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  • Elsevier  (46,379)
  • Wiley  (10,223)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (3,639)
  • 2020-2024  (4,368)
  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1980-1984  (55,873)
  • 1925-1929
  • 2022  (4,368)
  • 1983  (55,873)
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  • 1
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    Annual transcriptome of a key zooplankton species, the copepod Calanus finmarchicus (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, 12(e8605)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: The copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Crustacea, Copepoda) is a key zooplanktonic spe-cies with a crucial position in the North Atlantic food web and significant contributor to ocean carbon flux. Like many other high latitude animals, it has evolved a programmed arrested development called diapause to cope with long periods of limited food sup-ply, while growth and reproduction are timed to take advantage of seasonal peaks in primary production. However, anthropogenic warming is inducing changes in the expected timing of phytoplankton blooms, suggesting phenological mismatches with negative consequences for the N. Atlantic ecosystem. While diapause mechanisms are mainly studied in terrestrial arthropods, specifically on laboratory model species, such as the fruit fly Drosophila, the molecular investigations of annual rhythms in wild marine species remain fragmentary. Here we performed a rigorous year-l ong monthly sampling campaign of C. finmarchicus in a Scottish Loch (UK; 56.45°N, 5.18°W) to generate an annual transcriptome. The mRNA of 36 samples (monthly triplicate of 25 individuals) have been deeply sequenced with an average depth of 137 ± 4 million reads (mean ± SE) per sample, aligned to the reference transcriptome, and filtered. We detail the quality assessment of the datasets and provide a high- quality resource for the investigation of wild annual transcriptomic rhythms (35,357 components) in a key diapausing zooplanktonic species.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Transformation of dissolved organic matter by two 〈scp〉Indo‐Pacific〈/scp〉 sponges (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the largest organic carbon reservoir in the ocean and an integral component of biogeochemical cycles. The role of free-living microbes in DOM transformation has been studied thoroughly, whereas little attention has been directed towards the influence of benthic organisms. Sponges are efficient filter feeders and common inhabitants of many benthic communities circumglobally. Here, we investigated how two tropical coral reef sponges shape marine DOM. We compared bacterial abundance, inorganic and organic nutrients in off reef, sponge inhalant, and sponge exhalant water of Melophlus sarasinorum and Rhabdastrella globostellata. DOM and bacterial cells were taken up, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen was released by the two Indo-Pacific sponges. Both sponge species utilized a common set of 142 of a total of 3040 compounds detected in DOM on a molecular formula level via ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, species-specific uptake was observed, likely due to differences in their associated microbial communities. Overall, the sponges removed presumably semi-labile and semi-refractory compounds from the water column, thereby competing with pelagic bacteria. Within minutes, sponge holobionts altered the molecular composition of surface water DOM (inhalant) into a composition similar to deep-sea DOM (exhalent). The apparent radiocarbon age of DOM increased consistently from off reef and inhalant to exhalant by about 900 14C years for M. sarasinorum. In the pelagic, similar transformations require decades to centuries. Our results stress the dependence of DOM lability definition on the respective environment and illustrate that sponges are hotspots of DOM transformation in the ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 3
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    A common temperature dependence of nutritional demands in ectotherms (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecology Letters, Wiley, ISSN: 1461-023X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: In light of ongoing climate change, it is increasingly important to know how nutritional requirements of ectotherms are affected by changing temperatures. Here, we analyse the wide thermal response of phosphorus (P) requirements via elemental gross growth efficiencies of Carbon (C) and P, and the Threshold Elemental Ratios in different aquatic invertebrate ectotherms: the freshwater model species Daphnia magna, the marine copepod Acartia tonsa, the marine heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina, and larvae of two populations of the marine crab Carcinus maenas. We show that they all share a non-linear cubic thermal response of nutrient requirements. Phosphorus requirements decrease from low to intermediate temperatures, increase at higher temperatures and decrease again when temperature is excessive. This common thermal response of nutrient requirements is of great importance if we aim to understand or even predict how ectotherm communities will react to global warming and nutrient-driven eutrophication.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 4
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    Modeling drivers of biodiversity change emphasizes the need for multivariate assessments and rescaled targeting for management (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Conservation Science and Practice, Wiley, 4(10), ISSN: 2578-4854
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-04
    Description: The current policy and goals aimed to conserve biodiversity and manage biodiversity change are often formulated at the global scale. At smaller scales however, biodiversity change is more nuanced leading to a plethora of trends in different metrics of alpha diversity and temporal turnover. Therefore, large-scale policy targets do not translate easily into local to regional management decisions for biodiversity. Using long-term monitoring data from the Wadden Sea (Southern North Sea), joining structural equation models and general dissimilarity models enabled a better overview of the drivers of biodiversity change. Few commonalities emerged as birds, fish, macroinvertebrates, and phytoplankton differed in their response to certain drivers of change. These differences were additionally dependent upon the biodiversity aspect in question and which environmental data were recorded in each monitoring program. No single biodiversity metric or model sufficed to capture all ongoing change, which requires an explicitly multivariate approaches to biodiversity assessment in local ecosystem management.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    A new procedure for evaluating light-to-moderate earthquake location based on InSAR data and forward modeling tested on Mediterranean area (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-18
    Description: We propose a procedure based on remote sensing Sentinel-1 InSAR data aiming at evaluating the variability of the moment tensor solutions provided by different agencies in case of light-to-moderate earthquake. We model the expected coseismic ground deformations from the available moment tensor solutions and compare them with the real ones retrieved with the InSAR data. Any differences between location and intensity of simulated and estimated seismic-induced deformation fields allow indirectly evaluating the variability of the solutions in terms of epicenter locations and kinematics of the causative faults. We applied this investigation method to several light (4〈Mw 〈 4.9) to moderate (5〈Mw 〈 5.9) earthquakes occurred along the Mediterranean area since the launch of the Sentinel-1A mission in 2014. The selected seismic events cover all the faulting mechanisms and are characterized by different estimated magnitudes and depths thus offering a synoptic view of the performance of the procedure in several cases. Thanks to the global coverage and the unprecedented revisit time of Sentinel-1 acquisitions, the proposed procedure can be easily extended to any seismic event occurred inland worldwide.
    Description: Published
    Description: 100057
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    To forty more years of Political Geography (2022)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Political Geography, Elsevier, 92, pp. 102581-102581, ISSN: 0962-6298
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-30
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 7
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    Incorporation of Na and S in bamboo coral skeletons (2022)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Chemical Geology, Elsevier, 597, pp. 120795-120795, ISSN: 0167-6695
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-30
    Description: Ocean environmental conditions can be inferred from the chemical composition of bamboo coral skeletons. The high magnesium calcite internodes of these long-living octocorals may therefore represent a potential archive for seawater properties such as salinity or temperature where instrumental time series are absent. To extend these time series into the past using a natural archive the principles of temperature and salinity signal incorporation into cold-water coral skeletal material need to be investigated. Since skeletal Na and S concentrations have been proposed as environmental proxies, we mapped the spatial distribution and concentration of these elements in two Atlantic specimens of Keratoisis grayi (family Isididae). These measurements were conducted with an electron microprobe applying a spatial resolution of 4 μm. The mean apparent distribution coefficient of Na/Ca for the two samples was within 2.5 and 2.8*10−4, while that of S shows a similar depletion relative to seawater with 3.8 and 3.6*10−3. The two elements show an inverse correlation in bamboo coral skeletons. The mean apparent distribution coefficient of Na is similar to that of abiotic calcites. This similarity can be interpreted as the absence of significant vital effects for skeletal Na/Ca. Hence it corroborates the idea that the average skeletal composition of bamboo corals holds the potential to record past seawater conditions. In contrast, it appears unlikely that the spatial variations of the element distribution of seemingly simultaneously precipitated material along growth rings are exclusively controlled by environmental factors. We further exclude Rayleigh fractionation, ion-specific pumping, and Ca/proton exchange as the driver of Na and S distribution in bamboo corals. Instead, we adapt a calcification model originally proposed for scleractinians to bamboo corals. This model can explain the observed distribution of Na and S in the skeleton by a combination of Ca/proton pumping, bicarbonate active transport, and the formation of an organic skeletal matrix. The adapted model can further be used to predict the theoretical behaviour of other elements and disentangle vital effects from external factors influencing compositional features. It is therefore a useful tool for future studies on the potential of bamboo corals as environmental archives.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
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    Temporal declines in Wadden Sea phytoplankton cell volumes observed within and across species (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, 67(2), pp. 468-481, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-27
    Description: Cell size is a master trait in the functional ecology of phytoplankton correlating with numerous morphological, physiological, and life-cycle characteristics of species that constrain their nutrient use, growth, and edibility. In contrast to well-known spatial patterns in cell size at macroecological scales or temporal changes in experimental contexts, few data sets allow testing temporal changes in cell sizes within ecosystems. To analyze the temporal changes of intraspecific and community-wide cell size, we use the phytoplankton data derived from the Lower Saxony Wadden Sea monitoring program, which comprises sample- and species-specific measurements of cell volume from 1710 samples collected over 14 yr. We find significant reductions in both the cell volume of most species and the weighted mean cell size of communities. Mainly diatoms showed this decline, whereas the size of dinoflagellates seemed to be less responsive. The magnitude of the trend indicates that cell volumes are about 30% smaller now than a decade ago. This interannual trend is overlayed by seasonal cycles with smaller cells typically observed in summer. In the subset of samples including environmental conditions, small community cell size was strongly related to high temperatures and low total phosphorus concentration. We conclude that cell size captures ongoing changes in phytoplankton communities beyond the changes in species composition. In addition, based on the changes in species biovolumes revealed by our analysis, we warn that using standard cell size values in phytoplankton assessment will not only miss temporal changes in size, but also lead to systematic errors in biomass estimates over time.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    Drivers of global pre‐industrial patterns of species turnover in planktonic foraminifera (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecography, Wiley, 2022(1), ISSN: 0906-7590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-27
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Anthropogenic climate change is altering global biogeographical patterns. However, it remains difficult to quantify how bioregions are changing because pre‐industrial records of species distributions are rare. Marine microfossils, such as planktonic foraminifera, are preserved in seafloor sediments and allow the quantification of bioregions in the past. Using a recently compiled data set of pre‐industrial species composition of planktonic foraminifera in 3802 worldwide seafloor sediments, we employed multivariate and statistical model‐based approaches to study spatial turnover in order to 1) quantify planktonic foraminifera bioregions and 2) understand the environmental drivers of species turnover. Four latitudinally banded bioregions emerge from the global assemblage data. The polar and temperate bioregions are bi‐hemispheric, supporting the idea that planktonic foraminifera species are not limited by dispersal. The equatorial bioregion shows complex longitudinal patterns and overlaps in sea surface temperature (SST) range with the tropical bioregion. Compositional‐turnover models (Bayesian bootstrap generalised dissimilarity models) identify SST as the strongest driver of species turnover. The turnover rate is constant across most of the SST gradient, showing no SST threshold values with rapid shifts in species composition, but decelerates above 25°C, suggesting SST is less predictive of species composition in warmer waters. Other environmental predictors affect species turnover non‐linearly, and their importance differs across regions. In the Pacific ocean, net primary productivity below 500 mgC m〈jats:sup〉−2〈/jats:sup〉 day〈jats:sup〉−1〈/jats:sup〉 drives fast compositional change. Water depth values below 3000 m (which affect calcareous microfossil preservation) increasingly drive changes in species composition among death assemblages in the Pacific and Indian oceans. Together, our results suggest that the dynamics of planktonic foraminifera bioregions are expected to be highly responsive to climate change; however, at lower latitudes, environmental drivers other than SST may affect these dynamics.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    Failures to disagree are essential for environmental science to effectively influence policy development (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecology Letters, Wiley, 25(5), pp. 1075-1093, ISSN: 1461-023X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-27
    Description: While environmental science, and ecology in particular, is working to provide better understanding to base sustainable decisions on, the way scientific understanding is developed can at times be detrimental to this cause. Locked-in debates are often unnecessarily polarised and can compromise any common goals of the opposing camps. The present paper is inspired by a resolved debate from an unrelated field of psychology where Nobel laureate David Kahneman and Garry Klein turned what seemed to be a locked-in debate into a constructive process for their fields. The present paper is also motivated by previous discourses regarding the role of thresholds in natural systems for management and governance, but its scope of analysis targets the scientific process within complex social-ecological systems in general. We identified four features of environmental science that appear to predispose for locked-in debates: (1) The strongly context-dependent behaviour of ecological systems. (2) The dominant role of single hypothesis testing. (3) The high prominence given to theory demonstration compared investigation. (4) The effect of urgent demands to inform and steer policy. This fertile ground is further cultivated by human psychological aspects as well as the structure of funding and publication systems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    Low statistical power and overestimated anthropogenic impacts, exacerbated by publication bias, dominate field studies in global change biology (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Change Biology, Wiley, 28(3), pp. 969-989, ISSN: 1354-1013
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-27
    Description: Field studies are essential to reliably quantify ecological responses to global change because they are exposed to realistic climate manipulations. Yet such studies are limited in replicates, resulting in less power and, therefore, potentially unreliable effect estimates. Furthermore, while manipulative field experiments are assumed to be more powerful than non-manipulative observations, it has rarely been scrutinized using extensive data. Here, using 3847 field experiments that were designed to estimate the effect of environmental stressors on ecosystems, we systematically quantified their statistical power and magnitude (Type M) and sign (Type S) errors. Our investigations focused upon the reliability of field experiments to assess the effect of stressors on both ecosystem's response magnitude and variability. When controlling for publication bias, single experiments were underpowered to detect response magnitude (median power: 18%–38% depending on effect sizes). Single experiments also had much lower power to detect response variability (6%–12% depending on effect sizes) than response magnitude. Such underpowered studies could exaggerate estimates of response magnitude by 2–3 times (Type M errors) and variability by 4–10 times. Type S errors were comparatively rare. These observations indicate that low power, coupled with publication bias, inflates the estimates of anthropogenic impacts. Importantly, we found that meta-analyses largely mitigated the issues of low power and exaggerated effect size estimates. Rather surprisingly, manipulative experiments and non-manipulative observations had very similar results in terms of their power, Type M and S errors. Therefore, the previous assumption about the superiority of manipulative experiments in terms of power is overstated. These results call for highly powered field studies to reliably inform theory building and policymaking, via more collaboration and team science, and large-scale ecosystem facilities. Future studies also require transparent reporting and open science practices to approach reproducible and reliable empirical work and evidence synthesis.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 12
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    Cell size as driver and sentinel of phytoplankton community structure and functioning (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Functional Ecology, Wiley, 36(2), pp. 276-293, ISSN: 0269-8463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-27
    Description: Body size is a decisive functional trait in many organisms, especially for phytoplankton, which span several orders of magnitude in cell volume. Therefore, the analysis of size as a functional trait driving species’ performance has received wide attention in aquatic ecology, amended in recent decades by studies documenting changes in phytoplankton size in response to abiotic or biotic factors in the environment. We performed a systematic literature review to provide an overarching, partially quantitative synthesis of cell size as a driver and sentinel of phytoplankton ecology. We found consistent and significant allometric relationships between cell sizes and the functional performance of phytoplankton species (cellular rates of carbon fixation, respiration and exudation as well as resource affinities, uptake and content). Size scaling became weaker, absent or even negative when addressing C- or volume-specific rates or growth. C-specific photosynthesis and population growth rate peaked at intermediate cell sizes around 100 µm3. Additionally, we found a rich literature on sizes changing in response to warming, nutrients and pollutants. Whereas small cells tended to dominate under oligotrophic and warm conditions, there are a few notable exceptions, which indicates that other environmental or biotic constraints alter this general trend. Grazing seems a likely explanation, which we reviewed to understand both how size affects edibility and how size structure changes in response to grazing. Cell size also predisposes the strength and outcome of competitive interactions between algal species. Finally, we address size in a community context, where size-abundance scaling describes community composition and thereby the biodiversity in phytoplankton assemblages. We conclude that (a) size is a highly predictive trait for phytoplankton metabolism at the cellular scale, with less strong and nonlinear implications for growth and specific metabolism and (b) size structure is a highly suitable sentinel of phytoplankton responses to changing environments. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 13
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    Sliding modes in the management of renewable resources (2022)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Automatica, Elsevier, 144, pp. 110487-110487, ISSN: 0005-1098
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-23
    Description: The presence of tipping points in ecological systems implies abrupt changes in the dynamics of the ecosystem. In these piecewise-smooth dynamical systems sliding dynamics, i.e., dynamics on the switching boundary, have been reported for population models. However, the question whether or not, and if so under which conditions, sliding dynamics may occur in an optimally controlled system have not yet been studied. We explore this issue in a simple harvesting model with two regimes, and find that optimal sliding may occur if regular steady states do not exist. Hence, sliding dynamics may be part of an optimal policy.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    The Underwater Vision Profiler 6: an imaging sensor of particle size spectra and plankton, for autonomous and cabled platforms (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography Methods, Wiley, 20(2), pp. 115-129, ISSN: 1541-5856
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-01
    Description: Autonomous and cabled platforms are revolutionizing our understanding of ocean systems by providing 4D monitoring of the water column, thus going beyond the reach of ship-based surveys and increasing the depth of remotely sensed observations. However, very few commercially available sensors for such platforms are capable of monitoring large particulate matter (100–2000 μm) and plankton despite their important roles in the biological carbon pump and as trophic links from phytoplankton to fish. Here, we provide details of a new, commercially available scientific camera-based particle counter, specifically designed to be deployed on autonomous and cabled platforms: the Underwater Vision Profiler 6 (UVP6). Indeed, the UVP6 camera-and-lighting and processing system, while small in size and requiring low power, provides data of quality comparable to that of previous much larger UVPs deployed from ships. We detail the UVP6 camera settings, its performance when acquiring data on aquatic particles and plankton, their quality control, analysis of its recordings, and streaming from in situ acquisition to users. In addition, we explain how the UVP6 has already been integrated into platforms such as BGC-Argo floats, gliders and long-term mooring systems (autonomous platforms). Finally, we use results from actual deployments to illustrate how UVP6 data can contribute to addressing longstanding questions in marine science, and also suggest new avenues that can be explored using UVP6-equipped autonomous platforms.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 15
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    Distribution of phycotoxins in Última Esperanza Province during the PROFAN expedition 2019 (2022)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Progress in Oceanography, Elsevier, 206, pp. 102851, ISSN: 00796611
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-01
    Description: Harmful Algae Blooms pose an increasing threat to the public health and economic stability of Southern Chile, particularly to the aquaculture industries. This fieldwork performed during the PROFAN expedition from 12th to 22nd November 2019 extends the knowledge on the distribution of marine toxin-producing species in the difficult to access Última Esperanza Province in the Magallanes Region. Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning toxins with high relative abundances of saxitoxin and lipophilic toxins dominated by yessotoxins, pectenotoxins and domoic acid were detected at nearly each sampling station. The respective toxin-producing organisms are mainly from the genus Alexandrium and Dinophysis. Furthermore, the first detection of pinnatoxin-G (PnTx-G) in Chilean waters strongly indicates the presence of the dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 16
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    Front Cover: Transcriptome–proteome compendium of the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba): Metabolic potential and repertoire of hydrolytic enzymes (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Proteomics, Wiley, 22(18), pp. 2270121-2270121, ISSN: 1615-9853
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: The Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) is a keystone species in the Southern Ocean that uses an arsenal of hydrolases for biomacromolecule decomposition to effectively digest its omnivorous diet. The present study builds on a hybrid-assembled transcriptome (13,671 ORFs) combined with comprehensive proteome profiling. The analysis of individual krill compartments allowed detection of significantly more different proteins compared to that of the entire animal (1464 vs. 294 proteins). The nearby krill sampling stations in the Bransfield Strait (Antarctic Peninsula) yielded rather uniform proteome datasets. Proteins related to energy production and lipid degradation were particularly abundant in the abdomen, agreeing with the high energy demand of muscle tissue. A total of 378 different biomacromolecule hydrolysing enzymes were detected, including 250 proteases, 99 CAZymes, 14 nucleases and 15 lipases. The large repertoire in proteases is in accord with the protein-rich diet affiliatedwith E. superba’s omnivorous lifestyle and complex biology. The richness in chitin-degrading enzymes allows not only digestion of zooplankton diet, but also the utilisation of the discharged exoskeleton after moulting.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 17
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    Environmentally induced functional shifts in phytoplankton and their potential consequences for ecosystem functioning (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Change Biology, Wiley, 28(8), pp. 2804-2819, ISSN: 1354-1013
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Phytoplanktonic organisms are particularly sensitive to environmental change, and, as they represent a direct link between abiotic and biotic compartments within the marine food web, changes in the functional structure of phytoplankton communities can result in profound impacts on ecosystem functioning. Using a trait-based approach, we examined changes in the functional structure of the southern North Sea phytoplankton over the past five decades in relation to environmental conditions. We identified a shift in functional structure between 1998 and 2004 which coincides with a pronounced increase in diatom and decrease in dinoflagellate abundances, and we provide a mechanistic explanation for this taxonomic change. Early in the 2000s, the phytoplankton functional structure shifted from slow growing, autumn blooming, mixotrophic organisms, towards earlier blooming and faster-growing microalgae. Warming and decreasing dissolved phosphorus concentrations were linked to this rapid reorganization of the functional structure. We identified a potential link between this shift and dissolved nutrient concentrations, and we hypothesise that organisms blooming early and displaying high growth rates efficiently take up nutrients which then are no longer available to late bloomers. Moreover, we identified that the above-mentioned functional change may have bottom-up consequences, through a food quality-driven negative influence on copepod abundances. Overall, our study highlights that, by altering the phytoplankton functional composition, global and regional changes may have profound long-term impacts on coastal ecosystems, impacting both food-web structure and biogeochemical cycles.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 18
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    A site-specific earthquake ground response analysis using a fault-based approach and nonlinear modeling: the Case Pente site (Sulmona, Italy) (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-17
    Description: In this paper we present the ground response analyses (GRA) of a site where an industrial facility is planned. Because of its location on an active normal fault system known as a relevant seismic gap, the Mt. Morrone Fault system (MMF), and at the edge of a basin filled with slow velocity continental deposits, a inter-disciplinary and non-standard approach has been applied to assess the seismic input of the dynamic numerical analyses. It includes geological, seismological, geotechnical and engineering contributions. Two fault scenarios, MMF1 and MMF2, were considered and scenario-based (SSHA) and probabilistic (time-dependent, TD, and time-independent, TI) seismic hazard (PSHA) analyses were implemented. Comparison among the spectra corresponding to the 90th percentile of the SSHA statistical distribution and the PSHA average ones, shows that the MMF2 has values similar to the TD model. The SSHA 90th percentile distribution was selected as target spectra to retrieve the seismic input for GRA. Nonlinear numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation were implemented to derive surface ground motion parameters. GRA acceleration response spectra and their PGA are notably higher, and thus on the safety site, than those obtained following the Italian code approach for seismic resistant buildings. These results confirm that a scenario-based methodology can better capture the shaking effect in near-field conditions, avoiding possibly unconservative underestimations of the seismic actions and in view of a more robust performance-based approach used by engineers for either new design and/or assessment/retrofit purposes of the built environment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106970
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
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    Method optimization of the simultaneous detection of B12 congeners leading to the detection of a novel isomer of hydroxycobalamin in seawater (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Wiley, 36(23), pp. e9401-e9401, ISSN: 0951-4198
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-17
    Description: Rationale More than half of surveyed microalgae and over 90% of harmful algae have an obligate requirement for vitamin B12, but methods for directly measuring dissolved B12 in seawater are scarce due to low concentrations and rapid light-induced hydrolysis. Methods We present a method to detect and measure the four main congeners of vitamin B12 dissolved in seawater. The method includes solid-phase extraction, separation by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and detection by triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry utilizing an electrospray ion source. This method was applied to coastal field samples collected in the German Bay, Baltic Sea and the Danish Limfjord system. Results The total dissolved B12 pool ranged between 0.5 and 2.1 pM. Under ambient conditions methyl-B12 and adenosyl-B12 were nearly fully hydrolyzed to hydroxy-B12 in less than 1 h. Hydroxy-B12 and a novel, corresponding isomer were the main forms of B12 found at all field sites. This isomer eluted well after the OH-B12 peak and was also detected in commercially available OH-B12. Both compounds showed very high similarity in their collision-induced dissociation spectra. Conclusions The high instability of the biologically active forms of Me-B12 and Ado-B12 towards hydrolysis was shown, highlighting the importance of reducing the duration of the extraction protocol. In addition, the vitamin B12 pool in the study area was mostly comprised of a previously undescribed isomer of OH-B12. Further studies into the structure of this isomer and its bioavailability are needed.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 20
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    Method optimization of the simultaneous detection of B12 congeners leading to the detection of a novel isomer of hydroxycobalamin in seawater (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Wiley, 36(23), pp. e9401-e9401, ISSN: 0951-4198
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-17
    Description: Rationale More than half of surveyed microalgae and over 90% of harmful algae have an obligate requirement for vitamin B12, but methods for directly measuring dissolved B12 in seawater are scarce due to low concentrations and rapid light-induced hydrolysis. Methods We present a method to detect and measure the four main congeners of vitamin B12 dissolved in seawater. The method includes solid-phase extraction, separation by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and detection by triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry utilizing an electrospray ion source. This method was applied to coastal field samples collected in the German Bay, Baltic Sea and the Danish Limfjord system. Results The total dissolved B12 pool ranged between 0.5 and 2.1 pM. Under ambient conditions methyl-B12 and adenosyl-B12 were nearly fully hydrolyzed to hydroxy-B12 in less than 1 h. Hydroxy-B12 and a novel, corresponding isomer were the main forms of B12 found at all field sites. This isomer eluted well after the OH-B12 peak and was also detected in commercially available OH-B12. Both compounds showed very high similarity in their collision-induced dissociation spectra. Conclusions The high instability of the biologically active forms of Me-B12 and Ado-B12 towards hydrolysis was shown, highlighting the importance of reducing the duration of the extraction protocol. In addition, the vitamin B12 pool in the study area was mostly comprised of a previously undescribed isomer of OH-B12. Further studies into the structure of this isomer and its bioavailability are needed.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 21
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    Experiential learning, practices, and space for change: The institutional preconfiguration of community participation in flood risk reduction (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Flood Risk Management, Wiley, ISSN: 1753-318X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Responding to societal challenges requires an understanding of how institutional change happens or does not happen. In the context of flood risk reduction, a central impediment of transformational change is a struggle over how public participation is understood and practiced. Risk institutions are often portrayed as resistant to change, which overlooks the individuals within institutions who struggle to implement innovative power-sharing approaches/arrangements. Using two rounds of qualitative interviews spread over 5 years, this research identifies factions within the risk sector—those who view participation as awareness raising and those who are struggling to make participation part of a wider commitment to power-sharing: a group that, for the purpose of this analysis, we call “mavericks.” Through focus on how mavericks struggle for change, this analysis uncovers tensions that arise as individuals attempt to alter prevailing knowledge-practices. The findings highlight the importance of experiential learning, active listening, and the alteration of space. By applying a relational conceptualisation, we explore how mavericks advocate for relationship building, which alters spaces of public participation and, in that way, lays the foundation for transformational social innovations. The conclusions offer flood risk researchers perspective on the institutional struggles that preconfigure how frontrunner projects are or are not able to facilitate the community participation needed to successfully implement societal transformations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 22
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    The power of connection: Navigating the constraints of community engagement for disaster risk reduction (2022)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Elsevier, 68, pp. 102699-102699, ISSN: 2212-4209
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Community engagement for disaster risk reduction has become central to participatory emergency management. In neoliberal contexts, publics are increasingly portrayed as responsible for preparing and responding to disasters, while at the same time and contradictorily, they are engaged by the state to encourage compliance with top-down policies and directives. This is happening while incremental budget cuts reinforce the operationalisation of community engagement as information dissemination and service delivery. In this paper we scrutinize the ways in which community engagement for disaster risk reduction has been governed and translated into practice in Australia, focusing on the experiences of the practitioners and community representatives doing community engagement in a peri-urban and multi-hazard area of Victoria. We identify and discuss the role of connectors—individuals fostering connections within and among state-led emergency services, local government, and publics—in negotiating change and building relationships. Our analysis shows how the political economy of state-led emergency management hinders the efforts of connectors, contributing to disconnection between publics, community representatives, and emergency agencies. In navigating the bureaucratic, temporal, and financial constraints of state-led community engagement, the emergency sector is missing opportunities to listen, learn, and work with connectors. The result is missed opportunities to build meaningful connections with publics for disaster risk reduction.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 23
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    Elemental and biochemical nutrient limitation of zooplankton: A meta‐analysis (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecology Letters, Wiley, 25(12), pp. 2776-2792, ISSN: 1461-023X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-22
    Description: Primary consumers in aquatic ecosystems are frequently limited by the quality of their food, often expressed as phytoplankton elemental and biochemical composition. However, the effects of these food quality indicators vary across studies, and we lack an integrated understanding of how elemental (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus) and biochemical (e.g. fatty acid, sterol) limitations interactively influence aquatic food webs. Here, we present the results of a meta-analysis using 〉100 experimental studies, confirming that limitation by N, P, fatty acids, and sterols all have significant negative effects on zooplankton performance. However, effects varied by grazer response (growth vs. reproduction), specific manipulation, and across taxa. While P limitation had greater effects on zooplankton growth than fatty acids overall, P and fatty acid limitation had equal effects on reproduction. Furthermore, we show that: nutrient co-limitation in zooplankton is strong; effects of essential fatty acid limitation depend on P availability; indirect effects induced by P limitation exceed direct effects of mineral P limitation; and effects of nutrient amendments using laboratory phytoplankton isolates exceed those using natural field communities. Our meta-analysis reconciles contrasting views about the role of various food quality indicators, and their interactions, for zooplankton performance, and provides a mechanistic understanding of trophic transfer in aquatic environments.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 24
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    Measuring stability in ecological systems without static equilibria (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecosphere, Wiley, 13(12), ISSN: 2150-8925
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-22
    Description: Ecological stability refers to a range of concepts used to quantify how species and environments change over time and in response to disturbances. Most empirically tractable ecological stability metrics assume that systems have simple dynamics and static equilibria. However, ecological systems are typically complex and often lack static equilibria (e.g., predator–prey oscillations, transient dynamics, chaos). Failing to account for these factors can lead to biased estimates of stability, in particular, by conflating effects of observation error, process noise, and underlying deterministic dynamics. To distinguish among these processes, we combine three existing approaches: state space models; delay embedding methods; and particle filtering. Jointly, these provide something akin to a deterministically “detrended” version of the coefficient of variation, separately tracking variability due to deterministic dynamics versus stochastic perturbations. Moreover, these variability estimates can be used to forecast dynamics, classify underlying sources of stochastic dynamics, and estimate the “exit time” before a state change takes place (e.g., local extinction events). Importantly, the time-delay embedding methods that we employ make very few assumptions about the functions governing deterministic dynamics, which facilitates applications in systems with limited data and a priori biological knowledge. To demonstrate how complex dynamics without static equilibria can bias ecological stability estimates, we analyze simulated time series of abundance dynamics in a system with time-varying carrying capacity and empirically observed abundance dynamics of the green algae Chlamydomonas terricola grown in a diverse microcosm mixture under variable temperature conditions. We show that stability estimates based on raw observations greatly overestimate temporal variability and fail to accurately forecast time to extinction. In contrast, joint application of state space modeling, delay embedding, and particle filters were able to: (1) correctly quantify the contributions of deterministic versus stochastic variability; (2) successfully estimate “true” abundance dynamics; and (3) correctly forecast time to extinction. Our results therefore demonstrate the importance of accounting for effects of complex, nonstatic dynamics in studies of ecological stability and provide an empirically tractable and flexible toolkit for conducting these measurements.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 25
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    Coastal ecosystem engineers and their impact on sediment dynamics: Eelgrass–bivalve interactions under wave exposure (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, 67(3), pp. 621-633, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-18
    Description: Habitat forming ecosystem engineers play critical roles in structuring coastal seascapes. Many ecosystem engineers, such as seagrasses and epifaunal bivalves, are known to have positive effects on sediment stability and increase coastal protection and ecosystem resilience. Others, such as bioturbating infaunal bivalves, may instead destabilize sediment. However, despite the common co-occurrence of seagrasses and bivalves in coastal seascapes, little is known of their combined effects on sediment dynamics. Here, we used wave flumes to compare sediment dynamics in monospecific and multispecific treatments of eelgrass, Zostera marina, and associated bivalves (infaunal Limecola balthica, infaunal Cerastoderma edule, epifaunal Magellana gigas) under a range of wave exposures. Eelgrass reduced bedload erosion rates by 25–50%, with digital elevation models indicating that eelgrass affected the sediment micro-bathymetry by decreasing surface roughness and ripple sizes. Effects of bivalves on sediment mobilization were species-specific; L. balthica reduced erosion by 25%, C. edule increased erosion by 40%, while M. gigas had little effect. Importantly, eelgrass modified the impacts of bivalves: the destabilizing effects of C. edule vanished in the presence of eelgrass, while we found positive additive effects of eelgrass and L. balthica on sediment stabilization and potential for mutual anchoring. Such interspecific interactions are likely relevant for habitat patch emergence and resilience to extreme wave conditions. In light of future climate scenarios where increasing storm frequency and wave exposure threaten coastal ecosystems, our results add a mechanistic understanding of sediment dynamics and interactions between ecosystem engineers, with relevance for management and conservation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 26
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    Ice sheet decline and rising atmospheric CO2 control AMOC sensitivity to deglacial meltwater discharge (2022)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Global and Planetary Change, Elsevier, 210, pp. 103755-103755, ISSN: 0921-8181
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-19
    Description: The last deglaciation was characterized by a sequence of abrupt climate events thought to be linked to rapid changes in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The sequence includes a weakening of the AMOC after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), which ends with an abrupt AMOC amplification at the transition to the Bølling/Allerød (B/A). This transition occurs despite persistent deglacial meltwater fluxes that counteract vigorous North Atlantic deep-water formation. Using the Earth system model COSMOS with a range of deglacial boundary conditions and reconstructed deglacial meltwater fluxes, we show that deglacial CO2 rise and ice sheet decline modulate the sensitivity of the AMOC to these fluxes. While declining ice sheets increase the sensitivity, increasing atmospheric CO2 levels tend to counteract this effect. Therefore, the occurrence of a weaker HS1 AMOC and an abrupt AMOC increase in the presence of meltwater, might be explained by these effects, as an alternative to or in combination with changes in the magnitude or routing of meltwater discharge.
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  • 27
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    The Variscan subduction inheritance in the Southern Alps Sub-Continental Lithospheric Mantle: Clues from the Middle Triassic shoshonitic magmatism of the Dolomites (NE Italy) (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: Although often speculated, the link between theMiddle Triassic shoshonitic magmatismat the NE margin of the Adria plate and the subduction-related metasomatismof the Southern Alps Sub-Continental Lithospheric Mantle (SCLM) has never been constrained. In this paper, a detailed geochemical and petrological characterization of the lavas, dykes and ultramafic cumulates belonging to the shoshonitic magmatic event that shaped the Dolomites (Southern Alps) was used tomodel the composition and evolution of the underlying SCLMin the time comprised between the Variscan subduction and the opening of the Alpine Tethys. Geochemical models and numerical simulations enabled us to define that 5–7% partial melting of an amphibole + phlogopite-bearing spinel lherzolite, similar to the Finero phlogopite peridotite, can account for the composition of the primitive Mid-Triassic SiO2- saturated to -undersaturated melts with shoshonitic affinity (87Sr/86Sri = 0.7032–0.7058; 143Nd/144Ndi = 0.51219–0.51235; Mg # ~ 70; ~1.1 wt% H2O). By taking into account the H2O content documented in mineral phases from the Finero phlogopite peridotite, it is suggested that the Mid-Triassic SCLM source was able to preserve a significant enrichment and volatile content (600–800 ppm H2O) for more than 50 Ma, i.e. since the slab-related metasomatismconnected to the Variscan subduction. The partialmelting of a Finero-like SCLM represents the exhaustion of the subduction-related signature in the Southern Alps lithosphere that predated the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic asthenospheric upwelling related to the opening of the Alpine Tethys.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105856
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 28
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    Overcoming excessive numerical dissipation in SPH modeling of water waves (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: Excessive nonphysical energy dissipation is a problem in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) when modeling free surface waves, resulting in a significant decrease in wave amplitude within a few wavelengths for progressive waves. This dissipation poses a limitation to the physical scale of SPH applications involving water wave propagation. Some prior solutions to this wave decay problem rely on elaborate schemes, which require a complex, or non-straightforward, implementation. Other approaches demand large smoothing lengths that lead to longer simulation times and potential degradation of the results. In this work we present an approach based on a kernel gradient correction. Our scheme is fully 3D and solves the main known drawbacks of kernel gradient corrections, such as instabilities and lack of momentum conservation. The latter is ensured by adopting an averaged correction matrix, so as to conserve reciprocity during particle interactions. We test our model with a standing wave in a basin and a progressive wave train in a wave tank, and in both cases no nonphysical decay occurs. A comparison to an approach based on large smoothing factors shows advantages both in quality of the results and simulation time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104018
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: WCSPH ; Wave propagation ; Coastal engineering ; Kernel correction ; Decay
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  • 29
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    Efficiency analysis of social protection expenditure in the Italian Regions (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: The attention and demand for greater social protection is increasing among the populations of all European countries. It is difficult to identify which of the structures and infrastructures, sectors and regional budgets are inefficient and/or negligent in respect of providing more social protection. In the political sphere the problem is examined from a qualitative point of view, because it is essential to have a valid decisional support system that provides useful information for structural and economic intervention programs devised to improve social protection. Regional spending on social protection is a fundamental component of individual well-being. This work is precisely aimed at assessing individual well-being in terms of technical expenses efficiency in the Italian Regions. Stochastic frontier analysis and a nonparametric deterministic model structure are the tools used to investigate the social protection determinants in the paper.
    Description: Published
    Description: 100965
    Description: 4TM. Web e Social
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Data envelopment analysis ; Technical efficiency ; Efficiency analysis
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  • 30
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    Distributed normal faulting in the tip zone of the South Alkyonides Fault System, Gulf of Corinth, constrained using 36Cl exposure dating of late-Quaternary wave-cut platforms (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: The geometry, rates and kinematics of active faulting in the region close to the tip of a major crustal-scale normal fault in the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, are investigated using detailed fault mapping and new absolute dating. Fault offsets have been dated using a combination of 234U/230Th coral dates and in situ 36Cl cosmogenic exposure ages for sediments and wave-cut platforms deformed by the faults. Our results show that deformation in the tip zone is distributed across as many as eight faults arranged within ~700 m across strike, each of which deforms deposits and landforms associated with the 125 ka marine terrace of Marine Isotope Stage 5e. Summed throw-rates across strike achieve values as high as 0.3–1.6 mm/yr, values that are comparable to those at the centre of the crustal-scale fault (2–3 mm/yr from Holocene palaeoseismology and 3–4 mm/yr from GPS geodesy). The relatively high deformation rate and distributed deformation in the tip zone are discussed in terms of stress enhancement from rupture of neighbouring crustal-scale faults and in terms of how this should be considered during fault-based seismic hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104063
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Crustal Deformation ; Active Faults ; Absolute Dating ; Marine terraces
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  • 31
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    Thermohydrological Impact of Forest Disturbances on Ecosystem‐Protected Permafrost (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Wiley, 127(5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-23
    Description: Boreal forests cover over half of the global permafrost area and protect underlying permafrost. Boreal forest development, therefore, has an impact on permafrost evolution, especially under a warming climate. Forest disturbances and changing climate conditions cause vegetation shifts and potentially destabilize the carbon stored within the vegetation and permafrost. Disturbed permafrost-forest ecosystems can develop into a dry or swampy bush- or grasslands, shift toward broadleaf- or evergreen needleleaf-dominated forests, or recover to the pre-disturbance state. An increase in the number and intensity of fires, as well as intensified logging activities, could lead to a partial or complete ecosystem and permafrost degradation. We study the impact of forest disturbances (logging, surface, and canopy fires) on the thermal and hydrological permafrost conditions and ecosystem resilience. We use a dynamic multilayer canopy-permafrost model to simulate different scenarios at a study site in eastern Siberia. We implement expected mortality, defoliation, and ground surface changes and analyze the interplay between forest recovery and permafrost. We find that forest loss induces soil drying of up to 44%, leading to lower active layer thicknesses and abrupt or steady decline of a larch forest, depending on disturbance intensity. Only after surface fires, the most common disturbances, inducing low mortality rates, forests can recover and overpass pre-disturbance leaf area index values. We find that the trajectory of larch forests after surface fires is dependent on the precipitation conditions in the years after the disturbance. Dryer years can drastically change the direction of the larch forest development within the studied period.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 32
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    In contrast to diatoms, cryptophytes are susceptible to iron limitation, but not to ocean acidification (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Physiologia Plantarum, Wiley, 174(1), ISSN: 0031-9317
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-07
    Description: Previous field studies in the Southern Ocean (SO) indicated an increased occurrence and dominance of cryptophytes over diatoms due to climate change. To gain a better mechanistic understanding of how the two ecologically important SO phytoplankton groups cope with ocean acidification (OA) and iron (Fe) availability, we chose two common representatives of Antarctic waters, the cryptophyte Geminigera cryophila and the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata. Both species were grown at 2°C under different pCO2 (400 vs. 900 μatm) and Fe (0.6 vs. 1.2 nM) conditions. For P. subcurvata, an additional high pCO2 level was applied (1400 μatm). At ambient pCO2 under low Fe supply, growth of G. cryophila almost stopped while it remained unaffected in P. subcurvata. Under high Fe conditions, OA was not beneficial for P. subcurvata, but stimulated growth and carbon production of G. cryophila. Under low Fe supply, P. subcurvata coped much better with OA than the cryptophyte, but invested more energy into photoacclimation. Our study reveals that Fe limitation was detrimental for the growth of G. cryophila and suppressed the positive OA effect. The diatom was efficient in coping with low Fe, but was stressed by OA while both factors together strongly impacted its growth. The distinct physiological response of both species to OA and Fe limitation explains their occurrence in the field. Based on our results, Fe availability is an important modulator of OA effects on SO phytoplankton, with different implications on the occurrence of cryptophytes and diatoms in the future.
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  • 33
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    Orbital tuning for the middle Eocene to early Oligocene Monte Cagnero Section (Central Italy): Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic implications (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-24
    Description: During the middle Eocene to early Oligocene Earth transitioned from a greenhouse to an icehouse climate state. The interval comprises the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO; ~40 Ma) and a subsequent long-term cooling trend that culminated in the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT; ~34 Ma) with the Oi-1 glaciation. Here, we present a refined calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and an orbitally tuned age model for the Monte Cagnero (MCA) section spanning the middle Eocene to the early Oligocene (~41 to ~33 Ma). Spectral analysis of magnetic susceptibility (MS) data displays strong cyclicities in the orbital frequency band allowing us to tune the identified 405 kyr eccentricity minima in the MS record to their equivalents in the astronomical solution. Our orbitally tuned age model allows us to estimate the position and duration of polarity chrons (C18 to C13) and compare them with other standard and orbitally tuned ages. We were also able to constrain the timing and duration of the MECO event, which coincides with a minimum in the 2.4 Myr and 405 kyr eccentricity cycles. Our study corroborates the previous estimated age for the base of the Rupelian stage (33.9 Ma) and estimates the base of the Priabonian stage in the MCA section to be at 37.4 Ma. Finally, calcareous nannofossils with known paleoenvironmental preferences suggest a gradual shift from oligotrophic to meso-eutrophic conditions with an abrupt change at ~36.8 Ma. Besides, nannofossil assemblages suggest that enhanced nutrient availability pre- ceded water cooling at the late Eocene. Altogether, this evidence points to a poorly developed water column stratification prior to the cooling trend.
    Description: Published
    Description: 110563
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 34
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    The migration path of Gondwanian dinosaurs toward Adria: New insights from the Cretaceous of NW Sicily (Italy) (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: The increasing dinosaur record from Italy questioned classic palaeogeographic scenarios for the Central Mediterranean area and suggest the proximity of landmass areas and a geographical connection between Gondwana and Laurasia during Cretaceous times. Besides several track-sites and exceptionally-preserved specimens (e.g. Scipionyx samniticus), the Italian dinosaur record also consists of isolated bones, among which the bone fragment of a theropod discovered in north-western Sicily. The bone occurs in a shallowwater carbonate succession (i.e. Pizzo Muletta, Palermo Mountains) pertaining to the Panormide Carbonate Platform (PCP). The bone was previously ascribed to the Cenomanian, strongly supporting the hypothesis of a land bridge connecting Gondwana and Adria via PCP. More recently, new sedimentological and biostratigraphic studies on the Pizzo Muletta succession have been carried out. The obtained results allow to predate the stratigraphic position of the dinosaur bone to the late Aptianeearly Albian and to assess a detailed AptianeCenomanian evolution of this sector of the PCP. In particular, the karstic overprint of Cenomanian rudist limestones indicate a subaerial exposure of the platform preceding its drowning during latest Cenomanian times. The new assumptions allow to extend the temporal duration of the intermittent land bridge between Gondwana and Laurasia at least from Aptian to Cenomanian times and to add further evidences of the dominant tectonic control affecting the Western Tethys during Cretaceous times.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104919
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 35
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    Testing the use of the silica deposition fluorescent probe PDMPO to estimate in situ growth rates of diatoms (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography Methods, Wiley, 20(9), pp. 568-580, ISSN: 1541-5856
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The fluorophore [2-(4-pyridyl)-5{[4-dimethylaminoethyl-aminocarbamoyl-methoxy]phenyl}oxazole], in short PDMPO, is incorporated in newly polymerized silica in diatom frustules and thereby provides a tool to estimate Si uptake, study diatom cell cycles but also determine mortality-independent abundance-based species specific-growth rates in cultures and natural assemblages. In this study, the theoretical framework and applicability of the PDMPO staining technique to estimate diatom species specific-growth rates were investigated. Three common polar diatom species, Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata, Chaetoceros simplex, and Thalassiosira sp., chosen in order to cover a broad range of species specific frustule and life-cycle characteristics, were incubated over 24 h in control (no PDMPO) and with 0.125 and 0.6 μM PDMPO addition, respectively. Results indicate that specific-growth rates of the species tested were not affected in both treatments with PDMPO addition. The specific-growth rate estimates based on the PDMPO staining patterns (μPDMPO) were comparable and more robust than growth rates estimated from the changes in cell concentrations (μcc). This technique also allowed to investigate and highlight the importance of the illumination cycle (light and dark phases) on cell division in diatoms.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 36
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    Dissolved and particulate iron redox speciation during the LOHAFEX fertilization experiment (2022)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Marine Pollution Bulletin, Elsevier, 184, pp. 114161-114161, ISSN: 0025-326X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The redox speciation of iron was determined during the iron fertilization LOHAFEX and for the first time, the chemiluminescence assay of filtered and unfiltered samples was systematically compared. We hypothesize that higher chemiluminescence in unfiltered samples was caused by Fe(II) adsorbed onto biological particles. Dissolved and particulate Fe(II) increased in the mixed layer steadily 6-fold during the first two weeks and decreased back to initial levels by the end of LOHAFEX. Both Fe(II) forms did not show diel cycles downplaying the role of photoreduction. The chemiluminescence of unfiltered samples across the patch boundaries showed strong gradients, correlated significantly to biomass and the photosynthetic efficiency and were higher at night, indicative of a biological control. At 150 m deep, a secondary maximum of dissolved Fe(II) was associated with maxima of nitrite and ammonium despite high oxygen concentrations. We hypothesize that during LOHAFEX, iron redox speciation was mostly regulated by trophic interactions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 37
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    Functional repertoire convergence of distantly related eukaryotic plankton lineages abundant in the sunlit ocean (2022)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Cell Genomics, Elsevier, 2(5), pp. 100123-100123, ISSN: 2666-979X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Marine planktonic eukaryotes play critical roles in global biogeochemical cycles and climate. However, their poor representation in culture collections limits our understanding of the evolutionary history and genomic underpinnings of planktonic ecosystems. Here, we used 280 billion Tara Oceans metagenomic reads from polar, temperate, and tropical sunlit oceans to reconstruct and manually curate more than 700 abundant and widespread eukaryotic environmental genomes ranging from 10 Mbp to 1.3 Gbp. This genomic resource covers a wide range of poorly characterized eukaryotic lineages that complement long-standing contributions from culture collections while better representing plankton in the upper layer of the oceans. We performed the first, to our knowledge, comprehensive genome-wide functional classification of abundant unicellular eukaryotic plankton, revealing four major groups connecting distantly related lineages. Neither trophic modes of plankton nor its vertical evolutionary history could completely explain the functional repertoire convergence of major eukaryotic lineages that coexisted within oceanic currents for millions of years.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 38
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    Temporal and spatial distribution of epibenthic dinoflagellates in the Kattegat-Skagerrak, NE Atlantic–Focus on Prorocentrum lima and Coolia monotis (2022)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Harmful Algae, Elsevier, 118, pp. 102318-102318, ISSN: 1568-9883
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Epibenthic dinoflagellates occur globally and include many toxin-producing species of concern to human health and benthic ecosystem function. Such benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) have been well described from tropical and sub-tropical coastal environments, but assessments from north temperate waters, e.g., northern Europe, and polar regions are scarce. The present study addressed the biodiversity and distribution of potentially toxic epibenthic dinoflagellate populations along the west coast of Sweden (Kattegat-Skagerrak) by morphological and molecular criteria. Morphological analysis conducted by light- and electron-microscopy was then linked by DNA barcoding of the V4 region of 18S rRNA gene sequences to interpret taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships. The presence of two potentially toxigenic epibenthic dinoflagellates, Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) F.Stein and Coolia monotis Meunier was confirmed, along with a description of their spatial and temporal distribution. For P. lima, one third of the cell abundance values exceeded official alarm thresholds for potentially toxic BHAB events (〉1000 cells gr–1 of macroalgae fresh weight). The same species were recorded consecutively for two summers, but without significant temporal variation in cell densities. SEM analyses confirmed the presence of other benthic Prorocentrum species: P. fukuyoi complex, P. cf. foraminosum and P. cf. hoffmannianum. Analyses of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene also indicated the presence P. compressum, P. hoffmannianum, P. foraminosum, P. fukuyoi, and P. nanum. These findings provide the first biogeographical evidence of toxigenic benthic dinoflagellates along the west coast of Sweden, in the absence of ongoing monitoring to include epibenthic dinoflagellates. Harmful events due to the presence of Coolia at shellfish aquaculture sites along the Kattegat-Skagerrak are likely to be rather marginal because C. monotis is not known to be toxigenic. In any case, as a preliminary assessment, the results highlight the risk of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) events caused by P. lima, which may affect the development and sustainability of shellfish aquaculture in the region.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 39
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    Apparent biogeographical trends in Alexandrium blooms for northern Europe: Â identifying links to climate change and effective adaptive actions (2022)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Harmful Algae, Elsevier, 119, pp. 102335-102335, ISSN: 1568-9883
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium Halim represents perhaps the most significant and intensively studied genus with respect to species diversity, life history strategies, toxigenicity, biogeographical distribution, and global magnitude and consequences harmful algal blooms (HABs). The socioeconomic impacts, environmental and human health risks, and mitigation strategies for toxigenic Alexandrium blooms have also been explored in recent years. Human adaptive actions based on future scenarios of bloom dynamics and shifts in biogeographical distribution under climate-change parameters remain under development and not yet implemented on a regional scale. In the CoCliME (Co-development of climate services for adaptation to changing marine ecosystems) project these issues were addressed with respect to past, current and anticipated future status of key HAB genera and expected benefits of enhanced monitoring. Data on the distribution and frequency of Alexandrium blooms related to paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) events from key CoCliME Case Study areas, comprising the North Sea and adjacent Kattegat-Skagerrak, Norwegian Sea, and Baltic Sea, and eastern North Atlantic marginal seas, were evaluated in a contemporary and historical context over the past several decades. The first evidence of possible biogeographical expansion of Alexandrium taxa into eastern Arctic gateways was provided from DNA barcoding signatures. Various key climate change indicators, such as salinity, temperature, and water-column stratification, relevant to Alexandrium bloom initiation and development were identified. The possible influence of changing variables on bloom dynamics, magnitude, frequency and spatial and temporal distribution were interpreted in the context of regional ocean climate models. These climate change impact indicators may play key roles in selecting for the occurrence and diversity of Alexandrium species within the broader microeukaryote communities. For example, shifts to higher temperature and lower salinity regimes predicted for the southern North Sea indicate the potential for increased Alexandrium blooms, currently absent from this area. Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of Alexandrium blooms and effects on fisheries and aquaculture resources and coastal ecosystem function are evaluated, and, where feasible, effective adaptation strategies are proposed herein as emerging climate services.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 40
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    Spatial and biological oceanographic insights into the massive fish-killing bloom of the haptophyte Chrysochromulina leadbeateri in northern Norway (2022)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Harmful Algae, Elsevier, 118, pp. 102287-102287, ISSN: 1568-9883
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: A bloom of the fish-killing haptophyte Chrysochromulina leadbeateri in northern Norway during May and June 2019 was the most harmful algal event ever recorded in the region, causing massive mortalities of farmed salmon. Accordingly, oceanographic and biodiversity aspects of the bloom were studied in unprecedented detail, based on metabarcoding and physico-chemical and biotic factors related with the dynamics and distribution of the bloom. Light- and electron-microscopical observations of nanoplankton samples from diverse locations confirmed that C. leadbeateri was dominant in the bloom and the primary cause of associated fish mortalities. Cell counts by light microscopy and flow cytometry were obtained throughout the regional bloom within and adjacent to five fjord systems. Metabarcoding sequences of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene from field material collected during the bloom and a cultured isolate from offshore of Tromsøy island confirmed the species identification. Sequences from three genetic markers (18S, 28S rRNA gene and ITS region) verified the close if not identical genetic similarity to C. leadbeateri from a previous massive fish-killing bloom in 1991 in northern Norway. The distribution and cell abundance of C. leadbeateri and related Chrysochromulina species in the recent incident were tracked by integrating observations from metabarcoding sequences of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene. Metabarcoding revealed at least 14 distinct Chrysochromulina variants, including putative cryptic species. C. leadbeateri was by far the most abundant of these species, but with high intraspecific genetic variability. Highest cell abundance of up to 2.7 × 107 cells L − 1 of C. leadbeateri was found in Balsfjorden; the high cell densities were associated with stratification near the pycnocline (at ca. 12 m depth) within the fjord. The cell abundance of C. leadbeateri showed positive correlations with temperature, negative correlation with salinity, and a slightly positive correlation with ambient phosphate and nitrate concentrations. The spatio-temporal succession of the C. leadbeateri bloom suggests independent initiation from existing pre-bloom populations in local zones, perhaps sustained and supplemented over time by northeastward advection of the bloom from the fjords.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 41
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    ‘Destructive fishing’—A ubiquitously used but vague term? Usage and impacts across academic research, media and policy (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Fish and Fisheries, Wiley, 23(5), pp. 1039-1054, ISSN: 1467-2960
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Description: The term ‘destructive fishing’ appears in multiple international policy instruments intended to improve outcomes for marine biodiversity, coastal communities and sustainable fisheries. However, the meaning of ‘destructive fishing’ is often vague, limiting effectiveness in policy. Therefore, in this study, we systematically reviewed the use of ‘destructive fishing’ in three record types: academic literature, media articles and policy documents between 1976 and 2020. A more detailed analysis was performed on subsets of these records, considering the extent to which the term is characterised, geographic distribution of use, and specific impacts and practices associated with the term. We found that use of ‘destructive fishing’ relative to the generic term ‘fisheries’ has increased since the 1990s. Records focussed predominantly on fishing practices in South-eastern Asia, followed by Southern Asia and Europe. The term was characterised in detail in only 15% of records. Habitat damage and blast/poison fishing were the most associated ecological impacts and gear/practices, respectively. Bottom trawling and unspecified net fishing were regularly linked to destructive fishing. Importantly, the three record types use the term differently. Academic literature tends to specifically articulate the negative impacts, while media articles focus generally on associated gears/practices. Significant regional variation also exists in how the term is used and what phenomena it is applied to. This study provides evidence and recommendations to inform stakeholders in any future pursuit of a unified definition of ‘destructive fishing’ to support more meaningful implementation of global sustainability goals.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 42
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    THE CHANGING BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES OF TUNDRA (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Multi‐Scale Biogeochemical Processes in Soil Ecosystems, Multi‐Scale Biogeochemical Processes in Soil Ecosystems, Hoboken, NJ, Wiley, pp. 157-181, ISBN: 9781119480471
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Tundra is experiencing more intense warming than any other ecosystem on earth. While warming is the most direct effect of climate change on tundra, warming leads to a cascade of environmental changes such as permafrost thaw, altered precipitation regimes, and increased wildfires. This chapter will first focus on how climate change is changing the environment of Arctic and subarctic tundra and then focus on how climate change is altering tundra's carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles with a focus on soils. Overall, tundra soils are shifting from being a carbon sink into a carbon source as rising temperatures increase microbial activity—a positive feedback to climate change. However, those rising temperatures are also increasing nutrient mineralization rates, which could increase ecosystem carbon storage via enhanced plant productivity as well as increase emissions of nitrous oxide, a powerful greenhouse gas. There is currently a disconnect between the large soil carbon losses measured in many in situ experiments and the strong plant carbon gains predicted by models. Ultimately, more research is needed on the interplay between tundra soils, nutrients, and plants to determine the magnitude of tundra's feedback to climate change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 43
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    Remote sensing annual dynamics of rapid permafrost thaw disturbances with LandTrendr (2022)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Remote Sensing of Environment, Elsevier, 268, pp. 112752-112752, ISSN: 0034-4257
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Permafrost is warming globally which leads to widespread permafrost thaw. Particularly ice-rich permafrost is vulnerable to rapid thaw and erosion, impacting whole landscapes and ecosystems. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) are abrupt permafrost disturbances that expand by several meters each year and lead to an increased soil organic carbon release. Local Remote Sensing studies identified increasing RTS activity in the last two decades by increasing number of RTS or heightened RTS growth rates. However, a large-scale assessment across diverse permafrost regions and at high temporal resolution allowing to further determine RTS thaw dynamics and its main drivers is still lacking. In this study we apply the disturbance detection algorithm LandTrendr for automated large-scale RTS mapping and high temporal thaw dynamic assessment to North Siberia (8.1×106km2). We adapted and parametrised the temporal segmentation algorithm for abrupt disturbance detection to incorporate Landsat+Sentinel-2 mosaics, conducted spectral filtering, spatial masking and filtering, and a binary machine-learning object classification of the disturbance output to separate between RTS and false positives (F1 score: 0.609). Ground truth data for calibration and validation of the workflow was collected from 9 known RTS cluster sites using very high-resolution RapidEye and PlanetScope imagery. Our study presents the first automated detection and assessment of RTS and their temporal dynamics at large-scale for 2001–2019. We identified 50,895 RTS and a steady increase in RTS-affected area from 2001 to 2019 across North Siberia, with a more abrupt increase from 2016 onward. Overall the RTS-affected area increased by 331 compared to 2000 (2000: 20,158ha, 2001–2019: 66,699ha). Contrary to this, 5 focus sites show spatio-temporal variability in their annual RTS dynamics, with alternating periods of increased and decreased RTS development, indicating a close relationship to thaw drivers. The majority of identified RTS was active from 2000 onward and only a small proportion initiated during the assessment period, indicating that the increase in RTS-affected area was mainly caused by enlarging existing RTS and not by new RTS. The detected increase in RTS dynamics suggests advancing permafrost thaw and underlines the importance of assessing abrupt permafrost disturbances with high spatial and temporal resolution at large-scales. Obtaining such consistent disturbance products will help to parametrise regional and global climate change models.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 44
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    Towards a multisensor station for automated biodiversity monitoring (2022)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Basic and Applied Ecology, Elsevier, 59, pp. 105-138, ISSN: 1439-1791
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Rapid changes of the biosphere observed in recent years are caused by both small and large scale drivers, like shifts in temperature, transformations in land-use, or changes in the energy budget of systems. While the latter processes are easily quantifiable, documentation of the loss of biodiversity and community structure is more difficult. Changes in organismal abundance and diversity are barely documented. Censuses of species are usually fragmentary and inferred by often spatially, temporally and ecologically unsatisfactory simple species lists for individual study sites. Thus, detrimental global processes and their drivers often remain unrevealed. A major impediment to monitoring species diversity is the lack of human taxonomic expertise that is implicitly required for large-scale and fine-grained assessments. Another is the large amount of personnel and associated costs needed to cover large scales, or the inaccessibility of remote but nonetheless affected areas. To overcome these limitations we propose a network of Automated Multisensor stations for Monitoring of species Diversity (AMMODs) to pave the way for a new generation of biodiversity assessment centers. This network combines cutting-edge technologies with biodiversity informatics and expert systems that conserve expert knowledge. Each AMMOD station combines autonomous samplers for insects, pollen and spores, audio recorders for vocalizing animals, sensors for volatile organic compounds emitted by plants (pVOCs) and camera traps for mammals and small invertebrates. AMMODs are largely self-containing and have the ability to pre-process data (e.g. for noise filtering) prior to transmission to receiver stations for storage, integration and analyses. Installation on sites that are difficult to access require a sophisticated and challenging system design with optimum balance between power requirements, bandwidth for data transmission, required service, and operation under all environmental conditions for years. An important prerequisite for automated species identification are databases of DNA barcodes, animal sounds, for pVOCs, and images used as training data for automated species identification. AMMOD stations thus become a key component to advance the field of biodiversity monitoring for research and policy by delivering biodiversity data at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution.
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  • 45
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    COI metabarcoding of large benthic Foraminifera: Method validation for application in ecological studies (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  Ecology and Evolution vol. 12 no. e9549 | H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology, Grant/Award Number: 813360; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Grant/ Award Number: 16.161.301
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Monitoring community composition of Foraminifera (single-celled marine protists) pro-vides valuable insights into environmental conditions in marine ecosystems. Despitethe efficiency of environmental DNA (eDNA) and bulk-sample DNA (bulk-DNA) me-tabarcoding to assess the presence of multiple taxa, this has not been straightforwardfor Foraminifera partially due to the high genetic variability in widely used ribosomalmarkers. Here, we test the correctness in retrieving foraminiferal communities by me-tabarcoding of mock communities, bulk-DNA from coral reef sediment samples, andeDNA from their associated ethanol preservative using the recently sequenced cy-tochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) marker. To assess the detection success, we com-pared our results with large benthic foraminiferal communities previously reportedfrom the same sampling sites. Results from our mock communities demonstrate thatall species were detected in two mock communities and all but one in the remainingfour. Technical replicates were highly similar in number of reads for each assigned ASVin both the mock communities and bulk-DNA samples. Bulk-DNA showed a signifi-cantly higher species richness than their associated eDNA samples, and also detectedadditional species to what was already reported at the specific sites. Our study con-firms that metabarcoding using the foraminiferal COI marker adequately retrieves thediversity and community composition of both the mock communities and the bulk-DNA samples. With its decreased variability compared with the commonly used nu-clear 18 S rRNA, the COI marker renders bulk-DNA metabarcoding a powerful tool toassess foraminiferal community composition under the condition that the referencedatabase is adequate to the target taxa.
    Keywords: bulk-sample ; DNA ; community composition ; coral reef ; environmental DNA ; foraminifera ; metabarcoding
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 46
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    Climate, glacial and vegetation history of the polar Ural Mountains since c. 27 cal ka bp, inferred from a 54 m long sediment core from Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Quaternary Science, Wiley, 37(5), pp. 818-835, ISSN: 0267-8179
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-20
    Description: Because continuous and high-resolution records are scarce in the polar Urals, a multiproxy study was carried out on a 54 m long sediment succession (Co1321) from Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye. The sedimentological, geochemical, pollen and chironomid data suggest that glaciers occupied the lake's catchment during the cold and dry MIS 2 and document a change in ice extent around 23.5–18 cal ka bp. Subsequently, meltwater input, sediment supply and erosional activity decreased as local glaciers progressively melted. The vegetation around the lake comprised open, herb and grass-dominated tundra-steppe until the Bølling-Allerød, but shows a distinct change to probably moister conditions around 17–16 cal ka bp. Local glaciers completely disappeared during the Bølling-Allerød, when summer air temperatures were similar to today and low shrub tundra became established. The Younger Dryas is confined by distinct shifts in the pollen and chironomid records pointing to drier conditions. The Holocene is characterised by a denser vegetation cover, stabilised soil conditions and decreased minerogenic input, especially during the local thermal maximum between c. 10 and 5 cal ka bp. Subsequently, present-day vegetation developed and summer air temperatures decreased to modern, except for two intervals, which may represent the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 47
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    Pleistocene glacial and interglacial ecosystems inferred from ancient DNA analyses of permafrost sediments from Batagay megaslump, East Siberia (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Environmental DNA, Wiley, 4(6), pp. 1265-1283, ISSN: 2637-4943
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-18
    Description: Pronounced glacial and interglacial climate cycles characterized northern ecosystems during the Pleistocene. Our understanding of the resultant community transformations and past ecological interactions strongly depends on the taxa found in fossil assemblages. Here, we present a shotgun metagenomic analysis of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) to infer past ecosystem-wide biotic composition (from viruses to megaherbivores) from the Middle and Late Pleistocene at the Batagay megaslump, East Siberia. The shotgun DNA records of past vegetation composition largely agree with pollen and plant metabarcoding data from the same samples. Interglacial ecosystems at Batagay attributed to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 17 and MIS 7 were characterized by forested vegetation (Pinus, Betula, Alnus) and open grassland. The microbial and fungal communities indicate strong activity related to soil decomposition, especially during MIS17. The local landscape likely featured more open, herb-dominated areas, and the vegetation mosaic supported birds and small omnivorous mammals. Parts of the area were intermittently/partially flooded as suggested by the presence of water-dependent taxa. During MIS 3, the sampled ecosystems are identified as cold-temperate, periodically flooded grassland. Diverse megafauna (Mammuthus, Equus, Coelodonta) coexisted with small mammals (rodents). The MIS 2 ecosystems existed under harsher conditions, as suggested by the presence of cold-adapted herbaceous taxa. Typical Pleistocene megafauna still inhabited the area. The new approach, in which shotgun sequencing is supported by metabarcoding and pollen data, enables the investigation of community composition changes across a broad range of taxonomic groups and inferences about trophic interactions and aspects of soil microbial ecology.
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phorbol ester-induced activation of human platelets is associated with protein kinase C phosphorylation of myosin light chains (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 490-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] TPA, an activator of protein kinase C, triggers platelet aggregation as well as the secretion of [14C]-serotonin from platelets11-13. The response to activation by 1 mM TPA at 37 C, with constant stirring, is more gradual than the response to activation by O.1Uml-1 thrombin and maximal aggregation ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306490a0
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron densities in active galaxies (reply) (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 503-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] GASKELL REPLIES-While recognizing that the main point of Jordan's comment is to attempt to correct the allegedly misleading generalizations made by Fair all1 and myself2, I must state that the size of the forbidden line emitting region in Fairall 427 is not an open question. If one looks at ...
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New gene provokes questions (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 731-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE article on page 756 from Dr P. W. J. Rigby's group at Imperial College is an intriguing document which is plainly of the utmost importance, but for reasons which, at this stage, are not fully apparent. The obvious difficulty is that the observations described bear on such a variety of important ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306731a0
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  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Just how objective is science? (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 727-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WRITING some thirty years ago, Hermann Bondi suggested that in astronomy, observations had proven a less reliable arbiter of hypotheses than had theoretical considerations1 . Subsequent historical studies have widened and deepened knowledge of some of the instances cited by Bondi and have uncovered ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306727a0
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oncogenesis: Paradox and paradigm: the message and meaning of myc (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 733-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE cellular myc gene may, depending on your point of view, be seen as either the most illuminating or the most confusing of the cellular oncogenes. The promise of illumination lies in the overwhelming circumstantial evidence that c-myc activation in some lymphoid tumours is a direct subversion, ...
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  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applied molecular biology: Lignin biodegradation becomes biochemistry (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 737-738 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Notes: [Auszug] AFTER some years of increasing interest, rapid progress is now being made in the understanding of lignin biodegradation. Research in a number of laboratories has culminated in the isolation by T.K. Kirk and Ming Tien of a purified enzyme able to depolymerize lignin1. This enzyme, isolated from the ...
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    Neurophramacology: Endogenous opioid peptides and pain mechanisms: a complex relationship (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 739-740 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ALTHOUGH an ever-increasing number of pharmacologically active peptides are being found in neurones of the central nervous system, it is still not proving possible to find out precisely what neuro-transmitter or neuromodulator functions they perform. This may not be so surprising when one remembers ...
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    100 years ago (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 741-741 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN a letter dated Tokio, October 3, Prof. James Main Dixon writes:- "During the two or three days at the end of August we enjoyed fine dry weather, but the sun was copper-coloured and had no brightness. When we got to Nikko, the people came to us to inquire if some catastrophe were impending, for ...
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    Cancer and cell senescence (reply) (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 742-742 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] CAIRNS AND LOGAN REPLY - In the first half of his letter, Dr Holliday gives three reasons for thinking that programmed cell senescence is not a protection against the development of cancer. We believe that each of the arguments is fallacious. The common human cancers, as described in textbooks of ...
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    Dating the Crucifixion (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 743-746 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The date of the Crucifixion has been debated for many years, but there has been no agreement on the year nor the day. Astronomical calculations have now been used to reconstruct the Jewish calendar in the first century AD and to date a lunar eclipse that biblical and other references ...
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    Composition measurements of tropospheric ions (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 747-751 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tropospheric ions are of considerable interest as they have the potential to induce aerosol formation and because in situ measurements of their composition are a powerful tool for neutral trace gas detection. The first measurements of tropospheric ion compositions are now ...
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    Activation of a Qa/Tla class I major histocompatibility antigen gene is a general feature of oncogenesis in the mouse (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 756-760 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A cDNA clone corresponding to a mRNA present at elevated levels in transformed fibroblasts encodes a Qa / Tla class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen. High levels of this mRNA are found in all tumour cells tested; the transcript can undergo alternative splicing; and a repetitive ...
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    Photon oscillations and cosmic background radiation (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 765-766 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Our model of photon oscillations is a simple extension of the standard gauge theory of strong interactions wherein an additional gauged U'(l) factor is adjoined to the usual spontaneously broken SU(3) xSU(2) xU(1). Known particles transform trivially under U'(1). At this point, the model involves ...
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    Combustion-generated carbon particles in the Arctic atmosphere (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 768-770 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Graphitic particles can only be produced by combustion processes. If one excludes natural burning processes that are not expected to be a significant source during winter and spring when Arctic haze is at a maximum, then one can attribute these particles directly to anthropogenic combustion ...
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    The macromolecular states of solvent-swollen and dry coal (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 772-773 
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    Notes: [Auszug] More than half a century ago it was postulated that coal was a 'polymeric' or macromolecular substance1-3. However, the evidence has not been completely convincing, and the particular nature of the macromolecular state has remained uncertain. Boddy4 found that coals, which normally exhibit brittle ...
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    β -Globin gene inactivation by DNA translocation in γβ -thalassaemi (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 662-666 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The β-globin gene present on the deletion locus in a Dutch γβ-thalassaemic patient was found to be identical to the normal β-globin gene with respect to DNA sequence and its transcription in HeLa cells. DNase I sensitivity and methylation experiments show that the affected ...
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    Sunspot index infers a small relict magnetic field in the Sun's core (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 670-673 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The lines in the spectrum of the Zurich sunspot index in the interval 100 〈 t 〈 8 yr (where t is the period) match those of a model in which a 22-yr carrier 'wave' representing the Hale 22-yr cycle is amplitude modulated (AM) at the 90 yr (Gleissburg) period in the presence of a small but ...
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    Reaction of NO 2 with NaCl and atmospheric implications of NOCl formation (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 676-677 
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    Notes: [Auszug] An observed deficiency of chloride ions in coastal aerosols in some locations has been attributed to a reaction of HNO3 or NO2 with NaCl (refs 7-12). Gaseous HC1 has been assumed to be the product based on studies11,12 showing that 0.1-100 p.p.m. NO2 reacted rapidly with moist NaCl aerosols to ...
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    Isotopic evidence from the eastern Canadian shield for geochemical discontinuity in the Proterozoic mantle (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 679-680 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The anorthosites were emplaced into presumed Archaean quartzof eldspathic gneisses, although in large areas of the Grenville Province, both massifs and basement rocks were reworked during late Proterozoic (about 1,000 Myr) Grenvillian metamorphism5. The Adirondack anorthosite may have crystallized ...
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    Evidence from earliest known erinaceomorph basicranium that insectivorans and primates are not closely related (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 683-684 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The basicranium is part of a dorsoventrally crushed skull and upper dentition of Diacodon alticuspis, an erinaceomorph from the Lower Eocene (Wasatchian North American Land Mammal Age, about 52 Myr BP) of northern New Mexico7. The specimen was collected in 1946 by an American Museum of Natural ...
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    Substance P in the ascending cholinergic reticular system (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 688-691 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Indirect immunofluorescence techniques were used to identify the cholinergic and substance P-containing neurones of the midbrain and pontine tegmentum of young adult male rats (150-200 g, Wistar). To increase the levels of ChAT and substance P in cell bodies, the animals were given an injection of ...
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    Chemical basis of antigenic variation in foot-and-mouth disease virus (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 694-697 
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    Notes: [Auszug] There is considerable evidence that the major immunogen is situated on VP1, one of the four capsid proteins1-5. Furthermore, the position of the major immunogenic site on VP1 of virus of serotype 0 has been shown to lie within the amino acid tract 141-1606-8. The same region of VP1 from other ...
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    Mimicking the alloantigenicity of proteins with chemically synthesized peptides differing in single amino acids (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 697-699 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The Thy-1 glycoprotein exists in two allotypic forms, Thy 1.1 and Thy 1.2 (ref. 4). It has been proposed that an arginine residue at position 89 corresponds to the Thy 1.1 allotype and a glutamine residue to Thy 1.2 (ref. 5). Since the two proteins differ by only a single residue, they offered a ...
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    Instability of the Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense metacyclic variable antigen repertoire (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 699-701 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, causative agent of East African sleeping sickness in man, also infects domestic and game animals. As the sole criterion for distinguishing T. b. rhodesiense from T. b. brucei is the former's infectivity to man, any T. brucei group stock isolated from reservoir host ...
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    A yeast gene encoding a protein homologous to the human c- has/bas proto-oncogene product (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 704-707 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Previously we have isolated two recombinant plasmids (pYA102 and pYA208) containing overlapping DNA fragments which harbour the yeast actin gene8,9. In studying the region 5' to the actin gene we detected another gene whose transcription product is a polysomal RNA coding for a protein of 20,000 ...
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    ras -Related gene sequences identified and isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 707-709 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The transforming genes of Harvey and Kirsten murine sarcoma viruses have been named ras oncogenes because these two oncogenic retroviruses were originally isolated by passage of murine leukaemia viruses in rats1. The ras oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus has been named v-rasH and that of ...
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    Selective unfolding of erythroid chromatin in the region of the active β -globin gene (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 709-712 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We have previously shown that linker histone (H1 and H5) induced chromatin condensation, as measured by electron microscopy, is directly proportional to the sedimentation rate5. Here we have used the sedimentation rate of chromatin as the primary measure of its higher order folding. Our ...
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    Staying neutral on evolution (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 713-714 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THIS is the book we have been waiting for. Fifteen years ago, the neutral theory was proposed by Kimura, and independently by King and Jukes. In Kimura's formulation, it made two assertions. First, chance events have been more important than natural selection in bringing about evolutionary changes ...
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    Hazy atmosphere (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 714-714 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE realization in the early 1970s that free radicals are a normal component of the Earth's lower atmosphere revolutionized our understanding of atmospheric chemistry and its role in the larger biogeo-chemical cycling of the elements. However, the advances made in this field over the past decade ...
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    The good, the bad and the ugly (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 714-715 
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    Notes: [Auszug] As most historians portray it, science is a linear sequence of triumphant discoveries. Occasionally we hear of scientists who were mistaken, just so long as they were mistaken in big ways. But most scientists fail in the most literal sense of this term. They may publish a few papers, but these ...
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    [Book Reviews ‘picture story’] (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 715-715 
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    Notes: [Auszug] GLIMPSE of 1986 - an artist's impression of the International Solar Polar Mission spacecraft (which is now completed) atop a Centaur upper stage after its deployment from the Space Shuttle. The illustration is taken from a new publication of the European Space Agency, The International Solar Polar ...
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    Pensioners mean problems (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 521-521 
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    Notes: [Auszug] How, in the long run, can a modern state hope to deal equitably with its pensioners, especially if a substantial fraction of its putatively working population is forced into premature pensionhood by unemployment? And what if the social burden of the unemployment rolls will in any case be made ...
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    What rights for animals? (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 522-522 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ROBERT Nozick, the Harvard University philosopher, wrote last week in the New York Times that animal rights is a subject that seems to attract cranks. The distinguishing feature of a crank, he was quick to point out, is not merely preoccupation with a single issue; the solving of the world's ...
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    Science for the young (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 522-522 
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    Notes: [Auszug] How would you find out whether a ball that bounces best on one surface bounces best on all surfaces? How would you tell why a snail will not cross a ring of salty water? These are some of the questions that have been put to 11-year-olds in British primary schools by a group of investigators from ...
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    UK agriculture research: Plans for 250 jobs to go (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 523-523 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) has now completed its strategic plan, intended as an adaptation to the expected substantial drop in its share of the science budget over the next few years. The plan, which has not yet been ratified, will be discussed next week at a meeting of ...
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    Words from space (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 523-523 
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    Notes: [Auszug] NATURE is able today to report the exciting news that there is life - of a kind - in outer space. Through the marvels of modern communications, President Ronald Reagan, Chancellor Helmut Kohl of West Germany, your correspondent and a few other European journalists were able on Monday to direct ...
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    Institute settles lawsuit (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 524-524 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine in Palo Alto, California, has settled yet another lawsuit brought by a former employee who claimed to have been dismissed from a tenured research position. Dr Fred West all, who worked at the institute in 1978 and 1979, had accused Pauling of ...
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    World Unification Church: Mixed motives at conclave (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 524-524 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Chicago UNDAUNTED by 12 years of intermittent controversy, distinguished academics continue to flock to the annual conference on "the unity of the sciences" sponsored by Reverend Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church. This year's conference, held here last week, heard the Nobel economist F.A. Hayek ...
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    UK environment: Conservation plans go awry (1983)
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 525-525 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Wildlife and Countryside Act, introduced two years ago, has run into serious trouble. British conservation groups are complaining that the act fails to provide adequate protection to places designated by the Nature Conservancy Council (NCC) as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). The ...
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    Finnish environment: New ministry's teething problems (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 525-525 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FINLAND is planning a massive modification of its environmental legislation over the next ten years. At present, the laws of environmental protection are a confused collection of ad hoc acts introduced piecemeal to cope with specific problems. The need for a legislative review was underlined by the ...
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    European biotechnology: Surplus food into feedstock (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 526-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] OUT of the political and economic gloom over the Athens summit earlier this week, where European Prime Ministers were attempting to thrash out a solution to the European Community's burgeoning "budget problem", officials were hoping for a little "green light" for biotechnology. The heads of ...
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    French computers: Double-deal at Orsay (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 526-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] EVEN if French academic computing power is behind that of the United Kingdom and West Germany (see Nature304,298; 1983), things may be looking up. After two years of often bitter negotiations, the biggest scientific campus in France - the Universit de Paris Sud at Orsay - has at last been granted a ...
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    Australian telecommunications: Private sector at arms' length (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 527-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Canberra THE Labour Government has been busily reversing the free-market bent of Mr Malcolm Eraser's policy on telecommunications in order to keep it in the public sector. The latest policy reversal is the decision on 15 November to retain full ownership of Aussat Pty Ltd, the company set up to ...
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    Laboratory animals: Huxley attacks “animal rightists” (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 527-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN a stout defence of laboratory animal experiments, Sir Andrew Huxley, president of the Royal Society, last week let slip that he personally countersigns 1,500 applications a year by researchers to the Home Office - and that he sends about 100 of them back for amendment before adding his ...
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    Collective phenomena: Absent Soviet friends (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 528-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Stockholm THE Sixth International Conference on Collective Phenomena last week cast light on the problem of scientific "refusniks" in the Soviet Union. Although many Western scientists have in the past ten years visited the regular Sunday seminars organized by the refusniks (Jewish scientists ...
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    Scientific publishing: Academic backs down on books (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 528-528 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] EUROPEAN publishers were last week astounded by the announcement by Academic Press London (APL) that it is to make redundant more than half of its 247-strong workforce. The recent history of APL has been troubled (see Nature 303, 192; 1983) and changes were expected, but the scale of job losses ...
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    Factor VIII cloning (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 528-528 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] GENETICS Institute, the Cambridge (Massachusetts) biotechnology corporation, claimed last week important progress towards the production of factor VIII, the blood-clotting agent in which haemophiliacs are deficient. The institute says that it should have been able to clone and express the gene for ...
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    Creationism: Still in evidence in Texas (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 528-529 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] RELIGIOUS fundamentalists are shifting their efforts to local school boards, having largely failed in the courts and state legislatures to force the teaching of "creation science" in public schools. The current multiplicity of relatively low-key efforts seems, at least in some areas, to be paying ...
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    UK biotechnology: Where there's muck … (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 529-529 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ENCOURAGING signs of life in British biotechnology have been discovered by Biotechnology Investments Limited (BIL), the two-and-a-half-year-old company sponsored by the merchant bank N. M. Rothschild & Sons Limited. Since the end of May, when BIL's second annual report showed investments of ...
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    Numerology (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 530-530 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - In the argument about numerology (Nature 7 July, p. 11 and 1 September, p.8), both the numerologists and their critics miss the point. Being impressed by the near match of numbers does not make science, nor is it scientific simply to stress the remaining inaccuracy and complain of the lack of ...
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    Yrast phenomena in fashion (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 531-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] LEXICOGRAPHERS have been dismayed, but word-game players no doubt delighted, by the appearence on the scene of the word yrast, one of the rare contributions of the Swedish language to international usage. (The word is apparently the superlative of the adjective gr, which means "dizzy".) Its ...
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    Deep Sea Drilling Project: Sediment drifts and intraplate tectonics in the North Atlantic (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 532-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ON 17 August 1983, the GlomarChallenger docked in St. John's, Newfoundland, with more than two miles of sediment cored from a climatically critical region of the North Atlantic Ocean. This ended a voyage begun 55 days earlier in Norfolk, Virginia, that took the Challenger to a transect of six sites ...
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    International ethological conference: The evolutionary basis of behaviour (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 533-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN its early days, the science of ethology was devoted largely to the description of the behaviour patterns of animals. Today, however, the subject encompasses a wide range of disciplines, as indicated by the themes of the Plenary Sessions at the 18th International Ethological Conference*: ...
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