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  • Other Sources  (72)
  • Springer  (42)
  • Elsevier  (28)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1985-1989  (72)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969
  • 1986  (40)
  • 1985  (32)
  • 1
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    Properties of the maximum likelihood and Pisarenko spectral estimates (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Signal Processing, Tokyo, Elsevier, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 401-413, pp. L16603
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Spectrum ; Maximum likelihood
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Fundamentals of Well-log Interpretation - 2. The Interpretation of Logging Data (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (ISBN: 0-12-636380-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Textbook of geophysics ; Tectonics ; Geol. aspects ; GFZ ; RUB ; GMG ; 3.45.8 ; UniL ; IfGuG ; in ; Französisch
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Regularities in the pattern of major fault zones of the earth and the origin of arcs (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., The Origin of Arcs, Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 63-78, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Geol. aspects ; Fault zone ; Plate tectonics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Monte Carlo Methods in Statistical Physics (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 17, pp. 225, (ISBN 1-4020-1408-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Statistical investigations ; Textbook of physics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Seismic Migration: Imaging of Acoustic Energy by Wave Field Extrapolation (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 12, pp. 225, (ISBN 3-7643-7011-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; seismic Migration ; Acoustics ; Wave propagation ; Waves
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Observation of the Continental Crust Through Drilling I. (1985)
    Springer
    In:  New York, Springer, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 3-540-44363-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Stress ; Borehole geophys. ; Seismicity ; Tectonics ; FROTH, ; RUB ; GMG
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    Continuum Theories in Solid Earth Physics (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 566+XIII pp., Elsevier, vol. 65, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-044051-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Textbook of geophysics ; Dislocation
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 8
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    Variational Methods in Geoscience (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 20, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 23-40, (ISBN 3935922167)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Elasticity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 9
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    Rationale for a deep drill hole into the seismically active area of the Hohenzollerngraben, Southwest Germany (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Observation of the Continental Crust Through Drilling I., Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 231, pp. 324-342, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Stress ; Borehole geophys. ; Seismicity ; Tectonics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 10
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    The fractal nature of fracture (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Fractals in Physics, Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 177-180, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Fracture ; FractureT
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 11
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    Evidence of a deep-reaching lithospheric root under the Alpine arc (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, The Origin of Arcs, Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 13, no. Subvol. a, pp. 93-113, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: CRUST ; earth mantle ; Plate tectonics ; Muller
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 12
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    GKS in der Praxis (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 96, pp. 225, (ISBN 0-471-95596-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: COS ; gra ; Textbook of informatics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 13
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    Geophysics of the Solid Earth, the Moon and the Planets (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Heidelberg, Springer, vol. V/2, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN: 0-08-037951-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Waves ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Geomagnetics ; Planetology ; solar ; system ; Bosum ; Busse ; Chapman ; Gierloff-Emden ; Haak ; Hagedorn ; Jacoby ; Lubinova ; Rucher ; Roeser ; Schmucker ; Soffel ; Stacey ; Voppel
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 14
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    The Superdeep Well of the Kola Peninsula (1986)
    Springer
    In:  New York, Springer, vol. 6, no. XVI:, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 0521824893, 280 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; KTB ; Textbook of geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 15
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    Dislocations and their geophysical application (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Continuum Theories in Solid Earth Physics, Amsterdam, 566+XIII pp., Elsevier, vol. 186, no. 16, pp. 18-186, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Dislocation ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 16
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    Stimulated current emission in the Earth: Piezostimulated currents and related geophysical aspects (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Thermodynamics of Point Defects and the Relation with Bulk Properties, New York, Elsevier, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 410-412, 417-420, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Geomagnetics ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: magnetic ; Geoelectrics ; Physical properties of rocks
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 17
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    Observations on food remains in faeces of elephant, leopard and crabeater seals (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 6 (1). pp. 43-45.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: Faecal material of leopard, crabeater and elephant seals was collected from the vicinity of Davis station, Antarctica. Very few identifiable remains were found in elephant seal droppings. Fish remains, mainly of Pleuragramma antarcticum, were found in both leopard and crabeater seal droppings. The mysid Antarctomysis maxima was also found in crabeater seal droppings and amphipods and decapod crustaceans in leopard seal droppings.
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  • 18
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    Food of the emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri on the Antarctic fast ice edge in late winter and early spring (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 6 (3). pp. 187-188.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: The food of emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri at the edge of the sea ice off the Vestfold Hills was studied by faecal analysis. Fish, crustacean, cephalopod and gastropod remains were found in 151 droppings collected between August and October 1984. The main fish identified from otoliths was Pleurogramma antarcticum with an average standard length of 129.5 mm. Amphipods increased in frequency from August to October with gammarids predominating.
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  • 19
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    Estimates of the mean circulation in the deep (〉2,000m) layer of the Eastern North Atlantic (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 14 . pp. 103-127.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-10
    Description: A total of 131 current meter records of between 6 and 24 month duration are analysed to describe the deep flow field of the eastern North Atlantic from 19° to 54°N and from the Continental Slope to the Mid Atlantic Ridge. Mean flows are weak and may be statistically indeterminate in some records and locations, but appear to indicate cyclonic circulations around the Iberia and Porcupine abyssal plains with a generally southward flow along the Mid Atlantic ridge and a deep northward slope current (where measurements exist) along the eastern boundary. The deepest inflow to the north-eastern basin that has been identified to date takes place through the Discovery Gap of 〉4,700 m sill-depth at 37° 25′N 15° 45′W in the Azores-Portugal ridge. South of that ridge, observations are sparse and no systematic circulation is yet evident. These observations are discussed in relation to recent geostrophic estimates of the deep circulation.
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  • 20
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    Magdalena Fan, Caribbean (1985)
    Springer
    In:  In: Submarine Fans and Related Turbidite Systems. Springer, New York, pp. 71-78. ISBN 978-1-4612-9570-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Description: The Magdalena Fan can be divided into: upper fan—1:60–1:110 gradients, channels with well-developed levees, generally several subbottom reflectors on 3.5-kHz records, and fine-grained sediments; middle fan—1:110–1:200 gradients, channels with very subdued levees, several to few sub- bottom reflectors on 3.5-kHz records, and chaotic and discontinuous reflections on multichannel seismic (MCS) records; lower fan—1:250 gradients, small channels and relatively smooth seafloor, generally coarsegrained sediments, few or no subbottom reflectors on 3.5-kHz records, and flat continuous reflections on MCS records. In addition to the turbidity currents, slumping along the continental slope and elsewhere also influenced sedimentation in the fan.
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  • 21
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    Aminostratigraphy of European marine interglacial deposits (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Science Reviews, 4 (4). pp. 215-278.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-04
    Description: Molluscan fossils collected from shallow water marine sediment across NW Europe and nearby Arctic regions have been analysed for the extent of isoleucine epimerization (DL ratio) in indigenous protein residues. The DL ratios confirm that essentially all ‘classical’ Eemian sites from NW Europe are of the same age, and are correlative with the type locality near Amersfoort in the Netherlands; shells from interglacial marine sediment beneath the type Weichselian till in Poland also correlate with the type Eemian site. DL ratios in Holsteinian marine shells (0.29) are substantially higher than in their Eemian counterparts (0.17); ‘Late Cromerian’ shells yield even higher ratios (0.46). DL ratios in late glacial shells (0.06) and Middle Weichselian shells (0.09) permit differentiation from modern (0.01) and last interglacial material. Based on the position of the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary and the differences in DL ratios, the Eemian must correlate with isotope substage 5e, whereas the Holsteinian is most likely substage 7c, possibly stage 9 but certainly younger than stage 11. Intra-Saalian warm periods may be terrestrial equivalents of the younger substages of stage 7. Extensive pre-Eemian marine sediments along the SW coast of Denmark previously correlated with the Holsteinian are shown to be of ‘Late Cromerian’ age. The underlying till there is the first widespread evidence of a pre-Elsterian till in NW Europe. DL ratios in molluscs from last interglacial sites along the Arctic coast of the USSR, the Arctic Islands and eastern Greenland are substantially lower than in their European counterparts due to their low thermal histories. The combined mid- and high-latitude data are used to develop a predictive model for the expected DL ratio in any of several moderate epimerization-rate taxa for last interglacial sites with mean temperatures between −20 and +15°C. Not all sites could be unambiguously assigned to an established interglacial. The Fjøsanger (Norway) and Margareteberg (Sweden) sites previously thought to be Eemian, yield DL ratios higher than in secure nearby Eemian material. It is yet unresolved whether these are aberrant sites or if they predate the last interglacial. In situ shoreline deposits encountered in borings in SW Belgium and in exposures on the Belgium coastal plain contain molluscs that yield DL ratios intermediate between secure Eemian and Late Weichselian ratios, raising the possibility that a late stage 5 high-sea-level event attained near-modern levels in the southern North Sea basin. Resolution of these uncertainties is the focus of future work.
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  • 22
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    Fossil Fuel Biomarkers: Applications and Spectra (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Elsevier, Amsterdam, 294 pp. ISBN 0-444-42471-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 23
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    Volcanological and tectonic control of stratigraphy and structure in the western Deccan Traps (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Bulletin of Volcanology, 48 (4). pp. 195-207.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-29
    Description: Many of the world's flood basalt provinces form elevated plateaux at the margins of continents, although in most cases their present large elevation is not the result of mountain building processes. Several explanations have recently been put forward to explain such occurrences of epeirogeny. The Deccan Trap basalt province forms one such elevated plateau, and results are presented here showing how the epeirogenic uplift in this region, combined with crustal subsidence probably associated with the rifting of the Indian continental margin, has affected the structure of the basalt sequence. Trace element analytical data are used for samples from numerous vertical sections through the Deccan Traps lava series along and around the Western Ghats ridge in India. The results reinforce the previously defined stratigraphy of the Mahabaleshwar area, and extend it over a region covering some 36 000 km2, reaching as far south as Belgaum and the Trap/basement contact. These results show that the lava pile is not flat lying, but forms a very low amplitude anticlinal fold structure plunging southwards by up to 0.3 ° over most of the area, although in the south there is evidence of a reversal of this plunge. The fold is interpreted as being the result of two tilting processes: (1) westward tilting near the coast, due to the foundering of the passive continental margin, and (2) epeirogenic uplift along the whole west coast of India producing the observed topography and the peninsula-wide drainage patterns, and also the easterly component of dip. Variations in the magnitude of the latter effect along the western continental margin may also be important in generating the plunge of the fold, although the possibility of some component of depositional dip may also be important. This latter possibility can be modelled using a simple computer program. The results of this modelling show that a migrating linear volcanic edifice fits the observations best.
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  • 24
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    Surface-film microbial populations: diel amino acid metabolism, carbon utilization, and growth rates (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 92 (2). pp. 289-297.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Microheterotrophic dissolved free amino acid (DFAA) utilization, and microbial community and bacterial community carbon production and growth were studied using 3H-labeled organics as tracers in marine surface-film and subsurface (10 cm) waters off Baja California in November 1983. DFAA utilization was generally more rapid during the day (0.14 to 0.38 nM h-1) than at night (0.04 to 0.14 nM h-1) in surface-film and subsurface waters, but the percent of utilized amino acid which was respired was always greater during the night (22 to 57%) compared to the day (14 to 18%). Utilization of DFAA-carbon was estimated to range from 0.3 to 5.3 μg C l-1 d-1 for all stations studied. In six of the 8 samples examined, the percentage of microbial carbon accounted for by the bacterial component of the population (1.4 to 5.9%) was strikingly similar to the percentage of microbial carbon production accounted for by bacterial carbon production (1.9 to 5.1%). In all of these six samples, total microbial specific-growth rates and bacterial specific-growth rates were approximately equivalent (0.9 to 2.2 d-1 for the microbial community; 0.7 to 1.9 d-1 for bacteria). The two exceptions were samples apparently influenced by transient flagellate populations migrating into the surface or subsurface waters at night. These observations support the conclusion that surface films contain unique and highly active microbial populations.
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  • 25
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    Emplacement of small-volume pyroclastic flows at Laacher See (East-Eifel, Germany) (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Bulletin of Volcanology, 48 . pp. 39-59.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-29
    Description: We distinguish three eruptive units of pyroclastic flows (T1, T2, and T3; T for trass) within the late Quaternary Laacher See tephra sequence. These units differ in the chemical/mineralogical composition of the essential pyroclasts ranging from highly differentiated phonolite in T1 to mafic phonolite in T3. T1 and T2 flows were generated during Plinian phases, and T3 flows during a late Vulcanian phase. The volume of the pyroclastic flow deposits is about 0.6 km3. The lateral extent of the flows from the source vent decreases from 〉 10 km (T1) to 〈 4.5 km (T3). In the narrow valleys north of Laacher See, the total thickness of the deposits exceeds 60 m. At least 19 flow units in T1, 6 in T2, and 4 in T3 can be recognized at individual localities. Depositional cycles of 2 to 5 flow units are distinguished in the eruptive units. Thickness and internal structure of the flow units are strongly controlled by topography. Subfacies within flow units such as strongly enriched pumice and lithic concentration zones, dust layers, lapilli pipes, ground layers, and lithic breccias are all compositionally related to each other by enrichment or depletion of clasts depending on their size and density in a fluidized flow. While critical diameters of coarse-tail grading were found to mark the boundary between the coarse nonfluidized and the finer fluidized grain-size subpopulations, we document the second boundary between the fluidized and the very fine entrained subpopulations by histograms and Rosin-Rammler graphs. Grain-size distribution and composition of the fluidized middle-size subpopulations remained largely unchanged during transport. Rheological properties of the pyroclastic flows are deduced from the variations in flow-unit structure within the valleys. T1 flows are thought to have decelerated from 25 m/s at 4 km to 〈 15 m/s at 7 km from the vent; flow density was probably 600–900 kg/m3, and viscosity 5–50 P. The estimated yield strength of the flows of 200– 〉 1000 N/m2 is consistent with the divergence of lithic size/distance curves from purely Newtonian models; the transport of lithics must be treated as in a Bingham fluid. The flow temperature probably decreased from T1 (300°–500°C) to T3 (〈200°C). A large-scale longitudinal variation in the flow units from proximal through medial to distal facies dominantly reflects temporal changes during the progressive collapse of an eruption column. Only a small amount of fallout tephra was generated in the T1 phase of eruption. The pyroclastic flows probably formed from relatively low ash fountains rather than from high Plinian eruption columns.
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  • 26
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    Chemical composition of the lipopoysaccharides of Rhodobacter sulfidophilus, Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, and Rhodopseudomonas blastica (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Archives of Microbiology, 143 (1). pp. 32-36.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-22
    Description: The lipopolysaccharides of Rhodobacter sulfidophilus and the two budding species Rhodopseudomonas acidophila and Rhodopseudomonas blastica were isolated and chemically analyzed. The all have a lipid A backbone structure with glucosamine as the only amino sugar. The lipid A's of Rb. sulfidophilus and Rps. blastica contain phosphate, their fatty acids are characterized by ester-linked, unsubstituted 3-OH-10:0 and amide-linked 3-OH-14:0 (Rb. sulfidophilus) or 3-oxo-14:0 (Rps. blastica). Lipid A of Rps. acidophila is free of phosphate and contains the rare 3-OH-16:0 fatty acid in amide linkage. The lipopolysaccharides of all three species contain 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonate (KDO) but are devoid of heptoses. Neutral sugars with the exception of glucose are lacking in the lipopolysaccharide of Rb. sulfidophilus. This shows a high galacturonic acid content. The lipopolysaccharides of Rps. acidophila and Rps. blastica have neutral sugar spectra indicative for typical O-chains (rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucose in both species, and in Rps. blastica additionally 2-O-methyl-6-deoxy-hexose). The taxonomic value of the data is discussed.
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  • 27
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    Biocalcification through time: environmental challenge and cellular response (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 59 (1-2). pp. 15-33.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-25
    Description: A concept explaining biocalcification as a form of calcium detoxification is advanced using geochemical and paleontological criteria. The first appearence of calcareous skeletons at the turn of the Precambrian/Cambrian is interpreted as a biotic response to a gradual rise of Ca2+ in world ocean resulting in Ca2+ stress environments in shelf areas. Periodic appearance in the Phanerozoic record of heavily calcified marine biota, absent or relic in modern seas, suggests considerable temporal fluctuations of calcium concentrations in the ancient ocean. Temporal changes in Ca2+ and mineral nutrient contents in the environment can thus be seen as overriding factors in the evolution of organisms.
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  • 28
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    Foraminifera as sea-level indicators (1986)
    Springer
    In:  In: Sea-Level Research : a manual for the collection and evaluation of data. , ed. by Plassche, O. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 435-456.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-11
    Description: There are over 1000 foraminiferal species presently living in marine environments, but relatively few of these can be used as direct indicators of sea level. We detail here certain assemblages occupying marsh environments that can be used for that purpose. Marsh foraminiferal assemblages have been shown to occur worldwide within narrowly defined vertical zones some of which extend less than 10 cm in total vertical range. These assemblage zones, once known, can be relocated in paleo-marsh deposits and accurately related to paleo-sea level. The key to success of these organisms as sea-level indicators is that their primary controlling factor appears to be elevation above mean sea level. Other foraminiferal assemblages are controlled by a series of parameters (eg. salinity, temperature, dissolved O2, etc.) which often have no direct relationship with actual water depth. Under appropriate circumstances, some information concerning sea level can be derived from other foraminiferal assemblages using indirect means. For instance areas which have undergone substantial emergence often contain small basins which, prior to emergence, were marine. The marine sediments at the bottom can be identified using foraminifera and the sill elevation of the basin can then be related to some prior sea-level stand. Both these methods have imperfections, but in areas where both emergence and submergence have taken place they can be combined to obtain a relatively complete sea-level history.
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  • 29
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    Accumulation of biogenie silica and opal dissolution in upper quaternary skagerrak sediments (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 6 (3). pp. 165-172.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-15
    Description: In a core from the outer Skagerrak, the content of biogenic opal is higher in Late Pleistocene (Younger Dryas) than in Holocene deposits. In terms of opal accumulation, rates are 1 g/cm2/1,000 y during the Holocene and five to ten times larger during the Younger Dryas. Intensive dissolution has greatly reduced the Holocene opal content and does not allow calculation of paleoproductivity. The intensity of opal dissolution is reflected by dissolution stages of both the diatomParalia sulcata and sponge spicules. The intensity of dissolution is negatively correlated to the sedimentation rate and appears to be controlled by silica-undersaturated environment on the sea floor and the uppermost sediment layer.
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  • 30
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    German approaches to continental deep drilling (1985)
    Springer
    In:  In: Observation of the Continental Crust Through Drilling I : proceedings of the international symposium held in Tarrytown, May 20-25, 1984. , ed. by Raleigh, C. B. Exploration of the deep continental crust . Springer, Berlin (u.a.), pp. 6-15. ISBN 3-540-15873-1 ; 0-387-15873-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-02
    Description: For most earth scientists outside the USSR, plans for deep continental crustal drilling seem unrealistic. It will be even harder to convince money-spending organizations or personalities of their feasability. Therefore, we ourselves should continually have in mind an introduction to lectures that Patrick Winston from MIT uses to sell Artificial Intelligence: "If you are a skeptic, I want to make you a believer - and if you are a believer, I want to make you a skeptic."
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  • 31
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    Comparative toxicity of nitrite to freshwater fishes (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Aquatic Toxicology, 8 . pp. 129-137.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-24
    Description: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of nitrite to several species of freshwater fishes and to investigate the underlying physiological mechanisms which account for differential toxicity among species. Green sunfish (Lepornis cyanellus) was the most resistant species studied while the channel catfish (Ictaluruspunctatus) was the least resistant. Ninety-six hour median lethal concentrations correlated significantly with both the percentage of hemoglobin in the methemoglobin form and plasma nitrite concentrations among species. Plasma nitrite levels also correlated significantly with percent methemoglobin. Environmental chloride did not increase the tolerance of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to nitrite toxicity as it did for channel catfish. These results indicate that plasma nitrite concentrations are the primary determinant of the toxicity of nitrite to fishes. Further, plasma nitrite concentrations in various species depend on the discriminatory ability of the active transport system in fish gills which ordinarily transports chloride ions.
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  • 32
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    Lithic-enriched segregation bodies in pyroclastic flow deposits of Laacher See volcano (E-Eifel, Germany) (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25 . pp. 193-224.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-19
    Description: Small-volume (ca. 0.6 km3) pyroclastic flow deposits at Laacher See contain lithic breccias and two types of ground layers that differ significantly in their structure and composition from the main body of flow units. Lithic breccia bodies, up to 3.5 m thick, containing up to 85 weight% lithic blocks, occur locally at various distances from the vent. The deposition of these breccias was apparently governed by the strong influence of paleomorphology on the dynamics of the pyroclastic flows. The breccias were deposited at three main changes in bottom gradient along the path of the pyroclastic flows. The accumulation of large lithics is explained: (a) by compression of flows on the rising bottom close to the vent; (b) by thinning of flows accelerating over a steep incline; (c) by deceleration of the pre-concentrated lower part of flows in hydraulic jumps; and (d) possibly by a stationary vortex at the inner bend of a valley curvature. Poorly sorted lithic-rich ground layers, laterally highly variable in internal structure and composition, are restricted to marginal regions of the pyroclastic flow deposits within deep and narrow valleys. They are interpreted as having formed due to the extreme roughness of the valley walls, enforcing irregular turbulent flow and intense fluidization of the flow head, in which density-dominated segregation of lithics occurred. Wellsorted lapilli-rich ground layers of constant lateral thickness were probably generated by a more regularly moving, less intensely fluidized head of pyroclastic flows in which size-dominated segregation was effective but density-segregation was minor. A model of the temporal and longitudinal evolution of a flow head is proposed. Close to the vent, the head is exclusively erosive. With increasing distance, erosive power declines and erosion is paralleled by ground layer formation under strong fluidization. Further from the vent, the head ceases to erode while fluidization is still sufficient for ground layer formation. When fluidization declines to a level ineffective for segregation, ground layers terminate while the head advances and only terminates when plug-flow dominates.
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  • 33
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    The entrainment of high-viscosity magma into low-viscosity magma in eruption conduits (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Bulletin of Volcanology, 48 . pp. 325-339.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-29
    Description: We report experiments on the flow of two fluids of contrasting viscosity through a pipe in which low-viscosity fluid occupies the center of the pipe. The volume flux of the low-viscosity fluid in the pipe increased during an experiment but did not reach 100% in most cases. The transition from high- to low-viscosity-dominated outflow involved a drop in pressure gradient and an increase in flow rate due to reduced viscous resistance in the pipe. Initially, the central flow was thin and parallel-sided, but as its diameter increased the flow became unstable. A sequence of instabilities was observed during the course of each experiment, both in time and as a function of height in the pipe. In the most commonly observed instability the central flow adopted a helical geometry. The transition from parallel-sided to unstable flow first appeared at the top of the pipe and propagated downwards against the flow. Axisymmetric instabilities originating at the pipe entrance were also observed. All forms of instability exhibited entrainment of viscous fluid into the faster moving central flow. Entrainment was extensive early in the existence of the central flow, but later on the volume flux of lower-viscosity fluid in the central flow rose more rapidly than the rate of entrainment and the proportion of lower-viscosity fluid increased with time. These compositional changes determined the viscosity of the central flow which was found to control its diameter and velocity. In banded pumice deposits, silicic pumice without mafic component is commonly erupted alongside banded pumice blocks. We infer that banded pumice may correspond to the central flow in our experiments, i. e., that viscous magma has been incorporated into less viscous melt, and that pure acid pumice is derived from the outer flow. Changes in eruption style may be caused by variations in pressure gradient and flow rate due to changes in the viscosity of the melt in the conduit. Varied mafic/silicic proportions and degree of mixing in magmatic associations are controlled by the bulk volume erupted, discharge rate, initial temperature difference and aspect ratio of the conduit.
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  • 34
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    Variation of environmental features and microbial populations with salt concentrations in a multi-pond saltern (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Microbial Ecology, 11 (2). pp. 107-115.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-20
    Description: A multi-pond saltern that creates a gradient of salt concentrations has been studied with respect to some characteristics of the resulting environments and their microbial populations. The increase in salt concentration was correlated with increase in diurnal temperature and biomass present and with decrease in oxygen concentrations. Many types of organisms below 15% (w/v) total salts, were found, many of them normal inhabitants of seawater and even freshwater. Most organisms over 15% salts were halophilic. The salt concentrations comprised two ranges, each characterized by different microbial populations. First, between 15 and 30% salts, the populations ofDunaliella increased, reaching large numbers; moderately halophilic eubacteria and some fast-growing halobacteria predominated as heterotrophic microorganisms and, among the first, thePseudomonas-Alteromonas-Alcaligenes group andVibrio were the more abundant taxonomic groups; and gram-positive cocci appeared mainly over 25% salts. Phototrophic bacteria, both oxygenic and anoxygenic, were also found in this range, and among the anoxygenic type,Chromatium species andRodospirillum salexigens were probably predominant. Second, over 30% salts the diversity decreased greatly, all organisms found at the lower salt concentrations disappeared, and instead large populations of halobacteria developed. Over 50% salts, only three species of halobacteria were found.
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  • 35
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    Properties of sea water, Physical properties (general) (1986)
    Springer
    In:  In: LANDOLT-BÖRNSTEIN, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, Oceanography. , ed. by Sündermann, J. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 233-264.
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-15
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  • 36
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    Cephalopod Prey of the Sub-Antarctic Fur Seal, Arctocephalus tropicalis, at Gough Island (1985)
    Springer
    In:  In: Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs. , ed. by Siegfried, W. R., Condy, P. R. and Laws, R. M. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 551-554. ISBN 978-3-642-82277-3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: The Sub-Antarctic Fur Seal, Arctocephalus tropicalis, at Gough Island preys predominantly on cephalopods, but includes relatively small quantities of fish in its diet. Stomachs of Fur Seals (n = 220) culled on land were either empty (32%), contained only stones (8%) or contained almost exclusively prey remains resistant to digestion, such as cephalopod pens, ‘beaks’, eye balls, fish bones and otoliths. The pooled cephalopod lower beaks (n = 424) that could be identified (n = 337), showed that Ommastrephidae (52.5%), Histioteuthidae (25.2%), Onychoteuthidae (19.9%), Cranchiidae (2.1%) and Octopoteuthidae (0.3%) constituted the main prey items based on frequency of occurrence. Cephalopod mass estimates, from regression of lower rostral lengths against mass, approximated this relative arrangement of cephalopod families.
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  • 37
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    Distribution of the early-life phase of the Antarctic squid Galiteuthis glacialis in relation to the hydrology of the Southern Ocean in the sector 15° to 30°E (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 91 (3). pp. 353-357.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: During R.R.S. "Discovery" Cruise 100 in the Southern Ocean (1979), 620 specimens of the Antarctic cranchiid squid Galiteuthis glacialis (Chun) were caught in the RMT8 opening-closing net, to the south of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF). The catch was dominated by individuals 〈 20 mm dorsal mantle length (DML) and, apart from two specimens, the rest of the catch was 〈 60 mm DML. Two larger squid (255 mm DML) were both immature and apparently female. The species is concentrated at a depth of 300 to 400 m; there is evidence of ontogenetic spreading and a shift in the modal depth of the population from the 300 to 400 m horizon in daylight to the 200 to 300 m horizon in darkness. The collection confirms the circumpolar distribution of the species and supports previous evidence that it rarely, if ever, occurs to the north of the APF. As in Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni, the only other species of cranchiid squid known to occur south of the APF, the early-life phase of G. glacialis is concentrated in the upper zone of the "warm deep water" beneath the Antarctic surface layer where, putatively, there is a zone of enhanced biological activity.
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  • 38
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    Antarctic Mesopelagic Micronekton: Evidence from Seabirds That Pack Ice Affects Community Structure (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 232 (4752). pp. 847-849.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-05
    Description: Through a multidisciplinary project (AMERIEZ), with an unusual complement of components, previously unknown temporal and spatial dimensions to the structure of Antarctic epipelagic and mesopelagic communities were revealed. In late spring, an abundance of crustacean species thought to occur only below 300 meters was detected in ice-covered surface waters. Evident in ice-free waters were the expected occurrence patterns of these normally nonmigratory mesopelagic organisms. Where the pack was consolidated and little light penetrated to depth, primary and secondary production was confined to ice floes, and the physical environment immediately beneath the ice was reminiscent of a mesopelagic one. This suite of characteristics possibly explains why the crustaceans resided at the surface.
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  • 39
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    Survival strategies of microorganisms in extreme saline environments (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Advances in Space Research, 6 (12). pp. 299-306.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-22
    Description: Halophilic representatives are found in all main lines of evolutionary descendence of microbes: in archaebacteria, Gram-negative and Gram-positive eubacteria, and also in eucaryotes. In principe all halophilic microorganisms have to adapt their surface and membrane structures to their highly ionic environments. Concerning their intracellular compartment two different strategies have been developed: Inorganic ions are largely excluded in some microorganisms while such ions are actively accumulated in others. In particular the second group of organisms has to adapt the whole metabolic machinery to the highly ionic conditions of several molar salts, whereas in the first group only the outer surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and the extracytoplasmic structures are in contact with high concentrations of inorganic ions. In this latter group, a variety of organic solutes is accumulated in response to increases of the salinity of the environment.
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  • 40
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    Barotropic tides in the Northeast Atlantic inferred from moored current meter data (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift, 38 (1). pp. 7-22.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-02
    Description: Current data obtained from 7 moorings in the Northeast Atlantic in the course of many years are analysed with respect to semi-diurnal barotropic and baroclinic tides and diurnal barotropic tides. For semi-diurnal tides M2 and S2 the energy distribution is usually dominated by the barotropic mode; only in a few cases does the first-order baroclinic mode contain higher energy. Barotropic tidal ellipse orientations are found to be consistent with results from earlier tide gauge observations in this area. Significant deviations occur, however, in amplitudes. Results for the diurnal component K1 are also presented. With few exceptions, tides are found to be progressive waves in this area. The current ellipse pattern is similar to results obtained indirectly by Cartwright, Edden, Spencer et al. [1980] from tide gauge observations.
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  • 41
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    Crystal plasticity and superplasticity in quartzite; A natural example (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Tectonophysics, 115 (1-2). pp. 101-129.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-17
    Description: Plastically deformed quartzites from the Betic Movement Zone (Betic Cordilleras, Spain) exhibit microstructures indicative of crystal plasticity on a mineral grain scale. Quartzites with dynamically recrystallized grain sizes larger than 10 μm have strong crystallographic preferred orientations, narrow grain boundaries, little creep damage, and an inverse proportionality of dislocation density and grain size. Mylonites with grain sizes smaller than 10 μm have low crystallographic preferred orientations, wide grain boundaries (up to 1000 Å), abundant creep damage, and decreasing dislocation density with diminishing grain size. This is thought to reflect a clear-cut shift in deformational regimes from dislocation creep to superplastic flow at 10 μm grain size. Superplasticity can be acquired by quartzites which suffer dynamic recrystallization to grain sizes smaller than 10 μm during an initial dislocation creep stage. Dislocation motion is the major accomodating mechanism for strain incompatibilities that arise during grain-boundary sliding in the mylonites.It seems reasonable to estimate flow stresses from unbound dislocation densities and dynamically recrystallized grain sizes in the tectonite specimens. In the mylonites, dynamically recrystallized grain size probably reflects the stress magnitude before the shift in deformational mechanisms, and an estimate for late stage stresses is provided by unbound dislocation densities. In both deformational regimes the flow strength appears to depend on the extent of dynamic recrystallization.
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  • 42
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    Oxygen isotope constraints on surface ocean temperatures (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Research, 26 (1). pp. 121-134.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-16
    Description: Published oxygen isotope results from benthic and planktonic foraminifera are used to constrain the extent to which surface ocean temperatures in the tropics changed between glacial and interglacial time. The possible impacts of bioturbation and of the redistribution of 18O16O ratios within the sea, putting aside the oxygen isotope results, are consistent with the CLIMAP project conclusion that tropical ocean temperatures remained within ±2°C of their present value.
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  • 43
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    The holstein interglaciation: Time-stratigraphic position and correlation to stable-isotope stratigraphy of deep-sea sediments (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Research, 26 (3). pp. 283-298.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-02
    Description: Marine molluscan shells from para-type and other loclities of the Holsteinian interglaciation were dated by ThU and the electron spin resonance (ESR) method to more than 350,000 and 370,000 yr B.P., beyond the limit of ThU dating. The high age estimate is corroborated by a KAr age of 420,000 yr B.P. determined from volcanic ash near the base of the Ariendorf paleosol in the Middle Rhine valley believed to be a pedostratigraphic equivalent of the Holsteinian. Shells from the Herzeele marine unit III, an equivalent of the Wacken (Dömnitz) warm stage in northern France and subsequent to the Holsteinian, revealed ages between 300,000 and 350,000 yr B.P. A correlation of these two warm stages with marine oxygen-isotope stages 11 and 9 on the SPECMAP and CARTUNE time scales is suggested. From the benthic oxygen-isotope record one may infer that no exceptionally high global sea-level rise corresponds to the large transgressions of the Holstein Sea in northern Germany. Therefore, a significant proportion of the transgression was probably the result of an unusually large local glacial-isostatic depression caused by the extreme buildup of ice during the preceding Elster glaciation (stage 12). According to the deep-sea record, it lasted approximately 50% longer than the subsequent cold stage 10. The outstanding soil formation with Braunlehm and the well-developed thermal optimum of the Holsteinian are tentatively related to a phase of minimum sea-ice cover in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, as deduced from long benthic carbon-isotope records from the central Atlantic.
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  • 44
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    Vertical distribution and feeding patterns of midwater fish in the central equatorial Atlantic (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 85 (3). pp. 313-322.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-27
    Description: Fishes and zooplankton were obtained (March-April 1979 and partly in August 1974) from 45 hauls taken during the day and at night in the central equatorial Atlantic between Latitude 3 ~ and 2 ~ from the surface to 1250-m depth, using the RMT 1+8, a combined opening-closing plankton and micronekton trawl. The vertical distribution of 30 myctophid species is described. All species migrate in a diel pattern, Ceratoscopelus warmingii and Lampanyctus photonotus down to at least 1250 m. During daytime most species aggregated at 400- to 700-m depth, therefore only partly occupying the depth of the Deep Scattering Layer (400 to 500 m at 15 kHz). The feeding patterns of seven of the most abundant species were compared, with a total of 1 905 stomach contents being analysed. All seven species are regarded as opportunistic predators, which feed predominantly during the night on calanoid copepods. A total of 66 species of calanoid copepods were identified among the prey items, with smaller species definitely being in the minority. Stomachs of C. warmingii (700 to 1 250 m depth) and Lepidophanes guentheri (500 to 900 m depth) from daytime samples contained copepod species restricted to the upper 150 m of the water column, including Undinula vulgaris, Nannocalanus minor, and Euchaeta marina, thereby confirming an extended vertical migration of predators. Differences in diet and preferences between species in their total food spectrum are described.
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  • 45
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    Dissolution of biogenic carbonates: Effects of skeletal structure (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 71 (3-4). pp. 341-362.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-23
    Description: Dissolution of biogenic shallow-water carbonates exposed on deep-sea moorings indicates that skeletal structure is important for the rate of disintegration of biogenic carbonates, besides mineralogy and grain size of particles. The aragonites and high Mg-calcites used represent a wide spectrum of mineralogies and types of skeletal framework. The particles were deployed at different water depths on a mooring in the Drake Passage for 52 days. Weight loss curves for the various types of particles show the relative importance of the different structural factors for the disintegration of these biogenic carbonates. Organic coatings, intraskeletal pore spaces, and sizes and shapes of individual crystallites in the skeletons may be more important than carbonate mineralogy and particle size in cases. The presence of internal sediments, cement aggregates and natural contaminations and of diatoms incorporated during growth into carbonate skeletons, strongly influence the disintegration of the skeletal materials. The first step of particle disintegration is the selective removal of impurities. This step is analogous to a “cleaning” of specimens. It is succeeded by initial dissolution, by strong dissolution and finally by disintegration.
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  • 46
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    Diagenesis of Upper Triassic Wetterstein Reefs of the Bavarian Alps (1986)
    Springer
    In:  In: Reef Diagenesis. , ed. by Schroeder, J. H. and Purser, B. H. Springer , Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 245-268. ISBN 978-3-642-82814-0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Earlier studies of the Wetterstein series were concerned mainly with sedimentation (Sander 1936, Sarnthein 1965, 1966), or specific aspects of diagenesis (German 1968, 1969, Bechstädt 1975, 1979, Bechstädt and Dohler-Hirner 1983). The first modern facies concept, including ecological zonation, for a specific reef complex near Innsbruck, e.g., Hafelekar reef, was made by Brandner and Resch (1981).
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  • 47
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    Impact of freshwater discharge on production and transfer of materials in the marine environment (1986)
    Springer
    In:  In: The role of freshwater outflow in coastal marine ecosystems. , ed. by Skreslet, S. NATO ASI Series, G7 . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 85-106.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
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  • 48
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    Currents, fronts and eddy fluxes in the Canary Basin (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 14 . pp. 231-257.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-10
    Description: Hydrographic data from two cruises in the Canary Basin (Meteor 57, July 1981; Poseidon 86, April 1982) are analysed with respect to current distribution and lateral heat flux in the Azores-Madeira region. The first part of the data base consists of long transects of XBT and G.E.K. measurements between Cape Finisterre (North West Spain) and the northern Canary Basin, where several year-long current meter records exist. Further information is obtained by thermosalinograph surface data and by expendable current profilers (XCP). Geostrophic currents are derived from XBT profiles, using the tight temperature-salinity relationship in the depth range of the Warmwassersphäre. The results compare well with the G.E.K. and XCP current observations. The second part consists of CTD data from an eddy resolving, box-shaped CTD survey (500 × 500 km2) centered at the mooring location (33°N, 22°W), The observations are supplemented by satellite-buoy trajectories. Horizontal parameter distribution is shown in terms of objectively contoured maps. Bands of spatially enhanced energetic structures, seen in the long transects are further resolved by the box survey as a deep jet-like current system cross the Canary Basin in a west-east direction. Associated with this Azores Current is a frontal zone with near-surface temperature and salinity steps of order 2 K and 0.3 practical salinity units. The dynamic topography field can be decomposed into a linear background field, a Rossby wave and a mesoscale eddy field. We find that major contributions to the meridional eddy heat flux are confined to the vicinity of the Azores current frontal zone. It is shown that the principal balance in the temperature equation is between heating by the mean horizontal advection terms and cooling by the eddy flux divergence.
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  • 49
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    Respiration of Sepia officinalis during embryonic and early juvenile life (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 90 (1). pp. 35-39.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Adult Sepia officinalis L. were caught in June 1984, in the coastal waters of Wimereux (France). Deposition of the eggs took place in the seawater aquaria of the “Station Marine”. The oxygen consumption of S. officinalis was measured during embryonic and juvenile development. Aerobic metabolism occurs as soon as the early embryonic Stage 21. Oxygen diffuses through the initially thick egg shell; the oxygen level in the perivitelline liquid reaches a maximal value just before hatching (116.7±6.9 mm Hg). Hatchings display only a slight increase in oxygen consumption compared to embryos in the last stage of development. Respiration experiments with 40 d old juveniles showed that oxygen consumption increases with temperature, but is not affected by photoperiod. Experiments under increasing hypoxia revealed that S. officinalis juveniles are good regulators and maintain a constant oxygen consumption in the range of 4 to 7 mg O2l-1. Juveniles successfully recover from an hypoxic stress of 2 mg O2l-1 maintained for 1 h. This suggests that the respiratory pigments (pre-hemocyanins) of 40 d-old juveniles have a high oxygen affinity and/or that these juveniles have the ability to adapt to anaerobic conditions.
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  • 50
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    Cephalopods in the diets of Emperor and Adelie penguins in Adelie Land, Antarctica (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 86 (2). pp. 199-202.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Cephalopod remains were collected from all of 12 dead Emperor penguin chicks [Aptenodytes forsteri (Gray)], from 76% of 29 living adult Emperor penguins, and from 18% of 105 living adult Adelie penguins [Pygoscelis adeliae (Hombron & Jacquinot)] from Adelie Land, Antarctica, in 1982. Of the seven species of squids represented by lower beaks, Psychroteuthis glacialis comprised 88% of the number in both Emperor chicks and Emperor adults and 100% in Adelie adults. From estimates of the weight of squids represented by lower beaks, Gonatus antarcticus and Kondakovia longimana contributed 18 and 14%, respectively, of the weight of squids in the diet of Emperor chicks and 27 and 21%, respectively, in the diet of Emperor adults. The data suggest that Psychroteuthis glacialis probably hatch in July-September and grow steadily for one year, and then spawn and die.
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  • 51
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    Summer diet of Weddell Seals (Leptonychotes weddelli) in the eastern and southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 6 (2). pp. 97-102.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: Stomach and intestine samples from 21 adult Weddell seals were used to study the diet of these seals from the eastern and southern Weddell Sea coast from January to February 1983 and 1985. Fish occurred in all seals, squid in five, octopods in three and Euphausia crystallorophias in one seal. Pleuragramma antarcticum was the predominant fish in the diet, constituting 61.1% of otoliths in 1983 samples and 93.8% in 1985. Aethotaxis mitopteryx, Dissostichus mawsoni, unidentified Trematomus spp. and channichthyids were also recorded. Size and wet weight of P. antarcticum were calculated from uneroded otoliths, found in 6 seal stomachs with liquid food pulp, collected during early morning hours in 1985. Size distribution of P. antarcticum from individual seals was reasonably constant, ranging between 5.0 and 22.0 cm SL; adult fish from about 14.0 to 19.0 cm SL predominated. P. antarcticum in seals from the southern area had a larger median size (16.5 cm SL), than those from further east (15.5 cm SL). Calculated wet weights of all P. antarcticum from individual seal stomachs ranged between 4.7 and 16.9 kg the mean was 12.8 kg. Comparisons with net-hauls from the southern Gould Bay suggest that Weddell seals feed mainly in deeper water layers (〉400 m) where adult P. antarcticum occur at higher densities.
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  • 52
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    Climate Variability Studies with a Primitive Equation Model of the Equatorial Pacific (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  In: Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models. , ed. by Nihoul, J. C. Elsevier Oceanography Series, 40 . Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 63-81.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-08
    Description: A primitive equation equatorial model has been developed to study climate variability due to wind and thermodynamic forcing in an equatorial region. The model basin extends from 30° S to 30° N and zonally over 140°, has a variable horizontal resolution (50–800 km) and 13 vertical levels. Experiments are performed with observed annual cycle as well as 32 years of observed bimonthly wind data. A preliminary analysis of these experiments shows that the model is capable of simulating the basic pattern of annual as well as interannual variability of the Pacific Ocean. In particular, the model response shows evidence of the major El Niños which occurred between 1947 and 1978.
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  • 53
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    Phytoplankton competition along a gradient of dilution rates (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Oecologia, 68 (4). pp. 503-506.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-10
    Description: Natural phytoplankton from Lake Constance was used for chemostat competition experiments performed at a variety of dilution rates. In the first series at high Si:P ratios and under uniform phosphorus limitation for all species, Synedra acus outcompeted all other species at all dilution rates up to 1.6 d-1, only at the highest dilution rate (2.0 d-1) Achnanthes minutissima was successful. In the second series in the absence of any Si a green algal replacement series was found, with Mougeotia thylespora dominant at the lowest dilution rates, Scenedesmus acutus at the intermediate ones, and Chlorella minutissima at the highest ones. The outcome of interspecific competition was not in contradiction with the Monod kinetics of P-limited growth of the five species, but no satisfactorily precise prediction of competitive performance can be derived from the Monod kinetics because of insufficient precision in the estimate of k s .
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  • 54
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    Nitrate- and silicate-competition among antarctic phytoplankton (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 91 (3). pp. 345-351.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Natural phytoplankton from antarctic waters in the Drake Passage were used for competition experiments in semicontinuous cultures. The outcome of interspecific competition for silicate and nitrate was studied at a range of Si:N ratios (from 2.6:1 to 425:1) and at three different dilution rates. For five species Monod kinetics of silicate-and nitrate-limited growth has been established. Comparison between theoretical predictions derived from Monod kinetics and the outcome of competition experiments showed only minor deviations. Contrary to literature data, considerable depletion of nitrate was found in antarctic seawater. Both the concentrations of soluble silicate and of nitrate were too low to support maximum growth rates of some of the diatom species under investigation.
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  • 55
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    The periodicity of phytoplankton in Lake Constance (Bodensee) in comparison to other deep lakes of central Europe (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 138 (1). pp. 1-7.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-29
    Description: Phytoplankton periodicity has been fairly regular during the years 1979 to 1982 in Lake Constance. Algal mass growth starts with the vernal onset of stratification; Cryptophyceae and small centric diatoms are the dominant algae of the spring bloom. In June grazing by zooplankton leads to a lsquoclear-water phasersquo dominated by Cryptophyceae. Algal summer growth starts under nutrient-saturated conditions with a dominance of Cryptomonas spp. and Pandorina morum. Depletion of soluble reactive phosphorus is followed by a dominance of pennate and filamentous centric diatoms, which are replaced by Ceratium hirundinella when dissolved silicate becomes depleted. Under calm conditions there is a diverse late-summer plankton dominated by Cyanophyceae and Dinobryon spp.; more turbulent conditions and silicon resupply enable a second summer diatom growth phase in August. The autumnal development leads from a Mougeotia — desmid assemblage to a diatom plankton in late autumn and winter. Inter-lake comparison of algal seasonality includes in ascending order of P-richness Königsee, Attersee, Walensee, Lake Lucerne, Lago Maggiore, Ammersee, Lake Zürich, Lake Geneva, Lake Constance. The oligotrophic lakes have one or two annual maxima of biomass; after the vernal maximum there is a slowly developing summer depression and sometimes a second maximum in autumn. The more eutrophic lakes have an additional maximum in summer. The number of floristically determined successional stages increases with increasing eutrophy, from three in Königsee and Attersee to eight in Lake Geneva and Lake Constance.
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  • 56
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    Near surface nutrient and phytoplankton distribution in the Drake Passage during early December (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 6 (2). pp. 107-110.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-14
    Description: Nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton species composition in near surface samples were studied along a S-N gradient in the Drake Passage, in early December 1984. Nitrate concentrations were much lower than usually previously reported from circum-Antarctic waters. Comparison of dissolved nutrient concentrations with growth requirements of Antarctic plankton algae suggests potential limitation of at least some species by nitrate or silicate. The taxonomic composition of the phytoplankton in our samples seemed to be partially controlled by competition for limiting nutrients.
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  • 57
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    On the influence of frictional parameterization in wind-driven ocean circulation models (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 10 (1). pp. 63-92.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-24
    Description: In a series of numerical experiments the wind-driven ocean circulation is studied in an idealized, rectangular model ocean, which is forced by steady zonal winds and damped by lateral and/or bottom friction. The problem as described by the barotropic vorticity equation is characterized by a Rossby number (R) and horizontal and/or vertical Ekman numbers (EL, EB) only. With free-slip conditions at the boundaries steady solutions for all chosen values of R are obtained, provided the diffusivity is sufficiently large. For both the forms of frictional parameterization a northern boundary current emerges with an eastward penetration scale depending on R. The recirculation pattern in the oceanically relevant ‘intermediate’ range of R is strongly affected by the type of friction. If lateral diffusion dominates bottom friction, a strong recirculating sub-gyre emerges in the northwestern corner of the basin. Its shape resembles the vertically integrated transport fields in recent eddy resolving model (EGCM) studies. The maximum transport is increased to values several times larger than the Sverdrup transport. The increase in transport is coupled with a development of closed contours of potential vorticity, enabling a nearly free inertial flow. This behaviour provides a sharp contrast to the bottom friction case (Veronis) where inertial recirculation only takes place with values of R so large that the eastward jet reaches the eastern boundary. It is shown that the linear friction law puts a strong constraint on the flow by preventing an intense recirculation in a small part of the basin. A reduction of the diffusivity (EL) in the lateral friction case leads to quasi-steady solutions. The interaction with eddies becomes an integral part of the time mean energetics but does not influence the recirculation character of the flow. The main conclusion of the study is that the horizontal structure of the EGCM-transport fields can be explained in terms of a steady barotropic model where lateral friction represents the dominant dissipation mechanism
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  • 58
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    The Annual Cycle of Kiel Bight Plankton: A Long-Term Analysis (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Estuaries, 8 (2A). pp. 145-157.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-27
    Description: Over the past decade, the annual cycle of the major pelagic processes in relation to environmental factors and species composition of the plankton has been studied intensively at a fixed station in Kiel Bight. A series of sequential phases, differentiated according to characteristic properties, succeed each other in a recurring pattern each year. The following phases have been differentiated: the spring diatom bloom, the late spring copepod maximum, the summer stratification, the fall blooms and the winter dormancy. Each phase represents a particular pattern of biogenous element cycling, both within the pelagic system and between the pelagic and benthic systems. Each phase is also characterized by a spectrum of dominant species, many of which do not recur each year. Greatest variation is found amongst bloom diatoms, whereas large, slow-growing species such as the Ceratia and most metazooplankton are highly recurrent. Variation in species composition is not related to long-term trends since the past century, in spite of the considerable increase in anthropogenic nutrient input to the Bight. Short-term events appear to determine occurrence of fast-growing species, many of which have benthic resting stages in their life histories. It is concluded that more attention should be paid to life history strategies of species if the mechanisms of seasonal succession are to be elucidated. Long-term observations on appearance or absence of the various species in relation to environmental properties can provide clues as to the nature of these life history strategies.
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  • 59
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    The recolonization potential of Metridium senile in an area previously depopulated by oxygen deficiency (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Oecologia, 67 (2). pp. 255-259.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-16
    Description: Every summer the deepest parts of the inner Flensburg fjord are subject to O2-deficiency lasting from a few weeks to several months. In spring, however, populations of Metridium senile can be found in these areas, in spite of the fact that frequently the local anoxic period of the previous summer has been 2–3 times longer than their anoxia LD50-value (3 wks). Responsible for this phenomenon is an intensive recolonization by adult Metridium during autumn and winter. This process has been investigated in an 8 months monitoring from May to December 1981. Results on the recolonization mechanism, the population structure of immigrating anemones and recolonization rate as a function of available hard substratum are presented.
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  • 60
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    Oregon Subduction Zone: Venting, Fauna, and Carbonates (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 231 (4738). pp. 561-566.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-06
    Description: Transects of the submersible Alvin across rock outcrops in the Oregon subduction zone have furnished information on the structural and stratigraphic framework of this accretionary complex. Communities of clams and tube worms, and authigenic carbonate mineral precipitates, are associated with venting sites of cool fluids located on a fault-bend anticline at a water depth of 2036 meters. The distribution of animals and carbonates suggests up-dip migration of fluids from both shallow and deep sources along permeable strata or fault zones within these clastic deposits. Methane is enriched in the water column over one vent site, and carbonate minerals and animal tissues are highly enriched in carbon-12. The animals use methane as an energy and food source in symbiosis with microorganisms. Oxidized methane is also the carbon source for the authigenic carbonates that cement the sediments of the accretionary complex. The animal communities and carbonates observed in the Oregon subduction zone occur in strata as old as 2.0 million years and provide criteria for identifying other localities where modern and ancient accreted deposits have vented methane, hydrocarbons, and other nutrient-bearing fluids.
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  • 61
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    The physics of thermocline ventilation (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  In: Coupled ocean-atmosphere models. Elsevier Oceanography Series, 40 . Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 543-590. ISBN 0-444-42486-5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-03
    Description: The potential vorticity profile in the seasonal pycnocline can be predicted from the surface buoyancy and momentum fluxes by means of the Lagrangian correlation of seasonally varying mixed-layer depth and density. Water flows geostrophically from the seasonal pycnocline into the permanent pycnocline, through the sloping surface of depth D defined by the annual maximum depth of the mixed layer. Potential vorticity flows into the permanent pycnocline where U(D)· ∇D ≤W(D) and vice versa. A theory is given for the regional variation of D, and methods of determining D from hydrographic data are reviewed. This physical understanding of potential vorticity sources and sinks makes it possible to reformulate ventilated thermocline models in terms of flux rather than density boundary conditions, and guides the design of coupled models of ocean—atmosphere circulation. It leads to formulae for water-mass formation and the nutrient balance in the seasonal boundary layer.
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  • 62
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    A Kaleidoscope of Plates, Faunal and Floral Dispersals, and Sea Level Changes (1985)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Great American Biotic Interchange. , ed. by Stehli, F. G. S. and Webb, D. Springer, Boston, MA, pp. 3-16.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-03
    Description: Complex problems seem to have a way of becoming increasingly complex as we learn more, recognize new variables, and appreciate the labyrinthine nature of interactions. When we learn to deal with them as large-scale systems, however, models can be posited and tested, and it becomes possible to move from an observational-analytical approach to one allowing a certain degree of experimentation.
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  • 63
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    Unknown
    Caribbean Plate Relative Motions (1985)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Great American Biotic Interchange. , ed. by Stehli, F. G. and Webb, D. Springer, Boston, MA, pp. 17-48.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-03
    Description: Any reconstruction of the geological history of the Central America land bridge is dependent on conjectural motions of several lithospheric plates. The most important aspect of a timing sequence for a link between the North and South America land masses is apparently the creation of the Caribbean Plate. The geological record, however, which details a tectonic evolution of the Caribbean Plate and its margins is so enigmatic that many critical questions remain unresolved, and every developed model is couched in some incompatibilities.
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  • 64
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    Mesozoic and Cenozoic Plate Evolution of the Caribbean Region (1985)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Great American Biotic Interchange. , ed. by Stehli, F. G. and Webb, S. D. Springer, Boston, MA, pp. 89-121.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-02
    Description: The reconstruction of Caribbean plate history is an uncertain task, but a task that has intrigued generations of geologists. Each worker has turned to the task of historical interpretation influenced by a particular set of experiences or a special approach, and the results have been accordingly varied. A complete history of interpretations would form the subject of a fascinating chapter in the history of geological philosophy, but such is not the purpose of this chapter. Instead, I will dwell on a set of data that call for what I believe to be a relatively conservative view of Cretaceous and Tertiary plate history. My own interpretation is based heavily on my own or my students’ field experiences in the northeastern West Indies, Guatemala, Belize, and Venezuela, as well as extensive field excursions in Hispaniola, Jamaica, the Lesser Antilles, Central America, and the Dutch Antilles. I am further heavily influenced by the results of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), Leg 15, which produced information of fundamental interest in the Venezuelan and Colombian Basins, and by several dissertations of the Princeton University group in northern Venezuela.
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  • 65
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    Physical properties (general)of sea water (1986)
    Springer
    In:  In: Landolt-Börnstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik: Neue Serie = Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology: new series / Ed.-in-chief: O. Madelung Gruppe 5, Geophysik und Weltraumforschung = Geophysics and space research Bd. 3, Ozeanographie = Oceanography, Teilband a. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 233-264. ISBN 3-540-15092-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-05
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 66
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    Atlantis-II Deep geothermal brine system. Chemical processes between hydrothermal brines and Red Sea deep water (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 64 (1-2). pp. 157-177.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-16
    Description: Water samples and suspended matter taken in the Atlantis-II Deep area (Red Sea) during the expedition SO-2 (with RV “Sonne”) in November 1977 were investigated for chemical composition. Only slight changes have been found for most components since 1966. A strong decrease of the Cu content (from 100–500 μg kg−1 according to Brooks et al., 1969, to values below 1 μg kg−1) has, however, become evident. Comparison between theoretical concentrations in the intermediate brine layers (resulting when using the lower or the upper homothermal layers, respectively, as end members of mixing processes with Red Sea deep water) and the concentrations measured prove that precipitation and resolution processes have considerable influence on the concentrations found in solution. Components strongly involved in such processes are: iron, manganese, copper, oxygen, sulfate, and silica, as could be shown from comparison of theoretical and measured concentration profiles along the water column. Investigations of the metals suspended in the brine confirm these processes. Compared to 1971/1972, the Cu and Zn values in suspension (preferring the southwestern basin at that time) are clearly reduced — thus being in agreement with the recently lowered hydrothermal activity. Remarks on the hypothetical composition of the unknown hydrothermal brine discharging into the deepest basin are also included.
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  • 67
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    Responses to water-borne chemicals by the octopus Eledone cirrhosa (Lamarck, 1798) (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 104 . pp. 23-30.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-19
    Description: The octopus Eledone cirrhosa (Lamarck 1798), enclosed in a small chamber of flowing sea water, was tested for responses to water-borne chemicals. Incidence of body movements and change in ventilation rate were recorded by a non-invasive technique- At concentrations no more than 1x10 -4M at the animal, the octopuses responded to betaine, proline, alanine, lactic acid, and serine (order of decreasing sensitivity)- Glutamic acid and trimethylamine oxide were considerably less stimulatory, arginine and taurine were hardly more effective than sea-water controls.
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  • 68
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    Pantelleria Rift — crustal extension in a convergent intraplate setting (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Geologische Rundschau, 74 (3). pp. 585-597.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-18
    Description: The Pantelleria Rift system is a wide zone of post-Miocene northwest-trending grabens and horsts beneath the Sicily Strait. The central grabens host volcanics of predominantly alkalic composition which are exposed on the islands of Pantelleria and Linosa. On the Maltese Islands, along the northeastern shoulder of the rift, an Oligocene-Miocene carbonate succession exposed above sea level allows structural analysis and determination of shallow crustal stresses within the otherwise largely submarine rift system. An older northeast-trending set of normal faults is probably the expression of an Oligocene-Miocene crustal extension event which produced continental rifts in western Europe and led to passive margin formation in the western Mediterranean. Younger northwest-trending grabens of the Pantelleria Rift system cut the older faults almost at right angles and define a zone of lithospheric stretching between Tunisia and Sicily. The northwest-trending grabens which subsided dramatically since the beginning of Pliocene time appear to be connected by east-trending dextral and, more rarely, north-trending sinistral transforms. Displacement along the transforms is probably in the order of a few kilometres. In-situ stress measurements carried out on the Maltese Islands show maximum horizontal compression (SH) parallel to the rift. This suggests that in general σ1 (vertical) and σ2 (horizontal and parallel to the rift) are of about the same magnitude; both exceed σ3 (Sh) which trends northeasterly. Slight intraplate convergence in a NW-SE direction seems to be more than balanced by extension in a NE-SW direction. Neotectonics of the region possibly reflects an asthenospheric flow pattern which became established during the Messinian salinity crisis. The mechanism of recent intraplate deformation of the Pelagian shelf has relevance for the understanding of more anciently subsided platforms of the Apulian Plate.
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  • 69
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    Cephalopods in the diets of Emperor and Adelie penguins in Adelie Land, Antarctica (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 86 (2). pp. 199-202.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-31
    Description: Cephalopod remains were collected from all of 12 dead Emperor penguin chicks [Aptenodytes forsteri (Gray)], from 76% of 29 living adult Emperor penguins, and from 18% of 105 living adult Adelie penguins [Pygoscelis adeliae (Hombron & Jacquinot)] from Adelie Land, Antarctica, in 1982. Of the seven species of squids represented by lower beaks, Psychroteuthis glacialis comprised 88% of the number in both Emperor chicks and Emperor adults and 100% in Adelie adults. From estimates of the weight of squids represented by lower beaks, Gonatus antarcticus and Kondakovia longimana contributed 18 and 14%, respectively, of the weight of squids in the diet of Emperor chicks and 27 and 21%, respectively, in the diet of Emperor adults. The data suggest that Psychroteuthis glacialis probably hatch in July–September and grow steadily for one year, and then spawn and die.
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  • 70
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    Unknown
    Rare earth elements in foraminifera tests (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 73 (2-4). pp. 285-298.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-08
    Description: The concentrations of nine rare earth elements (REE) La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er and Yb, have been determined in mixed species assemblages of foraminifera tests taken from Atlantic Ocean sediment core tops. Reductive cleaning techniques have revealed that REE are present in three phases in foraminifera tests collected from sea floor sediments; REE included in the foraminiferal calcite matrix (termed lattice REE), REE associated with an authigenic FeMn-rich phase adsorbed onto the surface of the test following the death of the organism (termed coating REE) and REE associated with alumino-silicate detritus (termed detrital REE) which commonly infills the test chambers after burial in the sediment. The concentrations of REE in the nondetrital (lattice plus coating) and lattice phases have been measured in this study. Approximately 90% of the REE measured in the non-detrital phase reside in the coating phase, the remainder being present in the lattice phase. These data have been used to investigate the relationship between the distribution of dissolved REE in the ocean and in the coating and lattice phases. In addition to the REE the concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, Al and PO4 have been measured as an aid to characterisation of the various phases.
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  • 71
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    Methane oxidation in sediment and water column environments - Isotope evidence (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Organic Geochemistry, 10 (4-6). pp. 759-768.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-04
    Description: Microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane in sediments is a kinetic process associated with a carbon isotope effect which enriches the remaining methane in 13C. Three, models: % residual methane, higher hydrocarbon enrichment, and CO2-CH4 coexisting pairs are used to independently calculate fractionation factors (αc) in the range of 1.002–1.014, which overlap the range determined by culture studies, αc is smaller than that associated with methanogenesis by CO2 reduction or by acetate-type fermentation, and comparison of the coexisting CO2-CH4 pairs can distinguish between the formation and consumption processes. Methane oxidation in sediments continues to a threshold concentration of ca. 0.2 mM; the residual methane is either unavailable or unattractive to consumption. Minor amounts of methane may also be produced simultaneously in the methane consumption zone, influencing the apparent fractionation factor in this zone.
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  • 72
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    The influence of the frequency of periodic disturbances on the maintenance of phytoplankton diversity (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Oecologia, 71 (1). pp. 25-28.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-10
    Description: The influence of periodic disturbances of various frequency on the maintenance of the phytoplankton diversity was studied by semicontinuous competition experiments. Disturbances consisted of dilution events, which meant both addition of fresh nutrients and elimination of organisms. The intervals between dilution events varied from 1 to 14 days. Diversity was found to increase with increasing intervals between disturbances. coexisting species belonged to different strategy types: (a) species with rapid growth under enriched conditions, (b) species with good competitive abilities under impoverished conditions, (c) species with the ability to build up storage pools of the limiting nutrient. An increase of the number of coexisting species over the number that would have coexisted in steady state was only found when the interval exceeded one generation time.
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