa) and the amyloplast DNA content of endosperm nucleic-acid extracts was measured by quantitative hybridisation with a homologous chloroplast-DNA probe. The endosperm cells of CS and Spica accumulated amyloplast DNA during development in a similar way. In both cultivars there was a large increase in the amount of plastid DNA (ptDNA) per endosperm between 9 and about 15 dpa, after which there was no further increase. Because nuclear DNA continued to accumulate until 24 dpa, the percentage contribution of amyloplast DNA to total DNA fluctuated in both cultivars during development, reaching maxima at 12 dpa of about 1.00% and 0.85%, and dropping to apparently constant levels of 0.60% and 0.52% in CS and Spica, respectively, by 24 dpa. In both cultivars, the average number of ptDNA copies per amyloplast was calculated to increase from about 10 copies at 9 dpa to about 50 copies in the mature amyloplasts at 31 dpa. However, the heavier endosperms of Spica contain more cells than those of CS and the varieties therefore differed in the amount of ptDNA that accumulated per endosperm: Spica endosperms accumulated 110 ng of ptDNA by 15 dpa, compared with only 85 ng in CS. The apparent accumulation of ptDNA copies in wheat amyloplasts during endosperm development contrasts with the decline in chloroplast-DNA copies in wheat chloroplasts during leaf development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398688
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A somaclonal variant of wheat with additional β-amylase isozymes (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: β-amylase ; Isozymes ; Triticum aestivum ; Somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The progeny of 149 plants regenerated from tissue culture of immature wheat (Triticum aestivum) embryos were screened for variation in their grain β-amylase isozyme pattern. One regenerant was found which was heterozygous for a variant pattern characterized by the presence of at least five new isozyme bands, as well as an increased intensity in existing bands in two more positions. The F2 of a homozygous variant crossed back to the parent segregated in an approximate 3∶1 ratio but resolution of the gels was not sufficient to distinguish whether this represents a dominant or co-dominant single mutant gene. No chromosome abnormalities were evident in mitosis or meiosis of the homozygous variant or in the F1 of the variant crossed back to the parent. No recombination has been seen between the variant bands and production of multiple bands from a single locus is consistent with the nature of the known β-amylase loci. However, the variant bands were not evident in a survey of 111 diverse genotypes, nor were they present in developing grain of the parent cultivar. Therefore, this variant could represent a rare mutation leading to expression of a currently unexpressed locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262516
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of resistance to Puccinia graminis tritici in ‘Chris’ and ‘W3746’ wheats (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 846-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Puccinia graminis tritici ; Triticum aestivum ; Monosomic analysis ; Rust resistance ; Gene identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary ‘Chris’ wheat possessed genes Sr5, Sr7a, Sr8a, Sr9g and Sr12. ‘W3746’, derived from the cross ‘Chris’/‘Baart’, possessed Sr7a and Sr12. The response conferred by Sr7a was influenced by the genetic background. Although Sr7a or Sr12 alone conferred no observable resistance upon adult plants, the adult resistances of ‘Chris’ and ‘W3746’ to predominant pathotypes appeared to be associated with the interaction of Sr7a and Sr12, or genes at closely linked loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289389
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal location of a K/Na discrimination character in the D genome of wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 584-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; T. turgidum ; Aegilops squarrosa ; Cation uptake ; D genome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary K/Na ratios have been determined in the leaves of salt-treated plants of 14 disomic substitution lines in which each of the D-genome chromosomes replaces the homoeologous A- or B-genome chromosome in the tetraploid wheat variety Langdon (AABB genome). Aneuploid lines of hexaploid bread wheat (cv Chinese Spring) having a reduced or an enhanced complement of chromosome 4D have also been examined. These investigations show that the gene(s) determining K/Na ratios in the leaves of wheat plants grown in the presence of salt is located on the long arm of chromosome 4D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288856
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  • 14
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    Cytogenetic analysis of structural rearrangements in three varieties of common wheat, Triticum aestivum (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 635-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Common wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Structural rearrangements ; Translocation ; Interchange ; Duplication-deficiency ; Aneuploidy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The winter wheat varieties ‘Starke’ and ‘Cappelle Desprez’ and the spring wheat ‘Chinese Spring’ were analysed for structural chromosome rearrangements that resulted in the formation of multivalents in F1 hybrids. The analyses were carried out using hybrids involving euploids, monosomic and ditelosomic stocks, and double-monotelodisomic constructs. The study confirmed that ‘Cappelle Desprez’ differs from ‘Chinese Spring’ in a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 5B and 7B (Riley et al. 1967); a translocation involving chromosomes 3B and 3D could not be verified. Furthermore, the analysis showed that ‘Starke’ differs from ‘Chinese Spring’ in a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 7A and 7D. Both translocations have a coefficient of multivalent realisation of about 0.84. Further multivalents in euploid ‘Starke’, in euploid and some aneuploid stocks of ‘Cappelle Desprez’, and in euploid as well as various types of aneuploid hybrids between all three varieties could nearly all be explained hypothesizing that chromosome 2B of both ‘Starke’ and ‘Cappelle Desprez’ is a duplication-deficiency chromosome. In the hypothesis a part of the long arm of 2B is missing and replaced by a duplicated part of the long arm of chromosome 2D. The multivalents of this rearrangement showed an average coefficient of realisation of about 0.09.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260770
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  • 15
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    The peroxidase isozymes of the wheat kernel: tissue and substrate specificity and their chromosomal location (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 701-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Peroxidases ; Tissue and substrate-specificity ; Chromosomal location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Peroxidase isozymes were studied in the Triticum aestivum L. kernel and in nullisomic-tetrasomic and ditelocentric combinations of ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat. Analyses were carried out on different parts of dry kernels (embryo plus scutellum and endosperm) using polyacrylamide and starch gel electrophoresis, different electrophoretic buffer systems and various staining methods. The peroxidase isozymes showed a low substrate-specificity and a high tissue-specificity. The embryo plus scutellum and the endosperm always presented different peroxidase patterns. Endosperm peroxidases were associated with chromosome arms 7DS, 4BL and 7AS; whereas the embryo plus scutellum isozymes were related to chromosome arms 3AL, 3BL and 3DS. The different results obtained using various electrophoretic techniques are due to the buffer system used. All staining procedures employed revealed the same peroxidase isozymes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260779
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  • 16
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    Variability and genetics of spacer DNA sequences between the ribosomal-RNA genes of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 617-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Ribosomal RNA ; Nor alleles ; Nucleolar organiser regions ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using restriction enzyme digests of genomic DNA extracted from the leaves of 25 hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) cultivars and their hybrids, restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the spacer DNA which separates the ribosomal-RNA genes have been examined. (From one to three thousand of these genes are borne on chromosomes 1B and 6B of hexaploid wheat). The data show that there are three distinct alleles of the 1B locus, designated Nor-B1a, Nor-B1b, and Nor-B1c, and at least five allelic variants of the 6B locus, designated Nor-B2a, Nor-B2b, Nor-B2c, Nor-B2d, and Nor-B2e. A further, previously reported allele on 6B has been named Nor-B2f. Chromosome 5D has only one allelic variant, Nor-D3. Whereas the major spacer variants of the 1B alleles apparently differ by the loss or gain of one or two of the 133 bp sub-repeat units within the spacer DNA, the 6B allelic variants show major differences in their compositions and lengths. This may be related to the greater number of rDNA repeat units at this locus. The practical implications of these differences and their application to wheat breeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288861
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  • 17
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    A new selection criterion for yield in wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Biomass ; Harvest index ; Selection criterion ; Tiller mortality ; Modified selection procedure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mortality of young tillers to an extent of 36.5% under optimum cultural conditions was recorded in a field experiment. Attention is drawn to the necessity of minimising this loss and to diverting it towards productive tillers by applying selection pressure. Future yield advances may be achieved by selecting genotypes which tiller moderately in the vegetative phase, most of which survive to produce grains. The character association of each variety under consideration was studied for the suitability towards this objective. A modified selection procedure is suggested which may be advantageously applied to achieve this objective. The proposed new methodology may also be effectively applied to such other cereal crops as barley, triticale and oats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289980
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  • 18
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    Disappearance of plastid and mitochondrial nucleoids during the formation of generative cells of higher plants revealed by fluorescence microscopy (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 141 (1987), S. 149-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Fluorescence microscopy ; Maternal inheritance ; Plastid nucleoid ; Mitochondrial nucleoid ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The fate of plastid and mitochondrial nucleoids (pt and mt nucleoids) ofTriticum aestivum was followed during the reproductive organ formation using fluorescence microscopy after staining with 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). This investigation showed a drastic morphological change of pt nucleoids during the differentiation of reproductive organs from the shoot apex. Dot-shaped pt nucleoids grew into ring-shaped ones, which divided into small pieces in the monocellular pollen grain, as observed in this plant's earlier stage of leaf development. During the development of mature pollen grain from monocellular pollen grain, pt and/or mt nucleoids disappeared through the division of the male generative cell ofT. aestivum. Cytologically, this observation is direct evidence of the maternal inheritance of higher plants. Thus far, cytological evidence of this phenomenon has been found mostly by morphological criteria using electron microscopy, which admits some ambiguity. In the plants exemplified byLilium longiflorum, pt and/or mt nucleoids disappeared after the first pollen grain mitosis, which precededT. aestivum. In the plants exemplified byTrifolium repens, pt and/or mt nucleoids existed in the generative cells of the mature pollen grain. The significance of these observations was discussed in relation to the interaction between nuclear and organelle genomes during plant development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01272897
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  • 19
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    A proposed method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in acid environments applied to gliadins of wheat grains (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; electrophoresis system ; acid polyacrylamide gel ; gliadins ; variety identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In this paper we describe the method of wheat gliadin electrophoresis in use at RIVRO, Wageningen. It differs from other techniques mainly by the application of an alternative buffer system, making it possible to polymerise the gels in a buffered alkaline environment and to perform the run at pH 3.1 without extensive buffer changing steps. Advantages are a greater gel reproducibility and the ease of gel handling. Furthermore, a rationalised protein extraction procedure, a cheap shaking system for staining baths and a better (slower moving) tracking dye are described.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730647
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    Vernalization of immature embryos of winter wheat genotypes (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 161-165 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; winter wheat ; vernalization ; cold treatment ; immature embryos ; excised embryos ; embryo culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of direct vernalization of immature embryos on flowering was studied in six winter wheat genotypes. Fourteen-, 17-, and 20-day-old embryos were excised and vernalized for 0–6 weeks on synthetic medium during a conditioning period. Percent germination of embryos was high (overall 96.1%), and free from genotypic effects. Genotypes differed for flowering in response to cold treatment of excised embryos. Embryo vernalization was as effective as or more than conventional vernalization (control, seedling vernalization for 6 weeks). Seventeen-day-old embryos were the most responsive to vernalization. With a 5-week vernalization of 17-day-old embryos, the percentage of plants anthesed was higher than those from 14-and 20-day-old embryos. For 17-day-old embryos vernalized for 5 weeks, the mean number of days from culture to anthesis was less than that of 6 week vernalization, less than that of 14- and 20-day-old embryos, and less than controls.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730659
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    Variation in high molecular weight glutenin subunits in landraces of hexaploid wheat from Afghanistan (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 3-9 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; hexaploid wheat landraces ; variation ; high molecular weight glutenin subunits ; Glu-A1 locus ; Glu-B1 locus ; Glu-D1 locus ; Afghanistan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Variation for high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits is reported in Afghan hexaploid wheat landraces from different locations in the country ranging in altitude from 395 to 3170 metres. The variation appeared to be independent of the altitude and geographical location of the landraces. Studies of a number of samples from each of five sites revealed that at some sites there was allelic variation at theGlu-A1 andGlu-B1 loci coding from HMW glutenin subunits, but there was no variation at theGlu-D1 locus within and between sites.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730641
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    Factors affecting haploid production in wheat using the Hordeum bulbosum system. 2. The effect of the timing of pollination (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 497-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Hordeum bulbosum ; crossability ; timing of pollination ; frequency of fertilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of manipulating the timing of pollination on the fertilization frequency in wheat × tetraploid Hordeum bulbosum hybridizations was investigated as a possible means of overcoming varietal incompatibility in this cross. Pre- and post-anthesis pollinations were made on previously identified highly crossable and poorly crossable wheat genotypes and the stage of development of the individual florets at pollination was expressed in ‘days from anthesis’ units. In both crossable and non-crossable wheat genotypes, a significant negative linear relationship was observed between floret age and fertilization frequency. The magnitude of the response of early pollination was dependent on the number of alleles for non-crossability present at the Kr loci. The non-crossable cultivar Highbury, possessing more than one allele for incompatibility, showed a slight response. The greatest response was shown by the highly crossable cultivar Chinese Spring, possessing alleles for crossability at all Kr loci. The single chromosome substitution line, Chinese Spring (Hope 5B), possessing the most potent allele for non-crossability, Kr 1, showed an intermediate response. The H. bulbosum genotype had no effect on the magnitude of this response, influencing only the mean fertilization frequency.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041493
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    Factors affecting haploid production in wheat using the Hordeum bulbosum system. 1. Genotypic and environmental effects on pollen grain germination, pollen tube growth and the frequency of fertilization (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 483-496 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Hordeum bulbosum ; pollen grain germination ; pollen tube growth ; frequency of fertilization ; gibberellic acid ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A quantitative examination of pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth within the overy wall was made in selected wheat × tetraploid H. bulbosum hybridizations, to investigate the effect of the wheat and the H. bulbosum genotype on these characters. As expected, variation at the known crossability loci had no effect on pollen grain germination. The frequency of pollen tube penetration of the ovary wall was, however, severely reduced when the dominant alleles were present. Pollen tube penetration was nevertheless observed in 3 of the 110 ovaries examined of the non-crossable cultivar Highbury. The H. bulbosum genotype had a much smaller effect on these characters, but significant differences between the clones were observed in the numbers of pollen tubes initially penetrating the ovary wall. Although two H. bulbosum genotypes showed no significant differences in the number of ovaries with pollen tubes at the base of the ovule, significant differences in the frequency of fertilization were observed. The possible cause of this discrepancy is discussed. The frequency of fertilization in crossable wheat × H. bulbosum hybridizations was improved by the application of gibberellic acid within 10 minutes of pollination, and reduced by an increase in the ambient temperature from 20°C to 26°C. Fertilization following the pollination of non-crossable wheat genotypes was not affected by either of these factors.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041492
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    Factors affecting haploid production in wheat using the Hordeum bulbosum system. 3. Post-fertilization effects on embryo survival (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 763-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Hordeum bulbosum ; frequency of fertilization ; seed set ; seed survival ; gibberellic acid ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An investigation was made of factors affecting the frequency of development of fertilized ovules following wheat x Hordeum bulbosum hybridizations. Seed survival, a term used here to represent the relationship between seed set and fertilization, was shown to vary between the wheat genotypes tested, but was unrelated to the crossability genes present within the wheat genotype. A high seed survival was obtained in crosses involving the variety TH3929 and the single chromosome substitution line, Chinese Spring (Hope 5B). Chinese Spring showed a poor seed survival. Some influence of the H. bulbosum genotype on seed survival was detected. The two environmental factors studied, namely the post-pollination application of gibberellic acid and the ambient temperature, were both shown to affect seed survival. The application of gibberellic acid immediately after pollination or 1 and 2 days after pollination improved seed survival, although the extent of the response was dependent upon the number and timing of the application(s). A genotype-dependent response to the ambient temperature was observed, TH3929 showing a slight but insignificant reduction and Chinese Spring a significant improvement in seed survival with an increase in temperature from 20°C to 26°C. The physiological processes which may be influenced by GA and the ambient temperature and may thereby affect seed survival are discussed.
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    Honeycomb selection for yield in early generations of spring wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 831-839 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; honeycomb selection ; breeding methodology ; selection intensity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effectiveness of the honeycomb selection method for yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was evaluated using progenies from two wheat crosses, Glenlea x NB131 and Glenlea x Era. Honeycomb selection was carried out in the F2 and F3 generations, grown at the University of Manitoba in the summers of 1980 and 1981, respectively. In both generations, divergent selection was made for both high and low yield. Plants selected in the F3 generation were entered in an F4 yield test in the summer of 1982. Results of the experiment showed that honeycomb selection for yield in the F2 and F3 generations was effective in identifying parents of high- and low-yielding lines. F3 plants from highyielding F2 selections gave higher yields than those from low-yielding F2 selections by 11.5% and 13.0% for Glenlea x NB131 and Glenlea x Era crosses, respectively. The F4 yield test showed that high yielding selections from both crosses significantly outyielded by 8.9% low yielding selections and by 14.4% the unselected composite lines. It is concluded that the honeycomb selection method can be used for early generation selection in spring wheat.
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    A test for linkage between Sr6 and Ra in wheat (1987)
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    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 221-224 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; auricle color ; compact head ; stem rust resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Previous evidence suggested that the gene for red auricle (Ra) might be linked to the gene Sr6 for stem rust resistance on chromosome 2D. However, tests indicated that Ra is not linked to either Sr6 or C, which is also on 2D.
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    Histological studies on the infection of triticale, wheat and rye byPuccinia recondita f.sp.tritici andP. recondita f.sp.recondita (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 275-285 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; breadwheat ; T. durum ; durum wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; Triticosecale ; triticale ; Puccinia recondita ; leaf rust ; histology ; hypersensitive resistance ; nonhost resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The reaction of eight triticales and of the respective wheat and rye parental lines to infection by the leaf rust fungi of wheat and rye were studied in the seedling stage. The histological observations indicated that wheat and triticale showed a typical nonhost reaction to the leaf rust of rye: sporelings of this fungus were arrested after the formation of primary infection hyphae and before the formation of extensively branched mycelium, mostly without necrosis of plant cells. The rye inbred lines were all susceptible to the rye leaf rust. The reaction of wheat and triticales to the wheat leaf rust was susceptible or resistant. The reaction of resistant lines could be early or late and complete or incomplete, but was associated with substantial necrosis of plant cells, and therefore entirely different from the nonhost reaction to rye leaf rust. In their reaction to wheat leaf rust the rye lines were similar to the resistant wheat and triticale lines. They did not show an important degree of nonhypersensitive early abortion as would be expected in a nonhost species. It appeared that genes for hypersensitive resistance in triticale may be contributed by either the wheat or the rye parental line. A screening of sixty wheat, rye and triticale lines confirmed the nonhost status of wheat and triticale to rye leaf rust and the hypersensitive or moderately susceptible reaction of rye to wheat leaf rust.
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    Crossability percentages of some 1400 bread wheat varieties and lines with rye (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 299-319 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; crossability ; crossability percentages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two lists are provided: List 1 contains the percentages of crossability with rye of some 1400 varieties and lines of bread wheat; List 2 contains varieties having a high crossability with rye. It is believed that the publication of these data will be helpful to those wishing to cross bread varieties with rye and other species.
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    Long term plant regeneratin from callus cultures of haploid wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 11 (1987), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; callus induction ; plant regeneration ; somatic embryogenesis ; organogenesis ; inflorescence culture ; haploid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Callus cultures were initiated from young inforescences of 7 haploid pollen plants of wheat. The calli from 3 plants were embryogenic and organogenic. After one and a half years of subculture one callus cultures still retained the ability for high frequency of plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and sometimes directly differentiated ovary-like structures. All regenerated plants were haploid having 21 chromosomes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040427
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    Chromosomal location of dwarfing gene Rht12 in wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 521-523 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; plant height ; dwarfing gene ; Rht 12 ; F2 monosomic analysis ; chromosomal location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The chromosomal location of the dwarfing gene Rht12 in the mutant winter wheat Karcagi 522M7K was investigated using F2 monosomic analysis. The segregation ratio for F2 progenies of Chinese Spring monosomics × Karcagi 522M7K, and that of Cheyenne monosomics × Karcagi 522M7K indicated that the near complete dominant dwarfing gene Rht12 is located on chromosome 5A. The heterozygous and hemizygous states of the genes Rht12 have the same effect on plant height.
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    Sources of resistance to Mayetiola Destructor in breadwheat and durum wheat in Morocco (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 591-602 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; breadwheat ; Triticum turgidum ; durum wheat ; Mayetiola destructor ; Hessian fly ; leaf pubescence ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Grain yield reductions of both breadwheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) caused by attacks of Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say) are second perhaps only to those caused by inadequate soil moisture in Morocco. To identify effective sources of resistance, 817 entries of common wheat and durum wheat reported to be resistant to Hessian fly were evaluated under natural infestations in Morocco. A large number of genes conferring virulence are present in populations of Moroccan Mayetiola. The genes H1, H2, H3, h4, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H14, H15, and H16 as well as the ‘Marquillo’, ‘Kawvale’ and PI 94587 resistance sources are not useful for cereal improvement in North Africa. ‘Luso’, which has the gene H12, also appeared susceptible in limited testing. Genotypes having the genes H5 and H13 were identified as significantly reducing larval survial in natural populations of Mayetiola. Of 11 resistant breadwheats identified with unknown genes, seven were from Portugal and three were from the Soviet Union. Although none of the durums tested had high levels of reistance, the two most promising durums were from Portugal. It is proposed that initially H5 be deployed in durum wheats and H13 be used in common wheat improvement. Leaf pubescence appears of little use in reducing the larval survival of Mayetiola.
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    The importance of abortive stoma penetration in the partial resistance and nonhost reaction of adult barley and wheat plants to leaf rust fungi (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 725-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Triticum aestivum ; breadwheat ; Puccinia hordei ; Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici ; leaf rust ; partial resistance ; nonhost resistance ; adult plant ; stoma penetration ; stomatal exclusion ; histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Early stages of the infection process of Puccinia hordei isolate 1.2.1 and of a P. recondita f.sp. tritici isolate were studied on adult plants of four barley lines and one wheat line. Two of the barley lines are extremely susceptible to P. hordei, the other two have a very high level of partial resistance. A histological study based on a trypan blue staining indicated that stoma penetration by P. hordei isolate 1.2.1 was equally successful on the susceptible as on the partially resistant adult barley plants. Abortion of substomatal vesicles was rare in all lines. These results do not support a hypothesis that mechanisms of partial resistance in adult plants differ from those in seedlings by a substantial abortive stoma penetration. Also in the nonhost combinations wheat-P. hordei and barley-P. recondita f.sp. tritici inhibition of stoma penetration and of substomatal vesicle development appears to play a biologically insignificant role in adult plants. The proportion of stoma penetration on the leaf sheaths of two of the barley lines was as high as on the leaf blades of the flag leaf and the leaf below the flag leaf. There was no evidence for stomatal exclusion as a crucial factor in the relatively low infectibility of leaf sheaths to leaf-blade specialized rust species.
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    Electrophoretic variation among and within strains of ‘kharkof’ wheat maintained at 11 locations (1987)
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    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 815-822 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; regional nurseries ; natural selection ; genetic drift ; gliadin polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Kharkof was introduced to the United States at the turn of the century and has been included as the long-term check for the Southern and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries since 1930. Seed of Kharkof is typically maintained at each site at which the nurseries are grown. We obtained samples of Kharkof from 10 sites and the USDA Small Grains Collection in Beltsville, MD. Up to 54 individual kernels per strain were ground and evaluated for gliadin electrophoretic patterns. Strains from Beltsville, MD and Aberdeen, ID were completely uniform for gliadin patterns; they differed from each other and from all other strains. Seven strains were highly polymorphic, with 7 to 14 gliadin patterns occurring in each. However, there were large differences in pattern frequencies among strains, with the Ft. Collins, CO and Columbia, MO strains at one extreme, the Manhattan, KS and Lincoln, NE strains at the other, and the St. Paul, MN; York, NE; and Clovis, NM strains intermediate. Strains from Dallas and Chillicothe, TX were completely uniform for a pattern that also occurred in all of the polymorphic strains. The two Texas strains also had esterase and β-amylase isoelectric focusing patterns different from the others, and the Beltsville strain had a different β-amylase pattern. We concluded that the strains from Beltsville and Aberdeen were not Kharkof, that the Texas strains were derived from a single-plant selection out of Kharkof, and that the remaining strans have diverged through natural selection possibly operating in conjunction with genetic drift, outcrossing, and seed mixtures.
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    Increase in grain protein percentage in high-yielding common wheat breeding lines by genes from wild tetraploid wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 353-359 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; T. turgidum var. dicoccoides ; wild emmer ; nitrogen economy ; grain protein yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Forty-one breeding lines of common wheat, derived from crosses between the Israeli cultivars Miriam and Lakhish and high-protein lines of wild tetraploid wheat, Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides, were tested for various protein and yield parameters in field trials, under typical agronomic conditions. All lines had a higher grain protein percentage (GPP) than the leading Israeli cultivar Deganit, which was grown as a control. Grain yield (GY) ranged in the breeding lines from a low of 2.44 t/ha to as high as that of Deganit (6.95 t/ha). Despite the weak negative correlation between GPP and GY, several lines excelled both in GPP and in GY. The grain protein yield (GPY) of some of these selected breeding lines was higher than that of Deganit; e.g., 1.19 t/ha in the best line vs. 1.02 t/ha in Deganit. The 16.7% increase in GPY in this line reflected a more efficient utilization of nitrogen.
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    Relevance of randomizing host genotypes of wheat that are tested for leaf rust resistance in race nurseries (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 257-263 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia recondita f. sp.tritici ; leaf rust ; partial resistance ; race nursery ; hostpathogen interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ten wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp.tritici) race nurseries were planted in 1984. In five, each with a different race, no randomization of the 20 wheat genotypes was carried out. The remaining five race nurseries, also each with one of the same five races, were completely randomized. Comparison of the wheat genotype assesments was done using three procedures: i) Correlating (Pearson's and Spearman's r) the leaf area affected of the twenty wheat genotypes in the randomized and the non-randomized nurseries; ii) comparing the best five wheat genotypes in each race nursery; iii) comparing the Wi-indeces of wheat genotypes in the randomized and non-randomized nurseries. All three procedures showed excellent agreement between the randomized and the non-randomized nurseries . The use of a spreader row was most likely the reason for the large similarity. The consequence is that randomization is not sufficiently relevant to justify the increase in risk of mistakes and the extra administration needed. The host genotype-pathogen race interaction was significant and rather large. All but two genotype-race combinations showed a susceptible infection type, which indicates that partial resistance of wheat to wheat leaf rust caused the major part of this interaction. The results which suggest a gene-for-gene relationship, support the \lsintegrated concept\rs of Parlevliet and Zadoks.
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    Induced mutagenesis for the development of multiline cultivars in bread wheat (1987)
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    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 49-54 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici ; stem rust ; Puccinia recondita f.sp.tritici ; leaf rust ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust ; races ; induced mutations ; multiline ; resistance breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Variation for resistance toPuccinia graminis f.sp.tritici, P. recondita f.sp.tritici andP. striiformis was induced in theTriticum aestivum cultivar Lalbahadur using nitrosomethyl urea. Variations were isolated from the M2 population in the post-seedling stage in the field when infected with a mixture of races of each of the three rusts. Plants exhibiting simultaneous resistance to stem rust, leaf rust and yellow rust were indentified. Repeated screening in the subsequent generations confirmed the resistance of the mutant lines that are morphologically similar to the parental cultivar. The rust resistance of 20 mutant lines was also confirmed at the seedling stage using individual races of stem rust and leaf rust. The different patterns observed in the mutant lines tested against a wide range of races show that these lines can be used as components of a multiline. The patterns of variation compared with those of the known genes for resistance against the Indian races of the pathogens suggest that the mutations for rust resistance are due to factor different from those already known in bread wheat, providing a broadened genetic base for future breeding programmes.
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    The bread wheat races of bunt represented in the Australian bunt collection (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 577-580 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Tilletia laevis ; Tilletia tritici ; common bunt ; physiologic races ; resistance ; Bt genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The Australian Bunt Collection, obtained from infected crops between 1962–1977, has been classified into races, based on the differential reactions to ten known bunt resistant genes. Eight physiologic races of Tilletia laevis and three of T. tritici were identified. No race had virulence against the genes Bt3, Bt5, Bt8, or Bt10, of wheat. Consequently four major genes are available for breeding Australian wheat cultivars with resistance to common bunt.
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    Allelopathic effect of parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) extract and residue on some agronomic crops and weeds (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1739-1747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allelopathy ; parthenium ; Parthenium hysterophorus ; Compositae ; corn ; Zea mays ; ryegrass ; Lolium multiflorum ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; velvetleaf ; Abutilon theophrasti ; soybean ; Glycine max ; inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Allelopathic effects of entire shoot extract, plant part extracts, and shoot residue of parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) on corn (Zea mays L.), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.), and soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] growth were examined. Parthenium shoot contained water-soluble materials that were toxic to root growth of velvetleaf and wheat. At 4% (w/ v) concentration, root growth of velvetleaf and wheat were reduced by 60 and 75%, respectively. The order of increasing sensitivity to parthenium was ryegrass, corn, wheat, and velvetleaf. There was a strong correlation between extract concentration and increased toxicity to test species. The toxicity of plant part extracts was also concentration dependent. At 1 and 2% (w/v), the inflorescence and leaves caused more root inhibition than stem extract. Parthenium shoot incorporated in soil at 1% (w/w) caused significantly more root inhibition of wheat than soybean, corn, and ryegrass. At 4% (w/w), root growth of all the test species was inhibited compared to the control. Toxicity of parthenium residue to wheat diminished with increasing periods of decomposition. Residue decomposed for four weeks was less toxic than the undecomposed residue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980214
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