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  • Articles  (12,821)
  • 1985-1989  (12,821)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1940-1944
  • 1985  (12,821)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (12,821)
Collection
  • Articles  (12,821)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1985-1989  (12,821)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1940-1944
Year
Journal
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheometry of Polymer Melts (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 45-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.000401
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerodynamics of Sports Balls (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 151-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.001055
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical Models of Dispersion in Rivers and Estuaries (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 119-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.001003
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluid Modeling of Pollutant Transport and Diffusion in Stably Stratified Flows over Complex Terrain (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 239-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.001323
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical Modeling for Planar, Steady, Subsonic Combustion Waves (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 267-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.001411
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grid Generation for Fluid Mechanics Computations (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 487-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.002415
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling Equatorial Ocean Circulation (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 359-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.002043
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent Diffusion from Sources in Complex Flows (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 447-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.002311
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coating Flows (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 65-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.000433
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buoyancy-Driven Flows in Crystal-Growth Melts (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 191-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.001203
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sound Transmission in the Ocean (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 217-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.001245
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Response of Turbulent Boundary Layers to Sudden Perturbations (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 321-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.001541
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluid Mechanics of Compound Multiphase Drops and Bubbles (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 289-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.001445
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Kutta Condition in Unsteady Flow (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 411-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.002211
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computing Three-Dimensional Incompressible Flows with Vortex Elements (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 523-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.002515
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multicomponent Convection (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 11-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.000303
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jakob Ackeret and the History of the Mach Number (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.000245
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sedimentation of Noncolloidal Particles at Low Reynolds Numbers (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 91-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.000515
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mantle Convection and Viscoelasticity (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17 (1985), S. 561-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.003021
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Problem of Polar Intermetallic Compounds: The Stimulation of E. Zintl's Work for the Modern Chemistry of Intermetallics (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 1-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.000245
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent Results on Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 79-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.000455
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of Analytical Field-Ion Microscopy to the Decomposition of Alloys (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 43-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.000355
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal-Wave Imaging in a Scanning Electron Microscope (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 103-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.000535
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular Growth During Directional Solidification (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 119-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.001003
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic Layer Epitaxy (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 177-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.001141
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interdiffusion in Thin Films (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 147-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.001051
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrodeposition of Semiconductors (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 197-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.001213
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferromagnetism and Superconductivity (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 211-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.001235
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sol-Gel Processing of Silicates (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 227-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.001303
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Silicon (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 271-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.001415
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  • 31
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    Electronic Resource
    Constitutive Equations for Rate-Dependent Plasticity* (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 249-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.001341
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial Mercury Cadmium Telluride (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 303-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.001511
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  • 33
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    Defects and Order in Perovskite-Related Oxides (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 329-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.001553
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
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    Solid State Deuterium NMR Studies of Polymer Chain Dynamics (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 359-377 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.002043
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  • 35
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    Materials for Magnetic Recording (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 379-409 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.002115
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  • 36
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    Theory of 3d Transition Atom Impurities in Semiconductors (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 411-453 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.002211
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  • 37
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    Mechanical Properties of Biological Polymers (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 455-482 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.002323
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  • 38
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    Production of Monodispersed Colloidal Particles (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 483-516 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.002411
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  • 39
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    Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 517-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.002505
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  • 40
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    Laser Direct Writing of Materials (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 15 (1985), S. 549-576 
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    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.15.080185.003001
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    FATIGUE LIFE BEHAVIOR OF MONOCRYSTALLINE COPPER IN 0.1 M PERCHLORIC ACID (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We have studied the fatigue lives of single crystals of copper in 0.1 M HClO4under different polarization potentials. Perchloric acid was chosen for the aqueous environment because it allows us to control the corrosion reactions rigorously. Persistent slip band (PSB) behaviour and crack nucleation were studied during life, and fracture surfaces after failure.Different behavior was observed depending on strain amplitude. At 2 × 10-3 plastic shear strain amplitude, anodic potential was observed to decrease life, whereas cathodic potenlial was found to be less damaging than laboratory air. Crack nucleation and propagation occurred along the primary slip plane for both conditions. The reduction of fatigue life under anodic potential is explained by enhanced localized strain at the PSB's and preferential dissolution within them.However, for a strain amplitude of 4 × 10-3, cracks nucleated and propagated along the secondary slip system. We observed crack nucleation to be associated with deformation-induced stress concentrations, and the aqueous solution showed no aggressive effect under either anodic or cathodic potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00426.x
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  • 42
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    THE LOW CYCLE IMPACT FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF PEARLITIC PLAIN CARBON STEELS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The results of Stan ton and Bairstow (1908) have been reanalyzed to yield information on the composition dependence of the low cycle impact fatigue properties of pearlitic plain carbon steels. It has been found that the energy absorbed per impact, Ei, and the number of impacts are failure, Nf, are related by the equation:In this equation q is determined by the carbon, manganese and silicon contents of the steel; Eo is the impact endurance limit; and C and D are constants. The curve represented by this equation intersects that representing the Johnson-Keller high cycle impact fatigue equation at a value of logeNf equal to 1/C. Thus, the transition from low to high cycle impact fatigue occurs at this value of logeNf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00428.x
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    NEW PATENTS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb01196.x
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  • 44
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    THE APPLICATION OF FRACTURE MECHANICS TO FRETTING FATIGUE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A fracture mechanics model of fretting fatigue has been developed. This enables the calculation of the critical size of defect which can grow under fretting conditions. The model has been applied to the fretting of aluminium alloy 2014A fatigue specimens in contact with 3.5NiCrMoV steel fretting contact pads. The input parameters to the model include externally applied stresses, contact pressure between pad and specimen and frictional forces between the two contacting surfaces. The latter have been measured using a strain gauge technique. Small fretting defects in the fatigue specimens have been investigated metallographically and fractographically. There is good agreement between their size and critical defect sizes calculated using the fretting model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb01200.x
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    A CHANGE IN THE TITLE OF THE JOURNAL (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00414.x
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  • 46
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    THE EFFECTS OF MEAN STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION ON FATIGUE UNDER COMBINED BENDING AND TWISTING (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Gough test data on fatigue under combined bending and twisting with superimposed mean bending and torsion stresses with and without stress raisers has been re-investigated in terms of the stresses acting on the plane of maximum range of shear stress. It has been shown that the allowable amplitude of shear stress on this plane can be predicted from an equation of the formτa= [t - c1 (Kt×σa)1.5−c2σ2m]/Ktwhere σa and σm are the normal stress amplitude and mean normal stress respectively on the plane of maximum range of shear stress, c1 and c2 are defined material constants and Kt is the theoretical stress concentration factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00415.x
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  • 47
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    FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH UNDER MIXED MODES I AND II (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fatigue crack growth behaviour under mixed modes I and II was studied by applying in-phase alternating tensile and torsional loading to a thin-walled hollow cylindrical specimen with an initial crack.In the linear region of a log-log plot where da/dN=A(ΔK)m, da/dN at first decreases with increasing ΔK110 component and then approaches a minimum close to the value of ΔK110/ΔK10∼ 0.58; here ΔK110/ΔK10 is the ratio of the initial ΔKII to the initial ΔK1., When ΔK110/ΔK10 increases further, da/dN increases. Under shear mode, da/dN becomes higher than that under mode I. The ΔK1, and ΔK11 components during fatigue crack growth under mixed mode loading increase and decrease, respectively, with an increase in da/dN In the low crack growth rate region the fatigue crack growth rates accelerate with an increase of the initial ΔK11 component, ΔK110. Fatigue life increases with increase of ΔK110/ΔK10 under the test condition of equivalent stress range being kept constant and the pre-crack length being the same.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00430.x
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  • 48
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    ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY OF SMALL CRACK GROWTH IN 7075 ALUMINIUM ALLOY (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fatigue propagation tests on artificial short cracks (initial length ˜ 0.15 mm) were performed in vacuum and in nitrogen containing small traces of water vapour (˜ 3 ppm) on a high strength aluminium alloy type 7075 in two aged conditions (T651 and T7351) at a load ratio of 0.1 and a frequency of 35 Hz. A predominant influence of environment was determined for short crack growth. This behaviour has been discussed in terms of crack growth rate versus the effective stress intensity factor range relationship previously determined for long cracks. The results obtained suggest the absence of closure at the early stage of short crack growth with an enhanced environmental influence as compared to long crack behaviour at the same load ratio. As the crack grows the effect of closure increases progressively and the short crack effect disappears after a crack growth of the order of 1 mm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00432.x
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  • 49
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    MODELLING FOR FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH PREDICTION IN AIRCRAFT (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fatigue crack growth models, having application to Mirage III0 aircraft, have been calibrated with test data. Of the four crack growth retardation models examined—Wheeler, Willenborg, modified Willenborg and Crack Closure—the Wheeler and modified Willenborg models are the most satisfactory but both require calibration by test. Even so, crack growth is not accurately predicted when the specimen geometry and the test sequence are varied from those used in calibrating the models.Apart from the crack growth models, the main sources of inaccuracy in predicting crack growth are the inadequacy of the growth rate basic data, incorrect assumptions of crack shape and uncertainty in stress history. Thus, crack growth life may not be confidently predicted to better than a factor of two on actual life and, in some cases, the factor may be as high as ten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00423.x
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  • 50
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    EFFECT OF LASER BEAM RADIATION ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOUR (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper studies the effect of laser beam radiation on the fatigue crack growth threshold and the crack growth rate in 25CrMnSi steel plate. A comparison of radiated and unradiated specimens permits the derivation of an equation for the fatigue crack growth rate. The results show that radiation can enhance the fatigue threshold and retard crack growth rate.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00422.x
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  • 51
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    SHEAR FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH: A LITERATURE SURVEY (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A fatigue crack is often initiated by a localized cyclic plastic deformation in a crystal where the active slip plane coincides with the plane of maximum shear stress. Once a crack is initiated, the crack will propagate on the maximum shear plane for a while and, in the majority of the cases, will eventually change to the plane of the applied tensile stress. The “shear” and “tensile” modes of fatigue crack propagation are termed stage I and stage II fatigue crack growth. They are also known as mode II and mode I fatigue crack growth. However, the mechanism of the tensile mode fatigue crack propagation is shear in nature.Considerable progress has been made recently in the understanding of mode II fatigue crack growth. This paper reviews the various test methods and related data analyses.The combined mode I and mode II elastic crack tip stress field is reviewed. The development and the design of the compact shear specimen are described and the results of fatigue crack growth tests using the compact shear specimens are reviewed. The fatigue crack growth tests and the results of inclined cracks in tensile panels, center cracks in plates under biaxial loading, cracked beam specimens with combined bending and shear loading, center cracked panels and the double edge cracked plates under cyclic shear loading are reviewed and analyzed in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00429.x
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  • 52
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    AN EXPERIMENTAL AND STATISTICAL INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION AND GROWTH (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Surface fatigue crack studies were carried out and statistically analysed from rotating bend fatigue tests in the high cycle region for three metals, copper, stainless steel and mild steel with four ferrite grain sizes. Quantitative observations of the initiation and growth behavior, including coalescence of closely spaced cracks, are discussed and a limiting condition for coalescence is proposed. Statistical properties of initiation, propagation and propagation rate of surface cracks are examined and the effect of different metals and grain sizes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00431.x
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  • 53
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    STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS FOR CRACKS IN NOTCHED FINITE PLATES SUBJECTED TO BIAXIAL LOADING (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Stress intensity factors were calculated, based on Bueckner's principle for cracks in both infinite and finite plates with notches subjected to biaxial loading. Approximate Green's functions have been obtained by modifying two existing Green's functions, originally for unnotched plates. Values of stress intensity factors calculated using Bueckner's principle with the approximate Green's functions are in good agreement with published stress intensity factors for cracks in both infinite and finite plates containing a circular notch or an elliptical notch, previously found by the method of boundary collocation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00433.x
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  • 54
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    ANALYSIS OF THE LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF TWO Ni-Cr-BASE ALLOYS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The low-cycle fatigue performance of the Ni-Cr-base alloys IN597 and IN738 has been examined with particular reference to the creep-fatigue interaction. Results are reported showing a systematic effect on life of IN597 of the level of tensile stress during tests involving cycles with dwell periods. For both alloys the simple life fraction rule correlates the data in a fairly satisfactory manner but some method of stress compensation is necessary for the strain range partitioning (SRP) method. Certain limitations of the SRP method in dealing with results from highly creep resistant alloys are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00418.x
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  • 55
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    THE VARIATION OF CRACK OPENING STRESS INTENSITY WITH TIME (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: It was found that crack opening stress intensities are not constant after holding for various times in the unloaded state for iron and a sequence of Fe-Si binary alloys. The crack opening level decreased with time first because of asperity creep and substructure relaxation, and then increased again with time due to reverse plastic zone relaxation allowing a new set of asperities to come into contact. It is demonstrated that the crack closure phenomenon is not only a result of residual plasticity, oxidation and asperities, but also is due to asperity creep and reverse plastic zone relaxation at the crack tip for low strength materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00421.x
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  • 56
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    EFFECTS OF AIR AND INERT ENVIRONMENTS ON THE NEAR THRESHOLD FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOR OF ALLOY 718 (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The near threshold fatigue crack growth behavior of alloy 718 was studied in air and helium environments at room temperature and at 538°C. Tests were performed at 100 Hz and at load ratios of 0.1 and 0.5. At room temperature and at 538°C, the ΔKth values in helium were lower than in air. The ΔKth values in air decreased with increasing load ratio. These results can be explained with a model that involves the accumulation of oxide in the crack which enhances crack closure. In the air tests, the oxide build-up on the fatigue fracture surfaces at ΔKth was of the order of magnitude as the crack tip opening displacement. In the helium tests, no significant build-up of oxide on the fracture surface at threshold was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00420.x
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  • 57
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    ANALYTICAL AND GRAPHICAL AIDS FOR THE FATIGUE DESIGN OF WELDMENTS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: There are four important attributes of weldments which, together with the magnitude of the fluctuating stresses applied, determine their resistance to metallic fatigue: the ratio of the applied or self-induced axial and bending stresses; the severity of the discontinuity or notch which is an inherent property of the geometry of the joint; the notch-root residual stresses which result from fabrication and subsequent use of the weldment; and the mechanical properties of the notch-root material in which fatigue crack initiation and growth takes place. A simple version of a more elaborate analytical model of the fatigue behavior of weldments [1] is presented here which provides analytical and graphical design aids for design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00424.x
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    ON THE IMPACT FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOUR OF METALLIC MATERIALS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The impact fatigue crack growth characteristics of a low carbon steel and an aluminium alloy were studied. An impact fatigue testing machine of the Hopkinson bar type was used in these experiments to conduct a series of crack growth tests under simple impact stresses.The following characteristics of impact fatigue crack growth behaviour were revealed: (1) crack growth rate is higher in impact fatigue than in non-impact fatigue; (2) crack opening ratio in impact fatigue takes a higher value than in non-impact fatigue; (3) crack tip plastic zone size is smaller in impact fatigue than in non-impact fatigue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00416.x
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    A MICRO-MECHANICS ANALYSIS FOR SHORT FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Crack initiation and early growth of fatigue cracks in a fully annealed 0.4% carbon steel was investigated using plastic replicas and torsion loading.In a structure consisting of a 70/30 mixture of pearlite and ferrite the cracks are seen to develop and grow initially along slip bands in the ferrite phase. Energetic considerations lead to the formulation of a model which, while characterizing short crack growth rate, also considers those microstructural variables relevant to fatigue crack initiation and early crack growth. The driving force for crack growth is provided by the energy of the slip band; correspondingly crack growth per cycle is proportional to the strength of the slip band.In the short fatigue crack region, cracks grow initially at a fast rate but deceleration occurs quickly and, depending on the stress level, they either arrest or are temporarily halted at a critical length. This critical length is shown to coincide with the value of the threshold length for crack growth under LEFM conditions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00419.x
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  • 60
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    LOW CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF ALLOY 800H AT 600°C—EFFECT OF GRAIN SIZE AND γ′ -PRECIPITATE DISPERSION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: High strain fatigue properties of Alloy 800H have been investigated at 600°C in strain control. The behaviour of solution heat treated material was compared with that of material aged at 550 and 600°C. It was found that both aging treatments extended the fatigue life significantly, the longest fatigue life being observed for fine-grained material aged at 550°C. The results are explicable in terms of partially reversible plastic flow occurring when the γ′ particles are by-passed by shearing.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00434.x
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  • 61
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    FATIGUE AT NOTCHES SUBJECTED TO REVERSED TORSION AND STATIC AXIAL LOADS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Reversed torsion with and without a superimposed end load has been applied to 1% Cr-Mo-V steel specimens containing sharp notches. Crack propagation was monitored by a sensitive d.c. potential drop system that measured crack depths between 25 μm and 0.6 mm from the root of the notch.Stress intensity factors do not satisfactorily correlate all the crack growth data but a strain intensity factor which is a function of material properties and notch plastic zone size shows a significant improvement and provides a single upper bound solution for both ambient and elevated temperatures. This solution permits designers to make safe lifetime assessments.At room temperature cracks initially propagate by mode II along the surface, and mode III radially but at low stresses crack growth is continued by mode I propagation. At higher stresses a transition to mode I cracking is avoided. Elevated temperature causes a brittle layer to form and in this case cracks initially propagate by mode I which then translates to mode III cracking at high stresses.Mode III thresholds are significantly higher than mode I thresholds but a constrained shear strain zone, as found at the root of notches subjected to torsion, permits the initiation and generation of a mode III crack. The application of an axial load enhances the mode III crack propagation rate since this increases the effective crack tip intensification factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00425.x
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    ANNOUNCEMENT (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb01194.x
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    INFORMATION ON CONFERENCES/SEMINARS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb01195.x
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  • 64
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    FRETTING FATIGUE IN 0.55C SPRING STEEL AND 0.45C CARBON STEEL (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Fretting fatigue strengths of high strength spring steel (JIS SUP9) and low strength medium carbon steel (JIS S45C) were examined by clamping the contact pads of the same individual materials. The pad contact pressures were kept constant at 60 MPa for SUP9 steel and at 45 MPa for S45C steel. The fretting reduced the fatigue strengths by a factor of about two in both the steels. Cyclic J-integral concepts were successfully employed to predict crack propagation lives using measured data on frictional forces between the fretting pads and the specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb01199.x
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    THE INFLUENCE OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON THE GROWTH OF SMALL FATIGUE CRACKS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Recent experimental work on the growth of small fatigue cracks is surveyed and critically analyzed. It is shown that microcracks grow at anomalous rapid rates relative to large ones only when certain criteria, involving crack size, plastic zone size, and micro-structural element size, are met. Retardation and arrest of microcracks is found to correlate with microstructural element size, hence with crystallographic influence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb01201.x
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    AN ASSESSMENT OF CRACK CLOSURE AND THE EXTENT OF THE SHORT CRACK REGIME IN Q1N (HY80) STEEL (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The paper addresses some aspects of the differences in fatigue crack growth rate behaviour and threshold values obtained for long through-cracks, short through-cracks and surface cracks. Attention is focused on plasticity induced closure in the wake behind the growing crack tip. For long cracks at high Kmax, closure is found to depend in a linear manner on Kmax, i.e. Kop, increases with the size of the monotonic plastic zone. Closure increases at low δK and this is primarily a consequence of the load shedding procedure. If short through-cracks are prepared by machining specimens containing long cracks, a substantial part of the plastic wake is removed and this can produce marked effects on the closure contribution during subsequent growth. The length of crack “closed” in a long crack threshold test was found to be of the order of 1 mm. Cracks less than this length exhibited “short crack” behaviour: greater than this length, they behaved as “long cracks”, with plastic wake effects apparently fully operative. Small surface cracks exhibit “long crack” behaviour at lengths as short as 0.2 mm and reasons for this are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb01202.x
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    FATIGUE GROWTH OF SURFACE CRACKS IN THE ELASTIC-PLASTIC REGION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Surface crack growth has been studied in centre notched and smooth panels of low carbon steel under symmetric axial elastic-plastic cyclic straining. The crack shape, followed by heat tinting, has been found to be approximately semi-circular for crack radii 0.3–5 mm. Both smooth and notched specimens have been fatigued until fracture. The smallest notches of 0.1 mm in radius and depth approximately represent defects of a critical size under present loading conditions. Crack propagation rates have been measured and plotted vs ΔJ. Both present part through-crack data and previous long through-crack data in the elastic and the elastic-plastic regions are compatible. A single dependence of dl/dN vs ΔJ is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00417.x
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    FATIGUE OF POLYCRYSTALLINE COPPER AT CONSTANT AND VARIABLE PLASTIC STRAIN AMPLITUDES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fatigue behavior of polycrystalline copper of two different grain sizes was studied using constant and randomly varying plastic strain amplitude tests. The different regimes in the ess-curves of large-grained samples (d˜ 2.0 mm) were found to be reflected also in the measured fatigue lives in both test modes. The variable amplitude fatigue lives of the small-grained samples (d˜ 0.03 mm) seemed to follow the Coffin–Manson linear law. The damage accumulation rate in variable amplitude tests was found to be lower than in the corresponding constant amplitude tests, e.g. when expressed as cumulative plastic strains to failure. The fatigue life predictions based on the Palmgren–Miner rule, rain-flow analysis and the constant amplitude life data measured in this work were also conservative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00427.x
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  • 69
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    FATIGUE DAMAGE IN 1045 STEEL UNDER VARIABLE AMPLITUDE BIAXIAL LOADING (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— During constant amplitude loading, two different types of crack systems have been reported In the high cycle fatigue (HCF) region, cracks nucleate on a small number of maxium shear strain amplitude planes One of these cracks becomes a dominant crack and leads to failure of the specimen In the low cycle fatigue (LCF) region, equally developed microcracks are observed over the entire gage section and grow during the majority of the life. The failure is due to a linking in which the microcracks join up during the last few cycles of the fatigue life.To investigate the interaction of these two types of crack systems in biaxial fatigue, experiments were performed on thin-wall tubular specimens in tension, torsion and combined tension-torsion loading The test program included step loading and block loading in which two equivalent strain amplitudes were employed. One of the equivalent strain amplitudes is in the HCF region and the other was in the LCF regionFatigue lives were predicted from constant amplitude damage curves when a single crack system dominated the fatigue process Two competitive crack systems were sometimes developed on the maximum shear strain amplitude planes in a single specimen under block loading This resulted in a conservative prediction of the fatigue life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb01197.x
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  • 70
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    CONSIDERATIONS OF ALLOWABLE STRESS OF CORROSION FATIGUE (FOCUSED ON THE INFLUENCE OF PITTING) (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Long life corrosion fatigue behaviour is discussed. The importance of (i) quantification of corrosion pit depth (or surface roughness caused by corrosion) as a function of service period and (ii) corrosion pit modelling is emphasized. Extreme value statistics is useful for corrosion pit depth quantification. It is demonstrated that a corrosion pit can be treated as an elliptical crack with the same depth and surface length as a pit. From these considerations, a method for determination of a reasonable allowable stress in corrosion fatigue is proposed. Finally, an example of an allowable stress is given, i.e. the allowable stresses of a real machine component under rotating bending stress are determined from estimation curves of pit depth together with corrosion fatigue crack growth data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb01198.x
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  • 71
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    FATIGUE MICROCRACKS IN A LOW CARBON STEEL (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The behaviour of a low carbon steel has been studied, in particular the initiation, growth and coalescence of fatigue microcracks on the surfaces of smooth specimens via surface replicas and photomicrographs. From the study, quantitative information on the initiation period, growth and coalescence of cracks, statistical distributions of crack length and crack depth, density of cracks, distribution pattern and characteristics of the major crack, were obtained. Knowledge of these parameters is critical for non-destructive inspection during service life and the application of fracture mechanics to life assessment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb01203.x
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    Treatment of engineering design constraints in a relational data base (1985)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 1 (1985), S. 27-37 
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    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200336
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  • 73
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    Sonic-velocity measurements as a suitable tool for the observation of structural changes in polymeric materials (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 15-20 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The sonic velocity of preoriented PET fibres as a function of temperature was measured in dependence on the degree of orientation, stress applied to the fibres, and heating rate. The results reflect the structural and orientation changes which take place in the range of and above the glass transition temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264235
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    Unusual stress-strain properties of natural rubber vulcanizates with high primary molecular weight (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 29-33 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Natural rubber vulcanizates with high primary molecular weight were prepared by mixing raw rubber and dicumyl peroxide in benzene followed by freeze-drying. The stress-strain properties of these vulcanizates were quite different from those prepared by conventional mastication method. The important characteristics of these vulcanizates is high tensile modulus, high tensile strength, large hysteresis loss, and higher degree of strain-induced crystallization. The difference in the stress-strain behavior between these rubbers and conventional vulcanizates are discussed from the standpoint of the network structure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264237
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    Stable carbocationic species observed during the oligomerization of p-isopropyl-α-methyistyrene initiated by CH3SO3H in CH2CI2 solution (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 89-89 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264246
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    Importance of junction functionality in highly crosslinked polymers (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 91-96 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A modification of a theoretical model for the determination of the number average molecular weight between crosslinks, ¯Mc, is presented for the case of multifunctional junction functionalities in highly crosslinked, macromolecular systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254215
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    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator transfer agents (inifers) (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 97-102 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Three-arm star polyisobutylenes carrying tert.-chlorine end groups and a phenyl ring at the center of the star (see formula II in the Introduction) have been prepared by a continuous polymerization process. Thus into a stirred glass reactor were fed continuously a mixed feed of monomer plus trinifer (TCC) and a separate feed of BCl3 coinitiator in methyl chloride solvent at −40°C, and the product plus unreacted ingredients were removed continuously. Stationary conditions were maintained by keeping the rates of input and output (i.e., volumes) equal and constant. After a short induction phase (∼2–3 residence times) telechelic polymers of essentially theoretical number average end functionalities (¯Fn=3.0+0.1), close to theoretical molecular weights (¯Mn) and molecular weight distributions were obtained. The polymerization kinetics are discussed and compared to that of an earlier semicontinuous process used for the routine synthesis of telechelic polyisobutylenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254216
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  • 78
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    Monotropic liquid crystalline poly(β-thioester)s containing bis (p-oxybenzoate) mesogenic units (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 131-137 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new series of thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(β-thioester)s was prepared by a Michael-type polyaddition of α,ω-polymethylenedithiols of different length to a mesogenic diacrylate containing two bis(p-oxybenzoate) units symmetrically connected through a dodecamethylene segment. The thermotropic behaviour was studied by combined DSC and thermal-optical analyses. All the poly(β-thioester)s investigated exhibited quite unusual monotropic mesomorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254221
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    Preparation of low-density polyethylene composites by UV irradiation (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 163-169 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Composites of low-density polyethylene were prepared by the sorption of vinylic monomers and a photoinitiator into a polymer matrix, followed by UV irradiation. Gravimetric determinations showed that 2–4% incorporation of the polymer in the host matrix is possible by this method. Transmission and reflectance infrared spectra measurements showed that the vinylic polymer is lodged in the bulk of the polymer film with no surfacial deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254226
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    Announcement (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 193-193 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254230
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  • 81
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    Chromatographic determination of polymer solubility parameters (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 463-467 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Weight fraction activity coefficients (Ω1)∞ and interaction parameters x have been determined for seven different solvents in Polyarylate at three temperatures by the gas chromatographic method (inverse gas chromatography). Data have been used to calculate infinite dilution solubility parameters according to the method proposed by DiPaola-Baranyi and Guillet. The validity of the plots involved in the above mentioned method is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01033346
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    Compositional sequence distribution and second-order Markov statistics in vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride copolymers by Carbon-13 NMR (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 473-479 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary 90 MHz-1H-NMR and 22.635 MHz-13C-NMR spectroscopy were used in a study of vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride co-polymers. Triad sequence distribution of CCl2 and CHCl carbon was generated for these copolymers and compared to calculated distributions based on Bernoullian, first-order Markov and second-order Markov statistics. It was observed that for samples different in the conditions of preparation including commercial materials in each case different Markov models give the best fit in formally mathematical treatment without kinetic significance but with the aim of interpretation of physical and/or chemical properties of the copolymers. The 52–56 ppm region of the VC-VDC copolymer spectra is complicated by the superposition of the effects of tacticity, sequence distribution and the presence of both CH and CH2 carbons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01033348
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    Reactive polymers (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 265-270 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Two methods of the synthesis of tributyl ammonium derivatives of glycidyl methacrylate — ethylene dimethacrylate copolymers with various contents of the crosslinking agent were examined. While the two-step process which consists in a reaction with dibutyl amine followed by alkylation with butyl bromide gives products with up to 1.5 mmol/g of required groups, in the case of the single-step reaction of the epoxide group with tributyl amine the content does not exceed 0.4 mmol/g. The use of diamines for increasing the distance between the quaternary group and the polymer backbone does not yield a readily definable product, and cannor therefore become the method of choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254948
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    The synthesis and characterization of cationic photoinitiators bearing two and three photoactive triarylsulfonium groups in the same molecule (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 279-286 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A novel series of photoinitiators for cationic polymerization have been prepared which bear two and three photoactive triarylsulfonium groups in the same molecule. These compounds have been fully characterized by means of their UV and C-NMR spectra and liquid chromatography as well as by their elemental analyses. The multifunctional triarylsulfonium salts have been compared among themselves and against monofunctional triarylsulfonium salts in the photoinitiated cationic polymerization of dl-limonene dioxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254950
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    Miscibility and melting in poly(butylene terephthalate)/ poly(bisphenol A-carbonate) blends (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 399-406 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The miscibility of blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(bisphenol A-carbonate) was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. Contrary to previously reported data, PBT and PC were found to be almost completely immiscible over the entire compostion range studied. The minor change in Tg's observed for samples quenched form the melt can be attributed to transesterification at elevated temperatures. The melting behavior and normalized enthalpy of fusion are somewhat dependent on composition but the behavior is erratic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263454
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    Living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers with a functional group (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 417-423 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Two unsaturated ester-containing vinyl ethers, 2-vinyloxyethyl acrylate $$(\mathop 1\limits_ )$$ and sorbate $$(\mathop 2\limits_ )$$ , were polymerized by the hydrogen iodide/iodine (HI/I2) initiating system in toluene at −15 or −40°C, to give “living” polymers, having a very narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/¯Mn=1.10–1.15) and crosslinkable via their pendant C=C double bonds. The number-average molecular weight of the polymers increased in direct proportion to conversion, and further increased on addition of a new monomer feed to a polymerized reaction mixture. According to 1H and 13C NMR structural analysis, the polymerization proceeds exclusively via the vinyloxyl group of the potentially bifunctional monomers without undesirable side reactions of the unsaturated ester pendants.
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    Copolymerization of methyl- and buthylmethacrylate with electron-donor N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbazolyl methacrylate and electron-acceptor (β-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl methacrylate (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 439-445 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The radical copolymerization of methyl- and butyl methacrylates with an electrondonor monomer: N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-carbazolyl methacrylate and an electron-acceptor monomer: (β-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-methacrylate respectively, in dioxane at 60°C was investigated. The reactivity ratios of the binary systems were computed by using the Kelen-Tüdös method. The azeothropic compositions were established according to the respective copolymerization diagrams.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263460
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    Small-angle X-ray scattering study of halato-telechelic polybutadienes (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 461-468 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The small-angle X-ray scattering curves of carboxy-telechelic polymers exhibit very strong scattering at the lowest angles which points to the presence of large aggregates in the samples. Beyond the position of the main scattering maximum, common to all ionomers, a faint modulation is observed at a position corresponding to a second diffraction order. These observations are discussed with respect to other data in the litterature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263463
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    Announcement (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 477-477 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263466
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    Polylactones (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 491-495 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Bulk polymerizations of L,L-lactide were conducted at 120 and 180°C, but mainly at 150°C. Magnesium oxide, ethoxide, acetate, stearate, and 2,4-pentane dionate were used as catalysts. Time conversion curves show that at least a temperature of 150°C and a reaction time of 72 h is required for maximum conversion. The highest yields (up to 96 %) were obtained with magnesium oxide. However, all initiators, in particular magnesium oxide, caused racemization which increased with reaction time and temperature. Polymerizations in solutions at temperatures around 100°C failed regardless of the solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271605
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  • 91
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    Electronic Resource
    Polylactones (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary L,L-lactide was polymerized in bulk at 120°C, 150 or 180°C by means of various metal oxides, carbonates or carboxylates. Yield, viscosities and optical rotation were measured and compared. Several catalysts enable a nearly complete conversion even at 120°C indicating rapid diffusion of the monomer in the solid reaction mixture. At 180°C only SnO and Sb2O3 proved to be useful catalyst, because they gave within 12 h yields 〉 80% along with an optical purity around 97%. Longer reaction times lead at 180°C to substantial racemization in all cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271606
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Diacetoxyiodobenzene and bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene as photoinitiators for cationic polymerisations (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 523-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary It is shown that i-butyl vinyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, epichlorhydrin and cyclohexene oxide, which undergo typically cationic polymerisation, are polymerised by UV-irradiation in the presence of diacetoxyiodobenzene or bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271610
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on the role of acyl initiators and CO2 in nylon 4 polymerization (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 527-534 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The preparation of high molecular weight nylon 4 with alkali metal pyrrolidonate catalysts, acyl initiators, and CO2 was studied. Isolated sodium pyrrolidonate and the appropriate amount of acyl initiator gave unusually high molecular weight nylon 4 (mw 〉200,000). The molecular weight-initiator concentration relationship indicates that acyl compounds play a dual role in the polymerization, acting both as initiators and scavengers for chain-terminating impurities. One potential chain terminator was identified as 4-aminobutyric acid. The high polymer molecular weights obtained in the presence of CO2 can also be explained by the scavenging of chain terminators by CO2. Determination of the number of growing chains, however, shows that CO2, unlike the acyl compounds, is not an initiator in nylon 4 polymerization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271611
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Volume 263, number 11, November 1985 (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. A3 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271616
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Improved properties of molecular composite of nitrile rubber and poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) by blending with poly (vinyl chloride) (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 35-42 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Nitrile rubber (NBR) was reinforced by poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) with a coprecipitation method from a common solvent of them. PPTA was converted to N-sodium PPTA with sodium hydride in DMSO, forming homogeneous solution. DMF dissolves NBR. Both solutions were blended to form an isotropic solution. The precipitant was NBR reinforced by PPTA which was regenerated from N-sodium PPTA at coagulation as reported previously. The molecular composite thus obtained was mill-blended with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in order to enhance solvent resistant property. The vulcanized composite of NBR/PVC reinforced by PPTA showed higher modulus, higher strength and more improved solvent resistance than the gum stock and the black stock of NBR/PVC. The properties of the molecular composite containing 5phr PPTA found approximately comparable to those of the black stock of NBR/PVC with 30–40phr ISAF carbon black.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264238
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization via zwitterion 3. Phthalic anhydride and 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Copolymers of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline and phtalic anhydride without initiator in DMF at 60 °C were synthesized. The copolymers were statistical, rich in 2-ethyl-2-oxazo1ine. A partial hydrolisis of pendant groups -COCH2CH3 is observed. The composition and the hydrolisis degree of the copolymers was determined by 1H-NMR. A copolymerization scheme via zwitterion is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264242
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Twenty-Third Canadian High Polymer Forum (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 90-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264247
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Static measurements of refractive index increments at 633 nm with a modified refractive index detector (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A R 401 Waters Assoc. differential refractometer has been modified to obtain the variation of refractive index increments, dn/dc, of polymer solutions at 633 nm. The introduced modifications were in the sample injection system and in the light source. The performance of the modified refractometer both with aqueous and organic solutions is analyzed. In order to localize a conformational transition in lysozyme, the dependence of dn/dc on temperature for lysozyme solutions in phosphate buffer is studied. Similarly, (dn/dc)k values for the ternary n-alkane/butanone/poly(dimethyl siloxane) systems over the whole composition range of the binary solvent mixtures are evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264245
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Towards the synthesis of electroactive block copolymers via anionic-to-Ziegler-Natta transformation reactions (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 109-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Diblock copolymers of acetylene and styrene were prepared by treating Ti(OBu)4 with polystyryl lithium followed by reaction with acetylene. Reliable evidence for the formation of block copolymers was derived from dual radiotagging experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254218
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic polyisobutylene/poly(ethylene glycol) di- and triblock copolymers (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Poly (isobutylene-b-ethylene glycol) PIB-b-PEG diblock copolymers have been synthesized by reacting tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate-capped polyisobutylene with monohydroxyl-ended poly(ethylene glycol). The block copolymers form stable benzenewater emulsions and show surface activity decrease in interfacial surface tension, and existence of critical micelle concentration. Turbidimetry of the block copolymers indicates the expected wide range of solubility from nonpolar to polar solvents. The temperature dependence of the intrinsic viscosity of the block copolymers exhibits characteristic discontinuities. The intrinsic viscosity of the block copolymer as a function of solvent polarity was studied and the observations were explained as the sum of segment contributions based on the “segregated” conformation model. DSC also indicates microphase separation in the solid state due to segment incompatibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254220
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