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  • Engineering  (1,794)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,794)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Annual Reviews
  • Copernicus
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (748)
  • 1985-1989  (1,046)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964
  • 1994  (748)
  • 1988  (598)
  • 1987  (448)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,794)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Annual Reviews
  • Copernicus
Years
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (748)
  • 1985-1989  (1,046)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical methods for heat transfer in hydraulic fracturing (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 75-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: During the propagation of a hydraulically induced fracture in a porous material, fluid leak-off occurs from the fracture to the formation. Conduction and convection of heat also take place, owing to the large difference between the fluid injection temperature and that of the reservoir. The paper describes a quasi-two-dimensional heat transfer model coupled with a filtration model. It is then coupled into different coupled fracture propagation models (two-dimensional and quasi-three-dimensional).The rheological characteristics of the fracturing fluid are temperature-dependent with a sharp breakdown. The fluid diffusion model combines cake growth at the fracture face with two-fluid flow in the formation. Temperature profiles along the fracture and the formation are computed during fracture propagation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240106
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  • 2
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    Numerical models for the thermo-mechanical evolution of Atlantic-type continental margins (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 141-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We have developed a versatile finite element approach to analyse stresses and displacements induced in thermally thinned and thickened geological structures. Material and geometric non-linearities form an important aspect of the finite element simulation. The changes in geometry are incorporated by a multipoint constraint procedure. The method takes into account temperature-dependent variations in rheological properties of the medium, including the presence of a brittle-ductile transition. We illustrate the application of the method for specific geophysical problems associated with the temperature history of the earth's crust at continental margins of the Atlantic type.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240111
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  • 3
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    A finite element method for free and forced convection heat transfer (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new finite element method is presented. This new method contains several novel features including a streamline upwind formulation for the advection terms and equal order interpolations for all variables: velocities, pressure, temperature and other fluid properties. This new formulation uses an iterative solution method greatly reducing the computer storage requirements. The validity of the new finite element method was tested on both a natural convection problem, a thermally driven cavity, and a forced convection problem, a heated cylinder in cross-flow. The predicted results compared favourably with a benchmark solution for the cavity and an empirical correlation for the cylinder in cross-flow.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240109
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  • 4
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    Announcement (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240202
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  • 5
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    A new approach for the hybrid element method (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1697-1709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new functional which forms the basis of an improved hybrid element formulation is proposed. The variables for the functional include stresses, strains and displacements, and the displacements and stresses are further decomposed into two parts respectively. The proposed new formulation appears to be particularly suitable for improving conforming models.Based on this formulation, a new four-node plane hybrid element Qcs6 can be developed, and the conforming element Q4 and the non-conforming Wilson element Q64 and modified Wilson element Qm6 can also be derived directly by this hybrid approach. It should be noted that more accurate stresses can be obtained from this element which utilizes the concept of two stress components.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240907
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  • 6
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    Notes on the stability of non-rectangular space-time finite elements (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1721-1739 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The method of space-time finite elements enables the simple solution of quite new problems. It is possible to assume the arbitrary partition of the structure area in each moment of integration of the motion equation. Instability is caused by a too large time step and too great changes of joint locations in successive time steps. A changeable spatial partition is useful in contact dynamic problems, in the case of a travelling support, generally in problems with movable edges. In this paper a stability problem is described and some investigations for chosen types of non-rectangular space-time finite elements are carried out. Linear and surface elements which in time space gain an additional time dimension are presented. Some numerical examples prove the efficiency of the described method under determined limitations.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240909
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  • 7
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    Conference diary (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 659-661 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240315
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  • 8
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    Masthead (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240401
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  • 9
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    Practical stability analysis of finite difference equations by the matrix method (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 679-687 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is shown how the various norms of the coefficient matrix of a set of finite difference equations can, in many cases, be employed in an easy, straightforward fashion to find sufficient conditions for stability in situations involving non-periodic boundary conditions and variable coefficients. With the aid of the easily computed norms, particularly the infinite norm, one does not have to rely on the necessary condition provided by the spectral radius, which has been the main basis of criticism of the matrix method in the past.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240403
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  • 10
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    Stress oscillations in plane stress modelling of flexure - a field-consistency interpretation (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 711-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Exactly integrated isoparametric plane stress elements behave poorly in flexure. The 4-noded element ‘locks’, with errors that progress indefinitely as element aspect ratio increases. Reduced integration of the shear strain energy eliminates this locking entirely. The 8-noded element does not lock, but improves in performance with reduced integration of shear strain energy. Both elements, with their original shape functions, show severe shear stress oscillations in flexure. In this paper we attribute these oscillations to the lack of ‘consistency’ of shear strain fields derived directly from independent field-variable interpolations. We derive error models for specific tractable examples which can confirm the accuracy of this conceptual scheme through digital computation using the finite element models. A field-consistent redistribution strategy for the shear strain field is offered as an elegant procedure to free the elements of spurious oscillations and give a ‘lock’-free performance.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240405
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  • 11
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    The uniqueness characteristics of mixed finite element methods in linear elasticity (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 927-944 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Having established the non-uniqueness, in general, of quadratic-linear functionals in elasticity, the investigative work on this topic is reviewed, whence it is noted that there is no existing formal approach for the identification of either the causes of singular solutions or suitable remedial measures that might ensure their elimination. A comparison of the weighted averages obtained from the single field and Reissner's principles is then used to identify a higher order uniqueness criterion for the latter. A detailed consideration of the application of the new condition to the arch equations demonstrates how and why singular solutions can be obtained, and thence how suitable forms of remedial action can often be identified. Finally, several other classes of problem are briefly investigated in order to show how the criterion can be used to explain the full range of known behaviour of the mixed methods.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240507
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  • 12
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    Multi-grid methods and applications, W. Hackbusch, Springer-Verlag (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 2036-2036 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620241016
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  • 13
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    Masthead (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620241101
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  • 14
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    Preconditioned conjugate gradient technique for the analysis of symmetric anisotropic structures (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 2057-2070 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An officient preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) technique and a computational procedure are presented for the analysis of symmetric anisotropic structures. The technique is based on selecting the preconditioning matrix as the orthotropic part of the global stiffness matrix of the structure, with all the nonorthotropic terms set equal to zero. This particular choice of the preconditioning matrix results in reducing the size of the analysis model of the anisotropic structure to that of the corresponding orthotropic structure. The similarities between the proposed PCG technique and a reduction technique previously presented by the authors are identified and exploited to generate from the PCG technique direct measures for the sensitivity of the different response quantities to the non-orthotropic (anisotropic) material coefficients of the structure. The effectiveness of the PCG technique is demonstrated by means of a numerical example of an anisotropic cylindrical panel.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620241104
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  • 15
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    Announcement (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1232-1232 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240620
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  • 16
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    Masthead (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240701
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  • 17
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    Numerical simulation of confined unsteady aerodynamical flows (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1233-1250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A system of algorithms is presented for the computer simulation of confined unsteady flows of a compressible fluid. The methods are valid for a wide range of time scales and are applied to simulate wind tunnel acoustics, flow over a ramp and flow past aircraft cavities.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240702
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  • 18
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    A basis change strategy for the reduced gradient method and the optimum design of large structures (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1269-1281 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper proposes a basis change strategy within the reduced gradient method for optimization under linear constraints. It ensures a non-singular basis matrix at every iteration. The same strategy can reliably be used within the generalized reduced gradient method for optimization under non-linear constraints. This method is applied to the minimum weight design of large structures under displacement and stress constraints, exploiting the sparsity of the constraint Jacobian matrix.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240704
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  • 19
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    A new boundary finite element method for fluid-structure interaction problems (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1251-1267 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In order to study problems on fluid-structure interaction, we have used a mixed formulation which couples the classical functional of the structure with a new variational formulation by integral equations for the fluid. This formulation has the advantage over the finite element methods of avoiding the discretization of the fluid domain. Furthermore, unlike collocation methods, the explicit calculation of the Hadamard finite part of the singular integrals is avoided. This leads after discretization by boundary finite elements to a small and symmetrical algebraic system.Typical examples are presented that demonstrate the efficiency of this variational formulation by studying the sound transmission through a baffled plane structure and through a flexible panel backed by a rigid cavity. These include the calculation of the transmission loss factor and the determination of which modes dominate the noise transmission. Good agreement is obtained between numerical results and analytical results found in the literature.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240703
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  • 20
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    Numerical experiments on turbulent flow using the random vortex method (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1297-1303 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Chorin's random vortex method is used to predict the growth of a large-scale coherent vortex structure in the early stages of the development of turbulence in a two-dimensional co-flowing shear layer. The numerical algorithm has been simplified to such an extent that the numerical analysis can be performed on a microcomputer. The numerical solution exhibits the same early turbulent instabilities and vorticity pairings as found in recent flow-visualization experiments. In addition the results are in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements of mean velocity, root mean square fluctuations and Reynolds stresses. One could thus test the shear layer sensitivity to initial conditions and the upsteam boundary conditions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240706
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  • 21
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    Stability convergence and accuracy of the DuFort and Frankel difference diagram approximating a class of non-linear parabolic field equations (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1421-1437 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a method of calculation for the transient electromagnetic field in a steel rotor screen of a superconducting generator. Using the difference method, the spatial-temporal distributions of the electromagnetic field have been calculated as a result of solving the non-linear partial differential equation for the vector potential A (in space Ω(r, θ,t)). For the difference diagram the conditions of stability and convergence have been determined.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240802
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  • 22
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250101
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  • 23
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    Error estimation and adaptivity in flow formulation for forming problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 23-42 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A very simple and reliable error estimator has recently been developed for problems of linear elasticity.1 This leads naturally toa predication of an h-mesh refinement required for a given accuracy and with a suitable mesh generator2 for an efficient adaptive process. In this paper we extend the methodology developed previously to incompresible plastic flow of metals or polymers using the ‘flow formulation’ approach.3The examples of application include steady state extrusion problems for which exact solutions are available and hence allow the efficiency of the error estimates to be tested as well as more complex problems of upsetting in which the mesh is updated. It is found that the estimator performs well under various circumstances and provides an economical adaptive process.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250105
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  • 24
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    The space-time Sinc-Gallerkin method for parabolic problems (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1629-1644 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper contains the formulation of a space-time Sinc-Galerkin method for the numerical solution of the parabolic partial differential equation in one space dimension. The space-time adjective means that the Galerkin technique is employed simultaneously in time and space. Salient features of the method include: exponential rate of convergence, ease of assembly of the discrete system, a global approximation and the ability to handle singular problems. Two methods of solution for the discrete system are offered and numerical results for test problems, selected from the literature, are included.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240903
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  • 25
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    Isotropic plate elements with shear and normal strain deformations (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1671-1695 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Plate-bending finite elements are developed for thin and moderately thick plates. The element takes into account the influence of the transverse normal strain and the transverse shear effects. For the computation of the stresses, an additional plate element is developed to determine the inplane displacements and forces. The combined effects of the plate-bending and inplane elements are used for the complete solution of the problem. Several examples are solved and compared with their corresponding exact solutions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240906
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  • 26
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    Elastic strain effects during steady-state rolling of visco-elastic slabs (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1659-1669 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The effect of elastic strains in the steady-state visco-elastic fluid flow under the rolling process is analysed quantitatively. Spurious oscillations in the stress deviator and pressure fields are precluded and the rate of convergence is improved when the Petrov-Galerkin method, which is based on a least-square method, is introduced into the finite element equation for the constitutive law.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240905
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  • 27
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    Ignition phase transition of a polymer: Convective exposure (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 373-386 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The ignition of a semi-infinite solid polymer under convective exposure is investigated. A quasi-steady approximation is used for the gas phase and the transient effect is accounted for in the solid phase only. Both surface and gas phase chemical reactions are included simultaneously. The ignition mechanism is studied in terms of the concurrent heat transfer, mass transfer, mass transfer and chemical processes at the surface as well as in the gas phase. The gas phase governing equations are integrated independently from the solid phase energy equation using the Adams-Moulton subroutine. Corrections to the iterative procedure are carried out by establishing a set of perturbation equations and using the Newton-Raphson and least-squares methods. The results indicate that ignition occurs in the heterogeneous mode within a narrow range of low flow velocities and high temperatures. An ignition phase transition point exists, and within a wide range of high flow velocities, ignition switches to the homogeneous mode.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250208
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  • 28
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    Plotting of contours in a natural way (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1757-1769 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple and straightforward scheme for plotting contours is introduced. For any function the appropriate contours are traced on the paths of constant function values disclosing the information contained in the shape functions. The exactness of the contours matches that of the finite element analysis. Extreme value considerations must be carried out to decide whether contours appear in an element at all. Three co-ordinate systems are dealt with: the local, the global and the screen co-ordinate system, and the necessary mutual transformations. A short section deals with the treatment of contour discontinuities across element borders which frequently occur with stresses and heat fluxes. Finally, some examples are shown.
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    A theorem regarding the locking of tapered four-noded membrane elements (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1793-1799 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is shown that any four-noded membrane element with two degrees of freedom per node will either lock in inplane bending or fail to pass a C0 patch test when the element's shape is an isosceles trapezoid. This result effectively closes out further effort to extend the linear strain capability of such elements beyond what has already been achieved for rectangular and parallelogram shapes.
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    Calculation of fracture mechanics parameters for an arbitrary three-dimensional crack, by the ‘equivalent domain integral’ method (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1801-1821 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, an equivalent domain integral (EDI) method and the attendant numerical algorithms are presented for the computation of a near-crack-tip field parameter, the vector J∊-integral, and its variation along the front of an arbitrary three-dimensional crack in a structural component. Account is taken of possible non-elastic strains present in the structure; in this case the near-tip J∊-values may be significantly different from the far-field values Jf, especially under non-proportional loading.
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    Masthead (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620241001
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    Computer algorithms for calculating efficient initial vectors for subspace iteration method (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1841-1848 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: In this paper, the effects of selecting initial vectors on computation efficiency for a subspace iteration method are investigated. Four algorithms are used for selecting the initial vectors. First, arbitrary starting iteration vectors are chosen according to Bathe and Wilson's algorithm.1 In the other algorithms, the initial vectors are the retrieved eigenvectors from the Guyan and quadratic reduction methods. Improvement of the eigenvalue approximations of the subspace iteration method over reduction methods is presented. The computation effort is examined for the various algorithms used for initial iteration vectors.
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    Shape design sensitivity analysis for non-linear anisotropic heat conducting solids and shape optimization by the BEM (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 109-120 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Shape design sensitivity analysis (SDSA) expressions have been derived for non-linear anisotropic heat conducting solid bodies by following the material derivative concept and adjoint variable method of optimal shape design given in the literature. The variation of a general integral functional has been described in terms of primary and adjoint quantities evaluated at the varying boundaries. As an example problem in shape optimization, optimal outer boundary profiles of an orthotropic solid body are obtained by the boundary element method (BEM), after reformulating the SDSA equations in a form which is most suitable for the BEM.
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    Professor Guy Sander (1937-1987) (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. iii 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620241102
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    Selective refinement: A new strategy for automatic node placement in graded triangular meshes (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 2183-2200 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Automating triangular finite element mesh generation involves two interrelated tasks: generatine a distribution of well-placed nodes on the boundary and in the interior of a domain, and constructing a triangulation of these nodes. For a given distribution of nodes, the Delaunay triangulation generally provides a suitable mesh, and Watson's algorithm26 provides a flexible means of constructing it. In this paper, a new method is described for automating node placement in a Delaunay triangulation by seieclive refinement of an initial triangulation. Grading of the mesh is controlled by an explicit or implicit node spacing function. Although this paper describes the technique only in the planar context, the method generalizes to three dimensions as well.
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    A new partially bonded beam element for analysis of shear walls (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 2217-2236 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A finite element formulation for multi-panel shear walls based on a partially bonded beam system has been proposed. Idealization of a shear wall by a partially bonded multi-layered beam element reduces the storage and computer time considerably. The finite element model has been employed extensively for parametric study of prefabricated shear walls of different widths and heights. Different numbers of in-situ joints in the prefabricated shear wall assembly with varying shear stiffness of joints have also been considered. The parametric study gave an insight to the structural response of the wall system. Based on the non-linear shear stiffness characteristic of in-situ joints determined experimentally, the nonliner behaviour of a prefabricated shear wall has been determined and the failure load has been predicted.
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    Analyses of steady-state visco-elastic fluids using the penalty function method (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 43-54 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The application of the penalty-function formulation of the finite element method is made possible for analysing visco-elastic fluid flows by the method which decouples the momentum and continuity equations from the constitutive equation. An upwind finite element scheme is combined with the method in order to solve the constitutive equation. As visco-elastic fluid models, Jaumann derivative, upper and lower convected derivatives are considered. The Poiseuille flow and the flow through a plane converging channel are analysed.
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    Approximate methods for analysing the cold drawing of polymeric fibres and films (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 99-112 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Approximate methods for analysing steady-state cold drawing processes in polymer forming are discussed. These methods are applied to both axisymmetric and plane-strain drawing. The cold drawing process is associated with steady-state neck propagation along the specimen. Modifications are introduced in the approximate steady-state analysis which reflect the neck initiation and localization phases prior to steady-state drawing. This is accomplished without resorting to an analysis of the entire load-deformation history of the process. Finite element results are also presented and compared with those of the proposed approximate analyses. These comparisons show the approximate analysis to be an extremely efficient and quite accurate computational scheme for the analysis of steady-state cold drawing processes.
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    Analysis of stress and strain distributions in slab rolling using an elastic-plastic finite-element method (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 55-66 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The cold rolling of rectangular section slabs is analysed for a range of width-to-height ratios (one to three) for which spread of the workpiece is appreciable. This necessitates the use of a three-dimensional model. An elastic-plastic finite-element method is used to provide a complete description of the slab rolling process.The pressure distribution at the workpiece/roll interface is found to show the typical ‘friction-hill’ observed in near-plane-strain experiments, but the pressure varies across the width of the interface. The shear-stress distribution at the roll interface provides detailed information about the ‘neutral line’ which is usually assumed to occur where the shear stress changes direction. The 3-D analysis shows clearly that there is a flow divide in both longitudinal and transverse directions.
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    Numerical simulation of the densification behaviour of metal powder during hot isostatic pressing (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 213-225 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A numerical method is introduced which is based on metal flow theory and simulates the densification of metal powder during hot isostatic pressing.The method, in which nodal velocities are variables, takes into consideration the dependence of flow stress on the temperature, strain rate and relative density of the material. The compressibility of porous metal as well as the incompressibility of fully dense metal are also taken into account.Porous specimens of the superalloy MERL76 were subjected to uniaxial compression tests at high temperature in order to determine the parameters of the equations on which the method is based. The densification behaviour of a turbine disk and two cylindrical components was numerically simulated and compared with experimental results.
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    Preface (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. i 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250202
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    Coarse-fine mesh method for heat and mass transfer in locally complex flows (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 347-355 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Combined forced and free convective flows having locally complicated geometries or boundary conditions were numerically studied with a finite difference method of coarse and fine meshes. The coarse-and-fine mesh method developed can be used for numerical calculations of both unsteady and steady processes of heat and mass transfer in convective and diffusion flows which are strongly influenced by locally fine flows. The method was applied to a numerical calculation of the steady flow field of a CVD (chemical vapour deposition) reactor which has locally complicated flows caused by small inlet nozzles. The results of the calculation showed a considerable contribution of locally fine flows to the overall flow field, which is well predicted with the present method.
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    Thermal analysis of human body-clothing-environment system (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 357-371 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For the solution of thermal comfort problems a coupled model is presented consisting of the thermal model of the human body and of the clothing, with boundary conditions of the third kind.For thermal modelling the human body is divided into 16 parts according to the special character of the internal heat generation, of the blood vessel system and of the sweat secretion mechanism. Part models are connected by the flow paths of arteries and veins.Transport phenomena in the clothing are treated by a coupled heat and mass transfer model which permits various kinds of clothing for the different parts of the body.The equation system of the full model has been solved numerically by using time stepping schemes. As the results of the computations an approximative temperature field of the human body is produced.Calculated results have been compared with Experimental data.
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    Finite element simulation of hot isostatic pressing of metal powders (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 191-212 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Rate form constitutive equations of elasto-viscoplastic type are expressed in a manner similar to that of classical metals, but the viscoplastic part, which is no longer incompressible, is related to the rate of variation of porosity. An incremental and implicit algorithm has been implemented in a finite element program in order to simulate hot isostatic pressing of an Astroloy powder. Temperature distributions are shown to induce strong density variations in real parts during hot isostatic pressing (HIP). For one particular turbine disk, we tested the sensitivity of the final shape to different processing parameters. Computed final shapes compare well with experimental ones.
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    Analysis of bending effects in sheet forming operations (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 253-267 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The majority of work in numerical analyses of sheet metal forming operations is based on the simple membrane-shell theory which neglects the effect of sheet bending. While useful information can be extracted from these analyses, especially for stretch-dominated operations, the membrane theory is basically inadequate for analysing the draw-type operations where sheet metal bends, slides and unbends over a draw radius.This paper presents axisymmetric and plane-strain finite element analyses of stretch/draw of sheet metal over a die corner radius. Numerical solutions obtained from a total Lagrangian formulation of a finite-strain thin shell theory are used to indicate the relative significance of including the bending effects in various simple forming operations. Comparisons of the calculated results with available experimental data are also given.
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    A finite element simulation of the sheet metal forming process (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 283-292 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element simulation code of the sheet metal forming process has been developed. This simulation code plays an important role in the computer aided engineering (CAE) system for an automobile parts forming process, which includes the pre- and post-processes. The paper presents the development of an updated Lagrangian type finite element modelling, based on the elastic-plastic (J2 flow law) membrane shell theory. An attempt is made to calculate the strain distribution incurred by peripherally clamped or non-clamped square plates when impressed by rigid punches. These are the cases of square box-shape punch drawing and arbitrary shaped panel stretch forming.
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    Punch stretching of sheet metal and differential equations on manifolds (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 269-282 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The goal of mathematical modelling of sheet metal forming processes is to provide predictive tools for use in the design of stamping processes and the selection of sheet materials. Most current approaches to finite element modelling of large deformation, elastic-plastic sheet metal forming problems use a rate form of the virtual work (equilibrium) equations, and a single-field finite element representation of the displacement components. Called the incremental method, this approach does not produce approximations which satisfy the discrete equilibrium equations at all times, and consequently it demands small time steps to insure stability and numerical accuracy. This paper describes a variant of the mixed method in which displacements, stresses, effective strain and pressures are all given separate finite element representations. The equilibrium equations in non-rate form are discretized to produce a system of algebraic equations which are coupled with the constitutive equations and then integrated using state-of-the-art numerical software. When used to model rate sensitive sheet materials in hydrostatic bulging, plane strain punch stretching and hemispherical punch stretching, the new approach proved to be between 6 and 26 times as fast as the old incremental method.
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    Buoyant flow calculations with non-orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates for vertical and horizontal parallelepiped enclosures (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 331-345 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A control-volume-based finite-difference formulation is developed for heat transfer and fluid flow in arbitrary three-dimensional parallelepiped enclosures. The governing equations in Cartesian co-ordinates are first transformed to those in non-orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates by tensor transformations. After introducing the properties of the parallelepiped geometry, equations are obtained in the primitive variables for which all vectors and tensors are based on the curvilinear co-ordinates. With proper treatment of the heat flux and stress tensor terms, the finite-difference equations, analogous to those in the Cartesian coordinates, are formed. Examples are utilized to show the validity of the methodology and the results are found to compare well with existing experimental data. The differences in heat transfer and fluid flow inside parallelepiped enclosures and rectangular enclosures are delineated and discussed from a physical point of view.
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    Finite element analysis of turbulent forced convection in lid-driven rectangular cavities (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 313-329 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer in lid-driven rectangular cavities are analysed by a finite element procedure for the prediction of the turbulent forced convection in two-dimensional recirculating flows. The (k-ε) model is used to compute effective viscosities and thermal conductivities. The fluid flow and turbulence model parabolic equations are solved sequentially, one after the other. Then, the calculated velocity distribution is used in the solution of the steady state energy equation to yield the temperature field. Aspect ratios e=0·75, 1·0 and 1·5 and Reynolds numbers ranging from 5 × 104 to 4 × 105 are considered in the numerical examples.
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    Non-linear simulation of dendritic solidification of an undercooled melt (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 415-444 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two-dimensional finite element simulations of solidification for quiescent undercooled pure metals are presented. The full non-linear, transient heat equation is used with phase front tracking which is subject to local curvature and interfacial kinetics. During early stages of the waveform instability the simulated solutions match the linear stability analysis with fidelity. Beyond the valid range of that analysis the numerical solution continues to demonstrate the physically observed exponential growth behaviour and characteristic spacing between fingers. Whereas the simulations show the sensitivity of dendritic growth to initial conditions, as expected for an unstable process, the overall pattern formation preserves the characteristic spacing. The simulations are terminated after the onset of bifurcation. Thereafter, the numerical model is inappropriate for physical comparison owing to the planar, two-dimensional limitation.
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    A regular indirect boundary element method for thermal analysis (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 495-515 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A Regular Indirect Boundary Element formulation is developed following a weighted residual approach. In this formulation, the fictitious source density, which appears in the integral equations of the method, is distributed on a surface which is exteriorly separated from the physical field boundary of the problem. This approach does not require the evaluation of singular integrals and produces undeteriorated solutions at geometric discontinuities. The formulation is presented here as applied to two dimensional and axisymmetric thermal problems. It includes a different subregioning scheme which treats each subregion, of a multidomain problem, separately, thereby eliminating the need for a sophisticated reduction scheme.
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    Warping torsion in thin-walled open section beams using the semiloof beam element (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 231-243 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Many structural members including metallic, reinforced polymer and concrete members must be modelled, in the simplest approximation, as thin-walled beams whose cross-sections exhibit significant, out-of-plane warping owing to torsion. The elastic capabilities of the semiloof beam element are extended to include warping torsion of thin-walled open section beams. The performance of the extended element is compared with that of the original formulation.
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    Partial eigensolution of damped structures by non-linear optimization (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 143-152 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The partial solution of damped structures involves the determination of only a few of the resonant frequencies and corresponding damping characteristics and mode shapes. The procedure outlined here uses a modification of the variable metric solution algorithm, in which the dicision variables are elements of the complex eigenvector and the eigenvalue. The quadratic eigenvalue problem is reformulated as a sequential unconstrained minimization problem. Both normality and orthogonality constraints are incorporated in the objective function. The method is compared to an adaptation of the subspace iteration technique, also applicable to the quadratic eigenvalue problem.
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    An element-by-element method for heat conduction CAE including composite problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 199-215 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Mechanical computer aided engineering (CAE) implies large finite element problems due to the geometric complexity of the ‘true’ 3D designs. Application of the standard finite element technique is not practical for such problems because the direct solution of the global matrix equations is too costly. This paper considers the element-by-element implicit algorithm for the CAE application of transient heat conduction. The direct solution is avoided by an operator splitting or approximate factorization technique. This results in both the execution time and storage requirements for each time step being linearly proportional to the number of elements while retaining unconditional stability. However, the approximate factorization introduces additional truncation error and incorrect jump conditions at material interfaces. Detailed analyses and numerical experiments are carried out in one dimension to assess the nature and mechanism of these inaccuracies. A three dimensional implementation is then compared with one dimensional results. The need for an additional predictor-corrector element-by-element algorithm for 3D composite problems is also presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260114
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    Letters to the editor (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 281-282 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260119
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    Conference diary (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 291-292 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260124
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    Plastic design. An imposed hinge-rotation approach, P. Zeman and H. M. Irvine, Allen & Unwin, London, 1986, 86, pages (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 290-290 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260123
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    Finite elements and solution procedures for structural analysis. vol. I: Linear analysis. M. A. Crisfield, Pineridge Press, Swansea, 1986. No. of pages: 272 (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 289-289 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260122
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    Hybrid finite element-Monte Carlo method for coupled conduction and gas radiation enclosure heat transport (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 361-378 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A hybrid two-dimensional finite element-Monte Carlo numerical solution method has been developed for solving complex transient non-linear gas radiation enclosure problems. Solid conducting media are coupled to conducting gaseous or particulate participating media and both may be internally energy generating. Bilinear isoparametric elements are used, allowing geometrically complex enclosures with internal objects to be present. Radiative energy transport within the gaseous enclosures is accounted for using a Monte Carlo method which permits a broad range of complexities. Included here are: diffuse-grey and specularly reflecting walls with temperature and spectrally dependent, and non-homogeneous emissivities or absorptivities; absorbing/emitting gases with temperature and spectrally dependent, and non-homogeneous emissivities or absorptivities; and isotropic or anisotropic scattering gases or particles. This method was verified by solving several standard steady state problems and comparing the solutions to those found using the conventional finite element, the P-N and the exchange factor methods. Solution times are comparable to those of the finite element method. A more complex transient problem solution is then given to demonstrate the versatility and power of the method.
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    Derivatives of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a general complex matrix (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 293-311 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A survey of methods for sensitivity analysis of the algebraic eigenvalue problem for non-Hermitian matrices is presented. In addition, a modification of one method based on a better normalizing condition is proposed. Methods are classified as Direct or Adjoint and are evaluated for efficiency. Operation counts are presented in terms of matrix size, number of design variables and number of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of interest. The effect of the sparsity of the matrix and its derivatives is also considered, and typical solution times are given. General guidelines are established for the selection of the most efficient method.
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    Convergence of curved shell elements based on assumed covariant strain interpolations (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 329-347 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A C0 9-node shell element based on assumed interpolations of covariant strain components defined with respect to the element natural co-ordinate system has recently been proposed. In this formulation, the covariant strains are obtained directly from the Cartesian strains by tensor transformation without any need to compute laminar co-ordinate based strains. In the present work, the interpolated covariant strains used in this element are analysed to determine their satisfaction of the basic requirements for successful strain interpolation. These basic requirements are stated as invariance to rigid body motions and ability to represent constant and linear strain states. In the finite element formulation, the weak form of momentum balance is expressed in terms of covariant strains and contravariant stresses. The corresponding elasticity tensor is a function of the components of the metric tensor associated with the element natural co-ordinate system. The invariance properties of the metric tensor in the context of the finite element approximation are also discussed.
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    Spline collocation in the flow of non-Newtonian fluids (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 413-421 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Natural convection flow of a non-Newtonian fluid between two vertical infinite parallel flat plates forms the case study of the present work. Velocity profiles for the Prandtl-Eyring and Powell-Eyring fluid models are obtained through the method of spline collocation.The applicability and reliability of the techniques employed here are discussed in detail with a suggested error estimate and analysis. Accuracy in the successive iterations in the results is of the fourth order. To maintain this accuracy the help of a computer is not required for carrying out the calculation of velocity profiles. Thus the simplicity of the spline collocation technique is demonstrated in its application to flow problems.
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    Computation of hybrid element matrices by elimination techniques (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 423-435 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Three functionals, the modified forms of the Hu-Washizu, Hellinger-Reissner, and complementary energy principles, as developed by Pian, Chen, and Kang1.2 are stated. Finite element discretization of each is presented and the ensuing computations developed, resulting in the element stiffness matrix, with displacement degrees-of-freedom only, and the stress recovery matrices. Subroutines are presented for this purpose where the close relationship of the three principles is exploited to result in a compact hybrid element technique. The techniques herein reviewed are assumed applicable at the individual element level. The usual summation over all elements in the model is implied.
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    Accuracies of numerical solution methods for the pressure-modified von Mises modelThe paper was presented at Tenth U.S. National Congress of Applied Mechanics, June 16-20, 1986, Austin, Texas, U.S.A. (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 453-465 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The accuracy of three numerical algorithms - the tangent-stiffness radial-return, secant-stiffness radial-return and simple radial-return methods - is analysed against exact solutions for the pressure-modified von Mises yield criterion with the associated flow rule. The governing equations of the exact solutions are derived using a simple and innovative geometrical approach, in terms of a pair of non-linear, first order differential equations, in rate change of the deviatoric radius and in rate change of angular locations on the deviatoric plane. For both accuracy and efficiency, and for small and large time steps, the secant-stiffness radial-return method is the best of all.
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    Three-dimensional elastic finite element study of the skid resistance of grooved pavement (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 437-452 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A three-dimensional finite element model has been developed to simulate the sliding of a rubber block over a grooved road surface. The model makes use of the symmetries of the problem to simplify the analysis, so that two-dimensional isoparametric elements of both rectangular and triangular configuration have been extended into the third dimension. A procedure for analysing the behaviour of any one groove to groove unit of the pavement is also developed, and this is extended so that the contact between the sliding rubber block and the leading edge of each raised pavement section is analysed. Preliminary comparisons between theoretical calculations and experimental measurements indicate that the finite element procedure provides an accurate and economical estimate of the behaviour of the rubber slider as it is pressed into a grooved pavement. Elastic predictions of sliding resistance seem reasonable at low sliding speeds, but viscoelastic rubber analysis appears necessary if higher speed skid resistance is to be predicted.
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    Analysis of steady free convection from an axisymmetric heat-generating body embedded in a semi-infinite porous medium (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 467-487 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An analysis is presented for the steady state free convective flow and heat transfer from an axisymmetric heat-generating body that is embedded in a fluid-saturated, semi-infinite, porous medium. The porous medium is assumed to be rigid, homogeneous and isotropic, and be in thermal equilibrium with the fluid. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible, with the density changes contributing only towards the buoyancy forces via the Boussinesq approximation. The governing equations for the fluid consist of the equation of continuity, Darcy's law and the equation of energy. After introducing the stream function concept, the equations governing the stream function and pressure are derived. Using the non-dimensional variables, the non-dimensional equations governing the non-dimensional forms of the temperature, stream function and pressure are dervied and the appropriate boundary conditions are stated. The mathematical formulation contains two parameters; D, the non-dimensional depth of the body from the surface of the porous medium, and a product Raθs of Rayleigh number (Ra) and the non-dimensional surface temperature of the body (θs). The Galerkin finite element method, with linear, isoparametric, quadrilateral elements, is used to reduce the mathematical formulation into a set of algebraic equations. The expressions to calculate the non-dimensional surface temperature and Nusselt number of the body, and the non-dimensional velocity of the fluid, are derived. A computer code has been developed to solve the algebraic equations, using Gauss elimination procedure, in a banded matrix form. The computer code, in addition to the non-dimensional temperature, stream function and pressure, calculates the isothermal lines, non-dimensional surface temperature of the body, Nusselt number of the body, velocity field and isobars.To demonstrate the application of the code, a spherical heat-generating body is considered as an example. Numerical results are obtained for D = 3 and 6, and Raθs = 0.001, 0.1, 1 and 5, and presented.
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260301
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    Announcements (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 527-530 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260217
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    An integrated approach to the synthesis of geometrically non-linear structures (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 555-570 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An integrated approach to the minimum weight design of geometrically non-linear three dimensional truss structures with geometric imperfections, subject to inequality constraints on static displacements, stresses, local buckling and cross sectional areas, is investigated. The integrated structural synthesis problem involves design and response quantities as independent variables and equilibrium equations, describing the finite element model, as equality constraints. The non-linear structural analysis and the optimization are thus merged together into a single process. A computer program developed to compute the contraint values and analytical gradients is coupled with a generalized reduced gradient algorithm to solve the integrated problem. Numerical results for a geometrically non-linear shallow dome example problem are presented for various types of imperfections. Furthermore, it is found that the algorithm is capable of detecting and guarding against system as well as element elastic instability using equilibrium information only, that is, without imposing system and local buckling inequality constraints.
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    Theoretical basis of the finite element iterative method for the eigenvalue problem in stationary cracks (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 531-539 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In a recently published paper a finite element based iterative method was introduced for the solution of the eigenvalue problem of stationary cracks.1 In this paper we give the theoretical basis of this iterative method and we show why it converges and how it could be extended to more complex fracture problems. The cases of cracks at interfaces are illustrated.
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    Application of the finite element iterative method to the eigenvalue problem of a crack between dissimilar media (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 541-554 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element iterative method is applied to the eigenvalue problem of a crack between dissimilar media. In this case the transfer matrix is non-symmetric, which leads to complex eigenvalues. The singularity obtained agrees with the analytical results of r(-1/2+ie). The method of evaluating the eigenfunctions is general and can be applied to more complex cases of material and geometry, which are frequently encountered in composite materials. A powerful method for evaluating stress intensities in dissimilar media is given in the Appendix. The method is also reduced for homogeneous media to give stress intensity factors for modes I, II and III.
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    Elasto-plastic large deformation analysis of space-frames: A plastic-hinge and stress-based explicit derivation of tangent stiffnesses (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 589-615 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper deals with elasto-plastic large deformation analysis of space-frames. It is based on a complementary energy approach. A methodology is presented wherein: (i) each member of the frame, modelled as an initially straight space-beam, is sought to be represented by a single finite element, (ii) each member can undergo arbitrarily large rigid rotations, but only moderately large relative rotations; (iii) a plastic-hinge method, with arbitrary locations of the hinges along the beam, is used to account for plasticity, (iv) the non-linear bendin-stretching coupling is accounted for in each member, (v) the applied loading may be non-conservative and (vi) an explicit expression for the tangent stiffness matrix of each element is given under conditions (i) to (v). Several examples, with both quasi-static and dynamic loading, are given to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the approaches presented.
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    Multi-grid solutions to the elastic plastic torsion problem in multiply connected domains (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 631-646 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The elastic plastic torsion problem for an elastic, perfectly plastic cylinder with multiply connected cross section twisted around its longitudinal axis is formulated as an obstacle problem for an associated stress potential, the obstacle being defined in terms of a generalized distance function. Based upon the reformulation of the obstacle problem as an equivalent linear complementarity problem, the latter is discretized by means of finite difference techniques, and a monotonically convergent iterative scheme for its numerical solution is developed. At each step of the iteration the solution of a reduced system of discrete Poisson equations is required which is done by applying multi-grid techniques with respect to a hierarchy of grid-point sets. Combined with a suitably chosen nested iteration process this results in a computationally very efficient algorithm for the approximate solution of the elastic plastic torsion problem.
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    Application of spline strip method to analyse vibration of open cylindrical shells (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 663-676 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper deals with the vibration of open cylindrical shells by the spline strip method based on Novozhilov's shell theory. Convergence of the solutions is investigated in a few examples and is found to be satisfactory. The accuracy of the results is compared with those calculated by other numerical methods and found to be in good agreement.The effect of inlcuded angles and inplane constraints on vibrating characteristics of simply supported cylindrical shells is shown.
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    A quadrilateral finite element including vertex rotations for plane elasticity analysis (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 717-730 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A finite element of arbitrary quadrilateral shape is presented for plane elasticity analysis. The element is derived from triangular fields of compatible quadratic displacements with vertex connectors which include rotations. All rigid body movements and constant strain states are recovered exactly. Results from several test problems demonstrate that very good numerical accuracy is obtained for both displacements and stresses, even for quite coarse finite element meshes.
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    A numerical case study of a non-Newtonian flow problem (1988)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 695-704 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper addresses some of the theoretical aspects involved in the numerical study of non-Newtonian flow problems. We consider the second-order Rivlin-Erickson constitutive model due to the simple differential form that emerges for the system of equations that govern the flow when expressed in stream function-vorticity variables. This model describes slightly elastic fluids that exhibit a constant viscosity behaviour. A steady two-dimensional flow is studied through a planar contraction geometry.An auxiliary variable is introduced into the problem formulation producing a non-linear system of differential equations comprising two elliptic equations and one hyperbolic equation. This system is discretized by finite difference methods and the resulting system of non-linear algebraic equations is solved iteratively by successive substitutions. The simple structure of this iteration permits a convergence analysis which is presented in Section 2. This analysis is performed prior to the spatial discretization and establishes the dependence of the iteration upon the material parameters. At the discrete linearized equation level a combination of inner iterations for elliptic equations and direct marching for the hyperbolic equation is used. The stability of the marching scheme is considered in Section 4.3 and a discussion on the results is given in Section 5.
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    A nine node finite element for analysis of geometrically non-linear shells (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1945-1962 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A nine node finite element is presented for the analysis of thin shell structures undergoing large deflection. The finite element formulation is based on the concept of degenerate solid shell element and the Hellinger-Reissner principle with independent strain. Three versions of assumed independent strain are selected to suppress spurious kinematic modes. One version leads to a finite element model which is kinematically stable at element level while the other two give globally stable models. Numerical tests indicate that the finite element model which is stable at element level may reveal the locking effect in certain cases. However, the other two models are free of locking.
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    Finite element approximations of singular parabolic problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1989-2007 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An efficient implementation of finite element methods for free boundary parabolic problems in general two dimensional space domains is presented. The Stefan problem, the Hele-Shaw problem and the porous medium equation are included. Backward differences or linearization techniques are used for the time discretization of the problem. The performances of these schemes are discussed with several numerical tests.
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    A new hybrid transfinite element computational methodology for applicability to conduction/convection/radiation heat transfer (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1087-1100 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes new and recent advances in the development of a hybrid transfinite element computational methodology for applicability to conduction/convection/radiation heat transfer problems. The transfinite element methodology, while retaining the modelling versatility of contemporary finite element formulations, is based on application of transform techniques in conjunction with classical Galerkin schemes and is a hybrid approach. The purpose of this paper is to provide a viable hybrid computational methodology for applicability to general transient thermal analysis. Highlights and features of the methodology are described and developed via generalized formulations and applications to several test problems. The proposed transfinite element methodology successfully provides a viable computational approach and numerical test problems validate the proposed developments for conduction/convection/radiation thermal analysis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260507
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    A robust triangular plate bending element of the Reissner-Mindlin type (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1169-1184 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new triangular plate element is presented. This new element is based on independent interpolations for slopes, displacement and shear forces, and it is shown that it does not suffer from any defect common to other Mindlin plate elements. Several examples are presented to illustrate the behaviour of this new element.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260511
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    Computer analysis of structures matrix structural analysis, structured programming, Siegfried M. Holzer, Elsevier, 1985, pp. 426. ISBN 0-444-00943-4 (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1235-1236 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260515
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    Formulation and solution of hierarchical finite element equations (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1213-1233 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a general hierarchical formulation applicable to both elliptic and hyperbolic problems. Static and eigenvalue linear elastic problems as well as convection-diffusion problems are studied. The hierarchical formulation is well suited for adaptive procedures.For the convection-diffusion problem the hierarchical approximation is made in time only. Different hierarchical functions are proposed for different types of problems. Both weighted residual and least-squares formulations are applied. A combination of these two gives a penalty method with a constraint equation corresponding to the least-squares method. A whole class of time integration formulae is obtained. These are all suitable for adaptive procedures owing to the hierarchical approximation in the time domain. If a linear discontinuous hierarchical base function is used in the Galerkin weak formulation, the method so obtained corresponds to the discontinuous Galerkin method in time and is especially suited for convection dominated problems. The streamline-diffusion method is found to be the aforementioned penalty method.This paper also examines the sequence of nested equation systems that results from a hierarchical finite element formulation. Properties of these systems arising from static problems are investigated. The paper presents some new possibilities for iterative solution of hierarchic element equations, and different procedures are compared in a numerical example. Finally, a simple ID convection-diffusion problem clearly shows that the proposed hierarchical formulation in time gives a stable and accurate solution even for convection dominated flow.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260514
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    Announcement (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1240-1240 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260518
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260601
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    Exact numerical solutions for radiative heat transfer in cylindrical furnaces (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1201-1212 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Exact expressions for the distributions of the components of radiative flux density and the radiative energy source term in terms of wall and medium temperature distributions have been formulated for an emitting absorbing medium of constant properties bounded by black walls of a cylindrical enclosure. The accuracy of numerical solutions has been tested on an idealized enclosure for which exact analytical solution of the expressions is possible and shown to have six-figure accuracy. The exact expressions have then been solved numerically for an enclosure problem based on data reported previously on a large scale experimental furnace. The principal feature of the data is highly non-uniform temperature distributions which are typical of the conditions encountered in industrial furnaces. These data have been chosen because of their practical importance and the non-availability of exact solutions for such data. The resulting exact solutions have been tabulated and are intended to serve in the future as standards for testing the accuracy of the approximate predictions produced using various three-dimensional flux models in cylindrical configurations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260513
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    Numerical simulation in precision castings (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 219-229 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Microporosities often appear during the solidification of foundry pieces. They result from the volume contraction of the alloy during its solidification. Thermal transfers between alloy and mould check the solidification. They are estimated by a finite volume method, including specific calculation of the mould filling-up, the alloy solidification and the resulting feeding of the mould.The calculation uses a geometrical enmeshment of the whole mould, generating numerous elements of different sizes. From the experimental fluid flow measurement, the mould filling-up may be described step by step by the computer, as can the initial thermal transfer. Thermal transfers are related to the solidification enthalpic release obtained from quantitative differential thermal analysis. They are also related to the fluid flow induced by solidification shrinkage.Such a calculation leads to the location of the microporosities, from which pressure drops can be estimated during solidification.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240115
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    On the extrusion of visco-elastic fluids subject to viscous heating (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 263-270 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The die-swell occurring during the extrusion of a visco-elastic fluid has been extensively examined in recent years, both experimentally and numerically. These investigations have been mainly confined to isothermal flows. If the material is initially relatively cool, however, viscous heating may lead to proportionally large changes in temperature and material properties, with significant effects on die-swell. An iterative computational model is presented which describes the flow of Maxwell and Oldroyed fluids subject to the effect of temperature gradients induced by viscous heating and thermal boundary conditions. Predictions are presented for extrusion from both slit and axisymmetric dies.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240118
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    Preface (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240121
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    A block equation solver for large unsymmetric linear equation systems with dense coefficient matrices (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 289-300 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The presented solver uses the Crout L-U decomposition method. Disk memory space requirements are reduced to an absolute minimum and disk input-output is spectacularly limited. Very extensive pivoting improves numerical accuracy and stability. Experimental test runs prove the overall efficiency of the solver.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240203
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    A simple error estimator and adaptive procedure for practical engineerng analysis (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 337-357 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new error estimator is presented which is not only reasonably accurate but whose evaluation is computationally so simple that it can be readily implemented in existing finite element codes.The estimator allows the global energy norm error to be well estmated and alos gives a good evaluation of local errors. It can thus be combined with a full adaptive process of refinement or, more simply, provide guidance for mesh redesign which allows the user to obtain a desired accuracy with one or two trials.When combined with an automatic mesh generator a very efficient guidance process to analysis is avaiable.Estimates other than the energy norm have successfully been applied giving, for instance, a predetermined accuracy of stresses.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240206
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    Treatment of material discontinuities in finite element computations (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 393-417 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We consider finite element analysis of problems with discontinuous material coefficients. For applications in which the material interface crosses an element, we develop special elements with an embedded flux constraint at the interface. This new procedure is compared with the standard finite element method with interface coincident with the element boundary and with an existing method proposed by Steven.1 Supporting numerical studies are conducted and rates of convergence for the solution and interface flux are examined. Some local superconvergence behaviour is observed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240209
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    Conference diary (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 471-473 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240213
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    Masthead (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240301
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    Three-dimensional transient thermo-elastic analyses by the BIE method (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 25-45 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The proposed method is the direct boundary integral equation (BIE) method applied to three-dimensional transient heat transfer analyses and to corresponding elastostatic analyses under thermal loading. The mechanical and thermal problems are decoupled. For those not familiar with the BIE method, a short survey of the basic principles is given to help them understand the mathematical treatment, which is performed in the frame of distribution theory. The tempered elementary solution of the transient heat transfer problem contains time and space variables. The numerical treatment of the thermal equation is performed analytically with respect to time and numerically with respect to space in the same way as for steady state equations. Great care is paid to space integration in order to compute the values of the kernels precisely enough on the surface and inside the volume. The computational treatments of both problems are realized in such a way as to minimize computing time. Differences between transient and steady state analyses, on the one hand, and between elastostatic analyses with and without thermal loading, on the other, are emphasized. Finally, an analytical example shows the good behaviour of the proposed method to solve singular thermal problems and an industrial example shows the accuracy of the results obtained by using the BIE method to solve three-dimensional thermo-elastic problems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240103
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    Thermal stress analysis of sintering using a moving grid (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 47-57 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A moving finite element method that calculates the transient temperature distribution, the density distribution and the stress distribution during the sintering cycle has been developed. Coupled two-dimensional axisymmetric energy, continuity and stress equilibrium equations along with a constraint, specifying the direction of the initial material velocity, are solved in a Lagrangian co-ordinate system. The nodes move at the same speed as the material and therefore the convective terms in the differential equations drop out. At every time step, the energy equation is solved, and the computed temperatures are then used to find the densification rate. In two-dimensional problems, the continuity equation is not sufficient to calculate the two components of material velocity. Here, it is assumed that the diffusion caused by the density gradient is the driving force. This implies that the velocity vector of the material is perpendicular to the lines of constant density. Therefore, the combination of the diffusion and continuity equations will generate the initial sintering strains. The elastic stress equilibrium equations are then solved using the thermal and initial sintering strains as the driving forces. As a result, the final shape of the material and the stresses are determined.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240104
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    Numerical studies of buoyancy-driven turbulent flow in a rectangular cavity (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 89-99 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper some numerical predictions are presented for the buoyancy-driven turbulent flow and heat transfer in a large cavity using both a prescribed eddy viscosity model and a k-∊ model. The results from these models are in good agreement, although the calculations with the prescribed eddy viscosity model are considerably cheaper. The results also show the correct qualitative behaviour, but there are some differences between the predictions and the available experimental data. Possible reasons for these are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240107
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    Least-squares schemes for time integration of thermal problems (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 159-175 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper proposes a generalized least-squares time finite element procedure for analysis of transient field problems. It leads to a very general four parameter and two time level family of schemes. The free parameters are optimized in terms of accuracy, stability and oscillatory behaviour of the computational algorithm. In the case of linear problems an unconditionally stable scheme of fourth-order accuracy is obtained. Special choices of the free parameters also give a number of well-known time-integration schemes, such as the Zienkiewicz-Lewis third-order algorithm, the Goodrich scheme and standard schemes such as the Crank-Nicolson and backward fully implicit schemes. The main disadvantage of the higher order algorithm is a large bandwidth of the system matrix owing to the matrix terms of the form KTK. This drawback is reduced for special choices of the parameters by forming a product formula. Somewhat more computation is required than for popular schemes such as the generalized midpoint rule, depending on the prescribed variables. Numerical comparisons are made between the proposed higher order schemes and standard schemes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240112
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    Mixing and solidification of a turbulent liquid jet in a co-flowing stream (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 231-249 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model has been developed to quantify the effects of process conditions during turbulent solidification and mixing of a liquid metal jet in a confined co-flowing molten metal stream.The modelling has been split into three parts. First, a single phase model with no latent heat effects to consider the solidification potential. Secondly, a two phase model where the second phase is comprised of solid particles which solidify during mixing of the two streams. Thirdly, a two phase model where the second phase consists of the inner jet, which is assumed to break up into droplets of given size, and solid particles are allowed to form by solidification within the droplets.The results show that the thermal history (solidification path) of the solid phase formed is affected by latent heat and particle size, which implies that solidification, nucleation and jet fragmentation events should be included dynamically to ensure realistic predictions.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240116
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    Conference diary (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 285-287 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240120
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    Masthead (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240201
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