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  • Cells, Cultured  (27)
  • Genes  (25)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (52)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (52)
  • 1986  (52)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (52)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Springer  (2)
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (52)
Year
  • 1
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    Gonadotroph-specific expression of metallothionein fusion genes in pituitaries of transgenic mice (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: Transgenic mice expressing a metallothionein-somatostatin fusion gene contain high concentrations of somatostatin in the anterior pituitary gland, a tissue that does not normally produce somatostatin. Immunoreactive somatostatin within the anterior pituitaries was found exclusively within gonadotrophs. Similarly, a metallothionein-human growth-hormone fusion gene was also expressed selectively in gonadotrophs. It is proposed that sequences common to the two fusion genes are responsible for the gonadotroph-specific expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Low, M J -- Lechan, R M -- Hammer, R E -- Brinster, R L -- Habener, J F -- Mandel, G -- Goodman, R H -- AM 01313/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 30457/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 31400/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):1002-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2868526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Genes ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism ; Metallothionein/*genetics ; Mice ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*metabolism ; Rats ; Somatostatin/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: effects on normal and leukemic myeloid cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: Experiments were conducted to isolate and characterize the gene and gene product of a human hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor with pluripotent biological activities. This factor has the ability to induce differentiation of a murine myelomonocytic leukemia cell line WEHI-3B(D+) and cells from patients with newly diagnosed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). A complementary DNA copy of the gene encoding a pluripotent human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant form of hG-CSF is capable of supporting neutrophil proliferation in a CFU-GM assay. In addition, recombinant hG-CSF can support early erythroid colonies and mixed colony formation. Competitive binding studies done with 125I-labeled hG-CSF and cell samples from two patients with newly diagnosed human leukemias as well as WEHI-3B(D+) cells showed that one of the human leukemias (ANLL, classified as M4) and the WEHI-3B(D+) cells have receptors for hG-CSF. Furthermore, the murine WEHI-3B(D+) cells and human leukemic cells classified as M2, M3, and M4 were induced by recombinant hG-CSF to undergo terminal differentiation to macrophages and granulocytes. The secreted form of the protein produced by the bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 was found to be O-glycosylated and to have a molecular weight of 19,600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Souza, L M -- Boone, T C -- Gabrilove, J -- Lai, P H -- Zsebo, K M -- Murdock, D C -- Chazin, V R -- Bruszewski, J -- Lu, H -- Chen, K K -- CA00966/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA20194/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA32516/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):61-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2420009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/genetics/*pharmacology ; DNA/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Genes ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Granulocytes/*physiology ; Humans ; Leukemia/*pathology ; Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology ; Mice ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Proteins/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Coronavirus infection induces H-2 antigen expression on oligodendrocytes and astrocytes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-23
    Description: Infection of the central nervous system by mouse hepatitis virus strain A59, a murine neurotropic coronavirus, induces class I major histocompatibility complex antigens on mouse oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, cells that do not normally express these antigens on their surfaces. This induction, which occurs through soluble factors elaborated by infected glial cells, potentially allows immunocytes to interact with the glial cells and may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of virus-induced, immune-mediated demyelination in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suzumura, A -- Lavi, E -- Weiss, S R -- Silberberg, D H -- NS11037/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS21954/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 23;232(4753):991-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3010460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; H-2 Antigens/*immunology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/*immunology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Mice ; Murine hepatitis virus/immunology ; Neuroglia/*immunology ; Oligodendroglia/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Deletion in cysteine-rich region of LDL receptor impedes transport to cell surface in WHHL rabbit (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-06
    Description: The Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit, an animal with familial hypercholesterolemia, produces a mutant receptor for plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) that is not transported to the cell surface at a normal rate. Cloning and sequencing of complementary DNA's from normal and WHHL rabbits, shows that this defect arises from an in-frame deletion of 12 nucleotides that eliminates four amino acids from the cysteine-rich ligand binding domain of the LDL receptor. A similar mutation, detected by S1 nuclease mapping of LDL receptor messenger RNA, occurred in a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia whose receptor also fails to be transported to the cell surface. These findings suggest that animal cells may have fail-safe mechanisms that prevent the surface expression of improperly folded proteins with unpaired or improperly bonded cysteine residues.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4451858/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4451858/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamamoto, T -- Bishop, R W -- Brown, M S -- Goldstein, J L -- Russell, D W -- HL 01287/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 20948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 31346/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL020948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 6;232(4755):1230-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3010466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Transport ; *Chromosome Deletion ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cysteine/genetics ; Dna ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Genes ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/*genetics ; Mutation ; RNA, Messenger ; Rabbits ; Receptors, LDL/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Chromosome Y-specific DNA is transferred to the short arm of X chromosome in human XX males (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-15
    Description: Y-chromosomal DNA is present in the genomes of most human XX males. In these cases, maleness is probably due to the presence of the Y-encoded testis-determining factor (TDF). By means of in situ hybridization of a probe (pDP105) detecting Y-specific DNA to metaphases from three XX males, it was demonstrated that the Y DNA is located on the tip of the short arm of an X chromosome. This finding supports the hypothesis that XX maleness is frequently the result of transfer of Y DNA, including TDF, to a paternally derived X chromosome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andersson, M -- Page, D C -- de la Chapelle, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 15;233(4765):786-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA/*genetics ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/cytology ; Male ; Metaphase ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Sex Determination Analysis ; *X Chromosome ; *Y Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Abnormal proteins serve as eukaryotic stress signals and trigger the activation of heat shock genes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Heat shock protein (hsp) genes, a group of ubiquitous genes, are activated by various metabolic stresses. The suggestion that denaturation of intracellular proteins may be produced by the metabolic stresses and then signal the activation of the hsp genes was examined by co-injection of purified proteins and hsp genes into frog oocytes. Activation of hsp genes was observed if the proteins were denatured prior to injection but not if they were introduced in their native form. Furthermore, the activation of hsp genes by abnormal proteins and by heat shock appears to occur by a common mechanism. A model for the transcriptional regulation of the genes is based on competition for degradation between abnormal intracellular proteins and a labile regulatory factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ananthan, J -- Goldberg, A L -- Voellmy, R -- GM31125/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):522-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3083508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Escherichia coli ; *Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Genes ; Globins/pharmacology ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Proteins/pharmacology/*physiology ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Induction of membrane ruffling and fluid-phase pinocytosis in quiescent fibroblasts by ras proteins (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-05
    Description: Expression of the ras oncogene is thought to be one of the contributing events in the initiation of certain types of human cancer. To determine the cellular activities that are directly triggered by ras proteins, the early consequences of microinjection of the human H-ras proteins into quiescent rat embryo fibroblasts were investigated. Within 30 minutes to 1 hour after injection, cells show a marked increase in surface ruffles and fluid-phase pinocytosis. The rapid enhancement of membrane ruffling and pinocytosis is induced by both the proto-oncogenic and the oncogenic forms of the H-ras protein. The effects produced by the oncogenic protein persist for more than 15 hours after injection, whereas the effects of the proto-oncogenic protein are short-lived, being restricted to a 3-hour interval after injection. The stimulatory effect of the ras oncogene protein on ruffling and pinocytosis is dependent on the amount of injected protein and is accompanied by an apparent stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity. These rapid changes in cell membrane activities induced by ras proteins may represent primary events in the mechanism of action of ras proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bar-Sagi, D -- Feramisco, J R -- CA07896/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA39811/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM28277/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 5;233(4768):1061-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3090687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Membrane/*drug effects/ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; DNA/biosynthesis ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Microinjections ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/*pharmacology ; Phospholipases A/metabolism ; Phospholipases A2 ; Phospholipids/metabolism ; Pinocytosis/*drug effects ; Rats ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Neurosciences advance in basic and clinical realms (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1324-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*diagnosis/pathology ; Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; Humans ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Mollusca ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Brain architecture: beyond genes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):155-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Chickens ; Genes ; Humans ; Language Development ; Male ; Neurons/physiology ; Rats ; Synapses/physiology ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    A yeast gene that is essential for release from glucose repression encodes a protein kinase (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-12
    Description: The SNF1 gene plays a central role in carbon catabolite repression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, namely that SNF1 function is required for expression of glucose-repressible genes. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned SNF1 gene was determined, and the predicted amino acid sequence shows that SNF1 encodes a 72,040-dalton polypeptide that has significant homology to the conserved catalytic domain of mammalian protein kinases. Specific antisera were prepared and used to identify the SNF1 protein. The protein was shown to transfer phosphate from adenosine triphosphate to serine and threonine residues in an in vitro autophosphorylation reaction. These findings indicate that SNF1 encodes a protein kinase and suggest that protein phosphorylation plays a critical role in regulation by carbon catabolite repression in eukaryotic cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Celenza, J L -- Carlson, M -- GM34095/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 12;233(4769):1175-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3526554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Enzyme Repression ; Genes ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Gene transfer and molecular cloning of the human NGF receptor (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor are important in the development of cells derived from the neural crest. Mouse L cell transformants have been generated that stably express the human NGF receptor gene transfer with total human DNA. Affinity cross-linking, metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation, and equilibrium binding with 125I-labeled NGF revealed that this NGF receptor had the same size and binding characteristics as the receptor from human melanoma cells and rat PC12 cells. The sequences encoding the NGF receptor were molecularly cloned using the human Alu repetitive sequence as a probe. A cosmid clone that contained the human NGF receptor gene allowed efficient transfection and expression of the receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chao, M V -- Bothwell, M A -- Ross, A H -- Koprowski, H -- Lanahan, A A -- Buck, C R -- Sehgal, A -- NS-17551/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-23343-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS21072/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):518-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3008331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Humans ; Melanoma/metabolism ; Mice ; Oncogenes ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Tunicamycin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Induction of the c-fos oncogene by thyrotropic hormone in rat thyroid cells in culture (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-25
    Description: Rat thyroid cells in culture, rendered quiescent by hormone deprivation, can be stimulated to undergo DNA synthesis in the absence of serum by the addition of purified thyrotropin. The primary effect in response to thyrotropin action in thyroid cells is the induction of the c-fos oncogene, followed by c-myc expression. This suggests that thyrotropin acts as a competence growth factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colletta, G -- Cirafici, A M -- Vecchio, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 25;233(4762):458-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Oncogenes/*drug effects ; Rats ; Thyroid Gland/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Thyrotropin/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Plant glutamine synthetase complements a glnA mutation in Escherichia coli (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-06
    Description: A glutamine synthetase gene from alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has been expressed in Escherichia coli after fusion of bacterial transcription and translation signals to a complete alfalfa glutamine synthetase coding sequence. Synthesis of the alfalfa glutamine synthetase enzyme in Escherichia coli was demonstrated by functional genetic complementation of a glutamine synthetase-deficient mutant and by immunoblotting analysis. These results should facilitate protein engineering and structure-function analysis of the plant enzyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DasSarma, S -- Tischer, E -- Goodman, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 6;232(4755):1242-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2871626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Escherichia coli/*genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/*genetics ; Medicago sativa/*genetics ; Molecular Weight ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic
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  • 14
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    Inhibition of endothelial regeneration by type-beta transforming growth factor from platelets (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-05
    Description: Damage to the vessel wall is a signal for endothelial migration and replication and for platelet release at the site of injury. Addition of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) purified from platelets to growing aortic endothelial cells inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation in a concentration-dependent manner. A transient inhibition of DNA synthesis was also observed in response to wounding; cell migration and replication are inhibited during the first 24 hours after wounding. By 48 hours after wounding both TGF-beta-treated and -untreated cultures showed similar responses. Flow microfluorimetric analysis of cell cycle distribution indicated that after 24 hours of exposure to TGF-beta the cells were blocked from entering S phase, and the fraction of cells in G1 was increased. The inhibition of the initiation of regeneration by TGF-beta could allow time for recruitment of smooth muscle cells into the site of injury by other platelet components.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heimark, R L -- Twardzik, D R -- Schwartz, S M -- HL-18645/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 5;233(4768):1078-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3461562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Platelets/*physiology ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium/cytology/*physiology ; Flow Cytometry ; *Growth Inhibitors ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Regeneration ; Transforming Growth Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Researchers hunt for Alzheimer's disease gene (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):448-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics ; Family ; Female ; Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk
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  • 16
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    New rule proposed for protein degradation (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 10;234(4773):151-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3018927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Half-Life ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Ubiquitins/metabolism ; beta-Galactosidase/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Stimulation of gonadotropin release by a non-GnRH peptide sequence of the GnRH precursor (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: The human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) precursor comprises the GnRH sequence followed by an extension of 59 amino acids. Basic amino acid residues in the carboxyl terminal extension may represent sites of processing to biologically active peptides. A synthetic peptide comprising the first 13 amino acids (H X Asp-Ala-Glu-Asn-Leu-Ile-Asp-Ser-Phe-Gln-Glu-Ile-Val X OH) of the 59-amino acid peptide was found to stimulate the release of gonadotropic hormones from human and baboon anterior pituitary cells in culture. The peptide did not affect thyrotropin or prolactin secretion. A GnRH antagonist did not inhibit gonadotropin stimulation by the peptide, and the peptide did not compete with GnRH for GnRH pituitary receptors, indicating that the action of the peptide is independent of the GnRH receptor. The GnRH precursor contains two distinct peptide sequences capable of stimulating gonadotropin release from human and baboon pituitary cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Millar, R P -- Wormald, P J -- Milton, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):68-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3082009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/*secretion ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Luteinizing Hormone/*secretion ; Papio ; Peptide Fragments/*pharmacology ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/drug effects/*secretion ; Protein Precursors/*pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway in the stimulation of c-myc expression and DNA synthesis by bombesin (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-28
    Description: The bombesin-like peptides are potent mitogens for Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, human bronchial epithelial cells, and cells isolated from small cell carcinoma of the lung. The mechanism of signal transduction in the proliferative response to bombesin was investigated by studying the effect of Bordetella pertussis toxin on bombesin-stimulated mitogenesis. At nanomolar concentrations, bombesin increased levels of c-myc messenger RNA and stimulated DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells. Treatment of the cells with pertussis toxin (5 nanograms per milliliter) completely blocked bombesin-enhanced c-myc expression and eliminated bombesin-stimulated DNA synthesis. This treatment had essentially no effect on the mitogenic responses to either platelet-derived growth factor or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. These results suggest that the mitogenic actions of bombesin-like growth factors are mediated through a pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding protein. Furthermore they indicate that bombesin-like growth factors act through pathways that are different from those activated by platelet-derived growth factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Letterio, J J -- Coughlin, S R -- Williams, L T -- R01 HL 32898/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 28;234(4780):1117-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3465038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bombesin/*pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA, Neoplasm/*biosynthesis ; Humans ; Mice ; Oncogenes/*drug effects ; *Pertussis Toxin ; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate ; Phorbol Esters/pharmacology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/*pharmacology
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  • 19
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    Cultivation of Rhinosporidium seeberi in vitro: interaction with epithelial cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-24
    Description: Rhinosporidium seeberi, a fungus that is associated with polyp-like tumors in animals and man, was successfully cultivated. This organism stimulated proliferation of epithelial cells in vitro, producing polyp-like structures. Spores produced in culture required a period of aging or development, or both, before they were capable of reinitiating the growth cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, M G -- Meuten, D J -- Breitschwerdt, E B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 24;234(4775):474-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3764422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cells, Cultured ; Dogs ; Epithelium/microbiology ; Humans ; Polyps/microbiology ; Rhinosporidium/*growth & development
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  • 20
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    Transforming growth factor-beta: biological function and chemical structure (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Description: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGF-beta and essentially all of them have specific receptors for this peptide. TGF-beta regulates the actions of many other peptide growth factors and determines a positive or negative direction of their effects. Its marked ability to enhance formation of connective tissue in vivo suggests several therapeutic applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sporn, M B -- Roberts, A B -- Wakefield, L M -- Assoian, R K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 1;233(4763):532-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3487831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Genes ; Humans ; Peptides/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology/*physiology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Rats ; Transforming Growth Factors
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  • 21
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    Replication of the B19 parvovirus in human bone marrow cell cultures (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-22
    Description: The B19 parvovirus is responsible for at least three human diseases. The virus was successfully propagated in suspension cultures of human erythroid bone marrow from patients with hemolytic anemias; release of newly synthesized virus into the supernatants of infected cultures was observed. This culture system allowed study at a molecular level of events associated with the B19 life cycle. The B19 parvovirus replicated through high molecular weight intermediate forms, linked through a terminal hairpin structure. B19 replication in vitro was highly dependent on the erythropoietic content of cultures and on addition of the hormone erythropoietin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ozawa, K -- Kurtzman, G -- Young, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 22;233(4766):883-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Hemolytic/*microbiology ; Bone Marrow/*microbiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Erythropoietin/metabolism ; Humans ; Parvoviridae/*growth & development ; Virus Replication
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  • 22
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    A blood vessel model constructed from collagen and cultured vascular cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: A model of a blood vessel was constructed in vitro. Its multilayered structure resembled that of an artery and it withstood physiological pressures. Electron microscopy showed that the endothelial cells lining the lumen and the smooth muscle cells in the wall were healthy and well differentiated. The lining of endothelial cells functioned physically, as a permeability barrier, and biosynthetically, producing von Willebrand's factor and prostacyclin. The strength of the model depended on its multiple layers of collagen integrated with a Dacron mesh.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinberg, C B -- Bell, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):397-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2934816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta/anatomy & histology/cytology ; Blood Vessels/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen/*physiology ; Endothelium/anatomy & histology/cytology ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; *Models, Cardiovascular ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/anatomy & histology/cytology ; Polyethylene Terephthalates
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    The search for the cystic fibrosis gene (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 28;234(4780):1054-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3465037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cystic Fibrosis/*genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Markers ; Humans
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  • 24
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    Novel serine proteases encoded by two cytotoxic T lymphocyte-specific genes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: Genes that are expressed exclusively in cytotoxic T cells should encode proteins that are essential for target cell lysis in cell-mediated immune responses. The sequences of two cytotoxic T lymphocyte-specific complementary DNA's (cDNA's) suggest that the two genes encode serine proteases. A full-length cDNA corresponding to one of the genes was isolated and sequenced. The predicted protein resembles serine proteases in that it includes all the residues that form the catalytic triad of the active site of serine proteases. Moreover, it has sequence characteristics thought to occur only in rat mast cell protease type II. These results are in accord with the view that a protease cascade plays a key role in cytotoxic T-cell activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lobe, C G -- Finlay, B B -- Paranchych, W -- Paetkau, V H -- Bleackley, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):858-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3518058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Endopeptidases/*genetics ; Genes ; Mice ; Serine Endopeptidases ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*metabolism
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    A parathyroid hormone-like protein from cultured human keratinocytes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: Parathyroid hormone-like factors have been found in extracts of tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, many of which are of squamous epithelial origin. Cultured, nonmalignant human keratinocytes were examined for the production of similar factors. Keratinocyte-conditioned medium from ten cultures stimulated the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in clonally derived rat osteosarcoma cells sensitive to parathyroid hormone. Bovine [Nle8,18, Tyr34]PTH-(3-34)NH2, a competitive inhibitor of parathyroid hormone, stopped the adenylate cyclase production stimulated by keratinocyte-conditioned medium, but antisera to parathyroid hormone had no effect on such adenylate cyclase activity. The active component of keratinocyte-conditioned medium has a molecular weight exceeding that of native parathyroid hormone. These characteristics are shared by the parathyroid hormone receptor agonists associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, which suggests that normal human keratinocytes may produce a factor related to that produced by malignant tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merendino, J J Jr -- Insogna, K L -- Milstone, L M -- Broadus, A E -- Stewart, A F -- AM 30102/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):388-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2417317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Epidermis/*cytology/metabolism/physiology ; Humans ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Keratins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Osteosarcoma/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology/*physiology ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Rats ; Teriparatide
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 26
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    A critical period for macromolecular synthesis in long-term heterosynaptic facilitation in Aplysia (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-05
    Description: Both long-term and short-term sensitization of the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia involve facilitation of the monosynaptic connections between the sensory and motor neurons. To analyze the relationship between these two forms of synaptic facilitation at the cellular and molecular level, this monosynaptic sensorimotor component of the gill-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia can be reconstituted in dissociated cell culture. Whereas one brief application of 1 microM serotonin produced short-term facilitation in the sensorimotor connection that lasted minutes, five applications over 1.5 hours resulted in long-term facilitation that lasted more than 24 hours. Inhibitors of protein synthesis or RNA synthesis selectively blocked long-term facilitation, but not short-term facilitation, indicating that long-term facilitation requires the expression of gene products not essential for short-term facilitation. Moreover, the inhibitors only blocked long-term facilitation when given during the serotonin applications; the inhibitors did not block the facilitation when given either before or after serotonin application. These results parallel those for behavioral performance in vertebrates and indicate that the critical time window characteristic of the requirement for macromolecular synthesis in long-term heterosynaptic facilitation is not a property of complex circuitry, but an intrinsic characteristic of specific nerve cells and synaptic connections involved in the long-term storage of information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Montarolo, P G -- Goelet, P -- Castellucci, V F -- Morgan, J -- Kandel, E R -- Schacher, S -- NS 19595/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 5;234(4781):1249-54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amanitins/pharmacology ; Anisomycin/pharmacology ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Memory/*physiology ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Motor Neurons/drug effects ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Reflex/drug effects ; Serotonin/pharmacology
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  • 27
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    Fine structure genetic analysis of a beta-globin promoter (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-02
    Description: A novel procedure for saturation mutagenesis of cloned DNA was used to obtain more than 100 single base substitutions within the promoter of the mouse beta-major globin gene. The effects of these promoter substitutions on transcription were determined by transfecting the cloned mutant genes into HeLa cells on plasmids containing an SV40 transcription enhancer, and measuring the levels of correctly initiated beta-globin transcripts after 2 days. Mutations in three regions of the promoter resulted in a significant decrease in the level of transcription: (i) the CACCC box, located between -87 and -95, (ii) the CCAAT box, located between -72 and -77, and (iii) the TATA box, located between -26 and -30 relative to the start site of transcription. In contrast, two different mutations in nucleotides immediately upstream from the CCAAT box resulted in a 3- to 3.5-fold increase in transcription. With two minor exceptions, single base substitutions in all other regions of the promoter had no effect on transcription. These results precisely delineate the cis-acting sequences required for accurate and efficient initiation of beta-globin transcription, and they establish a general approach for the fine structure genetic analysis of eukaryotic regulatory sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, R M -- Tilly, K -- Maniatis, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 2;232(4750):613-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3457470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Engineering ; Globins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 28
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    Long-term cultures of HTLV-III--infected T cells: a model of cytopathology of T-cell depletion in AIDS (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-21
    Description: Long-term cultures were established of HTLV-III-infected T4 cells from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and of T4 cells from normal donors after infection of the cells in vitro. By initially reducing the number of cells per milliliter of culture medium it was possible to grow the infected cells for 50 to 60 days. As with uninfected T cells, immunologic activation of the HTLV-III-infected cells with phytohemagglutinin led to patterns of gene expression typical of T-cell differentiation, such as production of interleukin-2 and expression of interleukin-2 receptors, but in the infected cells immunologic activation also led to expression of HTLV-III, which was followed by cell death. The results revealed a cytopathogenic mechanism that may account for T4 cell depletion in AIDS patients and suggest how repeated antigenic stimulation by infectious agents, such as malaria in Africa, or by allogeneic blood or semen, may be important determinants of the latency period in AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zagury, D -- Bernard, J -- Leonard, R -- Cheynier, R -- Feldman, M -- Sarin, P S -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 21;231(4740):850-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2418502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/microbiology/*pathology ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; Antigens, Surface/analysis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/*growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*microbiology
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  • 29
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    Pertussis toxin gene: nucleotide sequence and genetic organization (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-06
    Description: The current pertussis vaccines, although efficacious, in some instances produce undesirable side effects. Molecular engineering of pertussis toxin, the major protective antigen, could provide a safer, new generation of vaccines against whooping cough. As a first critical step in the development of such a vaccine, the complete nucleotide sequence of the pertussis toxin gene was determined and the amino acid sequences of the individual subunits were deduced. All five subunits are coded by closely linked cistrons. A promoter-like structure was found in the 5'-flanking region, suggesting that the toxin is expressed through a polycistronic messenger RNA. The order of the cistrons is S1, S2, S4, S5, and S3. All subunits contain signal peptides of variable length. The calculated molecular weights of the mature subunits are 26,024 for S1, 21,924 for S2, 21,873 for S3, 12,058 for S4, and 11,013 for S5. Subunits S2 and S3 share 70% amino acid homology and 75% nucleotide homology. Subunit S1 contains two regions of eight amino acids homologous to analogous regions in the A subunit of both cholera and Escherichia coli heat labile toxins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Locht, C -- Keith, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 6;232(4755):1258-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3704651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Genes ; Molecular Weight ; *Pertussis Toxin ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/*genetics
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    Nerve activity alters neurotransmitter synthesis (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 20;232(4757):1500-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2872725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Neurons/cytology/*metabolism ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*biosynthesis ; Peripheral Nerves/physiology
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  • 31
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    First success with reverse genetics (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):159-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genes ; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/*genetics ; Humans ; Male
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  • 32
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    Caffeine-induced uncoupling of mitosis from the completion of DNA replication in mammalian cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-06
    Description: Caffeine was shown to induce mitotic events in mammalian cells before DNA replication (S phase) was completed. Synchronized BHK cells that were arrested in early S phase underwent premature chromosome condensation, nuclear envelope breakdown, morphological "rounding up," and mitosis-specific phosphoprotein synthesis when they were exposed to caffeine. These mitotic responses occurred only after the cells had entered S phase and only while DNA synthesis was inhibited by more than 70 percent. Inhibitors of protein synthesis blocked these caffeine-induced events, while inhibitors of RNA synthesis had little effect. These results suggest that caffeine induces the translation or stabilizes the protein product (or products) of mitosis-related RNA that accumulates in S-phase cells when DNA replication is suppressed. The ability to chemically manipulate the onset of mitosis should be useful for studying the regulation of this event in mammalian cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schlegel, R -- Pardee, A B -- CA 22427/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 6;232(4755):1264-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2422760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caffeine/*pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; *DNA Replication ; Dactinomycin/pharmacology ; Interphase ; Mitosis/*drug effects ; RNA/metabolism
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    CNS and hypoderm regulatory elements of the Drosophila melanogaster dopa decarboxylase gene (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-21
    Description: Expression of the dopa decarboxylase gene (Ddc) is regulated in a tissue- and developmental stage-specific manner throughout the life cycle of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Essential Ddc regulatory elements lie within 208 base pairs upstream from the RNA start point. Functional elements within this 5' flanking region were mapped by deletion analysis, which assayed expression in vivo after germline integration via P element vectors. One of the elements is essential for expression in both the larval and adult central nervous system, and at least two other elements are necessary for quantitatively normal expression in the hypoderm. Within each of the intervals that have regulatory effects are found sequence elements conserved between the Ddc genes of two distantly related species of flies. On the basis of this correlation, regulatory functions for these sequence elements can be postulated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scholnick, S B -- Bray, S J -- Morgan, B A -- McCormick, C A -- Hirsh, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 21;234(4779):998-1002.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3095924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; Dopa Decarboxylase/*genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/growth & development ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes
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    Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-23
    Description: Two metabolites of the steroid hormones progesterone and deoxycorticosterone, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 3 alpha, 5 alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, are potent barbiturate-like ligands of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-chloride ion channel complex. At concentrations between 10(-7) and 10(-5)M both steroids inhibited binding of the convulsant t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate to the GABA-receptor complex and increased the binding of the benzodiazepine flunitrazepam; they also stimulated chloride uptake (as measured by uptake of 36Cl-) into isolated brain vesicles, and potentiated the inhibitory actions of GABA in cultured rat hippocampal and spinal cord neurons. These data may explain the ability of certain steroid hormones to rapidly alter neuronal excitability and may provide a mechanism for the anesthetic and hypnotic actions of naturally occurring and synthetic anesthetic steroids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Majewska, M D -- Harrison, N L -- Schwartz, R D -- Barker, J L -- Paul, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 23;232(4753):1004-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2422758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; Bicyclo Compounds/metabolism ; *Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic ; Binding, Competitive ; Brain/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Desoxycorticosterone/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Flunitrazepam/metabolism ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; Progesterone/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, GABA-A/*drug effects/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/metabolism
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    Structure and diversity of the human T-cell receptor beta-chain variable region genes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-08-22
    Description: In order to characterize the variability of the expressed human T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain repertoire and contrast this variability to the known murine beta-chain repertoire, 15 independent complementary DNA (cDNA) clones containing TCR beta-chain variable region (V beta) genes were isolated from a human tonsil cDNA library. The nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences of these 15 V beta genes were analyzed together with 7 previously defined sequences. Fifteen different human V beta genes could be identified from 22 independent sequences. By means of DNA hybridization and sequence homology comparisons, it was possible to group these 15 genes into ten distinct V beta subfamilies, each containing from one to seven members. Minimal polymorphism was noted between individuals, except in multimember subfamilies. The amino acid sequences of these genes contain conserved amino acids that are also shared by murine TCR V beta genes and immunoglobulins; no features were found that distinguish human V beta genes from their murine counterparts. Evaluation of secondary structure showed that maximum variability coincides with generally hydrophilic portions of the amino acid sequence, while specific hydrophobic regions were conserved in all V beta genes examined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tillinghast, J P -- Behlke, M A -- Loh, D Y -- 2-T32-AI00112/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM 07200/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 22;233(4766):879-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3755549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Dna ; Genes ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics
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    CD8+ lymphocytes can control HIV infection in vitro by suppressing virus replication (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-12-19
    Description: Lymphocytes bearing the CD8 marker were shown to suppress replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The effect was dose-dependent and most apparent with autologous lymphocytes; it did not appear to be mediated by a cytotoxic response. This suppression of HIV replication could be demonstrated by the addition of CD8+ cells at the initiation of virus production as well as after several weeks of virus replication by cultured cells. The observations suggest a potential approach to therapy in which autologous CD8 lymphocytes could be administered to individuals to inhibit HIV replication and perhaps progression of disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, C M -- Moody, D J -- Stites, D P -- Levy, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1563-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/therapy ; Antigens, Surface ; Cells, Cultured ; HIV/immunology/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; *Virus Replication
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    Suppression of neurite elongation and growth cone motility by electrical activity (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-06-27
    Description: Electrical activity may regulate a number of neuronal functions in addition to its role in transmitting signals along nerve cells. The hypothesis that electrical activity affects neurite elongation in sprouting neurons was tested by stimulating individual snail neurons isolated in cell culture. The findings demonstrated that growth cone advance, and thus neurite elongation, is reversibly stopped during periods when action potentials are experimentally evoked. A decrease in filopodial number and growth cone area was also observed. Thus, action potentials can mediate the cessation of neurite outgrowth and thereby may influence structure and connectivity within the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohan, C S -- Kater, S B -- HD18577/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS15350/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS21217/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 27;232(4758):1638-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3715470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Axons/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Electrophysiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Snails ; Synapses/physiology
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    Multiple, distinct forms of bovine and human protein kinase C suggest diversity in cellular signaling pathways (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-08-22
    Description: A new family of protein kinase C-related genes has been identified in bovine, human, and rat genomes. The alpha-, beta-, and gamma-type protein kinase sequences are highly homologous, include a kinase domain, and potential calcium-binding sites, and they contain interspersed variable regions. The corresponding genes are located on distinct human chromosomes; the possibility of even greater genetic complexity of this gene family is suggested by Northern and Southern hybridization analyses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coussens, L -- Parker, P J -- Rhee, L -- Yang-Feng, T L -- Chen, E -- Waterfield, M D -- Francke, U -- Ullrich, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 22;233(4766):859-66.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3755548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, 16-18 ; Dna ; Genes ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Protein Kinase C/*genetics ; Rats
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    A pseudoautosomal gene in man (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-11-07
    Description: The X/Y homologous gene MIC2 was shown to exchange between the sex chromosomes, thus demonstrating that it is a pseudoautosomal gene in man. MIC2 recombines with the sex-determining gene(s) TDF at a frequency of 2 to 3 percent. It is the most proximal pseudoautosomal locus thus far described and as such is an important marker for use in studies directed towards the isolation of TDF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodfellow, P J -- Darling, S M -- Thomas, N S -- Goodfellow, P N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 7;234(4777):740-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2877492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations/genetics ; Sex Determination Analysis ; *X Chromosome ; *Y Chromosome
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    The role of mononuclear phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV infection (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: Cells with properties characteristic of mononuclear phagocytes were evaluated for infectivity with five different isolates of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III/LAV. Mononuclear phagocytes cultured from brain and lung tissues of AIDS patients harbored the virus. In vitro-infected macrophages from the peripheral blood, bone marrow, or cord blood of healthy donors produced large quantities of virus. Virus production persisted for at least 40 days and was not dependent on host cell proliferation. Giant multinucleated cells were frequently observed in the macrophage cultures and numerous virus particles, often located within vacuole-like structures, were present in infected cells. The different virus isolates were compared for their ability to infect macrophages and T cells. Isolates from lung- and brain-derived macrophages had a significantly higher ability to infect macrophages than T cells. In contrast, the prototype HTLV-III beta showed a 10,000-fold lower ability to infect macrophages than T cells and virus production was one-tenth that in macrophage cultures infected with other isolates, indicating that a particular variant of HTLV-III/LAV may have a preferential tropism for macrophages or T cells. These results suggest that mononuclear phagocytes may serve as primary targets for infection and agents for virus dissemination and that these virus-infected cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gartner, S -- Markovits, P -- Markovitz, D M -- Kaplan, M H -- Gallo, R C -- Popovic, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):215-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology ; Brain/cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Deltaretrovirus/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lung/cytology ; Macrophages/physiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phagocytes/*physiology
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    The molecular biology of color vision (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Botstein, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 11;232(4747):142-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2937146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Color Perception/*physiology ; Color Vision Defects/genetics/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Drosophila ; Eye Proteins/genetics ; Genes ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Rod Opsins
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    Rates of DNA sequence evolution differ between taxonomic groups (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-03-21
    Description: The mutation rates of DNA sequences during evolution can be estimated from interspecies DNA sequence differences by assaying changes that have little or no effect on the phenotype (neutral mutations). Examination of available measurements shows that rates of DNA change of different phylogenetic groups differ by a factor of 5. The slowest rates are observed for higher primates and some bird lineages, while faster rates are seen in rodents, sea urchins, and drosophila. The rate of DNA sequence change has decreased markedly during primate evolution. The contrast in rates of DNA sequence change is probably due to evolutionary variation and selection of biochemical mechanisms such as DNA replication or repair.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Britten, R J -- GM34031/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 21;231(4744):1393-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3082006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Cricetinae ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Repair ; DNA Replication ; Drosophila ; Gene Frequency ; Genes ; Genetics, Population ; Gorilla gorilla ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hylobates ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pan troglodytes ; Phenotype ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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    Neuroleukin: a lymphokine product of lectin-stimulated T cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-10-31
    Description: Neuroleukin is a lymphokine product of lectin-stimulated T cells that induces immunoglobulin secretion by cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Neuroleukin acts early in the in vitro response that leads to formation of antibody-secreting cells, but continued production of immunoglobulin by differentiated antibody-secreting cells is neuroleukin-independent. Although the factor is not directly mitogenic, cellular proliferation is a late component of the response to neuroleukin. Neuroleukin does not have B-cell growth factor (BCGF) or B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF) activity in defined assays. Neuroleukin-evoked induction of immunoglobulin secretion is both monocyte- and T-cell-dependent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gurney, M E -- Apatoff, B R -- Spear, G T -- Baumel, M J -- Antel, J P -- Bania, M B -- Reder, A T -- 5PO1 NS24412/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):574-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3020690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/drug effects/physiology ; Bone Marrow/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Deltaretrovirus/genetics ; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase ; Growth Substances/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular/drug effects ; Immunoglobulins/biosynthesis ; Lectins/pharmacology ; Leukemia/metabolism ; Lymphokines/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Lymphoma/metabolism ; Mice ; Pokeweed Mitogens/pharmacology ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*physiology
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    Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-03-07
    Description: The mechanism by which the estrogen receptor and other steroid hormone receptors regulate gene expression in eukaryotic cells is not well understood. In this study, a complementary DNA clone containing the entire translated portion of the messenger RNA for the estrogen receptor from MCF-7 human breast cancer cells was sequenced and then expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells to give a functional protein. An open reading frame of 1785 nucleotides in the complementary DNA corresponded to a polypeptide of 595 amino acids and a molecular weight of 66,200, which is in good agreement with published molecular weight values of 65,000 to 70,000 for the estrogen receptor. Homogenates of transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells containing a protein that bound [3H]estradiol and sedimented as a 4S complex in salt-containing sucrose gradients and as an 8 to 9S complex in the absence of salt. Interaction of this receptor-[3H]estradiol complex with a monoclonal antibody that is specific for primate ER confirms the identity of the expressed complementary DNA as human estrogen receptor. Amino acid sequence comparisons revealed significant regional homology among the human estrogen receptor, the human glucocorticoid receptor, and the putative v-erbA oncogene product. This suggests that steroid receptor genes and the avian erythroblastosis viral oncogene are derived from a common primordial gene. The homologous region, which is rich in cysteine, lysine, and arginine, may represent the DNA-binding domain of these proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greene, G L -- Gilna, P -- Waterfield, M -- Baker, A -- Hort, Y -- Shine, J -- CA-02897/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD17103/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 7;231(4742):1150-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3753802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/analysis ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Receptors, Estrogen/*genetics ; Transformation, Genetic
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    Molecular cloning and expression of neuroleukin, a neurotrophic factor for spinal and sensory neurons (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-31
    Description: A novel 56,000-dalton growth factor found in mouse salivary gland was purified, molecularly cloned, and expressed in monkey COS cells. The protein is a neurotrophic factor and also, surprisingly, a lymphokine product of lectin-stimulated T cells. The factor was therefore named neuroleukin. Neuroleukin promotes the survival in culture of a subpopulation of embryonic spinal neurons that probably includes skeletal motor neurons. Neuroleukin also supports the survival of cultured sensory neurons that are insensitive to nerve growth factor, but has no effect on sympathetic or parasympathetic neurons. The amino acid sequence of neuroleukin is partly homologous to a highly conserved region of the external envelope protein of HTLV-III/LAV, the retrovirus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gurney, M E -- Heinrich, S P -- Lee, M R -- Yin, H S -- 5PO1 NS-21442/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):566-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3764429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase ; Growth Substances/genetics/*physiology ; Lymphokines/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Motor Neurons/drug effects ; Muscles/innervation ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects ; Salivary Glands/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/cytology
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    Cell line segregation during peripheral nervous system ontogeny (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-03-28
    Description: The peripheral nervous system of vertebrates arises from the neural crest and the ectodermal placodes. Construction of quail-chick chimaeras has provided significant information on the migration and fate of the neural crest and placodal cells. Transplantation of neural crest tissue to various sites in these chimaeras has demonstrated that the differentiation of neural crest cells is controlled by environmental influences during their migration and, particularly, during gangliogenesis. Experiments with in vitro and monoclonal antibody techniques have shown that these environmental cues act on a heterogeneous population of neural crest cells whose developmental potencies are partly restricted to definite differentiation pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Le Douarin, N M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 28;231(4745):1515-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3952494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chimera ; Coturnix/embryology ; Ganglia/cytology/*embryology/growth & development ; Neural Crest/cytology/immunology/*physiology/transplantation ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Peripheral Nerves/*embryology
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  • 47
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    Plant phenolic compounds induce expression of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens loci needed for virulence (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-23
    Description: The virulence loci of Agrobacterium tumefaciens are a set of linked transcriptional units that play an essential role in the early stages of plant tumorigenesis. These loci are induced upon cocultivation of the bacteria with plant cells. Seven phenolic compounds that are widely distributed among the angiosperm plants--catechol, gallic acid, pyrogallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, beta-resorcylic acid, and vanillin--are able to induce the expression of the virulence loci. These phenolics in combination induce each transcriptional locus of the vir loci. Furthermore, this induction displays similar kinetics and genetic control to that observed during cocultivation of the bacteria with plant cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bolton, G W -- Nester, E W -- Gordon, M P -- R01 GM32618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 23;232(4753):983-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3085219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Genetic Engineering ; Phenols/*pharmacology ; Rhizobium/*genetics/pathogenicity ; beta-Galactosidase/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 48
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    Control of cachectin (tumor necrosis factor) synthesis: mechanisms of endotoxin resistance (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-23
    Description: Cachectin (tumor necrosis factor) is a macrophage hormone strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced shock. The availability of a DNA probe complementary to the cachectin messenger RNA (mRNA), as well as a specific antibody capable of recognizing the cachectin gene product, has made it possible to analyze the regulation of cachectin gene expression under a variety of conditions. Thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages obtained from mice contain a pool of cachectin mRNA that is not expressed as protein. When the cells are stimulated with endotoxin, large quantity of additional cachectin mRNA is produced, and immunoreactive cachectin is secreted. Macrophages from mice of the C3H/HeJ strain do not produce cachectin in response to endotoxin. A dual defect appears to prevent cachectin expression. First, a diminished quantity of cachectin mRNA is expressed in response to low concentrations of endotoxin. Second, a post-transcriptional defect prevents the production of cachectin protein. Macrophages from endotoxin-sensitive mice do not produce cachectin if they are first treated with dexamethasone, apparently for similar reasons. These findings give new insight into the nature of the C3H/HeJ mutation and suggest an important mechanism by which glucocorticoids may act to suppress inflammation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beutler, B -- Krochin, N -- Milsark, I W -- Luedke, C -- Cerami, A -- AI21359/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AM01314/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 23;232(4753):977-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3754653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance ; Endotoxins/*pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Macrophages/drug effects/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H/physiology ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 49
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    Evolution of human influenza A viruses over 50 years: rapid, uniform rate of change in NS gene (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-23
    Description: Variation in influenza A viruses was examined by comparison of nucleotide sequences of the NS gene (890 bases) of 15 human viruses isolated over 53 years (1933 to 1985). Changes in the genes accumulate with time, and an evolutionary tree based on the maximum parsimony method can be constructed. The evolutionary rate is approximately 2 X 10(-3) substitution per site per year in the NS genes, which is about 10(6) times the evolutionary rate of germline genes in mammals. This uniform and rapid rate of evolution in the NS gene is a good molecular clock and is compatible with the hypothesis that positive selection is operating on the hemagglutinin (or perhaps some other viral genes) to preserve random mutations in the NS gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buonagurio, D A -- Nakada, S -- Parvin, J D -- Krystal, M -- Palese, P -- Fitch, W M -- AI-11823/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-18998/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 23;232(4753):980-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2939560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Capsid/*immunology ; Genes ; Influenza A virus/*genetics ; Time Factors ; Viral Core Proteins/*immunology ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 50
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    Correction of murine beta-thalassemia by gene transfer into the germ line (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-12
    Description: A murine beta-thalassemia was corrected by the transfer of cloned beta-globin genes into the mouse germ line. The cloned mouse beta maj-globin gene or the cloned human beta-globin gene was introduced into mice deficient in beta-globin synthesis because of a deletion of the beta maj-globin gene. Both introduced genes produced functional beta-globin chains, leading to a reduction in one case, and elimination in another case, of the anemia and associated abnormalities of the red blood cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Costantini, F -- Chada, K -- Magram, J -- HD17704/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 12;233(4769):1192-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3461564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Genes ; *Genetic Engineering ; Germ Cells/*physiology ; Globins/genetics ; Hemoglobins/genetics ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Thalassemia/genetics/*therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 51
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    Regulation of pro-opiomelanocortin gene transcription in individual cell nuclei (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-05
    Description: A nonrepetitive complementary RNA probe specific for an intervening sequence of the rat pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene primary transcript was used to analyze the hormonal regulation of POMC gene transcription in individual cell nuclei in the rat pituitary by in situ hybridization. This probe recognized only full-length POMC heterogeneous nuclear RNA, as verified by Northern blots of pituitary RNA. When pituitary sections were hybridized with this 3H-labeled POMC intron A probe, silver grains were predominantly localized over the nuclei of cells that expressed POMC in the anterior and intermediate lobes. Adrenalectomy increased both the average grain density over corticotroph nuclei and the number of cells in the anterior pituitary with significant numbers of silver grains over their nucleus. Dexamethasone administration to intact or adrenalectomized rats results in the rapid (within 30 minutes) disappearance of silver grains over the nuclei of corticotrophs in the anterior lobe, suggesting that POMC gene transcription had been inhibited. However, adrenalectomy or dexamethasone administration did not alter the silver grain density over nuclei of intermediate lobe melanotrophs. Thus, this in situ hybridization assay utilizing an intervening sequence-specific POMC probe can measure rapid physiological changes in POMC heterogeneous nuclear RNA in individual cell nuclei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fremeau, R T Jr -- Lundblad, J R -- Pritchett, D B -- Wilcox, J N -- Roberts, J L -- AM27484/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- NS07786/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 5;234(4781):1265-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Genes ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/metabolism ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/*biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 52
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    Researchers seek melanoma gene (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 9;232(4751):708-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Genes ; Male ; Melanoma/*genetics ; Nevus/genetics ; Skin Neoplasms/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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