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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric instability of a liquid jet (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 681-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The existing aerodynamic theory is not capable of predicting the phenomenon of nonaxisymmetric breakup of a liquid jet, which has long been observed in experiments. A dispersion equation that accounts for the growth of asymmetric waves is derived in this paper. It is demonstrated that there exists a critical Weber number, below which the nonaxisymmetric disturbance becomes unstable. The Weber number here is defined as the ratio of surface tension force to the inertial force. The present theory indicates the possible growth of sinuous wave and the subsequent formation of curling flat sheet from an axisymmetric jet. According to the present analysis for a high-speed jet, the drops break away from the jet surface, instead of rings as predicted by the theory based on the axisymmetric assumption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858287
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer-controlled four-gun multisubstrate sputtering system for the preparation of composition-modulated structures (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 607-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a four-gun sputtering system which has been used successfully to prepare composition-modulated structures consisting of amorphous semiconductors and superconducting alloys or binary compounds. The substrates are mounted in ovens which can be individually heated to over 1000 °C. The ovens are mounted on a wheel which is driven by a computer-controlled stepping motor. With appropriate programming of the movement of the stepping motor, the deposition sequence is determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138297
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A three gun sputtering system for the deposition of superconductor/insulator multilayers (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 2127-2131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A sputtering deposition system has been developed to grow high-quality superconductor/insulator multilayers specifically for use in fabricating vertically stacked Josephson junctions. A unique feature of the design is the computer control of all parameters involved in the repetitive deposition of multilayers. The computer is interfaced with stepper motors that position the substrate, and shutter wheels. Additional computer controlled stepper motors allow in situ changing of up to five contact masks. The computer is also interfaced to a gas flowmeter that controls the partial pressure of the inert and reactive sputtering gases. High-quality, reproducible multilayer films have been produced and are described. Stacked Josephson junctions have been patterned with the multilayer films and some of their electrical characteristics are presented. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148107
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting properties of layered Nb0.53Ti0.47/Ge structures prepared by dc sputtering (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 2543-2549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sandwich and superlattice structures composed of the high critical field superconducting alloy Nb0.53Ti0.47 (where the compositions refer to weight percent) and amorphous Ge were sputter-deposited on sapphire substrates using a novel multi-sputter-gun system. The thicknesses of both the superconducting Nb0.53Ti0.47 and the insulating Ge layers were varied over a wide range in order to study the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) superconducting properties of these structures. The observed suppression of the measured resistive superconducting transition temperature Tc with increasing sheet resistance is tentatively interpreted using the Maekawa–Fukuyama theory which incorporates contributions from localization and Coulomb interaction effects. The upper critical fields, with the field both normal Hc2⊥ and parallel Hc2(parallel) to the film, were measured up to 50 kG. Hc2(parallel) exhibited 2D behavior when the thickness of the superconducting layer was less than 200 A(ring). The zero temperature values of Hc2(parallel)(0) were estimated using the Rickayzen formula, which is valid in the regime l(very-much-less-than)(lξ0)1/2(very-much-less-than)Ds (where l, ξ0, and Ds are the mean free path, pure material coherence length, and film thickness, respectively). The estimated Hc2(parallel)(0) peaks at about 400 kG for a superconducting layer thickness of 144 A(ring). This rather high upper critical field, which is considerably above the bulk value of 145 kG, likely has its origin in flux line accommodation within the insulating Ge layers. Since the Rickayzen expression neglects paramagnetic limiting, the true Hc2(parallel)(0) is expected to be somewhat lower; localization/interaction and spin orbit coupling effects are also neglected in this treatment. The situation is none the less encouraging and suggests multilayer superconductors may have a place in high-field magnet technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.335443
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of V/Fe superlattices (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 3660-3662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured the magnetic and superconducting properties of V/Fe superlattices. It is observed that ultrathin Fe layers behave in a 2-D fashion when isolated by thick V layers; however, on thinning the V layers a magnetic coupling between the Fe layers has been observed. No dead Fe layers were seen. When the V-layer thicknesses were on the order of the BCS coherence length, superconductivity was observed. A 2-D–3-D crossover was observed in the temperature dependence of the parallel critical field when the Fe layers were only a few atomic planes thick, implying the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.334979
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical-field measurements in Nb-Ti composition-modulated alloys (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 49 (1982), S. 279-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present measurements of the transition temperature and upper parallel critical field, to 15 kG, of layered Nb-Ti alloys for layer wavelengths between 6 and 6250 Å.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00681593
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting properties of V/Fe superlattices (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 63 (1986), S. 307-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements are reported on the superconducting properties of V/Fe superlatitices showing the interplay between ferromagnetism and superconductivity. When the V layer thickness is on the order of the BCS coherence length and the Fe layer is only a few atomic planes thick, a 2D–3D crossover is observed in the temperature dependence of the parallel upper critical field Hc2‖. This implies the coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in the Fe layers. Three-dimensional behavior for thinner Fe layers is observed (∼1 atomic plane) and 2D behavior for thicker Fe layers (〉10 atomic planes).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00683770
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rotational effects on natural convection in a horizontal cylinder (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1627-1633 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A numerical computation is carried out to study the interaction of rotation and natural convection inside a finite horizontal cylinder. The natural convection is due to differential heating on the two ends, while the rotation is along the axis of the horizontal cylinder. The aspect ratio, length of the cylinder to its radius, is 2.0. The Grashof number is fixed at 1.43 × 106 with air as a working fluid. The effect of rotation is examined with Gr/Re2 from 7.0 × 10-2 to ∞, which covers the range from rotation dominated flow to buoyancy dominated flow. It is found that when rotational speed is relatively small or Gr/Re2 » 1, the effect of rotation is to render the spatial heat flux distribution more uniform. As the rotational speed increases, the heat transfer rate distribution on the end surfaces is more homogenous and its level is also reduced. When the rotational speed is sufficiently high (Gr/Re2 « 1.0), heat transfer is by conduction only and the whole fluid inside the enclosure rotates as a rigid body. It is shown that there exists a rotation speed range in which one can have both relatively high and uniform heat transfer rates on the end walls.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341006
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A control volume finite difference method for buoyant flow in three-dimensional curvilinear non-orthogonal co-ordinates (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 199-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite difference ; Natural convection ; Enclosure flow ; Non-orthogonal co-ordinates ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents a control-volume-based finite difference method in non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates on a local basis in which the vectors and tensors are all based on the general curvilinear coordinates for buoyant flow calculations in arbitrary three-dimensional geometries. The governing equations are transformed from Cartesian co-ordinates into generalized curvilinear co-ordinates. After integrating the set of equations for the control volumes, the finite difference equations are then formulated by a proper treatment of the heat flux and stress tensors and by incorporating the QUICK scheme for the convective terms. The solution procedure then follows the one for three-dimensional Cartesian co-ordinates.Examples are given in problems of natural convection in such three-dimensional enclosures as parallelepiped enclosures and horizontal closed cylinders with differentially heated ends. In the latter case, important applications have been found in crystal growth by means of chemical vapour deposition in a cylindrical ampoule, in which uniform heat fluxes along the two ends are required in order to produce high-quality crystals. Special attention is given to the insertion of baffles in the cylinder to improve the recirculating flow patterns near the two ends.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100206
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buoyant flow calculations with non-orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates for vertical and horizontal parallelepiped enclosures (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 331-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A control-volume-based finite-difference formulation is developed for heat transfer and fluid flow in arbitrary three-dimensional parallelepiped enclosures. The governing equations in Cartesian co-ordinates are first transformed to those in non-orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates by tensor transformations. After introducing the properties of the parallelepiped geometry, equations are obtained in the primitive variables for which all vectors and tensors are based on the curvilinear co-ordinates. With proper treatment of the heat flux and stress tensor terms, the finite-difference equations, analogous to those in the Cartesian coordinates, are formed. Examples are utilized to show the validity of the methodology and the results are found to compare well with existing experimental data. The differences in heat transfer and fluid flow inside parallelepiped enclosures and rectangular enclosures are delineated and discussed from a physical point of view.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250205
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