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  • rotifers  (57)
  • Lepidoptera  (27)
  • Springer  (84)
  • 1980-1984  (84)
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  • 1983  (84)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 174-178 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Maruca testulalis ; Pod borer ; Development ; Nutritional suitability ; Host plant ; Crotalaria ; Vigna unguiculata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les possibilités de développement larvaire de Maruca testulalis sur les fleurs de huit espèces végétales ont été examinées en laboratoire. La comparaison a porté sur Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. saltiana, C. misereniensis, C. mucronata, C. amazonas, Cajanus cajan et l'hôte principal de cette chenille, Vigna unguiculata. En tenant compte de la mortalité larvaire et des indices de croissance (G.I.), ces plantes ont été divisées en trois catégories principales: 1 celles provoquant une mortalité larvaire de 0–30% et ayant des G.I. ≥60%, constituent les plantes hôtes convenables (Vigna unguiculata seule); 2 les plantes qui provoquent une mortalité larvaire de 30≤50% et ont des G.I. de 30 à 60% de la plante hôte principale (Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria amazonas, C. saltiana, C. mucronata; 3 les plantes qui causent 50–100% de mortalité larvaire et dont les G.I. sont inférieurs à 30% de la plante hôte principale (Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. misereniensis). Les résultats déjà publiés sur les choix du lieu de ponte des femelles et l'utilisation de C. juncea comme plante piège, sont discutés à la lumière de ces données nouvelles.
    Notes: Abstract Flowers of eight plant species were evaluated under laboratory conditions for their suitability as larval growth media for the cowpea pod borer, Maruca testulalis. The plants tested were Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. saltiana, C. misereniensis, C. amazonas, Cajanus cajan and the principal host of the borer, Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), was included for comparison. Based on the data obtained on larval mortality and growth indices (GI) the plants were divided into 3 categories namely: I: Those causing 0–30% mortality and having GI value ≥60% form suitable host plants. This group only included V. unguiculata. — II: Those plant species causing 30≤50% larval mortality and having GI value 30%≤60% of the principal host plant (Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria amazonas, C. saltiana, C. mucronata). This group of species is marginally suitable as hosts. — III: Plants causing 50–100% larval mortality and having GI value ≤30% of principal host plant (C. retusa, C. juncea and C. misereniensis). Previously published data on the oviposition preference of the adult moth are discussed in the light of the present findings and the use of C. juncea as a possible trap crop.
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  • 2
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    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 203-205 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae ; Synanthedon vespiformis ; Paranthrene tabaniformis ; Chamaesphecia empiformis ; Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis ; Attractants ; Pheromones ; Clearwing moths ; Nemapogon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 3
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    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 20-26 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Dioryctria abietella ; Cone pyralid ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Sex pheromone, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate ; Single sensillum recordings ; Electroantennography ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'analyse en chromatographie gazeuse associée à une détection électroantennographique a montré que l'acétate (Z,E)-9,11-tétradécadiényle (Z,E)-9,11–14:Ac est l'un des composants de la phéromone de Dioryctria abietella Schiff (Lepid.: Pyralidae). Couplage chromatographie en phase gazeuse spectrometrie de masse a montré la présence d'acétate tétradécadiényle avec un spectre de masse et un indice de rétention identiques au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac Un récepteur cellulaire sensible à la fois au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac et à un extrait de la femelle a été identifié sous l'antenne du mâle. Les analyses des antennogrammes et de la cellule isolée ont étayé la caractérisation du composant de la phéromone comme étant Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. Un récepteur cellulaire additionnel sensible à l'acétate (Z.)-9-tétradécadiényle et à l'acétate (Z.E.)-9,12-tétradécadiényle a été trouvé sur l'antenne du mâle, mais il n'était pas activé par l'extrait de la femelle. Sur le terrain Z,E-9,11–14:Ac, présenté seul, attirait des nombres importants de mâles de D. abietella. L'addition de l'acétate (Z)-9-tétradécényle a inhibé l'attraction des mâles par les pièges.
    Notes: Summary Gas chromatographic analyses coupled with electro-antennographic detection indicated that (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z,E-9, 11–14:Ac) is a pheromone component of the cone pyralid Dioryctria abietella. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses confirmed the presence of a tetradecadienyl acetate with mass spectrum and retention index identical to Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. A receptor cell sensitive to both Z,E-9,11–14:Ac and the female extract was identified on the male antenna. An additional receptor cell sensitive to (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate was found on the male antenna but was not activated by the female extract. In the field Z,E-9,11–14:Ac presented alone attracted significant numbers of male D. abietella. Addition of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate inhibited the attraction of males to traps.
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  • 4
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    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 65-70 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Insect growth regulators ; Anti-juvenile hormone ; Fluoromevalonate ; Precocious metamorphosis ; Premature pupation ; Ecdysis ; Fall webworm ; Hyphantria cunea ; Lepidoptera ; Arctiidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fluormevalosäure (FMev), bekannt als ein spezifischer Inhibitor der Biosynthese des Juvenilhormons (JH) in Insekten, wurde in 0,1–50 μg/Tier Dosis topikal an 3., 4. und 5. Larvenstadien von Hyphantria cunea getestet. Die Raupen wurden auf einem semi-synthetischen, künstlichen Nährboden bei 25° und unter Langtagsbedingungen (18 : 6 St., Licht/Dunkel) gezüchtet. Diese Verbindung rief drei verschiedene Typen spezifischer Reaktionen hervor: 1) verfrühte Metamorphose, 2) gehemmte Häutung und 3) verlängerte Larvenentwicklung. Vor der verfrühten Verpuppung wurde normales Verhalten beobachtet. Die Larven des 3. oder 4. Stadiums häuteten sich meist erst nach einem interkalaren Larvenstadium in verfrühte Puppen. Unter den drei Larvenstadien erwies sich das 5. Stadium gegen die Anti-JH-Verbindung am empfindlichsten. In allen getesteten Entwicklungsphasen wiesen die frisch gehäuteten Larven die höchste Empfindlichkeit gegen FMev auf. Nach der Häutung wurde stufenweises Absinken der FMev-Empfindlichkeit beobachtet, im 5. Larvenstadium verursachte die Verbindung jedoch selbst am letzten Tag des Wachstums zu einen relativ hohen Prozentzahl verfrühte Verpuppung. Eine zweite typische Wirkung von FMev war die Hemmung der Häutungsprozesse. Zwei grundlegende Stufen der Häutungsstörungen unterschieden sich voneinander: 1) Als Folge der Anwendung hoher Dosen von FMev konnte die Mehrzahl der Raupen die alte Larvenkutikula nicht öffnen und ging deswegen in kurzer Zeit zugrunde. 2) Bei Behandlung mit niedrigen Dosen der Anti-JH-Verbindung häuteten sich einige Hyphantria-Larven scheinbar normal; nach der Häutung waren aber alle unfähig, die normalen Bewegungen und die Nahrungsaufnahme fortzusetzen. Auch die vorzeitigen Puppenhäutungen wurden in meisten Fällen durch die Anti-JH-Behandlung gehemmt. Die morphogenetischen Wirkungen von FMev konnten durch eine topikale Behandlung mit Hydroprene, einem hochaktiven JH-Analogen, vollständig oder teilweise verhindert werden.
    Notes: Summary Fluoromevalonate (FMev, ZR-3516) known as an inhibitor of JH biosynthesis was topically applied in 0.1 to 50 μg/specimen doses to the 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar caterpillars of Hyphantria cunea Drury. The anti-JH compound induced 3 main types of specific responses: 1) precocious metamorphosis, 2) inhibition of ecdysis, and 3) prolongation of larval development. Precocious pupation was accompanied by behavioural events typical of normal pupation. Third and 4th instar larvae metamorphosed prematurely mostly with the intervention of an intercalary larval instar. The 5th instar exhibited the highest sensitivity to the anti-JH agent. Within each larval stage the freshly moulted insects proved to be the most susceptible to FMev. Afterwards, the incidence of morphogenetic reaction gradually decreased with age. In another fraction of Hyphantria larvae not responding with precocious pupation, FMev evoked varying degrees of ecdysial disturbance which always resulted in the death of caterpillars. In most cases the anti-JH compound inhibited the premature pupal moult, too, and these affected insects died as tanned pharate pupae. A complete or partial “rescue” from the effects of FMev was elicited, if simultaneously or subsequently, a single topical dose of a JH analogue, hydroprene was also administered.
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  • 5
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    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 155-162 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; Apanteles bignellii ; Euphydryas aurinia ; Multivoltinism ; Synchronisation ; Weather
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer Population von Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg) bei Oxford, England treten während einer Generation von E. aurinia drei Normalgenerationen von Apanteles bignellii Marshall auf. Jede Generation des Parasitoids kann charakterisiert werden durch das befallende Wirtsstadium und durch die aus einem Wirt schlüpfende Zahl Parasitoide. Parasitoide schlüpfen in Normalgenerationen aus dem 3., dem 4. und dem 6. Stadium des Wirts; in Ausnahmegenerationen schlüpfen sie aus dem 2. und 5. Stadium. Bis zu 70 Parasitoide können aus einer Altraupe (6. Stadium) schlüpfen und die Dauer dieses Stadiums kann bis auf 2 Wochen verlängert werden. Die Ausnahmegenerationen von A. bignellii aus Zweitlarven dürften aus Eiablagen in frühe Erstlarven stammen. Fünftlarven des Wirts, aus denen Parasitoide schlüpfen, sind ungewöhnlich klein und fressen nicht; sie dürften das Resultat sein eines Uebermasses von Apenteles-Eiern, die in frühe Viertlarven gelegt wurden. Die Synchronisation zwischen dem Parasitoiden und dem Wirt während der Zeit, da E. aurinia im Puppen-, Adult- oder Eistadium ist, wird aufrechterhalten durch ein verlängertes Coconstadium von Apanteles. Die Puppen des Parasitoiden entwickeln sich normal und die Adulten schlüpfen, bleiben aber bis 4 Wochen lang im Cocon, bevor sie sich eine Ausgangsöffnung machen. Das Wetter kann den Parasitierungsgrad der letzten Wirtsstadien beeinflussen. Wenn der Frühling kalt ist mit klarem Himmel, kann die Synchronisierung zwischen Parasitoiden, die aus Viertlarven des Wirts schlüpfen und potentiellen Fünft- und Sechtstlarven des Wirts schlecht werden. Die Entwicklung von Apanteles-Puppen wird durch die Umgebungstemperatur beeinflusst, während E. aurinia-Larven ihre Temperatur erhöhen, indem sie sich sonnen und deshalb rasch wachsen. Wenn die Parasitoiden unter solchen Bedingungen schlüpfen, sind die meisten potentiellen Wirte schon verpuppt und damit nicht mehr geeignet für die Parasitierung. Die Mechanismen der Synchronisation und der Wettereinfluss auf diese Vorgänge wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The gregarious endoparasite, Apanteles bignellii Marshall is specific to the nymphalid butterfly, Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg) in the British Isles. The synchronisation between host and parasitoid is described at a site near Oxford, England where both occur. Three regular generations of A. bignellii occur in one generation of the host in the studied population. Relevant features of the biology of A. bignellii and E. aurinia are described, including a method of distinguishing the number of Apanteles larval instars based upon shed cuticle remnants. Mechanisms for host-parasitoid synchronisation are outlined, especially a protracted parasitoid cocoon stage when the host is unavailable for attack during the chrysalis, adult and egg stages. Cool, but sunny weather conditions in spring can influence the degree of parasitisation experienced by final instar host caterpillars. The timing of adult A. bignellii emergence and subsequent attack on early instar hosts can lead to additional, partial, generations of parasitoids from second and fifth instar hosts.
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  • 6
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    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 121-122 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Earias insulana ; Bollworm ; Artificial diets ; Insect fecundity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 7
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    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 191-200 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; Cossus cossus ; Lepidoptera ; Cossidae ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-5-dodecenol ; (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-3-decenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Female tip washings of the European goat moth,Cossus cossus L., were found to contain the following compounds that are structurally similar to known pheromone components of Lepidoptera (%): decyl acetate (1.5), (Z)-5-dodecenol (1), (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate (66), dodecyl acetate (12), (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate (14), tetradecyl acetate (4), and hexadecyl acetate (1.5). The washes contained an average of 125 ng of (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate per female equivalent. EAG responses to nanogram amounts of the identified products indicated that (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate was the most potent olfactory stimulant followed by (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-5-dodecenol, whereas the saturated acetates caused only weak depolarization. A strong EAG response was also recorded for (Z)-3-decenyl acetate, which was not detected in the female tip washings. Field results showed that (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate was essential for the attraction of the males and that (Z)-3-decenyl acetate improved the attractiveness of (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate alone or in combination with (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate.
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  • 8
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    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 219-223 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Synthesis ; sex pheromone ; processionary moth ; Thaume-topoea pityocampa ; Lepidoptera ; Notodontidae ; (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-yn-1-yl acetate ; acetylene ; carbocupration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis of the major component of the sex pheromone of the processionary mothThaumetopoea pityocampa is described. The synthesis uses the carbocupration of acetylene, followed by the coupling with the appropriate 1-iodoalkyne. This synthetic pheromone was shown to be of 98.8%Z purity.
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  • 9
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    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 335-346 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Euxoa drewseni ; Chorizagrotis thanatologia ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; attractant inhibitor ; parapheromone ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-pentadecenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Eleven compounds structurally similar to known lepidopterous pheromone components were identified in the extract from 18 calling female moths ofEuxoa drewseni (Staudinger). The identifications were done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-resolution gas chromatography with flame ionization and electroantennographic detectors simultaneously. Detector antennae were from five species of moths. In the field, male moths were specifically attracted to a three-component blend of dodecyl, (Z)-5-dodecenyl, and (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetates in a ratio of 2∶6∶1. This blend at 1000 μg/rubber septum dispenser is recommended as a trap bait for monitoring purposes. Low concentrations of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate or (Z)-7-tetradecenol inhibited the attraction of moths to the three-component blend. (Z)-7-Pentadecenyl acetate functioned as a parapheromone in place of (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate in the pheromone blend, and they appear to react via the same antennal receptor.
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  • 10
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    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 33-37 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Disparlure ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; gypsy moth ; pheromone persistence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Positive attraction of male gypsy moths to the body of the author, now four years after his last known direct contact with disparlure, the synthetic pheromone, is documented. A designed test showed that moths responded to him in highly significantly greater numbers than to others who had had less or no previous exposure to the insect and / or disparlure. The data present persuasive evidence of bodily contamination with disparlure and suggest that the material is very persistent.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Behavior ; Caenurgina erechtea (Cramer) ; forage looper ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; flight tunnel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene have been identified as components of the sex pheromone of the noctuid,Caenurgina erechtea (Cramer), the forage looper. Structural assignments were made on the basis of spectroscopic and chromatographic data and were confirmed by comparison with synthetic material. Flight tunnel behavioral studies demonstrated that either component, when tested individually, would elicit wing fanning responses in males; however, mixtures of the two components increased this response and were essential for initiation of upwind flight and landing. In field experiments, traps baited with either component alone captured few or no adult forage looper males while those baited with both components captured several target males.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; 3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; 3,6,9-eicosatriene ; velvetbean caterpillar ; Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; attractant ; hydrocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A sex pheromone produced by female velvetbean caterpillar moths,Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, that attracts conspecific males was isolated and identified as a blend of (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene in a ratio of ca. 5∶3, respectively, when combined. The synthesized compounds elicited responses by velvetbean caterpillar moth males equivalent to those elicited by females in both laboratory wind tunnel bioassays and field trapping experiments.
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  • 13
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    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 657-672 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pseudoplusia includens ; soybean looper ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Epilachna varivestis ; Mexican bean beetle ; Coleoptera ; Coccinellidae ; feeding preferences ; nutrition ; food utilization ; host-plant resistance ; induced resistance ; glyceollin ; isoflavonoids ; soybean ; phytoalexins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of soybean phytoalexins on the feeding of the soybean looper and Mexican bean beetle were investigated to test the hypothesis that phytoalexins might be a defense mechanism of plants against insects as well as against pathogens. Short-term behavioral responses to the phytoalexins were analyzed using dual-choice tests with phytoalexin-rich and phytoalexin-poor (control) tissues. Phytoalexin production was elicited with ultraviolet radiation. Results from the dual-choice tests indicated that 6th instar soybean looper larvae fed equally on the control and phytoalexin-rich tissues. Feeding by adult and 4th instar Mexican bean beetles, however, was strongly deterred by the phytoalexins as evidenced by “single-bite” mandible scars on the phytoalexin-rich cotyledon discs. Nutritional effects of the isoflavonoid phytoalexin glyceollin on early instar soybean looper larvae were tested by incorporating the phytoalexin into an artificial medium at a level of 1% dry weight (0.15% fresh weight). The larvae were reared for 7 days from emergence on diets of control and glyceollin-containing media. Although survival on the glyceollin diets was initially less than on the control diets, under the experimental conditions glyceollin had no significant effect on the growth, development, or subsequent survival of the larvae. Efficiency of food utilization (ECI) was reduced, indicating that the phytoalexins may be a mild digestibility-reducing factor for the loopers. Implications of the results for host-plant resistance are discussed.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Driedfruit moth ; Vitula edmandsae serratilineella ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Phycitinae ; sex pheromone ; attractant inhibitor ; (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienol ; (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienal ; alcohol ; aldehyde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sixteen pheromone-like compounds were identified in abdomen tip washes and excised abdomen tip extracts of calling females of driedfruit moth,Vitula edmandsae serratilineella Ragonot. Identifications were by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography with flame ionization and electroantennographic detectors. Male moths were attracted to a blend of (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienol and (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienal in a ratio of 100∶1 at 500 μg/rubber septum dispenser, which is recommended for monitoring purposes. Low concentrations of (Z)-9-tetradecenol (0.5%) and (Z)-9-tetradecenal (0.1%) may be beneficial for the attraction of males, but 1–2% of (E)-9,(E)-12- or (Z)-9,(Z)-12-tetradecadienol, or (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienyl acetate inhibited their attraction. Gravid female moths were attracted to traps that captured large numbers of males. Females may be attracted to male hairpencil or forewing gland secretions emitted near the traps or that accumulate in the traps.
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  • 15
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    Hydrobiologia 100 (1983), S. 169-201 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; saprobity ; saprobic valence ; indicative weight of species ; saprobic index ; pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six hundred and twenty species and lower taxonomical units of Rotatoria found in Czechoslovakia and surrounding countries are listed alphabetically and classified according to water quality. The numerical characteristics include the saprobic valence in 10 balls, the indicative weight of species, Ii, and the individual saprobic index, Si. Rotifers are considered to be good indicators and some of them are figured on Plates 1–3. The situation is illustrated by four graphs and the relation to BOD5 values is stressed. All rotifers are aerobic organisms and occur only within limnosaprobity. They can also serve as indicators of trophic conditions. To characterize the situation in standing and slowly flowing waters a Brachionus: Trichocerca quotient is proposed. Rotifers can also be used as test organisms in toxicity experiments.
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  • 16
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    Hydrobiologia 107 (1983), S. 35-45 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: zooplankton ; rotifers ; laboratory culture ; life table ; population dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new culture method for K. cochlearis has made it possible to study isolated animals and to investigate the population dynamics of this pelagic rotifer species. The duration of principal developmental stages diminishes continuously with temperature. Decreased survival was associated with a reduced duration of individual fecundity. The age distribution of the population shifted toward younger age intervals with higher temperatures. Growth rates had an optimum at 15°C; the population dynamics, while lower for K. cochlearis than for some other rotifers, were in good agreement with field data.
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  • 17
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    Hydrobiologia 107 (1983), S. 47-50 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; laboratory culture ; defined medium ; Keratella cochlearis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Procedures for the continuous laboratory culture of Keratella cochlearis in a defined medium and upon an algal food are described. Culturing success appears to be a function of food availability as well as composition. This availability requirement is satisfied by the use of test tubes and inverted titration plate concavities as culture vessels. The satisfactory culture medium contains an ammonia compound as a nitrogen source.
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  • 18
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    Hydrobiologia 106 (1983), S. 107-114 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: subtropical ; Monogononta ; California ; Florida ; Bahamas ; rotifers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two new rotifer species, Lecane (Monostyla) aliger n.sp. and Proales pugio n.sp. are described from the Bahama Islands, Florida and California, and their autecology outlined. Some other rare rotifers are discussed which also prefer subtropical conditions. They are: Epiphanes clavulata, Epiphanes brachionus spinosus, Lecane crepida and Proalides tentaculatus tentaculatus. The existence of subtropical rotifer associations is discussed and supported by ecological data.
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  • 19
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 181-190 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; genetics ; brachionidae ; mating behaviour ; resting eggs ; literature review
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Crossbreeding experiments with three geographically distinct strains (E, S, and L) of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis have been carried out in an attempt to elucidate the apparent male sterility of strain L, which is unable to produce resting eggs. The 9 crossing possibilities of the three strains have been investigated in 27 experiments. The results refute the concept of male sterility. L-males copulate successfully with mictic as well as with amictic females of strains E and S. Fertilized amictic E and S females produce defective resting eggs, which have only one thin shell and, which disintegrate after deposition. L-females cannot, as a rule, be fertilized. Moreover, crosses between strain E and S are succesful only in one direction; the reciprocal crosses failed. To explain the present results a hypothesis is suggested that the thickness of the body wall of newborn females differs in the three strains, and between mictic and amictic individuals. A sequence of gradually increasing body wall thickness of all types of females involved, together with a comparably increasing penetration ability of the males of strain E, S, and L explains the success or failure of all crosses, including the unilateral cross E × S.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Brachionus calyciflorus ; phototaxis ; sensory pigment ; accessory pigment ; microspectrophotometry ; absorption spectrum ; spectral sensitivity
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    Notes: Abstract The observed wavelength-dependent variations in the phototaxis of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus inform us only partially about the spectral characteristics of the sensory pigment of the eye, since these variations are also linked to the absorption spectrum of the accessory pigment(s). The absence of phototaxis between 420 nm and 500 nm is due to the lack of sensitivity of the sensory pigments at these wavelengths The absence of response between 650 nm and 700 nm is due to a drop in the absorbance of the accessory pigments, which consequently no longer play a screening role at these wavelengths The existence of oriented responses between 350 nm and 420 nm and between 500 nm and 650 nm, is due to the joint intervention of the two types of pigments at these wavelengths
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; sensory receptor ; feeding behaviour ; scanning electron microscopy ; transmission electron microscopy
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    Notes: Abstract A study of the anterior sensory receptors of male and female Asplanchna brightwelli by scanning electron microscopy reveals some important differences in the region surrounding the mouth. In the male, the ventrolateral sensory bristles, the pseudotrochus, the inner and the outer buccal tufts and the mastax receptors are absent. The oral receptors are reduced. Transmission electron microscopy of these receptors shows that they consist of ciliated sensory cells surrounded by epithelial supporting cells. The distal ends of the cilia of the mastax receptors are modified; the cilia of the other receptors differ only in their length and rootlet structure from the locomotor cilia of the cingulum. A consideration of the feeding behaviour of Asplanchna leads us to suppose that these sensory cilia function in mechanoreception and in chemoreception.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; automatic tracking ; analysis of swimming behaviour ; video recording ; computer programs ; speed of swimming ; rate of change of direction
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An automatic tracking system for rotifer swimming movements is described. The x and y coordinates of the Center of gravity of the animal are stored in the computer memory every twelfth of a second. Computer programs were developed to analyze the data and to calculate the average and the standard deviation for the following parameters per unit of time: distance traveled, turning angles toward the right and toward the left, distance from the point of departure as the crow flies. Histograms are traced by the computer showing the distribution of these values, as well as their evolution with time. This experimental system is dependable. The first values which we obtained for the swimming speed of rotifers correspond well with those which are given in the literature. The other parameters had not been measured until now.
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  • 23
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 225-227 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; temperature change ; morphology ; Brachionus population dynamics
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    Notes: Abstract The influence of parental culture temperature regime on population parameters of offspring was investigated. Fecundity and net reproduction are influenced by the temperature conditions of the previous generation.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 229-230 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Monogononta ; distribution ; pollution
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  • 25
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 213-224 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; resting eggs ; dormancy ; hatching ; production ; morphology ; evolution
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The biology of resting eggs of monogonont rotifers is reviewed, covering literature published since the last major review by Gilbert (1974). The topics examined include resting egg production, morphology and species specificity, hatching, and evolutionary significance. Four major determinants of resting egg production are identified: mictic female production, male activity and fertility, female susceptibility to fertilization, and fertilized female fecundity. Recent work in these four areas is discussed as well as resting egg production in natural populations. Resting egg morphology, particularly shell structure and internal organization, is compared among species. Recent reports on the control of resting egg hatching in the laboratory are examined and the importance of temperature, light, diet, and salinity is reviewed. Two hatching patterns are contrasted, the first where eggs hatch at regular intervals over extended periods and the second where hatching is synchronized to some environmental cue. A latent period after resting egg formation, during which no hatching occurs, is defined for several species. The adaptive features of resting eggs are outlined including their contribution to genetic variability through recombination, their provision for environmental escape by dormancy, and their colonizing function resulting from their ease of dispersal. The type of cue utilized to initiate mictic female production as well as the pattern of resting egg hatching is related to environmental predictability.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 231-236 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; excretion ; temperature ; body weight
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two series of experiments were carried out to determine the relation of the rate of phosphorus and nitrogen excretion by the planktonic rotifers to ambient temperature and individual body weights of these animals. The following formulas describing this relation were obtained: EP=0.0154 W−1.27 e0.096T EN=0.0879 W−1.01 e0.088 T, where EP and EN denote the rate of P and N excretion, respectively, in µg · mg dry wt−1 · h−1, W is body weight in µg dry weight, and T is temperature in °C.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 237-246 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; embryonic development time ; temperature ; ecological significance
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The embryonic development times of four planktonic rotifers from Neusiedlersee (Austria) (Rhinoglena fertöensis, Brachionus calyciflorus, Keratella quadrata and Polyarthra dolichoptera) were determined at constant temperatures ranging from 0.6 °C to 10.5 °C. Development times decreased with increasing temperatures. The curvilinear relationship between temperature and development time was described by Bělehrádek's equation. Data on embryonic development times of rotifers are summarized and regression equations for the temperature-duration of development relationship are presented. Adaptation to temperature is discussed in the context of the thermal history of the various species and populations.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 247-257 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; dynamics ; biomass ; production ; turnover
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Rosu, Puiu and Porcu lakes from the Danube Delta are lacustrine ecosystems characterized by a particularly great variation of the biotic and abiotic factors. This variation causes the development of a zooplankton reduced from the point of view of number and biomass, but rich from the taxonomic point of view. Its monthly and annual fluctuations can hardly be correlated to the rest of the plankton fauna and microflora. Rotifer production is low, turnover at the level of plankton rotifers being relatively uniform and dependent on water temperature.
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  • 29
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 259-267 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; rotifer plates ; meromictic lakes ; chemoclines ; rotifer vertical distributions ; photosynthetic bacterial plates ; anaerobiosis
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The vertical distribution of planktonic rotifers has been analysed in relation to season in several meromictic lakes; a coastal lagoon with sea-water intrusion and three dissolution lakes from two karstic systems. Two species, Filinia hofmanni and a form of Anuraeopsis fissa have been found to be more or less restricted to the chemocline or adjacent strata any time they occurred. Many species common in the upper water layers developed large populations near or in the chemocline and more strikingly in summer. Some species had two vertical maxima (one in the surface or the thermocline and another near the chemocline), while others successively shifted their maxima between the upper layers and the chemocline. It is hypothetized that these rotifers are either very versatile or are differentiated as ecotypes, one of them adapted to the chemocline environment. This distribution in a peculiar fluctuating, anoxic, H2S-rich environment poses questions about the biology of those rotifers which there develop extraordinary populations.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 269-273 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; feeding ; diet ; competition ; niche displacement ; field experiment
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two rotifers, Polyarthra vulgaris and P. dolichoptera may have different temperature and oxygen optima. In addition, they consume similar foods including Chryptomonadales and Crysomonadales. P. dolichoptera disappeared from the plankton after experimental elimination of fish from a small lake. The disappearance may have been caused by a change in temporal availability of suitable food species (e.g. crysomonads) during early spring. A lack of food during this period, when the water was still cold, may have influenced the competitive balance between the two Polyarthra species.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 275-278 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; interstitial ; psammon ; distribution ; abundance dynamics ; ecology
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Zonation and abundance dynamics of interstitial rotifers in a semilotic beach of the North Sea island of Sylt were studied in 1975/76. The 13 species investigated prefer the damp sand of the beach slope. The sand flat is only sparsely inhabited. Rotifers only live in oxygen-rich sands. Neither the black sulphite layer in the sand flat nor the groundwater in the beach slope is populated. The family Colurellidae prefers warm temperatures in mid-summer, the family Proalidae colder temperatures in spring and autumn. In contrast to these two families that can be found in different frequencies all year round, the family Dicranophoridae occurs only in the cold seasons and disappears in mid-summer. Possibilities of maintaining the life cycle during these months are discussed.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 279-291 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Brachionus plicatilis ; biometry ; ecotypes ; cyclomorphosis
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Univariate comparisons and several multivariate statistical analyses have been performed to study the morphometric variability of B. plicatilis. Both laboratory clones kept under constant conditions and natural populations from different Spanish lagoons and different times of the year have been compared. The results show that not only size, but also allometric coefficients are influenced by environmental factors. However, an important genetic component in the variation of shape and size has been visualized. A clear North-South ordination of the populations of the different lagoons and an important dispersion between their summer populations as well as great differences due to seasonal variation became apparent by the multivariate statistical analysis used.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 293-296 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; biomass ; dominating species ; relation to trophy
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The number and biomass of rotifers in large eutrophic lakes is small in winter, reaches a maximum in spring or summer and decreases to a winter minimum. The dynamics of rotifer participation as part of total zooplankton is opposite to their absolute number: the role of rotifers in zooplankton is great in winter, starts decreasing in spring, reaches a minimum in summer and increases again to its winter maximum. The number and biomass of rotifers is proportional to the trophy of the waterbody, but in the case of some species this correlation is inverse.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 367-372 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Kellicottia longispina ; empty loricas ; Lake Tahoe ; Emerald Bay
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal dynamics of Kellicottia longispina in Lake Tahoe and an isolated embayment of Lake Tahoe, Emerald Bay, were investigated for an 18-month period in 1977–79. Population birth and death rates were similar in the two systems, although productivity and Mysis relicta densities were higher in Emerald Bay. The timing of population changes was also similar. A major population increase in late winter 1978 was preceded by an increase in egg ratio; the subsequent spring decline of K. longispina was concurrent with decreased birth rates and increased death rates. Empty loricas of K. longispina were occasionally abundant in the plankton samples and seemed to result from K. longispina deaths when densities were high and when egg ratios were declining; it is possible that population senescence was responsible for the high densities of empty loricas observed. A potentially important predator, M. relicta, defecates K. longispina remains in compact fecal pellets; however, it is unlikely that the observed empty loricas resulted from Mysis-related deaths.
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Brachionus ; feeding ; population dynamics ; Anabaena
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    Notes: Abstract The rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus can utilize the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae as either a sole or supplementary food source in laboratory culture. Positive population growth rates accompany food densities of 10 or 100 µg dry weight ml−1, but slightly negative rates are found at a lower density (1.0 µg ml−1). These results are consistent for rotifers feeding on two strains of A. flos-aquae, UTEX-1444 and NRC-44-1, with slightly enhanced survivorship and reproduction with the latter food. A 1:1 mixture (by dry weight) of Euglena gracilis and A. flos-aquae (NRC-44-1) produces survivorship comparable to that of control rotifer cohorts fed E. gracilis alone, but elicits significantly greater fecundity and population growth rates than found with the control food suspension at the same biomass density.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 379-383 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; sessile rotifer ; feeding ; in situ ; clearance rate ; filtration rate
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Clearance rates of three sessile and four free-swimming rotifer species from a small acid bog-pond were measured using in situ techniques. Three radioactively labeled cell types, an alga (Chlamydomonas), a bacterium (Enterobacter = Aerobacter), and a yeast (Rhodotorula) were used as tracers. Clearance rates (using yeast) ranged from 〈1.0 to 〉250 µl · animal−1 · h−1 depending on species. Ptygura crystallina, Ptygura pilula, Floscularia conifera, and an unidentified bdelloid ingested all three foods with substantial variation in clearance rates among species and cell type. There was an insignificant error (〈0.3%) in clearance rate associated with non-ingestive uptake of radioactivity. Among the free-swimming taxa, Lecane sp. had a clearance rate of 〈0.5 µl · animal−1 · h−1 on yeast, while another Lecane sp. and Trichotria tetractis did not ingest that cell type.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 385-396 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; invertebrate predation ; cyclopoid copepod
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Representatives from many taxa including the Protozoa, Cnidaria, Rotifera, Cladocera, Cyclopoida, Calanoida, Harpacticoida, Chaoboridae, and Mysidacea are reported to feed on rotifers. There are few good quantitative data on predation on rotifers by any of these taxa with two exceptions, Rotifera and Cyclopoida. The present review focuses on the dynamics of Cyclopoid copepod predation. Intense and selective cyclopoid copepod predation makes it an important factor to consider in studies of the population ecology and community structure of rotifer populations. Limited information available on other predatory invertebrate taxa suggests that rotifer production may contribute extensively to their diets.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 19-30 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; biogeography ; dispersal ; continental drift
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The biogeography of rotifers is discussed in light of general biogeographical concepts. It is argued that, in spite of considerable abilities for passive dispersal, vicariance can develop well in this group. Examples selected from the Branchionidae illustrate the high levels of endemicity found in Australia and South America, while the Indian subcontinent and Africa have a predominantly cosmopolitan fauna. An explanation for these patterns is found in drifting continents and Pleistocene climatic changes.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 175-180 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Bdelloidea ; life tables ; strategy
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    Notes: Abstract Nine species of Rotifera Bdelloidea have been cultured under laboratory conditions. The species were collected from two different environments: one group from water courses, the other from terrestrial mosses. Life tables have been determined and population dynamics parameters have been calculated. The characteristics of the life history seem to be related to the natural environmental conditions of the species. The patterns of reproductive output may develop as adaptations to different selective pressures: species from unpredictable environments face the probability of leaving no young at all, while species from stable environments are less conservative in their energy budget. Life characteristics are discussed from the point of view of adaptive strategies.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 307-309 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; ecology ; coal mine water
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    Notes: Abstract The species composition and quantitative structure of the rotifer fauna was investigated in a reservoir containing coal mine water. Only nine mainly planktonic species of rotifers, were found. Two of these were dominating: Brachionus angularis and B. rubens. They are typical indicators of eutrophic waters. Chlorides and sulphates may have an influence on the occurrence and quantitative structure of rotifer assemblages in the investigated reservoir.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex attractant ; sex pheromone ; processionary moth ; Thaumetopoea pityocampa ; Lepidoptera ; Notodontidae ; (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynyl acetate ; field test
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Synthetic (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynyl acetate has been shown to be highly active in catchingThaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis and Schiff.) males in field trials carried out in different parts of Spain. A variety of formulations containing antioxidants or solid paraffin were tested. Formulations containing 3 and 10% ofE isomer showed a decrease of activity compared with those prepared with pureZ isomer. Dodecyl acetate, also found in the virgin female gland, did not show any synergistic effect when tested in a 9∶1 mixture with the synthetic pheromone. The product exhibited a remarkable persistence of activity under the field conditions even in the absence of stabilizer.
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    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 95-104 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spodoptera exigua ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; rubber septa ; (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol ; beet armyworm ; trapping sticky trap
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Field tests were conducted with various blends of acetates and alcohols previously identified as components of the sex pheromone for the beet armyworm (BAW),Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). The compounds were formulated on rubber septa and placed in sticky traps positioned in fields populated withAmaranthus sp., a favored host of this species. Moth captures were highest in traps baited with septa containing a blend of 0.1 mg (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (Z9,E12–14∶Ac) and 0.01 mg(Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (Z9–14∶OH). Additionally, we confirmed that all combinations of acetates tested alone captured significantly fewer males than blends containing a 10∶1 ratio ofZ9,E12–14∶Ac andZ9–14∶OH. A 10∶1 formulation ofZ9,E12–14∶Ac andZ9–14∶OH in hollow fibers was also attractive to feral BAW males.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diamondback moth ; Plutella xylostella ; Crymodes devastator ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; Noctuidae ; sex attractant ; (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate ; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In addition to three known sex lure components [(Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecenol], (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate was field-proven as a trace coattractant for malePlutella xylostella, with an optimal content below 0.01% in blends. This potent four-component lure for diamondback males also attractedCrymodes devastator males, and in this respect is not different in its attractancy from virgin diamondback females. Replacement of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate in the four component lure with (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol, at the level of 10% of the total lure mixture, did not alter its attractancy for diamondback males, but it did inhibit attraction ofCrymodes devastator. The status of biologically active components as possible sex pheromones or para-pheromones is discussed.
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    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 1425-1437 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Range caterpillar ; Hemileuca oliviae ; Lepidoptera ; Saturniidae ; C4 plants ; C3 plants ; tannins ; grasses
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When provided a choice between grass species with C3 or C4 photosynthetic pathways, larvae of range caterpillar,Hemileuca oliviae Cockerell, selected C4 grasses. The basis for host selection was examined by conducting analyses of moisture, crude protein, total available carbohydrate, sucrose, glucose, astringency, condensed tannin, silica, and pubescence of 14 grass species, and correlating host plant chemical characteristics with host preference. Most of the variation in host preference was explained by tannin characteristics (astringency and condensed tannin); C3 grass species had significantly higher tannin levels than C4 species.
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    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 503-512 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Epiphyas postvittana ; Lepidoptera ; Fortricidae ; lightbrown apple moth ; sex pheromone ; (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate ; (E,E)-9,11-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two compounds, (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate and (E,E)-9,11-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate, have been identified in extracts of females of the lightbrown apple moth,Epiphyas postvittana (Walker). The two compounds are active as a coalitive pair and are present in extracts of females in a ratio of about 20∶1.
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    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 475-493 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Iridoid glycoside ; catalpol ; Scrophulariaceae ; Euphydryas ; checkerspot ; host-plant specificity ; Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; coevolution ; insect-plant interaction ; chemical ecology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The potential role of iridoid glycosides as feeding stimulants forEuphydryas chalcedona larvae was examined in three laboratory experiments. The first experiment examined larval behavior in choice tests between an artificial diet with no additives (AD) and an artificial diet with the iridoid glycoside, catalpol, added (AD + I) in one group; and AD and AD plus a crude extract from which the iridoid glycoside catalpol was crystallized (AD + Ex) in the second group. The larvae were found more often on AD + I or AD + Ex. The second experiment quantified larval consumption of artificial diets when given a choice of AD or AD + I, and AD or AD + Ex, and showed that larvae ate significantly more AD + I or AD + Ex than AD. The third experiment compared growth and survival on six diets: AD; AD + I; artificial diet with dried, ground upScrophularia californica leaves (AD + S); artificial diet with dried, ground upPlantago lanceolata leaves (AD + P);S. californica leaves (S); andP. lanceolata leaves (P). Growth was best onS. californica leaves, and survival was highest onS. californica andP. lanceolata leaves. There were no differences in growth rate or survival between AD andAD + I. Thus, iridoid glycosides serve as feeding attractants and stimulants for larvae ofEuphydryas chalcedona and are suggested as the basis of radiation in butterflies of the genusEuphydryas.
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    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 695-701 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kairomone ; pheromone ; parasitoid ; Telenomus remus ; Hymenoptera ; Scelionidae ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; fall armyworm ; (Z)-9-tetradecene-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-dodecene-1-ol
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Telenomus remits Nixon is a parasitoid that attacks egg masses ofSpodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Increased host-seeking behavior was elicited fromT. remus females in Y-tubes, Petri dish, and greenhouse bioassays byS. frugiperda female abdominal tips as well as (Z)-9-tetradecene-1-ol acetate and (Z)-9-dodecene-1-ol acetate.
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  • 48
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Epiphyas postvittana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; dose-response surface ; isobole ; male response
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bioassay studies with mixtures of the two components from the sex pheromone ofE. postvittana are used to construct a dose-response surface. The surface clearly shows the existence of a response maximum and that an optimum ratio of the two components applies over a wide range of concentrations. Probit transformations of the same data are used to construct an isobologram. The isobole has a sharp minimum at a ratio for the two components close to the ratio produced by the females.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Tobacco budworm ; Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; flight tunnel ; sex pheromone ; moth behavior ; rubber septa
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Each of the seven compounds that have been identified from femaleHeliothis virescens sex pheromone glands was examined for its ability to elicit sexual responses from male moths in a flight tunnel. The two compounds initially described as pheromone components, (itZ)-11-hexadecenal and (itZ)-9-tetradecenal, were necessary for behavioral activity to occur. Of the remaining five compounds, hexadecanal was most consistent in elevating behavioral activity of males when it was added to treatments. Live, calling females elicited greater sexual activity from males than did the 7-compound mixture on rubber septa.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insect sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; Autographa gamma L. ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; silver Y moth ; (Z)-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol ; ester ; alcohol
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    Notes: Abstract (Z)-7-Dodecen-1-yl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol were synthesized and tested on males of the silver Y moth (Autographa gamma L.) for sex attractant activity. The key step of the synthesis was the isomerization of acetylenic alcohol (III) with potassium 3-amino-propylamide. In EAG tests with a series of dodecen-1-yl acetates and alcohols, the highest activity was elicited by these two compounds. In field tests using three different kinds of dispensers, highest catches were achieved with a mixture of (Z)-7-dodecen-1 -yl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecen-1 -ol which contained 1–5% of the alcohol. Some evidence was also found for the presence of both compounds in extracts of the abdominal tip of females. The quantities of these components in the extract was 1.0 ng/female for the acetate, and 1.1 ng/female for the alcohol.
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  • 51
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    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 521-532 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cycnia tenera ; Arctiidae ; Lepidoptera ; Asclepias ; milkweeds ; cardenolides ; cardiac glycosides ; allelochemics ; plant-insect interactions ; plant secondary chemistry ; chemical ecology ; chemical defense ; kin selection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cycnia tenera adults, reared as larvae onAsclepias humistrata, had 10 times higher cardenolide concentrations, and contained 15 times more total cardenolide, than did moths reared onA. tuberosa. Thin-layer chromatography confirmed that each individual cardenolide visualized in the adult moths reared on the former host plant corresponds to one present in the plant, thus demonstrating that the insects' cardenolides are indeed derived from the larval food. Adult weights were significantly greater when the larvae had been fed upon the higher cardenolide plant species,A. humistrata. Similar results for other milkweed-feeding insects have been interpreted by some authors as evidence against a metabolic cost of handling cardenolides. However, such interpretations confound cardenolide differences among milkweed species with other differences in plant primary and secondary chemistry that affect insect growth and development. While the cooccurrence inC. tenera of other noxious chemicals (e.g., alkaloids) is not precluded, cardenolides sequestered from larval host plants have probably contributed to the evolution of visual and auditory aposematism in this species. As the eggs are laid in large clutches and larvae are gregarious, such aposematism may have evolved via kin selection.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: (Z)-13-Hexadecen-11-yn-1-yl acetate ; pine processionary moth ; Thaumetopoeapityocampa ; Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni ; Lepidoptera ; Notodontidae ; sex pheromone ; synthesis ; biological activity ; ester
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A short and stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-13-hexadecen-1 1-yn-1-yl acetate is described. The main feature is a low-temperature Wittig reaction of a triphenylpropylphosphonium bromide with a long-chain alkylated propargyl aldehyde.
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spruce budworm moths ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; attractants ; isomeric blends
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract E∶Z blends of (E)-11-tetradecenal were field tested (three experiments) for their attractiveness to male spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), moths in northern Maine. Blends of 92.5–99%E isomer caught the most moths (three experiments); blend 95%E had the highest cumulative catch throughout two experiments. Rates of catch per hour for the four most attractive blends (92.5–99%E) showed highly variable responses among experiments; however, similarities were noted for rates of catch within the same experiment. For all experiments and observation hours, blend 95%E had the highest mean rate of catch.
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  • 54
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 31-39 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Brachionus ; India ; biogeography
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The different species and infraspecific categories of the genus Brachionus, so far reported or described from India, are reviewed. Their distribution and taxonomic validity are discussed. Remarks are made on the ecology and epizoic nature of various species.
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  • 55
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 57-60 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Antarctic ; zoogeography
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    Notes: Abstract An assessment of the distribution of rotifers in the Antarctic and Subantarctic is attempted.
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  • 56
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 49-56 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Labrador and Newfoundland ; additions to known fauna ; species composition
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One hundred and thirty-one species of rotifers, belonging to 40 genera, are reported from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Of these, 101 are new records for the province and 21 are new records for Canada. Some species exhibited distinct differences from the original descriptions and are figured and discussed. Points of interest in species composition and distribution are noted.
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  • 57
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 41-47 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; diversity ; Australia ; tropical ; community
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Diversity and equitability of rotifer communities from billabongs (oxbows or cut-off meanders) in northern and southeastern Australia are compared. In both areas littoral taxa predominated in open water. Diversity values (Shannon-Wiener, H′) were higher than recorded for tropical assemblages elsewhere. Up to 80 rotifer species co-occurred in Northern Territory billabongs. Brachionids notably were absent; there was an apparent displacement of tropical assemblages into temperate Australia.
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  • 58
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 85-88 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; cryopreservation ; Brachionus plicatilis
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Development of techniques to maintain viable rotifer clones in a frozen state would preserve the genotype and reduce routine maintenance for those clones not being actively studied. To this end we have frozen Brachionus plicatilis in dimethyl sulfoxide at concentrations ranging from 6% to 18%. Survival rates decreased as the endpoint temperature was reduced from −20 °C to −45 °C, but did not decrease when the temperature was further reduced to −196 °C (liquid nitrogen). Only 2% of the individuals survived freezing in liquid nitrogen.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Brachionus plicatilis ; production ; aquaculture
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    Notes: Abstract Brachionus plicatilis were mass cultured using 10 M3,15 m3 and 20 m3 outdoor concrete tanks. Utilization efficiencies for different food combinations using marine yeast (Candida sp., MFD-Y-St.03), baker's yeast and Chlorella sp. for rotifer production were evaluated. With either marine yeast or baker's yeast, addition of Chlorella sp., at 0.5 m3 algal culture day−1 10 m−3 culture volume enhanced rotifer production. Under optimum conditions rotifer density was maintained at more than 450 individuals ml−1.
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  • 60
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 61-69 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; resting eggs ; hatching ; temperature ; salinity ; light ; algae
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hatching experiments were carried out on a population of Brachionus plicatilis (Dor strain) resting eggs produced in batch laboratory cultures under controlled conditions and then stored for at least one month at 4 °C in the dark. Light was found to be obligatory for termination of dormancy. Over the temperature range of 10–30 °C (at 9.0‰ salinity), hatching was optimal (40–70%) at 10–15 °C and decreased linearly with the rise in incubation temperature. Resting eggs incubated over a salinity range of 9–40‰ (at 15 °C) showed optimal hatching at 16‰. Incubation of resting eggs in distilled water permitted normal embryonic development, but neonates died at eclosion. Presence of algae, Chlorella stigmatophora (0.5 × 106 cell ml−1), was found to aid hatching.
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  • 61
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 71-75 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; recycle ; culture-ecosystem ; Brachionus
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A culture system for the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was designed to maintain higher food conversion rates and stable population densities. Two 2001 plastic tanks were employed in the culture experiments, tank A for ‘feedback’ culture and tank B for a control culture. The experiments were carried out for 70 days at 24 °C, light intensity, 1500 lux, and a photoperiod of L:D 15:9. B. plicatilis were fed once a day on baker's yeast and Chlorella. Food conversion rates in tanks A and B were 24.7% and 10.1%, respectively. Population density of B. plicatilis in tank A was consistently stable at 100–150 ind. ml−1 throughout the culture period. Density in tank B, however, showed large fluctuations after 40 or 50 days and by the end of the experiment, declined to zero.
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  • 62
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 131-134 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; scanning electron microscopy ; Floscularia ringens ; Asplanchna priodonta
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Scanning electron micrographs have been prepared of two species of rotifer, Floscularia ringens (Linnaeus, 1758) and Asplanchna priodonta Gosse, 1850, from specimens stored in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History) for over seventy years. It is believed that these include the first scanning electron micrographs of a sessile rotifer.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; aging ; Brachionus plicatilis ; swimming behaviour ; calcium ; automatic recording ; computer analysis
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    Notes: Abstract The swimming movements of young, middle-aged and old Brachionus plicatilis females, raised in calcium-sufficient and calcium-deficient culture media were recorded automatically. Computer analysis and statistical treatment of the results show that: 1) The middle-aged females swim faster than the young and the old females. In comparison to the middle-aged and the young, old females turn less often and nearly always toward the right, and they do not travel as far from their point of departure as the others 2) When the concentration of calcium in the medium is nearly zero, the swimming speed of middle-aged and old females is slower than that of middle-aged and old females raised in the presence of sufficient amounts of calcium
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  • 64
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 135-139 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; aging ; Lansing Effect ; life history patterns
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Lansing Effect, simply stated, is that the offspring of old parents tend to have shorter lifespans than the offspring of young parents and in both cases these tendencies are transmitted to successive generations. This statement is difficult to justify from Lansing's data because of the variation in mean lifespan that was observed from one generation to the next. A more precise statement of the Lansing Effect is that isogenic lines derived from young parents tend to persist for more generations than lines derived from old parents. Lansing considered aging to be the result of a factor that was transmitted from mother to offspring via the eggs. He proposed that this factor influences longevity and also alters the pattern of reproduction. Members of short-lived lines derived from old parents reproduced earlier and at higher rates in succeeding generations. In contrast, members of long-lived lines derived from young parents delayed initial reproduction to later age classes in succeeding generations. These proposals are examined using a life table analysis of Lansing's data. The results suggest that the Lansing Effect in Philodina citrina is not due to aging, but rather is the direct result of the changes in fecundity patterns. Accordingly, it would seem prudent to regard the Lansing Effect with some skepticism until more is known about its physiological basis.
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  • 65
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; embryogenesis ; organogenesis ; DNA replication
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA synthesis was inhibited during embryogenesis of Habrotrocha rosa with mitomycin C and hydroxyurea. Inhibition of DNA replication in early stages of embryogenesis, at the beginning of organogenesis, just after cavitation of the stomodeum, resulted in a complete inhibition of further development. After this stage of embryogenesis development was insensitive to inhibition of DNA replication.
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  • 66
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 89-129 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; mechanoreceptors ; chemoreceptors ; photoreceptors ; feeding behavior ; mating behavior ; analysis of trajects
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Résumé 1. Cette revue présente l'état actuel de nos connaissances sur les comportements des Rotifères. II s'agit soit de réponses immédiates, reflexes, a des stimulus, soit de séquences codées dont le déclenchement et la succession sont a base sensorielle: comportement alimentaire, reproducteur, ou qui suit la ponte chez N. copeus ... La perception de stimulations lumineuses ou chimiques contrôle les caractéristiques de la nage (taxies, ortho- et clinocinèses). Chaque comportement spécifique d'un Rotifère correspond à des différenciations morphologiques spécifiques des organes effecteurs (formations tégumentaires, glandulaires, cils et muscles), mais également a des sensibilités qui varient d'une espèce a l'autre, et ne sont pas toujours connues précisément. 2. Cette revue présente également l'état de nos connaissance sur les récepteurs sensoriels des Rotifères. Leur structure et leur organisation sont très variables d'une espéce a une autre, présentant des différenciations ciliaires ou membranaires très originales, parfois uniques dans le règne animal. Chaque récepteur sensoriel est constitué des terminaisons d'un à quelques neurones sensoriels. La localisation des organes sensoriels, et la spécialisation des structures sensorielles, permettent d'émettre des hypothèses quant a leur fonction dans la photo-, mécano-ou chimio-reception. 3. Au terme de ce double bilan, plusieurs questions demeurent: quels sont les récepteurs qui sont impliqués dans certaines sensibilités mises en evidence (vibro-réception par exemple, ou telle ou telle photo- ou chimio-réception)? Quelles sont les fonctions sensorielles précises de chaque récepteur décrit? Est-ce qu'à chaque structure sensorielle originale correspond une sensibilité originale? Par ailleurs, par leur faible taille, leur eutélie, leur paucicellularité (environ 1000 cellules dont 200 neurones), et leur isogénicité au sein de clones faciles à élever, les Rotiferes sont de bons modéles théoriques pour les neurobiologistes. Enfin, l'étude de ses sensibilités et de ses comportements est nécessaire pour comprendre l'écologie de chaque espèce, voire de chaque clone.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 149-153 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; acetylcholinesterase ; choline acetyltransferase ; neurotransmitter ; cholinergic ; histochemistry ; electrophoresis
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The presence of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase, enzymes involved in acetylcholine metabolism, has been shown in twelve species of rotifers. Both enzymes have been visualized by histochemical staining in live animals, and acetylcholinesterase was also isolated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. All the known ganglia of rotifers as well as some sensory nerve endings have been found to contain these enzymes. Preliminary experiments aimed at the detection of norepinephrine and tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in catecholamine metabolism, were unsuccessful.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 155-166 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; nutrition ; synxenic ; monoxenic ; axenic ; dl-tryptophan ; vitamin B12 ; thiamine
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolution of rotifer feeding/ nutritional studies is discussed together with their relevance to ecological observations. Aseptic conditions and initially synxenic cultures are regarded as a basis for nutritional work. The marine rotifer Encentrum linnhei requires the amino acid dl-tryptophan as a supplement to the food-alga Brachiomonas submarina. Observations on feeding rotifers in natural water samples, together with the morphology of their feeding mechanisms, show Encentrum to be an omnivore; a natural source of tryptophan is suggested. Vitamin B12 and thiamine requirements of Encentrum and Brachionus plicatilis are examined and evidence shown for the quantitative control of the former vitamin by the rotifer's food algae. Axenic cultivation of rotifers is discussed and restricted growth of Brachionus reported under such conditions.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Asplanchna ; population dynamics ; resting egg ; sexuality ; tocopherol
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    Notes: Abstract Ingestion of one prey rotifer containing about 0.02 pg tocopherol was sufficient to cause young amictic females to produce a high proportion of mictic daughters. Varying the concentration of emulsified tocopherol ol and the population density of amictic females suggested that mictic-female induction approached an all-or-nothing response at relatively high population densities and increased with population density only when population densities were very low. Amictic females hatching from resting eggs were less likely to produce mictic daughters than those hatching from parthenogenetic eggs.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 297-305 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Keratella ; morphological variation
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    Notes: Abstract The length of the lorica (LL) of Keratella cochlearis cochlearis and of K. cochlearis tecta and the length of posterior spine (PSL) of the latter morphotype were measured in the strongly eutrophic basin and also in the mesotrophic basin of Lake Biwa, Japan, from September to December, 1980. In the population from the mesotrophic basin, the individuals with longer PSL prevail and the tecta forms are extremely rare. The LL values of both morphotypes from one sample do not differ. In December the LL increased to 95 µm in both morphotypes from 80 µm observed in September, while the PSL values decreased abrubtly in both basins in the middle of this period. It is suggested that the observed increase of LL could be related to the thermic factor, i.e. a steady decrease of water temperature, and the changes of PSL are correlated with the increase of nannoplankton and detritus aggregates noted in November. In this month an increase in fecundity and in the total numbers of rotifers took place as well (Hillbricht-Ilkowska, in press).
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Rotatoria ; nomenclatuur ; history
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 3-7 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; parallelism ; evolution ; phylogeny
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    Notes: Abstract Parallelism in the evolution of rotifers is revealed in the repeated appearance, reduction, consolidation or enlargement of common structures as well as by left-right handedness. A possible phylogenetic scheme of rotifer evolution is given.
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  • 73
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 9-17 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Western Australia ; ephemeral waters ; zoogeography
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    Notes: Abstract The rotifer fauna of 100 fresh and saline wetlands of southwest Western Australia is documented. A systematic list of 83 recorded taxa is given, with eleven new records for the continent and two new species (Brachionus pinneenaus n. sp. and Lecane boorali n. sp.) described and figured. Species assemblages are distinct from those of eastern Australia, with predominant taxa halophilous or indicative of ephemeral waters. Evolutionary and biogeographical relationships of the Western Australian rotifers are considered.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 311-315 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; temperature ; Scotland ; occurrence ; grazing ; population dynamics
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    Notes: Abstract Many rotifer species in Loch Leven show a distinct seasonality in occurrence. This appears to be primarily an effect of temperature. While some species seem to be eurythermal, other species show a well-defined range of temperature preference, outside which they are unable to maintain populations. Within this range, there is a close correlation between food availability and rotifer abundance.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 317-323 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Cupelopagis vorax ; sessile rotifers ; sexual reproduction ; substrate selection
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    Notes: Abstract Cupelopagis vorax was sampled for one year with a glass slide sampler. Slides were collected every two weeks and the numbers and locations of settled individuals noted. Reproductive condition of the collected rotifers was recorded. The population appeared suddenly and rapidly attained peak numbers. C. vorax shows a distinct preference for the underside of horizontally-oriented surfaces. Sexual reproduction occurred when the number of settling individuals was maximum.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 325-328 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Keratella cochlearis ; growth ; size ; culture ; food algae
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Keratella cochlearis (Gosse) was cultured non-axenically in Carefoot medium diluted with Erken water at 5 °C, 15 °C and 20 °C with Rhodomonas minuta (Skuja) as a food alga. The rotifer reached ca. 120 ind. ml−1, having generation times of 2–7 days, a Q10-value of ca. 2, and at the lowest temperature 〉20% longer posterior spines. When co-cultured with Chlorella sp., at 0–30 mg Ca l−1 and 1.6 meq NaHCO3 l−1 in medium L 11 at 20 °C, the maximum generation time and individual numbers were 3–4 days and up to 100 ind. ml−1, respectively. Animal numbers increased in relation to nutrient multiples, up to two multiples, of the culture medium L 16. Growth and length were reduced, although the width increased above two multiples of this culture medium. The trace metal tolerance was broad and increased additions of a metal mixture (L 11) slightly increased the length of the rotifers. No major changes in the length were observed when HCO3 or Ca were varied in the culture medium (L 11), although a decrease in the length was noted in old cultures.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 329-333 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; zooplankton ; production ; Rotatoria ; P/B ratio ; eutrophication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The production of planktonic rotifers was studied in eutrophic Lake Ormajärvi. Of the total annual production of rotifers (2.9 g org. C m−2 or 231 mg dry weight m−3) 49% was achieved during one month (July) and 88% during 3 months of summer. The most important producers were Keratella cochlearis (1.2 g C m−2), Asplanchna priodonta (0.8 g C m−2) and Conochilus unicornis (0.6 g C m−2). The P/B ratio for the total rotifer community during the growing season (7 months) was 25.0; monthly P/ B values varied between 0.3 and 5.2. The daily P/ B values were highest among species of Collotheca. The relationships of rotifers to some biotic and abiotic factors (invertebrate predators — Mesocyclops, Cladocera, planktonic Protozoa and temperature) are briefly discussed.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 335-340 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; annual fluctuation ; eutrophication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Spatial and temporal fluctuations in rotifer abundance have been monitored along a trophic gradient in the northern Baltic. The most common rotifer was Synchaeta spp., which had one abundance peak in June and one in September–October. Only during the latter period was the abundance significantly higher in the eutrophic basin compared to the reference area. The annual production of Synchaeta spp. was about double in the eutrophic basin. A positive correlation between Synchaeta spp. biomass and phytoplankton biomass was obtained during the autumn, but not during the early summer peak, although the phytoplankton community was dominated by the same species. Keratella quadrata, K. cochlearis and K. cruciformis were most abundant in August–September, and all three species had increased abundance in the eutrophic basin.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 349-352 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; abundance ; succession ; Synchaeta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Twenty species of planktonic rotifers were important in Lake Biel during 1978. Eight species were present throughout the year, four species occurred only in spring and eight species in summer or autumn. Rotifer numbers attained two major maxima, one in May (19.3 106 ind. m−2) and one in August (16.5 106 ind. m−2). Predominant genera were Synchaeta, Polyarthra, Conochilus, Asplanchna and Keratella. Within the genus Synchaeta a succession of different species was observed.
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  • 80
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 353-356 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; species diversity ; spatial overlap ; predation pressure ; Asplanchna herricki
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal changes of species diversity (Hr) and average spatial overlap (Ōjk) of planktonic rotifers in a mesotrophic lake were examined with respect to their dependence on habitat diversity (Hh) and on a predator (Asplanchna herricki). Hr was positively correlated with the density of A. herricki and with Hh. In the absence of A. herricki there was no correlation between Hr and Hh. Ōjk was negatively correlated with the density of A. herricki and with Hh; the correlation between Ōjk and Hh was independent of the presence of the predator.
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  • 81
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 341-347 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; occurrences ; pools ; lake ; intentional ; change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A comparison of population dynamics of rotifers under natural conditions with those under intentionally-changed ones was carried out at one Lake and five outdoor pools. In Lake Numasawa, dominant rotifers under natural conditions for the past two years were Polyarthra trigla vulgaris, Kellicottia longispina, Ploesoma truncatum, Asplanchna priodonta and Filinia longiseta. Keratella hiemalis, K. cochlearis, K. valga tropica, Brachionus caudatus and Ascomorpha saltans appeared sporadically. Three months after the start of circulation of part of the lake water by a water power plant no remarkable changes were observed as far as the seasonal and vertical distribution of dominant rotifers are concerned. In five pools with different kinds and ratios of covering by such macrophytes as Eichornia and Lemna or reed screen, three types of rotifer communities were found. Type I: Liliferotrocha sp., Brachionus calyciflorus, (B. budapestinensis), B. angularis, K. valga tropica, etc., in which both densities and frequencies were generally reduced in proportion to the ratio of covering either with macrophytes or reed screens. Type II: Filinia longiseta, Polyarthra trigla vulgaris, Asplanchnella sieboldi, etc. in which densities and frequencies were increased by covering either with macrophytes or reed screens. Type III: Trichocerca pusilla, B. quadridentatus, B. leydigi rotundus, Scaridium longicaudum, Euchlanis dilatata, Dicranophorus sp., etc, in which no precise correlation was found between occurrences of the Rotifers and ratio of covering.
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 357-361 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; indicators of trophy ; indicators of lake types
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Data on the pelagic rotifer fauna in 10 Estonian lakes accumulated for 20 years, as well as published data are analysed. It is possible to distinguish three main indicator groups among rotifers: (1) for oligo- and mesotrophic lakes (Ploesoma hudsoni, Keratella serrulata, Synchaeta grandis, Asplanchna herricki, Ascomorpha ovalis, Gastropus stylifer, Conochilus hippocrepsis); (2) for meso-and eutrophic lakes (Trichocerca capucina, Filinia longiseta, F. limnetica, Keratella quadrata, K. cochlearis tecta, K.c. hispida, Polyarthra euryptera, Keratella hiemalis, Trichocerca porcellus, T. pusilla); (3) for eutrophic lakes (Brachionus spp., Anuraeopsis fissa, Pompholyx sulcata, P. complanata, Trichocerca cylindrica, Hexarthra mira).
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  • 83
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 363-365 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; population dynamics ; predation ; competition ; species diversity ; Asplanchna ; Keratella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Extremely high abundance of Asplanchna priodonta led to a decline in the population of the preferred food species, Keratella cochlearis and subsequently, to the extinction of the predator population. Kellicottia longispina was obviously favoured by the predatory losses of the Keratella. Thus, the interactions between Asplanchna and Keratella influenced the zooplankton community structure.
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    Hydrobiologia 98 (1983), S. 45-54 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; plankton ; succession ; biomass ; soda lakes ; Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The quantitative succession of the spring and summer rotifer plankton and its biomass in six lakes of the Eastern Rift Valley of Kenya is discussed. The lakes can be divided into two groups: the low conductivity slightly alkaline lakes Naivasha, Oloidien and the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria; and the high conductivity, highly alkaline-saline lakes Nakuru, Elmenteita and Bogoria. The former three show a qualitatively rich, typical warmwater rotifer association dominated by Brachionids and Filinia. The saline soda lakes are dominated by several populations of Brachionus dimidiatus, which can reach enormous numbers. The taxonomy and biometry of this species was subjected to statistical analysis. Some interesting and rare species are described: Anuraeopsis coelata, Lepadella triptera f. deconincki, Trichocerca gracilis and T. mus. The chemical limnology of the lakes is discussed and compared with other soda lakes in Central Africa, Europe and North America.
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