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  • wheat  (71)
  • Springer  (71)
  • 1990-1994  (55)
  • 1980-1984  (16)
  • 1991  (55)
  • 1984  (16)
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  • Springer  (71)
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  • 1990-1994  (55)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of the incubation conditions on the production of patulin by Penicillium griseofulvum isolated from wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 115 (1991), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Penicillium griseofulvum ; patulin ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Sixty-four wheat samples from Spanish flour factories were screened for patulin and patulin-producing moulds. None of them was found to contain any patulin, whereas samples experimentally contaminated with this toxin proved it to be highly unstable. On the other hand, Penicillium griseofulvum was the only in vitro patulin-producing species found (19 samples). Mould growth in the samples was investigated by using yeast-sucrose medium (YES) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the amounts of toxin produced during 40 day's incubation at 20 and 28°C. The highest yield rate of patulin was obtained between the 20th and 30th day of incubation; such a rate, however, was very low throughout the vigorous growth phase, during the first 20 days of incubation. The more appropriate temperature for incubation and patulin production was 28 °C. We also investigated the influence of other incubation conditions in the yield and found stationary dark cultures to be more efficient that shaken or fermentation cultures in YES medium. The best patulin yield achieved was 11.9 mg in the culture broth and 6.3 mg in the mycelium from 100 ml of medium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00462220
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of level of application on the residual value of superphosphate on a sandy soil in south-western Australia (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 29 (1991), S. 163-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Superphosphate ; residual value ; sandy soil ; leaching of phosphorus ; lupins ; barley ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In a field experiment on deep, yellow, sandy soil near Badgingarra, Western Australia, the residual value of superphosphate applied one and two years previously was measured relative to freshly-applied superphosphate using yields of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), barley and wheat. In addition, soil samples were collected for measurement of bicarbonate-extractable soil P. This was also used to estimate the residual value of the superphosphate. For lupins and wheat, and for bicarbonate-extractable soil P, the residual value decreased with increasing level of application. For barley grain, the residual value was not significantly affected by the level of application. The decrease in residual value of superphosphate with increasing level of application is attributed to increased leaching of applied phosphorus (P) down the profile of the sandy soils as the level of application increases. This may reduce subsequent plant yields due to the delay in seedling roots reaching the P in the soil during the crucial early stages of plant growth. For lupins, the relationship between yield and the level of superphosphate applied was markedly sigmoidal. The relationship for wheat and barley was exponential. Consequently, at suboptimal levels of P application, lupins required about two to three times more P than wheat or barley to produce the same yield. However, lupins required less P to achieve near-maximum yield.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048956
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A simple model for estimating the nitrogen fertilizer requirement of a cereal crop (1984)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 5 (1984), S. 95-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen fertilizer ; sorghum ; wheat ; soil test
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A static model that predicts the nitrogen (N) fertilizer requirement of grain sorghum or wheat crops is described. Inputs required by the model are soil nitrate-N (kg ha−1) in the profile at sowing, total N (%) in the plough layer, available water in the profile at sowing (mm) plus rainfall during the growing season (mm). Output includes fertilizer N required for both maximum yield and optimum economic yield. The model was tested by using published field data from Nebraska and Kansas (U.S.A.), South Australia and Northern Territory (Australia), and Saskatchewan (Canada). The model was accurate when no fertilizer N was required, and when large amounts were required, but quantitative prediction of moderate requirements was only fair. Predictions for grain sorghum were better than for winter wheat, probably because total water use was a better predictor of yield potential for grain sorghum than for winter wheat. Further refinement for specific environments should make the model practical for dryland cereal crops.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049494
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of iron pyrites as sulphur fertilizer (1984)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 5 (1984), S. 235-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): iron pyrites ; wheat ; chickpea ; mustard ; Egyptian clover ; biomass production ; S uptake ; P mobilization ; P uptake
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive winter crop seasons commencing in 1979–80 on the Typic Ustochrept of Pura to evaluate iron pyrites as S fertilizer. Four crops viz, wheat, chickpea, mustard and Egyptian clover were tested for their responsiveness to added pyrites. All the crops responded significantly to added pyrites. Mustard proved most sensitive to S deficiency in soil and wheat the least. Between the two legumes, Egyptian clover was more sensitive to S stress than chickpea. Average biomass production by Egyptian clover was highest followed by wheat, mustard and chickpea. Mustard and Egyptian clover required more S to achieve maximum biomass production compared with wheat and chickpea but they also recovered from the soil a large proportion of added S than wheat and chickpea. Addition of pyrites increased availability of S in soil. Pyrites enhanced mobilization of soil P and its utilization by the crops.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051622
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A segment of rye chromosome 1 enhances growth and embryogenesis of calli derived from immature embryos of wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 10 (1991), S. 148-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): wheat ; rye ; embryogenesis ; growth ; tissue culture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The influence of the short arm of rye chromosome 1 (1RS) from Secale cereale var. Imperial on the growth and differentiation of callus cultures from wheat Triticum aestivum var. Chinese Spring immature embryos was analysed. This chromosome arm was found to stimulate both embryogenesis and the rate of growth of calli. Recombinant lines carrying segments of 1RS were used to delineate the regions of 1RS responsible for the tissue culture effects. The enhancement of embryogenesis and the stimulation of growth were shown to be associated with two distinct genetic regions of the chromosome arm; the former is located between the centromere and the Sec 1 locus, while the latter is situated in the immediate vicinity of the Sec 1 locus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232047
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of members of a pseudogene subfamily of the wheat α-gliadin storage protein genes (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 335-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum ; wheat ; endosperm ; gliadin ; pseudogene ; duplication ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020565
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wheat ubiquitin gene exhibits a conserved protein coding region and a diverged 3′ non-coding region (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 907-908 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): ubiquitin ; wheat ; heat shock protein
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015082
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Site-directed mutagenesis and expression inEscherichia coli of WMAI-1, a wheat monomeric inhibitor of insect α-amylase (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 1005-1011 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): α-amylase inhibitor ; expression inE. coli ; glycosylation versus activity ; insect α-amylase ; mutagenesis ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The wheat monomeric inhibitor WMAI-1 (syn. 0.28) produced inEscherichia coli using the pT7-7 expression ventor has the correct N-terminal sequence and the same electrophoretic mobility and specific activity towards the α-amylase from the insectTenebrio molitor as the native WMAI-1 isolated from wheat. This confirms that the native inhibitor is not glycosylated and contradicts claims that a putative glycosyl moiety was essential for inhibition. Thirteen mutants have been obtained at six different sites. Substitution of the highly conserved N-terminal S by the sequence ARIRAR increased the pre-incubation time required for maximum activity. A similar result was obtained by insertion of GPRLPW after position 4, while insertion of EPRAPW at the same position rendered the inhibitor inactive. The substitution D/EGPRL and insertions DGP or D, at position 58, produced complete inactivation. All other mutations had only minor effects on activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037140
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Triticum aestivum cDNA clone encoding a low-molecular-weight heat shock protein (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 273-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Tahsp17.3 ; low-molecular-weight HSP ; Triticum aestivum L. ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039504
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding a pathogen-induced putative peroxidase of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 329-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): pathogen-induced ; peroxidase ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We report here the complete amino acid sequence of a pathogen-induced putative peroxidase from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as deduced from cDNA clones representing mRNA from leaves infected with the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe graminis. The protein consists of 312 amino acids, of which the first 22 form a putative signal sequence, and has a calculated pI of 5.7. Sequence comparison revealed that the putative wheat peroxidase is most similar to the turnip (Brassica rapa) peroxidase, with which it shares 57% identical and 13% conserved amino acids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020563
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sequence and tissue-specific expression of a putative peroxidase gene from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 171-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): peroxidase gene ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have used a cDNA clone encoding a pathogen-induced putative wheat peroxidase to screen a genomic libary of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Cheyenne) and isolated one positive clone, lambda POX1. Sequence analysis revealed that this clone contains a gene encoding a putative peroxidase with a calculated pI of 8.1 which exhibits 58% and 83% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of the turnip (Brassica rapa) peroxidase and a pathogen-induced putative wheat peroxidase, respectively. The two introns in the wheat gene are at the same positions as introns in the peroxidase genes of tomato and horseradish. Results of S1-mapping experiments suggest that this gene is neither pathogen-nor wound-induced in leaves but is constitutively expressed in roots.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017928
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding a Group 3 LEA mRNA inducible by ABA or dehydration stress in wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 1073-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): abscisic acid ; dehydration ; LEA ; water stress ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A cDNA clone (pMA2005) of a Group 3 LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) protein has been sequenced from wheat. The wheat cDNA clone codes for a protein with ten tandem repeats of an 11 amino acid sequence and has homology to other Group 3 LEAs reported in barley, carrot, cotton and rape (L. Dure et al., Plant Mol Biol 12: 475–486, 1989). The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that the wheat protein has a molecular weight of 23 000 and is a basic, hydrophilic protein. Northern analysis with the cDNA clone shows that dehydration of wheat shoot tissue results in increased transcript levels that correlate with increases in endogenous ABA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016078
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A novel proline-rich protein from wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 663-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; proline-rich protein ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A cDNA (WPRP1) encoding a wheat proline-rich protein has been isolated and sequenced. The amino acid composition shows 45% proline, with high levels of methionine, lysine and glutamic acid. The derived 378 residue amino acid sequence has a highly repetitive structure which is unlike those of other proline-rich proteins. The WPRP1 cDNA clone was used to determine the copy number and chromosomal location of the WPRP1 gene by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of wheat inbred lines. Although WPRP1 is encoded by a single-copy gene it is also a representative of a larger family of related sequences. RNA gel blot analysis showed that expression of WPRP1 is highest in rapidly growing tissue which together with its amino acid composition suggests a structural role for the encoded protein.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023430
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A wheat glutathione-S-transferase gene with transposon-like sequences in the promoter region (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 1089-1091 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): wheat ; glutathione-S-transferase ; transposon-like sequence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016083
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleotide sequence of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cDNA clone encoding the waxy protein (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 1099-1101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; cDNA clone ; waxy protein
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016086
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure and sequence of a wheat phosphoribulokinase gene (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 167-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): chloroplast ; monocot gene ; phosphoribulokinase ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036823
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleotide sequence of a Triticum aestivum cDNA clone which is homologous to the 26 kDa chloroplast-localized heat shock protein gene of maize (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 255-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Tahsp26.6 ; chloroplast-localized HSP ; Triticum aestivum L. ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039500
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inferred chromosome morphology of the ancestral genome ofTriticum (1984)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 144 (1984), S. 209-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticum ; Elytrigia ; wheat ; Evolution ; genome ; karyotype
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The lengths of the A, B, and D genomes of common wheat,Triticum aestivum, were measured from the karyotype. Relative to the B genome, standardized as length 1.000, the lengths of the A and D genomes were 0.835 and 0.722, respectively. The lengths of the chromosome arms in the A and D genomes were then multiplied by the appropriate constants so that the total lengths of each genome also equalled 1.000. These calculations revealed that homoeologous chromosomes in wheat, with a few exceptions, have similar sizes and arm ratios. The arm lengths of the three homoeologues in each homoeologous group were then averaged. These average chromosomes turned out to be remarkably similar, in size and arm ratio, to their homoeologues in the E genome ofElytrigia elongata. This evidence and data on cross-compatibility and morphological characteristics suggested that the genusTriticum is a result of adaptive radiation from the perennial genusElytrigia, specifically from the complex of species possessing the E genome or one closely related to it.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984134
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Purified Ribulose-P2 carboxylase from wheat with high specific activity and with fast activation (1984)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 5 (1984), S. 47-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): ribulose-P2 ; carboxylase ; wheat ; high specific activity ; fast activation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018374
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nutritive value of protein fractions extracted from soybean, rapeseed and wheat flours in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 34 (1984), S. 243-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Schlagwort(e): nutritive value ; protein fractions ; rapeseed ; soybean ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The nutritive value of various protein fractions was studied. Fractions 2S and 12S from rapeseed, 2S, 7S and 11S from soybean were obtained by dissolution in ammonium sulfate solutions. Albumin-globulin, gluten, glutenin and gliadin fractions from wheat were obtained by dissolution in salted water (albumin-globulin), acetic acid (glutenin) and alcohol (gliadin). Liveweight gains, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) were used as measures of the nutritive value. The protein fractions had a lower nutritive value than the unfractionated proteins except for the albumin-globulin fraction of wheat which had a nutritive value higher than that of the unfractionated wheat protein. PER obtained with the rapeseed 2S and 12S fractions were 2.49 and 2.21, respectively, as compared to 2.64 for unfractionated rapeseed. With soybean fractions, PER were 0.92 for 2S, — 0.007 for 7S and 1.47 for 11S, as compared to 2.19 for the original protein. The wheat albumin-globulin fraction gave a PER of 2.78, as compared to 1.45 for the unfractionated wheat protein. Gluten, glutenin and gliadin fractions had a lower PER than that of unfractionated wheat protein. ADC of all fractions were higher than those of the original proteins. The difference in liveweight gains and PER observed between protein fractions can be partially explained on the basis of the essential amino acid content.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01126553
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of bacterial cyanide production in differential reaction of plant cultivars to deleterious rhizosphere pseudomonads (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 133 (1991), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): cultivars ; growth inhibition ; hydrogen cyanide ; lettuce ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; volatile metabolites ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Lettuce and wheat cultivars, differing in reaction to root inoculation with plant growth-inhibitory bacteria, were tested for sensitivity to (i) gaseous metabolites produced by deleterious, cyanogenic isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and to (ii) pure cyanide. Reactions were read as shoot and/or root elongation after exposure of seedlings to the volatiles in vitro. Lettuce cultivar Salad Bowl was significantly less sensitive than cv. Montana, both to bacterial volatiles and to pure cyanide, and a similar difference between these cultivars was also obtained in greenhouse experiments where bacteria were inoculated directly on the roots. Cultivar differences were, however, not recorded, either in vitro or in the greenhouse, when the bacteria were grown on a medium which did not support cyanide production. In wheat, a difference in sensitivity to bacteria-produced volatiles was recorded between two cultivars (Drabant and Besso) differing in reaction to bacterial inoculation, but in contrast to lettuce cultivars, the wheat cultivars tested did not react differentially to pure cyanide. The results suggest that in lettuce differential sensitivity to cyanide is one factor behind cultivar differences in reaction to the bacteria tested, even though bacterial metabolites other than cyanide may contribute to the plant growth inhibition recorded. In wheat, however, differential cultivar responses to these bacteria could not be shown to be related to cyanide.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011903
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Resistance of Triticum dicoccoides to infection with Erysiphe graminis tritici (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Truticum dicoccoides ; wild emmer wheat ; Erysiphe graminis tritici ; powdery mildew ; resistance ; Israel ; germplasm ; wheat ; collection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The reactions of 233 Triticum dicoccoides acessions, collected at 10 sites in Israel and elsewhere, to infection with cultures of Erysiphe graminis tritici, were determined. The reactions indicated that the number of sources of resistance to E. graminis tritici which can be obtained from T. dicoccoides plants growing wild in Israel and elsewhere is almost unlimited. One hundred and fourteen or 49% of the accessions were resistant, and 137 or 59% of the accessions were resistant or moderately resistant to infection with four cultures of E. graminis tritici which possess the virulence genes corresponding to most of the identified resistance genes in wheat. Accessions collected at sites with marginal habitats where T. dicoccoides grows poorly and has lower grain weight, were more susceptible than were accessions collected at sites with an optimal habitat for growth of T. dicoccoides. The results agreed with those in a previous study with Hordeum spontaneum, and indicate that to obtain H. spontaneum or T. dicoccoides accessions with the highest level of resistance to the powdery mildew pathogens, plants should be collected at sites in ecological and geographic regions where those two species occupy optimum habitats and are exposed to the powdery mildew pathogens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022748
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yield responses by modern wheat genotypes to phosphate fertilizer and their implications for breeding (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; grain yield ; phosphate response ; height ; harvest index
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The response to phosphate fertilizer by modern wheat genotypes was examined in the field under natural rainfall in three seasons. Models were developed which show that grain yield was positively correlated with biological yield and harvest index. In one of the seasons, which was relatively dry, shorter statured wheats gave higher yields at each level of applied phosphate. Higher levels of phosphate tended to offset the reduction in yield associated with late heading and the importance of biological yield on grain yield. The genotypes which produced the largest number of grains m-2 produced the highest yields. Implications for plant breeding programs are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022753
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic and cytogenetic studies with a male sterile mutant of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; male sterility ; meiotic analyses ; gene mapping
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Genetic and cytogenetic studies were done on a male sterile mutant of the wheat variety ‘Probus’. Association of the 4A chromosome carrying the ms gene was studied in the F1 of the male sterile ‘Probus’ with ‘Chinese Spring’ ditelo 4AS, with ‘Transec’ and with line ‘T4AS-DRS’ respectively. The presumption that the genetic male sterility of the mutant was due to a terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4A could be confirmed. Linkage studies showed that the ms gene was at 17 map units from the dwarfing gene (Rht3) of ‘Minister dwarf’. This allows selection of short male sterile plants at the seedling stage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022756
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    SDS-PAGE of the high-molecular-weight subunits of wheat glutenin and the characterization of 1R (1B) substitution and 1BL/1RS translocation lines (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; glutenin ; high molecular-weight subunits of glutenin ; SDS-PAGE ; 1R(1B) substitution identification ; 1BL/1RS translocation identification ; bread-making quality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The high-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin from wheat 1R(1B) substitution and 1BL/1RS translocation lines were fractionated by SDS-PAGE. Two new subunits denoted R1 and R2 were characterized in 1R(1B) substitution, but not in 1BL/1RS translocation lines. R1 and R2 were proved to be rye proteins by 2d electrophoresis (NEPHGE x SDS-PAGE). In contrast to literature citations it was demonstrated that the cultivar Winnetou is a 1R(1B) substitution line and the cultivars Clement and Mildress both are 1BL/1RS translocation lines.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022742
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Resistance to powdery mildew in wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides Körn.) (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 273-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Erysiphe graminis tritici ; powdery mildew ; Triticum dicoccoides ; wild emmer ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Wild emmer from 73 collection sites, including 107 accessions from Israel, two from Lebanon and one from Turkey, were evaluated for resistance to powdery mildew in field nurseries in Israel and the Netherlands. The wild emmer entries displayed a diversity of responses to powdery mildew infection, ranging from high resistance to complete susceptibility. Most entries were resistant in at least one of the nurseries; several entries proved to be resistant in all the tests. Comparing the reactions of 47 wild emmer accessions tested in six nurseries, 11 markedly different patterns were discerned, indicating the probable presence of several different resistance genes. Genes for resistance to powdery mildew appear to be very common in wild emmer indigenous to Israel. Resistance was found in accessions from most collection sites, in all the geographic regions represented in the collection. The common occurrence of resistance and the apparent diversity of genotypes makes wild emmer a rich gene-pool for resistance to powdery mildew. Since genes for resistance to wheat pathogens can be quite readily transferred to cultivated wheat, wild emmer may be utilized as a valuable source of powdery mildew resistance in wheat breeding.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021122
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variation for root traits and their genetic control in spring wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 59 (1991), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; root ; combining ability ; correlation ; dry matter ; variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Wheat root characters which influence vital plant processes have scarcely been explored for their genetic control. This study was conducted to i) examine the diversity of root traits and associated shoot traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars; ii) study the nature of genetic control of selected traits; and iii) examine associations among root and shoot traits. Three experiments were conducted in the greenhouse with plants grown in the vermiculite medium in clear plastic tubes. In the first experiment, 42 spring wheat cultivars were grown for three weeks and measurements were taken on root length, leaf length, root number, leaf number, root dry weight, and top dry weight. In the second study, 15F1's originating from a partial diallel mating of six cultivars along with the parents were evaluated for 4 weeks. The data on root length, leaf length, and root number were subjected to diallel analysis according to Griffing's method 4, fixed model. A third experiment consisted of studying 2 F2 populations with 141 plants per population. In the first study the 42 cultivars exhibited a wide range of variation for all six traits. Diallel analysis revealed significant effects of both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for root length, leaf length, and root number. Parents with high GCA estimates were identified. Significant positive correlation coefficients were found among root and shoot traits. Analysis of F2's for root length indicated quantitative nature of inheritance of root length.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025355
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hybridization barriers between wheat and rye: In vitro pollen assays and electrophoretic survey (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 52 (1991), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; hybridization ; pollen-tube-growth ; wide-crosses
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Five- to seven-day-old ovaries from Triticum aestivum vars Hope (non-crossable), Chinese Spring (CS, crossable) and the chromosomal substitution line Chinese Spring/Hope 5B (CS/H5B) were used to test the hypothesis that an ovarian substance inhibits rye (Secale cereale var Wrens) pollen tube growth. In vitro assays on a semi-solid medium demonstrated that a soluble, dialyzed lysate from Hope or CS/H5B ovaries inhibited rye pollen tube elongation significantly more than a similar lysate from CS ovaries (26%, 13% and 5% respectively compared to controls). When only the 20 longest tubes from each sample were included in the analysis the relationship was maintained (33%, 22% and 15% for Hope, CS/H5B and CS respectively). Heating the Hope lysate at 100° C for 10 min reduced the inhibition from 26% to 14% for all pollen tubes measured (n = 51 per sample) and from 33% to 20% when only the 20 longest pollen tubes per sample were analyzed. Isoelectric focusing followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis (IEF/SDS-PAGE) and non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) revealed several differences in the polypeptide profiles of soluble lysates from vars Hope, CS and CS/H5B. While two striking differences were observed, a 50 kilodalton (kD) polypeptide with an isoelectric point (pI) of approximately 8.5 and 100 kD polypeptide (pI∼4) from CS lysates which were considerably reduced in lysates of Hope and CS/H5B, none were obviously associated with the Hope 5B chromosome and therefore cross-incompatibility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029390
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crossability of some bread wheat landraces and improved cultivars from western Himalayas with rye (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 53 (1991), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; crossability ; Himalayas
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Crossability of 62 bread wheat accessions (14 landraces from Himachal Pradesh and 48 others) was examined with rye. The 3 rye cultivars did not differ in their relative crossability with 4 of the wheat accessions studied. On the other hand, the wheat cultivars differed greatly among themselves in their crossability with rye. Most of the wheat cultivars showed poor (〈10%) crossability. Two of the 14 landraces from Himachal Pradesh were found to be free from the crossability inhibitors as they showed very high (〉50%) crossability, whereas none of the other 48 cultivars studied was so.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023794
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Major gene control of tolerance of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to high concentrations of soil boron (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 55 (1991), S. 217-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): boron ; inheritance ; tolerance ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The genetic control of tolerance of wheat to high concentrations of soil boron was studied for five genotypes. Each genotype represented one of five categories of response to high levels of boron, ranging from very sensitive to tolerant. Tolerance to boron was expressed as a partially dominant character, although the response of an F1 hybrid, relative to the parents, varied with the level of boron applied. The F1 hybrids responded similarly to the more tolerant parent at low B treatments and intermediate to the parents at higher treatments. Ratios consistent with monogenic segregation were observed for the F2 and F3 generations for the combinations (WI*MMC) × Kenya Farmer, Warigal × (WI*MMC) and Halberd × Warigal. The three genes, Bo1, Bo2 and Bo3, while transgressive segregation between two tolerant genotypes, G61450 and Halberd, suggested a fourth locus controlling tolerance to boron.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021242
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pedigree analysis of the origin of manganese tolerance in Canadian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 56 (1991), S. 107-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Canada ; genotypic differences ; manganese toxicity ; manganese tolerance ; origin ; pedigree ; screening ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Breeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for tolerance to manganese (Mn) might be in some cases more feasible and economical than use of soil amendments. As part of research on the heritability of Mn tolerance, a study on the level of Mn tolerance in Canadian wheat cultivars and its probable origin was accomplished by analysis of cultivar pedigrees and drawing phylogenetic maps to discern filial relationships. Cultivar tolerance to Mn was determined by relative root weight (RRW) in solution culture in the presence of 500 μM Mn. A total of 91 cultivars were screened, 76 of which were Canadian. These data, together with data from another 28 cultivars reported in the literature, were used to draw two pedigree maps, a map for Canadian cultivars only, and a map for the Mn-tolerant Canadian cultivars Norquay and Laura. Results indicated a range of tolerance to Mn among Canadian cultivars. Manganese tolerance, found in either Canadian or foreign germplasm, and of either recent or older selection or origin, seems to have originated from land races from Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. Tolerance may have been introduced into Canadian germplasm directly by the use of Brazilian cultivars as parents, or indirectly by the introduction of Mexican germplasm with Brazilian parentages. This information will help the plant breeder to develop plant breeding systems, and may also help in the study of the mechanisms for Mn tolerance in wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042053
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Greenhouse evaluation of red winter wheats for resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia, Mordvilko) (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 57 (1991), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Diuraphis noxia ; Russian wheat aphid ; host plant resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia, Mordvilko) (RWA) is responsible for significant economic damage to cereal crops in arid and semi-arid environments. In this research 20 red winter wheats originating from Iran were evaluated for resistance to RWA. Leaf rolling, leaf folding, and leaf chlorosis were measured using 0 to 3 scales. An overall mean damage score was calculated as the average of the three measured damage symptoms. Plants from seven central Asian accessions (PI222666, PI222668, PI225226, PI225267, PI225271, PI243630, and PI243642) had mean damage scores significantly lower (p 〈 0.001) than ‘Stephens’ wheat (RWA susceptible) and not significantly different from ‘Border’ oat (RWA resistant). These results are consistent with previous studies which found a high frequency of resistant wheats collected from the central Asian region.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039668
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Breeding for hard red winter wheat cultivars adapted to conventional-till and no-till systems in northern latitudes (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 58 (1991), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; cold hardiness ; cultivar x tillage interaction ; tillage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Conservation tillage in the Great Plains of North America has increased in recent years, in part, to control soil erosion, increase soil water storage and reduce production costs. No-till production is recommended for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in northern latitudes for the purpose of trapping snow and protecting the crop from freezing temperatures. A 5 year field study was conducted at four North Dakota locations from 1984–85 through 1988–89 to determine if significant cultivar x tillage interactions existed for grain yield of winter wheat. Fourteen hard red winter wheat cultivars were planted in both conventional-till and no-till systems. Significant cultivar x tillage interactions were obtained for grain yield from both a weighted analysis across all environments and from individual analyses of 12 of the 16 environments in which wheat survived under both tillage systems (P〈0.05). Regression of cultivar yield on mean environment yield produced b values that varied little between conventional till and no-till for 10 of the 14 cultivars. The top five yielding cultivars were the same for both tillage systems and had b values 〉 1.0. Although the cultivar x tillage interaction may be a result of differential winter survival rather than tillage per se, this study suggests that selection for winter wheats with superior yield performance can be conducted under either no-till or conventional-till systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035340
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genes for resistance to stripe rust in four spring wheat varieties (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 58 (1991), S. 171-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust ; stripe rust ; host plant resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Four spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties differing in origin and reaction in the seedling stage to pathotype CDL-6 (extant in California) were intercrossed and examined in greenhouse conditions in F1, F2, and F3 generations. Digenic and transgressive segregation was found in all crosses. The four varieties each had infection types (1 immune, 9 susceptible) and putative resistance genes as follows: ‘Anza’, IT 7, YrA; ‘Glennson 81’, IT 2, Yr9; ‘Yecora Rojo’, IT 6, YrC; and ‘Ollanta’, IT 4–6, YrL. ‘Anza’ was classified as susceptible, ‘Yecora Rojo’ and ‘Ollanta’ as intermediate in seedling resistance, and ‘Glennson 81’ as resistant in the seedling stage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022818
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vitro culture variation of wheat and rye caused by genes affecting plant growth habit in vivo (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 61 (1991), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; day-length insensitivity ; semi-dwarfness ; tissue culture response
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The influence of genes affecting the ‘plant growth habit’ in wheat (Rht8 and Ppd1) and rye (ct1 and ct2) on tissue culture response was studied using immature embryos. Whereas the semi-dwarfing gene Rht8 seems to promote only a minor effect, the day-length sensitive allele ppd1 determined a major increase in callus growth and regeneration ability. With regards to their tissue culture efficiency, the four alleles studied could be ranked as follows: ppd1〉Rht8〉rht8〉Ppd1. In contrast to wheat, the GA insensitive semi-dwarfing genes of rye (ct1 and ct2) appear not to influence in vitro response.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039663
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Organic nitrogen content and nitrate and nitrite reductase activities in tritordeum and wheat grown under nitrate or ammonium (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 135 (1991), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): nitrate reductase ; nitrite reductase ; organic nitrogen ; tritordeum ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Tritordeum is a fertile amphiploid derived from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. conv. durum) × a wild barley (Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schultz.). The organic nitrogen content of tritordeum grain (34 mg g-1 DW) was significantly higher than that of its wheat parent (25 mg g-1 DW). Leaf and root nitrogen content became higher in tritordeum than in wheat after four weeks of growth, independently of the nitrogen source (either NO3 - or NH4 +). Under NO3 - nutrition, tritordeum generally exhibited higher levels of nitrate reductase (NR) activity than wheat. Nitrite reductase (NiR) levels were however lower in tritordeum than in its wheat parent. In NH4 +-grown plants, both NR and NiR activities progressively decreased in the two species, becoming imperceptible after 3 to 5 weeks of growth. Results indicate that, in addition to a higher rate of NO3 - reduction, other physiological factors must be responsible for the greater accumulation of organic nitrogen in tritordeum grain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010913
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chlorophyll content and leaf elongation rate in wheat seedlings as a measure of manganese tolerance (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 136 (1991), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): chlorophyll ; genotypic differences ; leaf elongation rate ; Mn toxicity ; Mn tolerance ; screening ; Triticum aestivum L. ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract After aluminum toxicity, manganese (Mn) toxicity is probably the second most important growth limiting factor in acid soils. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using chlorophyll content and leaf elongation rate (LER) for regrowth of Mn stressed seedlings as a rapid seedling based screening bioassay for Mn tolerance in segregating populations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In one experiment, chlorophyll was determined for the cultivars Norquay (Mn-tolerant) and Columbus (Mn-sensitive) subjected to twelve Mn levels (2 to 2000 μM) in nutrient solutions. As Mn concentration increased, chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ contents of the Mn-tolerant cultivar decreased up to 9%, while in the Mn-sensitive cultivar it was reduced by as much as 43%. The chlorophyll ‘a/b’ ratio did not differ among Mn concentrations for either cultivar. In a second experiment, chlorophyll content and LER for regrowth of Mn stressed seedlings (1000 μM) was determined for Columbus and Katepwa (Mn-sensitive), Oslo (Mn-intermediate), and Norquay and Laura (Mn-tolerant). Manganese tolerance as assayed by chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ and LER was significantly correlated with Mn tolerance as assayed by the relative root weight methodology (RRW). Thus, chlorophyll content of Mn-stressed seedlings and LER of seedling regrowth appear to be suitable techniques for screening unreplicated selections of segregating populations for tolerance to Mn.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02465214
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of magnesium in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in relation to supply (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 136 (1991), S. 183-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): diagnosis ; distribution ; magnesium deficiency ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The aims of this study were to describe the distribution of magnesium (Mg) and its retranslocation within wheat, in order to develop diagnostic procedures for Mg deficiency. Plants were grown in solution culture with both constant supply (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 μMMg) and discontinued supply (40 μM and 160 μM decreased to nil). Magnesium was depleted from old leaves when Mg supply to the roots was halted. However, initial deficiency symptoms occurred on young leaves under constant but inadequate supply, contrasting with previous reports. Magnesium concentrations were also lower in young leaves compared to old leaves. Symptoms of yellowing and necrosis occurred if the leaf tissue contained 〈1194 μgg−1, irrespective of leaf age. The minimum Mg concentration in whole shoots associated with maximum shoot weight was 932 μgg−1; for the youngest emerged blade (YEB) it was 861 μgg−1. Symptoms were apparent on the young leaf before a reduction in shoot weight was measurable. The concentration of Mg in the YEB and whole shoot were better related to solution Mg concentration than was the Mg concentration in the old leaf.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150049
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The fate of carbon in pulse-labelled crops of barley and wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 136 (1991), S. 205-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): barley ; carbon ; 14C ; exudates ; partitioning ; respiration ; rhizodeposition ; root ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Wheat (cv. Gutha) and barley (cv. O'Connor) were grown as field crops on a shallow duplex soil (sand over clay) in Western Australia with their root systems contained within pvc columns. At four stages during growth, the shoots were pulse-labelled for 1.5h with14CO2; immediately prior to labelling, the soil was isolated from the shoot atmosphere by pvc sheets. After labelling, the soil atmosphere was pumped through NaOH to trap respired CO2 and after 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 24 h from the start of labelling, columns were destructively sampled to recover14C from the roots, soil and shoot. Both species showed similar patterns of14C distribution and changes in distribution through the growing season. During early tillering, 15–25% of the14C recovered after 24 h had been respired by the roots and rhizosphere, 17–27% was retained in the roots, 0.4–1.8% was recovered as water-soluble14C in the soil and the remainder (45–67%) was present in the shoot. These percentages changed during growth so that during grain filling only 2–3% of the14C recovered after 24 h was as respired CO2, 2–6% was in the roots, 0.2% was in the soil and over 90% was in the shoot. The distribution of14C in components of the soil-plant system changed during the 24 h after labelling with the most rapid changes occurring generally during the first 7.5 h after labelling. Using growth measurements from adjacent plots, the amounts of C added to the soil were estimated for the whole season. Carbon input to the soil was about 48 gC m−2 for wheat and 58 gC m−2 for barley; the crops produced total shoot dry matter of 494 (wheat) and 735 g m−2 (barley). Of the C input to the soil, 27.8% (wheat) and 40.3% (barley) was as respired C and only 3.3 (wheat) and 4.1% (barley) was collected as exudate (water-soluble material).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150051
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temperature as a component of the expression of developmental responses in wheat (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 91-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; near-isogenic lines ; chromosome substitution lines ; vernalization ; photoperiod, ear emergence ; basic development rate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Studies were made of days to ear emergence under the constant temperatures of 9, 14, 19 and 25°C and 16 h photoperiod in three sets of wheat lines each possessing genotypes differing for developmental responses. Days to ear emergence in three near-isogenic lines of the wheat cultivar Triple Dirk, which differed for vernalization response, increased as the strength of the response increased. At the four temperatures Triple Dirk D (Vrn 1 vrn 2) was not significantly different from normal Triple Dirk (Vrn 1 Vrn 2) but Triple Dirk B (vrn 1 Vrn 2) was significantly (P=0.01) later than normal Triple Dirk at each temperature. This indicates that the vrn 1 allele confers stronger vernalization response than vrn 2 over the range of temperatures (9–24°C). However, Triple Dirk C (vrn 1 vrn 2) failed to head after 120 days at each temperature indicating strong interaction between vrn 1 and vrn 2 with each other (and possibly the Triple Dirk back-ground) to give a much stronger vernalization response than predictions from additivity of their individual effects. The second set comprised the four Chinese Spring/Thatcher chromosome substitution lines CS/T 3B, 6B, 7B and 5D, plus Chinese Spring and Thatcher, and were grown in the unvernalized condition. CS/T 5D was similar in days to ear emergence as Chinese Spring at all four temperatures but the other three lines were earlier to ear emergence, particularly as the temperature increased. Days to ear emergence was fastest at 14°C in all lines, except CS/T 3B, in which it decreased progressively from 9 to 24°C. The third set of Chinese Spring and Thatcher and the homoeologous group 2 chromosomes of Thatcher substituted in Chinese Spring, the group which is considered to be involved in the control of photoperiod sensitivity. The three substitution lines responded differently to temperature compared with Chinese Spring and with each other, with chromosome 2D being the least, and chromosome 2B the most, responsive to temperature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022754
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transgressive segregation for resistance to yellow rust in wheat (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 123-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; durable resistance ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust of wheat ; race-specific resistance ; race-non-specific resistance ; trangressive segregation ; stripe rust
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Crosses were made between wheat varieties Joss Cambier, Nord Desprez and Maris Bilbo, all classified as susceptible to yellow rust in field tests, and between Cappelle Desprez and Maris Huntsman, both classified as moderately and durably resistant. Selection for resistance to yellow rust among the progeny was carried out using races of Puccinia striiformis able to overcome all the known race-specific components of resistance in both parents of each cross. Lines with greater resistance than in both parents were obtained from each cross, those with greatest resistance being obtained from the cross between the moderately resistant parents. Three lines selected for resistance from the cross of Joss Cambier with Nord Desprez and one from the cross of Cappelle Desprez with Maris Huntsman, together with the parents, were tested in the field with 12 races of P. striiformis. Nord Desprez possessed a previously undetected race-specific component. The selected lines also displayed race-specific resistance, some of which was clearly related to race-specificity of the parents, and a component of resistance, greater than in both parents, that was effective against all 12 races. The possible origin and potential durability of this transgressive level of resistance is discussed. It is suggested that such transgressive resistance is more likely to be durable if it is derived from parents that have shown durable resistance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022758
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selection for white kernel color in the progeny of red/white wheat crosses (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; selection ; inbreeding ; maternal inheritance ; kernel color
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Data are presented which support early generation selection for white kernel color in the progeny of red/white kernel wheat crosses which are segregating at 12 or more loci for yield (or any other trait of interest). The optimum generation for selecting white kernels is determined by the frequency of seeds produced with the potential to produce plants having desired quantitative alleles from both parents, and by the frequency of white kernels produced. The F2-produced seed (F3 embryo) is shown to be the optimum generation for selecting white kernels, given that 12 or more loci are segregating for a quantitative character such as yield. When the red parent is a 2 or 3 loci red genotype, selection among F4-produced seed for white kernel color may be desirable when 5 or fewer genes are segregating for the second trait. The results have direct application for all highly heritable, recessive, sporophytic traits.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022770
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stability analysis over seasons and locations of multilines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; multilines ; recurrent parents ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Three multilines each of Kalyansona and PV 18 varieties of wheat were compared for their stability of yield and agronomic characters and disease resistance against the respective recurrent parents. The experiments were conducted for four years at nine locations. The multilines had more tillers and bolder seeds than the recurrent parents. There were, however, no differences for plant height, ear length and number of spikelets per spike. The genotypes x years x locations interaction was much more important than genotypes x years or genotypes x locations interaction as well as the main effects for genotypes. It is suggested that the number of test locations should be increased while decreasing the number of years. The stability parameters indicated that the multilines had a higher mean yield in the case of Kalyansona multilines whereas the yield of multilines of PV 18 was not significantly inferior to that of the recurrent parent. The regression coefficients were very close to unity except for KSML 3 (b=1.132). The deviations from regression were much larger for the multilines than for the recurrent parents. For rust resistance the multilines were superior over the varieties Kalyansona and PV 18.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021149
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of hard white winter wheats for a hard red winter wheat region (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 865-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; breeding ; grain yield ; grain quality ; preharvest sprouting
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Hard white winter wheat (HWWW) occupies a very limited area of the USA, but its purported advantages suggest that its production in the major hard red winter wheat (HRWW) region may be feasible. Objectives of our investigations were to develop experimental HWWW lines that combined desirable attributes-grain yield, functional grain quality, and resistance to preharvest sprouting-in single genotypes for comparison with popular cultivars in the major US RHWW region. Forty-four lines from seven parental combinations were tested in randomized complete block designs at three Kansas locations during the 1981–82 and 1982–83 seasons. Agronomic traits, grain yield, grain quality, and preharvest sprouting were measured. Plant characteristics and grain yield were similar in the HWWW experimental lines and the HRWW check cultivar, Newton. Mean grain SDS-sedimentation value and grain protein content of most experimental lines equaled or exceeded that of the check. Dough mixing times frequently were shorter for the experimental lines than for the check cultivar, whereas loaf volumes were greater. Falling number usually was similar in all geneotypes, but α-amylase was higher in field-harvested grain of white lines than the check; both measures were more favorable than grain trade standards. We concluded that production of high yielding, high quality hard white winter wheat genotypes is feasible in the US ‘breakbasket’.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021914
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Components of variation, heritabilities and correlations for indices of sprouting tolerance and seed dormancy in Triticum spp. (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 52 (1991), S. 221-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum ; wheat ; sprouting tolerance ; dormancy ; variation ; heritability ; correlation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Germination of wheat (Triticum spp) kernels prior to harvest reduces the economic value of grain. Losses attributable to pre-harvest sprouting could be reduced by developing sprouting tolerant (ST) cultivars if heritable variation exists for this trait. Objectives of this study were to compare various assays that measure ST, seed dormancy (SD), and alpha-amylase activity, and to divide the total variation for these traits into parts relating to genetic differences, genotype-year interaction, and residual variation. Twenty-six hexaploid wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) (eight red-kernelled and eighteen white-kernelled), and three white-kernelled tetraploid wheat genotypes (T. turgidum L. var. durum) were subjected to various assays that measure ST, SD, and alpha-amylase production using artificial wetting treatments. Genotype effects accounted for 44% to 90% of the phenotypic variation. The genetic component of variation, when expressed as a proportion of the total variation, was 2 to 6 times greater than the proportion attributable to error. Heritability expressed on a genotype mean basis was highly significant for all variables and ranged from 0.59 to 0.93. The phenotypic correlation for any ST or SD trait or alpha-amylase activity measured on samples collected at two dates (T1 and T2 = T1+14 days) was highly significant and positive. The phenotypic correlation matrix among assays performed on the unthreshed spikes, germination tests and alpha-amylase activity at both T1 and T2 were positive and highly significant. Increased ST is an attainable objective, and direct selection for ST using an artificial wetting treatment is an appropriate breeding strategy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029399
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparison of methods for identifying and surveying the presence of 1BL.1RS translocations in bread wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 54 (1991), S. 45-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triucum aestivum ; wheat ; storage protein ; bread-making quality ; N-banding PA ; subtilisin inhibitor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Four methods for detecting 1BL. 1RS translocations in bread wheat have been compared winter wheat cultivars: N-banding of mitotic metaphase chromosomes, sodium lactate electrophoresis at pH 3.1, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophorests under conditions, and a recently characterised protein, subtilisin inhibitor, separated by isoelectric N-banding was much the most labour intensive method, and, of the three electrophoretic recommend the use of subtilisin inhibitor, which is at least as easy to interpret as the other is often faster for screening purposes. The sources of the 1BL. 1RS translocation in this matenal Avrora. Kavkaz and Skorospelka 35, which have been extensively used as parents in breeding programmes. Out of 59 cultivars that include a line carrying the 1BL. 1RS pedigree. 23 of them did not carry the translocation; thus the effect on plant phenotype of insufficient to guarantee its selection during breeding.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145630
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mass selection of wheat for grain filling without transient photosynthesis (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 54 (1991), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; drought resistance ; yield ; selection ; grain filling ; kernel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Post-anthesis chemical desiccation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants in the field eliminates transtent photosynthesis by killing all green tissues, thus revealing the plant's capacity for grain filling from stored stem reserves, as the case is for post-anthesis stress such as drought or leaf diseases. This study was conducted to investigate whether mass selection for large kernels under chemical desiccation would lead to the improve ment of grain filling in the absence of transient photosynthesis. Six crosses of common spring wheat were subjected to three cycles of mass selection from F2 through F1 when selection was performed for large kernels by sieving grains from plants that were erther chemically desiccated after anthesis, or not (controls). The resulting 36 bulks (six crosses by three selection cycles by two selection environments) were compared with their respective F2 base populations, when tested with and without chemical desiccation. Selection for large kernels under potential conditions (without chemical desiccation) did not improve kernel weight under potnetial conditions, evidently because these materials were lacking in genetic variation for kernel weight under potential conditions. In four of the crosses, 3rd cycle selection for large kernels under potential conditions decreased kernel weight under chemical desiccation. On the other hand, selection for large kernels under chemical desiccation was effective in improving kernel weight and test weight under chemical desiccation, depending on the cross and the selection cycle, with no genetic shift in mean days to heading or mean plant height. Selection for large kernels under chemical desiccation was also effective in some cases in increasing kernel weight under potential conditions. The results are interpreted to show that selection under potential conditions and under chemical desiccation operate on two different sources for grain filling, namely transient photosynthesis and stem reserve utilization, respectively. In order to expose genetic variability for stem reserve utilization to selection pressure, transient photosynthesis must be eliminated, as done by chemical desiccation in this study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145637
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gliadin allele composition of Yugoslav winter wheat cultivars (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 54 (1991), S. 285-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; gliadins ; APAGE ; multiple allelism ; variation ; Yugoslavia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The complete gliadin allele composition of 57 Yugoslav common winter wheat cultivars was studied. Large differences were found in gliadin genotypes among cultivars bred at different Yugoslav breeding centres as well as between early and recent wheats bred in the Novi Sad breeding centre. Yugoslav wheats have limited variation in gliadin alleles, of which Gli-A1a, Gli-B1b, Gli-B1l, Gli-D1b, Gli-A2e, Gli-B2b, Gli-D2a are shown to be the most frequent. Examples of favoured alleles to new cultivars are described. 40% of the studied wheat cultivars have natural biotypes differing in gliadin allele composition. The frequency of cultivars with the biotypes differs greatly among breeding centres.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023005
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of resistance of triticale, wheat and spelt to septoria nodorum blotch at the seedling and adult plant stages (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 55 (1991), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): adult plant resistance ; seedling resistance ; Septoria nodorum ; septoria nodorum blotch ; X Triticosecale ; triticale ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; T. spelta ; spelt
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary On average, the cereal species studied were susceptible to septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), except for spring triticale on leaf and head and winter titicale on leaf, that appeared to be significantly more resistant, than the other ones. In all three species the SNB response of the adult plants was to a limited extent only predicted by the reaction on first leaf seedlings. In most cases it was impossible to predict the response to SNB of adult plants on the basis of seedling reaction. Correlations between the adult plant stage and the seedling stage, or detached seedling leaves, appears not to be sufficient for use in practical breeding work. A reversal of reaction to SNB was even found between the above growth stages in studied spring and winter wheat varieties.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022558
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Combining ability analysis for harvest index in winter wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 55 (1991), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; harvest index ; diallel analysis ; genotypic and phenotypic correlations ; assimilate partitioning
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Cereal breeders have used harvest index (HI) as a selection criterion in segregating generations to identify physiologically superior lines with improved partitioning of total assimilate into grain. Information on combining ability for HI of the hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of the Southern Great Plains is not available. A study was undertaken to examine HI of seven genetically diverse winter wheat parents, evaluate their general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects, and study correlations of HI with several agronomic traits. The seven parents were crossed in a half-diallel mating design to produce 21 crosses. The F1's, their F2 progenies, and the parents were evaluated in replicated field tests at Stillwater and at Lahoma, OK. The combining ability analysis was performed using Griffing's Method 4, Model 1. The results showed significant variation among parents for HI. The GCA and the SCA effects were mostly inconsistent between generations and between environments. However, parents with consistently high HI and positive GCA estimates were identified. The progeny with high HI mostly resulted from parents with high GCA estimates. The correlations between HI and agronomic traits indicated that improvement in HI should also result in high grain yield, early maturity, and short plant height.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021243
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Additive and epistatic effects of allelic variation at the high molecular weight glutenin subunit loci in determining the bread-making quality of breeding lines of wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 55 (1991), S. 277-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): HMW glutenin subunits ; bread-making quality ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; epistasis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The relation has been studied between the high molecular weight glutenin (HMWg) subunit alleles and the bread-making quality of 226 lines of winter wheat (T. aestivum L.), grown in The Netherlands. The lines represented a wide range of genetic backgrounds, and had not been selected for quality, in contrast to the established varieties used by other authors. The variation in HMWg subunit genotypes accounted for about 20% of the total variation in loaf volume among the lines. Most important was the allelic variation at the Glu-D1 locus. The Glu-D1 allele encoding the subunits 5+10 was superior to its allelic counterpart, encoding 2+12. The difference in average of loaf volume between groups of lines containing 5+10 or 2+12 was negatively related with protein content of the flours. When protein content was below 9.2%, no effect of allelic variation at the Glu-D1 locus was present. Epistatic effects between the Glu-I loci also contributed to the variation in loaf volume of the lines: i.e. the effect of allelic variation at Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 depended on the allele present at the Glu-D1. The contribution of the epistatic effects was about half the contribution of the additive effects, and should therefore be included in predictive models for bread-making quality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021248
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wheats with purple and blue grains: a review (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 56 (1991), S. 243-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum species ; wheat ; grain colour ; genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary In addition to white and red grains, wheats with purple and blue grains may occur. Purple grain colour is caused by anthocyanins in the pericarp whereas blue colour is caused by anthocyanins in the aleurone layer. Purple grains occur in tetraploid wheats from Ethiopia, and in one bread wheat accession apparently native to China. Although the use of the purple and blue grain characters as markers has been suggested, their expression is often erratic, especially when heterozygous. No hexaploid wheat with blue grains was described prior to the artificial introgression of genes from diploid wheat and Agropyron species. The number of different sources of blue aleurone gene(s) from Agropyron elongatum is unknown. It is possible that with exchange between researchers the same or related accessions have been used at several research stations. Accessions of diploid wheats are known to possess blue aleurone. The breeding history of a number of purple and blue grained accessions is described. Research should indicate the source species of the gene for blue aleurone of the blue-grained Barevna.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042371
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genes for leaf rust resistance in Indian and Pakistani wheats tested with Mexican pathotypes of Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 57 (1991), S. 27-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia recondita tritici ; leaf rust ; rust resistance ; slow rusting
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Genes conferring low seedling reaction to Mexican pathotypes of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici in 71 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars from India and Pakistan were postulated. In total, 9 known and one unknown genes were identified, either singly or in combination: Lr1 (in 20 cultivars), Lr3 (5), Lr10 (21), Lr11 (1), Lr13 (43), Lr17 (5), Lr23 (14), Lr26 (2), Lr27 + Lr31 (2), and the unknown gene in 2 cultivars. Additional temperature-sensitive seedling resistance appeared to occur in 27 cultivars. This resistance in at least 15 cultivars appeared to be due to Lr34. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for these 27 cultivars indicated variable levels of adult plant resistance. Several other cultivars with high seedling infection types to one or more of the predominant field pathotypes were also partially resistant in the field. High levels of adult plant resistance occurred in some cultivars even in the absence of known seedling resistance genes with major effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040475
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of race and post infection temperature on two components of partial resistance to wheat leaf rust in seedlings of wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 58 (1991), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Adult plant resistance ; infection frequency ; latency period ; partial resistance ; Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici ; race-specificity ; temperature sensitivity ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; wheat leaf rust
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Components of partial resistance, infection frequency and latency period, were determined in 71 winter and spring wheat genotypes in the seedling stage, after infection with three races of leaf rust (‘Felix 3B’, ‘Clement B’ and ‘Betuwe 85C’) at three different day/night temperature regimes (24/18°C, 18/12°C and 12/6°C). The genotypes were split into two groups and two separate experiments were carried out. Five genotypes, SVP 84039, Akabozu, Banco, BH 1146 and Orso, conferred a low infection frequency and a long latency period and Westphal 12A a long latency period, indicating a relatively high level of partial resistance. The correlation coefficient between infection frequency and latency period was low. Race-specificity was not found. There was a significant temperature effect on the latency period. In the second experiment the temperature x genotype interaction was significant. Temperature-response functions of transformed data demonstrated that the latency periods of four relatively resistant genotypes, Westphal 12A, Banco, BH 1146 and Orso and of Sarno and Mirela were most sensitive to temperature. The range between the genotypes with the longest and the shortest latency period was highest at 12°C. Therefore, low temperature regimes are preferred to distinguish differences in level of partial resistance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035335
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An investigation of the relationship between the F1 potential and the measures of genetic distance among wheat lines (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 58 (1991), S. 165-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; choice of parents ; distance analysis ; standardized potence ; character selection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Three groups of characters selected using three methods were used to calculate genetic distance among two groups of winter wheat lines using Euclidean distance based on principal components. These wheat lines were then clustered by the unweighted pair-group arithmetic average method. The relationship between genetic distance and standardized potence was seemingly influenced by genetic materials. In order to obtain promising crosses, it is advisable to select parents from intercluster rather than intracluster materials. The results suggested that the repeatability method was better than the conventional and weighting methods for selecting characters for distance analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022817
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inhibition of tillering in cereals by substituted 2-phenoxypropionic acids (1991)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 10 (1991), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Schlagwort(e): tillering ; wheat ; barley ; rice ; 2-phenoxypropionic acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The properties of various mono- and di-substituted analogues of 2-phenoxypropionic acid as inhibitors of tillering were investigated on wheat, barley and rice. Highest levels of activity were shown by (R)2-Cl,5-Cl, (R)2-Cl,5-F, and (R)2-Cl,5-methyl analogues. Few or no signs of phytotoxic effects (leaf chlorosis or necrosis) were evident on wheat or barley following spray application of these compounds. Rice was both more susceptible to inhibition of tillering and phytotoxic effects. However, almost complete inhibition of tillering was achieved by application of some compounds to rice with little or no phytotoxicity. Comparisons were made between the properties of these compounds and commercially used phenoxyacetic and phenoxypropionic herbicides and plant growth regulators. Dichlorprop inhibited tillering in rice, fenoprop in wheat and rice, and fluroxypyr in wheat, all without phytotoxic effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024411
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of anther cold pretreatments and donor plant genotypes on in vitro androgenesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 3 (1984), S. 69-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): anther culture ; androgenesis ; cold pretreatment ; microspore ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cold pretreatments applied to excised anthers in liquid ‘potato 2’ medium proved to be unnecessary. Generally, cold pretreatments inhibited anther response and productivity as the duration was lengthened or as the pretreatment temperature was lowered. There were significant differences in response attributed to the anther donor genotype. Green and albino plants as well as ‘roots only’ have been regenerated from the spring wheat cultivars Sinton, Neepawa, Pitic 62 and DW 50. Most plants were haploid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035922
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wheat anther culture: effect of genotype and environmental conditions (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 24 (1991), S. 233-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): anther culture ; cultivars ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Twenty-two cultivars and lines of winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied, most for the first time, for their anther culture response. The response was genotype dependent. Plants grown in the field gave higher callus induction frequency than those grown in the greenhouse and the controlled environment chamber. Donor plants grown in a season of low drought stress as compared to a season of severe drought stress resulted in a higher frequency of callus induction. Spherical microcalli were observed in two wheat genotypes in some of only those anthers that were placed with only one loculus in contact with the medium. Wheat lines that were more responsive to anther culture were identified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033482
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adherence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to the cells of immature wheat embryos (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 25 (1991), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; cocultivation ; enzymatic digestion ; tissue culture ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Agrobacterium attached to wheat embryos in vitro. This attachment was plasmid independent, and occurred on both wounded and unwounded cell surfaces. The pattern of attachment clearly demonstrated that bacterial attachment to cereal cells follows the same trends observed for dicotyledonous plants. During the inoculation period the bacterial cells attach to the plant cell walls either with lateral or polar orientation. Wounding (mechanical or enzymatic) preferentially promoted adherence of the bacteria at the wound site, however, attachment was not wound dependent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036211
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Agrobacterium tumefaciens-gene transfer into wheat tissues (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 25 (1991), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; cocultivation ; tissue culture ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract DNA can be transferred by Agrobacterium tumefaciens to wheat, albeit at very low frequencies. Transfer of agrobacterial DNA occurred in cultures where the embryos had been subjected to partial enzymatic digestion prior to cocultivation with the bacteria. It is unclear whether this is by the normal process mediated by the Ti virulence genes and the border repeats of the T-DNA. The Southern hybridization patterns indicate that in one cell line the T-DNA had undergone extensive rearrangements, and might indicate that the process of T-DNA transfer and integration might differ in the case of cereals. This could suggest the method of transfer and ultimately the expression of these genes in cereal cells may be different to that observed in other monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036212
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phosphate sorption approach for determining phosphorus requirements of wheat in calcareous soils (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 28 (1991), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Phosphate adsorption ; external P requirement ; wheat ; fertilizer requirements ; calcareous soils
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Five field experiments involving P application rates from 0 to 66 kg P ha−1 were conducted on irrigated wheat at Tandojam, Pakistan. The soils belonged to two great soil groups, Torrifluvent and Camborthid. All soils were calcareous. Olsen-P contents ranged from 3.5 to 6.3 mg P kg−1. Phosphate sorption curves were developed for soils from control (no P) plots at each site. Concentrations of P in solution established by fertilization in the field as estimated from the sorption curves ranged from 0.008 to 0.16mg P L−1. Actual grain yields were converted to relative grain yields and plotted against corresponding concentrations of P in solution. Yield response to P application was obtained in each experiment. Control plot yields ranged from 57 to 89% of maximum yield of respective experiments. Phosphorus requirements of wheat were 0.032 mg L−1 for 95% yield as determined from a composite yield response curve. Predicted quantities of P required to attain 0.032 mg P L−1 ranged from 18 to 29 kg P ha−1. The results of the study suggest that the P sorption approach can be used as a rational basis for making P fertilizer recommendations for various soil-crop combinations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048857
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selenium content of wheat as affected by selenate and selenite contained in a Cl- or SO4-based NPK fertilizer (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 30 (1991), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Chloride ; pH ; residual effect ; sandy soil ; selenate ; selenite ; sulphate ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In areas where soils supply inadequate Se to crops to meet animal nutritional needs, it may be necessary to supplement Se in some fashion. This greenhouse experiment was designed to study the effect of selenate and selenite, incorporated with a Cl- or a SO4-based NPK (16-5-12) fertilizer added to a low-Se soil, on the Se concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The sandy soil was limed to pH 5.5 and 6.5 prior to receiving 0, 0.03, or 0.06 mg Se kg−1 of soil with each NPK source each year for two years. The SO4-based NPK fertilizer treatment was used only at the 0.06 mg Se kg−1 rate. In the third year, the residual effect of the Se applied in the first 2 years was studied. The grain yield among treatments differed significantly but the effects of the rate or source were not consistent in all the years. However, significantly higher yields were obtained at pH 6.5 than at pH 5.5. Selenium concentration and uptake in wheat grain increased in proportion to the applied selenate but not selenite. However, selenite increased the Se concentration and uptake over the control. The concentration and uptake of Se were higher from selenate than from selenite. The effect of the Cl- and SO4-based NPK fertilizers was different on selenate and selenite. Selenium accumulation in wheat grain was greater from the Cl-based NPK fertilizer when selenate was used but it was greater from the SO4-based NPK fertilizer when selenite was used. The Se concentration in wheat, especially from selenate, was generally higher at the higher pH level except in the first year where it was higher at the lower pH level. The uptake of Se from the Se-enriched NPK fertilizers was generally as high as from the Se applied separately. The residual effect of both sources of Se applied in the first 2 years was very poor in the third year. The results suggest that the Se concentration in wheat grain can be increased by incorporating the Se salts in the NPK fertilizers but more selenate is recovered than selenite. Selenate should, however, be incorporated in a Cl-based NPK fertilizer to avoid the ionic competition from SO4 ions in the SO4-based NPK fertilizer. The uptake of Se is generally higher at pH 6.5 than at pH 5.5.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048821
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of a long chain aliphatic alcohol mixture on growth and solute accumulation in water stressed wheat seedlings under laboratory conditions (1991)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 10 (1991), S. 223-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Schlagwort(e): moisture stress ; polyethylene glycol ; long-chain aliphatic alcohols ; seedling growth, solute accumulation ; hydrolases ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress adversely affected the germination and seedling growth of Sonalika and WL2265 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Application of a mixture of long-chain aliphatic alcohols having the composition C-24 Tetracosanol (10%), C-26 Hexacosanol (16%), C-28 Octacosanol (15%), C-30 Tricontanol (30%), C-32 Dotriacontanol (15%) and C-34 Tetratriacontanol (14%), partially ameliorated these effects and promoted both percent germination and seedling growth. Application also stimulated the activities of the hydrolases α- and β-amylase and acid invertase, so increasing free sugar accumulation. A role for long chain aliphatic alcohols in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism is suggested. The alleviation of moisture stress by application of this mixture suggest that long chain aliphatic alcohols may be most effective at low water potentials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024413
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of stem rust resistant derivatives of wheat cultivar Amigo (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 58 (1991), S. 245-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Introgression ; leaf rust ; Puccinia spp. ; rust resistance ; species-specific probes ; stem rust ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Originally developed for resistance to greenbug derived from Insave rye, Amigo wheat carries two genes for resistance to stem rust. One of these genes is associated with a rye chromosome 1RS segment carrying the Sec-1 protein marker and presumably greenbug resistance. The second gene which is genetically linked to leaf rust resistance is associated with an Agropyron-derived segment. Rust tests in Canada confirmed that these genes were Sr24 and Lr24. In contrast to Agent and certain 3D/Ag derivatives from Dr. E.R. Sears, the Amigo source of Sr24/Lr24 freely recombined with white seed colour during backcrossing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025256
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transport of Rb and Sr to the ear in mature, excised shoots of wheat: Effects of temperature and stem length on Rb removal from the xylem (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 132 (1991), S. 281-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): internode ; phloem ; rubidium ; solute transfer ; strontium ; temperature ; Triticum aestivum L. ; wheat ; xylem
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Arina’) shoots grown in the field were excised post-anthesis and incubated in the laboratory for 72 h standing in 2 mM RbCl+2 mM SrCl2. Strontium is a phloemimmobile, xylem-mobile element and indicates the distribution of the xylem sap in the plant. Rubidium is easily transported in the phloem and behaves similarly to the highly mobile K as far as the redistribution within the plant is concerned, although Rb cannot substitute physiologically or biochemically for K. The Sr contents in the ear were hardly affected by stem length or by steam-girdling (phloem-interruption). Rubidium on the other hand accumulated in the stem. A peduncle length of 5 cm was sufficient to decrease the Rb concentration in the xylem by more than 50% at 25°C. Only a minor quantity of Rb reached the ear after passing through 20 cm of stem without nodes and this transport was prevented by steam-girdling. A remarkable flux of Rb into the ear was observed in shoots with a vascular connection between the flag leaf lamina and the ear. Our results suggest that Sr was transported with the transpiration stream, while Rb was rapidly eliminated from the xylem and reached the ear via the phloem. The temperature optimum for the removal of Rb from the xylem was around 35°C. The nodes may further contribute, but are not prerequisites for this redistribution. The observed transfer processes could allow a solute specific transport via the xylem and phloem of maturing cereals and may be an important factor influencing the nutrient economy in the field.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010409
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tolerance to high concentrations of boron for the amphiploid of Triticum aestivum × Agropyron elongatum (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 133 (1991), S. 297-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Agropyron ; amphiploid ; boron toxicity ; tolerance ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The response to high concentrations of B in soil was compared for Triticum aestivum L. (vars. Chinese Spring and Halberd) and the amphiploid of Chinese Spring × Agropyron elongatum (Host). The tolerance of the three genotypes, with respect to yield at the high B treatments, was amphipolid〉Halberd〉Chinese Spring. The concentration of B in whole shoots was similar for the amphiploid and Halberd and significantly higher for Chinese Spring. The mechanism for tolerance to B appears to be the same for the amphiploid and wheat and is related to reduced accumulation of B in shoots.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009202
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vitro techniques for selecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Fusarium-resistance. I. Double-layer culture technique (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 57 (1991), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Fusarium resistance ; Fusarium spp. ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; double-layer technique ; in vitro selection ; somaclonal variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Calluses of spring and winter wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) were selected for Fusarium resistance in vitro, using the double-layer culture technique. Potato-dextrose agar medium in vials was inoculated with mycelia of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum. After one week, fungal cells were killed by autoclaving and the agar medium containing the thermostable toxic metabolites was overlayered with MS callus-growing medium. Later, wheat calluses were placed on the upper medium for 4–5 weeks, and from the surviving calluses plants were regenerated. R2 seedling populations from self-fertilized R1 plants of 4 varieties were tested for Fusarium resistance by artificial infections in the greenhouse, and 3% of the regenerated R2 plants have been found to be more resistant than the original cultivars.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039671
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production and cytogenetic analysis of the intergeneric hybrids between nine Elymus species and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 58 (1991), S. 81-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Elymus species ; genome ; germplasm resources ; intergeneric hybridization ; meiosis ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Intergeneric hybridizations were performed between Triticum aestivum L. (2n=6x=42, AABBDD) and twelve Elymus species, ten tetraploids (2n=4x=28, SSYY) and two hexaploids (2n=6x=42, SSHHYY and SSYY??), namely, E. pendulinus (Nevski) Tzvelev, E. altissimus (Keng), Löve, E. anthosachnoides (Keng) Löve, E. brevipes (Keng) Löve, E. dolichatherus (Keng) Löve, E. parviglumis (Keng) Löve, E. pseudonutans (Keng) Löve, E. tibeticus (Melderis) G. Singh, E. semicostatus (Nees ex Steud.) Melderis, E. caucasicus (C. Koch) Tzvelev (tetraploids), and E. tsukushiensis Honda and E. tschimganicus (Drobov) Tzvelev (hexaploids). The hybrid seed sets in different combinations varied from 4.8%–72.2%, and embryo yields ranged from 3.2%–36.7%. Nine combinations produced adult hybrid plants, eight pentaploids and one hexaploid, through embryo rescue. The production of hybrid plants varied from 1.2%–30%. Chromosome pairing was analysed at metaphase I in the parental species and the hybrids. Average meiotic configurations of 33.51 I+0.74 II+0.03 III+0.001 IV were observed amongst the pentaploid hybrids although there was a large variation, and 31.42 I+5.21 II+0.04 III was recorded in the hexaploid hybrid. It is concluded from the study that: 1) very little pairing occurred between the ABD genomes in T. aestivum and the different genomes in the tetraploid Elymus species. even though the pairing behaviour varied in different combinations; 2) the hexaploid combination had distinctly higher chromosome pairing than the other pentaploid combinations, which could be due either to a low degree of homoeology between the T. aestivum and E. tschimganicus genomes or that the latter species contains, certain gene(s) which increase the meiotic pairing between genomes from the same parental species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035343
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Zinc deficiency and the formation of white structures in immature embryo cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 24 (1991), S. 9-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): culture medium ; embryo culture ; microelements ; wheat ; zinc ; zinc deficiency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of microelements on the induction of embryogenic callus from epiblast and scutellum of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) embryos was studied by the sequential omission of each of the microelements from Murashige & Skoog medium. Omission of iron caused a marked decrease in yield and poor shoot formation from embryogenic callus. The yield of embryogenic callus on medium without added manganese was also reduced. Omission of boron, copper-cobalt, iodine, and molybdenum had little effect on the induction of embryogenic epiblast callus. By contrast there was a marked increase in the formation of white structures on the medium without any microelements or, specifically without addition of zinc. Since the formation of typical embryoids of wheat is associated with the formation of white structures, our result highlights the importance of certain microelements on somatic embryogenesis of wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044258
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vitro production of pycnidia by Septoria tritici (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 97 (1991), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): speckled leaf blotch ; wheat ; growth type ; pseudopycnidia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The in vitro production of pycnidia bySeptoria tritici was examined on six media reported to induce the formation of fruiting bodies. Among 26 freshly isolated cultures from various parts of the world, consistent differences in growth type were found which were only partially influenced by nutritional and environmental conditions. Cultures with yeast-like growth produced hardly any pycnidia or pseudopycnidia, while cultures with intermediate or mycelial growth types produced them frequently. Incubation in continuous darkness induced intermediate to mycelial growth types rather than yeast-like growth types in some cultures, and concomitantly the production of more pycnidia. Potato-dextrose agar induced intermediate to mycelial growth types and production of (pseudo)pycnidia more often than V8 agar and wheat leaf extract agar, which had previously been reported to be especially beneficial to (pseudo) pycnidium formation byS. tritici. Isolates with a consistently yeast-like growth type, producing (virtually) no fructifications under any of the experimental conditions, were slightly stimulated to form pseudopycnidia on water agar supplemented with sterile pieces of maize, wheat or carnation leaves.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974270
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    La localisation, le comportement et les relations «Proie-prédateur» chezCoccinella septempunctata dans un champ de blé (1991)
    Springer
    BioControl 36 (1991), S. 213-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Coccinella septempunctata ; distribution verticale ; comportement ; alimentation ; puceron ; blé ; Coccinella septempunctata ; vertical distribution ; behaviour ; feeding ; aphid ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Observations were made in a wheat field during daylight hours to determine how the vertical distribution of adults and larvae ofCoccinella septempunctata changed with season and in response to aphid populations on which this coccinellid feeds. In early spring, this thermophilic coccinellid (larvae and adults) remained close to the ground and on the lower part of tiller leaves where it was highly active. Adults frequently groomed their head appendages. By June, most adults and larvae were found on the upper parts of tillers, the area preferred by their aphid prey. The beetles remained close to such sites and hence their vertical distribution corresponded to that of the aphids on which they fed. The fact that the beetles appeared to spend most of their time resting and moving within wheat crops, and little time feeding, raises the question of how the larvae and adults satisfy their dietary needs.
    Notizen: Abstract Des adultes et des larves deC. septempunctata ont été observés individuellement dans un champ de blé afin de préciser, au cours de la journée et en fonction de la saison, leur distribution sur le végétal, la durée des principales séquences de leur comportement et leurs relations avec les pucerons. Au début du printemps, cette espèce thermophile est présente sur le sol et sur les feuilles basses des talles où elle est très mobile. Les adultes font très fréquemment la toilette des appendices de la tête. En juin, la population larvaire et imaginale se regroupe sur la partie supérieure des talles où se trouvent les pucerons. A cette époque, l'immobilité domine. Ces variations de la distribution verticale sont confirmées par la position sur le végétal des proies capturées. Les données suggèrent que, dans les champs, cette coccinelle consacre peu de temps à son alimentation. Le faible nombre de proies ingérées pose le problème de la couverture de ses besoins trophiques.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374557
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