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  • Elsevier  (46,380)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (3,639)
  • 2020-2024  (4,223)
  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1980-1984  (45,796)
  • 1925-1929
  • 2022  (4,223)
  • 1983  (45,796)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-10-18
    Description: We propose a procedure based on remote sensing Sentinel-1 InSAR data aiming at evaluating the variability of the moment tensor solutions provided by different agencies in case of light-to-moderate earthquake. We model the expected coseismic ground deformations from the available moment tensor solutions and compare them with the real ones retrieved with the InSAR data. Any differences between location and intensity of simulated and estimated seismic-induced deformation fields allow indirectly evaluating the variability of the solutions in terms of epicenter locations and kinematics of the causative faults. We applied this investigation method to several light (4〈Mw 〈 4.9) to moderate (5〈Mw 〈 5.9) earthquakes occurred along the Mediterranean area since the launch of the Sentinel-1A mission in 2014. The selected seismic events cover all the faulting mechanisms and are characterized by different estimated magnitudes and depths thus offering a synoptic view of the performance of the procedure in several cases. Thanks to the global coverage and the unprecedented revisit time of Sentinel-1 acquisitions, the proposed procedure can be easily extended to any seismic event occurred inland worldwide.
    Description: Published
    Description: 100057
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Political Geography, Elsevier, 92, pp. 102581-102581, ISSN: 0962-6298
    Publication Date: 2023-10-30
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 3
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    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Chemical Geology, Elsevier, 597, pp. 120795-120795, ISSN: 0167-6695
    Publication Date: 2023-10-30
    Description: Ocean environmental conditions can be inferred from the chemical composition of bamboo coral skeletons. The high magnesium calcite internodes of these long-living octocorals may therefore represent a potential archive for seawater properties such as salinity or temperature where instrumental time series are absent. To extend these time series into the past using a natural archive the principles of temperature and salinity signal incorporation into cold-water coral skeletal material need to be investigated. Since skeletal Na and S concentrations have been proposed as environmental proxies, we mapped the spatial distribution and concentration of these elements in two Atlantic specimens of Keratoisis grayi (family Isididae). These measurements were conducted with an electron microprobe applying a spatial resolution of 4 μm. The mean apparent distribution coefficient of Na/Ca for the two samples was within 2.5 and 2.8*10−4, while that of S shows a similar depletion relative to seawater with 3.8 and 3.6*10−3. The two elements show an inverse correlation in bamboo coral skeletons. The mean apparent distribution coefficient of Na is similar to that of abiotic calcites. This similarity can be interpreted as the absence of significant vital effects for skeletal Na/Ca. Hence it corroborates the idea that the average skeletal composition of bamboo corals holds the potential to record past seawater conditions. In contrast, it appears unlikely that the spatial variations of the element distribution of seemingly simultaneously precipitated material along growth rings are exclusively controlled by environmental factors. We further exclude Rayleigh fractionation, ion-specific pumping, and Ca/proton exchange as the driver of Na and S distribution in bamboo corals. Instead, we adapt a calcification model originally proposed for scleractinians to bamboo corals. This model can explain the observed distribution of Na and S in the skeleton by a combination of Ca/proton pumping, bicarbonate active transport, and the formation of an organic skeletal matrix. The adapted model can further be used to predict the theoretical behaviour of other elements and disentangle vital effects from external factors influencing compositional features. It is therefore a useful tool for future studies on the potential of bamboo corals as environmental archives.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Automatica, Elsevier, 144, pp. 110487-110487, ISSN: 0005-1098
    Publication Date: 2023-10-23
    Description: The presence of tipping points in ecological systems implies abrupt changes in the dynamics of the ecosystem. In these piecewise-smooth dynamical systems sliding dynamics, i.e., dynamics on the switching boundary, have been reported for population models. However, the question whether or not, and if so under which conditions, sliding dynamics may occur in an optimally controlled system have not yet been studied. We explore this issue in a simple harvesting model with two regimes, and find that optimal sliding may occur if regular steady states do not exist. Hence, sliding dynamics may be part of an optimal policy.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 5
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    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Progress in Oceanography, Elsevier, 206, pp. 102851, ISSN: 00796611
    Publication Date: 2023-08-01
    Description: Harmful Algae Blooms pose an increasing threat to the public health and economic stability of Southern Chile, particularly to the aquaculture industries. This fieldwork performed during the PROFAN expedition from 12th to 22nd November 2019 extends the knowledge on the distribution of marine toxin-producing species in the difficult to access Última Esperanza Province in the Magallanes Region. Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning toxins with high relative abundances of saxitoxin and lipophilic toxins dominated by yessotoxins, pectenotoxins and domoic acid were detected at nearly each sampling station. The respective toxin-producing organisms are mainly from the genus Alexandrium and Dinophysis. Furthermore, the first detection of pinnatoxin-G (PnTx-G) in Chilean waters strongly indicates the presence of the dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-01-17
    Description: In this paper we present the ground response analyses (GRA) of a site where an industrial facility is planned. Because of its location on an active normal fault system known as a relevant seismic gap, the Mt. Morrone Fault system (MMF), and at the edge of a basin filled with slow velocity continental deposits, a inter-disciplinary and non-standard approach has been applied to assess the seismic input of the dynamic numerical analyses. It includes geological, seismological, geotechnical and engineering contributions. Two fault scenarios, MMF1 and MMF2, were considered and scenario-based (SSHA) and probabilistic (time-dependent, TD, and time-independent, TI) seismic hazard (PSHA) analyses were implemented. Comparison among the spectra corresponding to the 90th percentile of the SSHA statistical distribution and the PSHA average ones, shows that the MMF2 has values similar to the TD model. The SSHA 90th percentile distribution was selected as target spectra to retrieve the seismic input for GRA. Nonlinear numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation were implemented to derive surface ground motion parameters. GRA acceleration response spectra and their PGA are notably higher, and thus on the safety site, than those obtained following the Italian code approach for seismic resistant buildings. These results confirm that a scenario-based methodology can better capture the shaking effect in near-field conditions, avoiding possibly unconservative underestimations of the seismic actions and in view of a more robust performance-based approach used by engineers for either new design and/or assessment/retrofit purposes of the built environment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106970
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Elsevier, 68, pp. 102699-102699, ISSN: 2212-4209
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Community engagement for disaster risk reduction has become central to participatory emergency management. In neoliberal contexts, publics are increasingly portrayed as responsible for preparing and responding to disasters, while at the same time and contradictorily, they are engaged by the state to encourage compliance with top-down policies and directives. This is happening while incremental budget cuts reinforce the operationalisation of community engagement as information dissemination and service delivery. In this paper we scrutinize the ways in which community engagement for disaster risk reduction has been governed and translated into practice in Australia, focusing on the experiences of the practitioners and community representatives doing community engagement in a peri-urban and multi-hazard area of Victoria. We identify and discuss the role of connectors—individuals fostering connections within and among state-led emergency services, local government, and publics—in negotiating change and building relationships. Our analysis shows how the political economy of state-led emergency management hinders the efforts of connectors, contributing to disconnection between publics, community representatives, and emergency agencies. In navigating the bureaucratic, temporal, and financial constraints of state-led community engagement, the emergency sector is missing opportunities to listen, learn, and work with connectors. The result is missed opportunities to build meaningful connections with publics for disaster risk reduction.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-09-19
    Description: The last deglaciation was characterized by a sequence of abrupt climate events thought to be linked to rapid changes in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The sequence includes a weakening of the AMOC after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), which ends with an abrupt AMOC amplification at the transition to the Bølling/Allerød (B/A). This transition occurs despite persistent deglacial meltwater fluxes that counteract vigorous North Atlantic deep-water formation. Using the Earth system model COSMOS with a range of deglacial boundary conditions and reconstructed deglacial meltwater fluxes, we show that deglacial CO2 rise and ice sheet decline modulate the sensitivity of the AMOC to these fluxes. While declining ice sheets increase the sensitivity, increasing atmospheric CO2 levels tend to counteract this effect. Therefore, the occurrence of a weaker HS1 AMOC and an abrupt AMOC increase in the presence of meltwater, might be explained by these effects, as an alternative to or in combination with changes in the magnitude or routing of meltwater discharge.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: Although often speculated, the link between theMiddle Triassic shoshonitic magmatismat the NE margin of the Adria plate and the subduction-related metasomatismof the Southern Alps Sub-Continental Lithospheric Mantle (SCLM) has never been constrained. In this paper, a detailed geochemical and petrological characterization of the lavas, dykes and ultramafic cumulates belonging to the shoshonitic magmatic event that shaped the Dolomites (Southern Alps) was used tomodel the composition and evolution of the underlying SCLMin the time comprised between the Variscan subduction and the opening of the Alpine Tethys. Geochemical models and numerical simulations enabled us to define that 5–7% partial melting of an amphibole + phlogopite-bearing spinel lherzolite, similar to the Finero phlogopite peridotite, can account for the composition of the primitive Mid-Triassic SiO2- saturated to -undersaturated melts with shoshonitic affinity (87Sr/86Sri = 0.7032–0.7058; 143Nd/144Ndi = 0.51219–0.51235; Mg # ~ 70; ~1.1 wt% H2O). By taking into account the H2O content documented in mineral phases from the Finero phlogopite peridotite, it is suggested that the Mid-Triassic SCLM source was able to preserve a significant enrichment and volatile content (600–800 ppm H2O) for more than 50 Ma, i.e. since the slab-related metasomatismconnected to the Variscan subduction. The partialmelting of a Finero-like SCLM represents the exhaustion of the subduction-related signature in the Southern Alps lithosphere that predated the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic asthenospheric upwelling related to the opening of the Alpine Tethys.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105856
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: Excessive nonphysical energy dissipation is a problem in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) when modeling free surface waves, resulting in a significant decrease in wave amplitude within a few wavelengths for progressive waves. This dissipation poses a limitation to the physical scale of SPH applications involving water wave propagation. Some prior solutions to this wave decay problem rely on elaborate schemes, which require a complex, or non-straightforward, implementation. Other approaches demand large smoothing lengths that lead to longer simulation times and potential degradation of the results. In this work we present an approach based on a kernel gradient correction. Our scheme is fully 3D and solves the main known drawbacks of kernel gradient corrections, such as instabilities and lack of momentum conservation. The latter is ensured by adopting an averaged correction matrix, so as to conserve reciprocity during particle interactions. We test our model with a standing wave in a basin and a progressive wave train in a wave tank, and in both cases no nonphysical decay occurs. A comparison to an approach based on large smoothing factors shows advantages both in quality of the results and simulation time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104018
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: WCSPH ; Wave propagation ; Coastal engineering ; Kernel correction ; Decay
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: The attention and demand for greater social protection is increasing among the populations of all European countries. It is difficult to identify which of the structures and infrastructures, sectors and regional budgets are inefficient and/or negligent in respect of providing more social protection. In the political sphere the problem is examined from a qualitative point of view, because it is essential to have a valid decisional support system that provides useful information for structural and economic intervention programs devised to improve social protection. Regional spending on social protection is a fundamental component of individual well-being. This work is precisely aimed at assessing individual well-being in terms of technical expenses efficiency in the Italian Regions. Stochastic frontier analysis and a nonparametric deterministic model structure are the tools used to investigate the social protection determinants in the paper.
    Description: Published
    Description: 100965
    Description: 4TM. Web e Social
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Data envelopment analysis ; Technical efficiency ; Efficiency analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: The geometry, rates and kinematics of active faulting in the region close to the tip of a major crustal-scale normal fault in the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, are investigated using detailed fault mapping and new absolute dating. Fault offsets have been dated using a combination of 234U/230Th coral dates and in situ 36Cl cosmogenic exposure ages for sediments and wave-cut platforms deformed by the faults. Our results show that deformation in the tip zone is distributed across as many as eight faults arranged within ~700 m across strike, each of which deforms deposits and landforms associated with the 125 ka marine terrace of Marine Isotope Stage 5e. Summed throw-rates across strike achieve values as high as 0.3–1.6 mm/yr, values that are comparable to those at the centre of the crustal-scale fault (2–3 mm/yr from Holocene palaeoseismology and 3–4 mm/yr from GPS geodesy). The relatively high deformation rate and distributed deformation in the tip zone are discussed in terms of stress enhancement from rupture of neighbouring crustal-scale faults and in terms of how this should be considered during fault-based seismic hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104063
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Crustal Deformation ; Active Faults ; Absolute Dating ; Marine terraces
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2023-11-24
    Description: During the middle Eocene to early Oligocene Earth transitioned from a greenhouse to an icehouse climate state. The interval comprises the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO; ~40 Ma) and a subsequent long-term cooling trend that culminated in the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT; ~34 Ma) with the Oi-1 glaciation. Here, we present a refined calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and an orbitally tuned age model for the Monte Cagnero (MCA) section spanning the middle Eocene to the early Oligocene (~41 to ~33 Ma). Spectral analysis of magnetic susceptibility (MS) data displays strong cyclicities in the orbital frequency band allowing us to tune the identified 405 kyr eccentricity minima in the MS record to their equivalents in the astronomical solution. Our orbitally tuned age model allows us to estimate the position and duration of polarity chrons (C18 to C13) and compare them with other standard and orbitally tuned ages. We were also able to constrain the timing and duration of the MECO event, which coincides with a minimum in the 2.4 Myr and 405 kyr eccentricity cycles. Our study corroborates the previous estimated age for the base of the Rupelian stage (33.9 Ma) and estimates the base of the Priabonian stage in the MCA section to be at 37.4 Ma. Finally, calcareous nannofossils with known paleoenvironmental preferences suggest a gradual shift from oligotrophic to meso-eutrophic conditions with an abrupt change at ~36.8 Ma. Besides, nannofossil assemblages suggest that enhanced nutrient availability pre- ceded water cooling at the late Eocene. Altogether, this evidence points to a poorly developed water column stratification prior to the cooling trend.
    Description: Published
    Description: 110563
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: The increasing dinosaur record from Italy questioned classic palaeogeographic scenarios for the Central Mediterranean area and suggest the proximity of landmass areas and a geographical connection between Gondwana and Laurasia during Cretaceous times. Besides several track-sites and exceptionally-preserved specimens (e.g. Scipionyx samniticus), the Italian dinosaur record also consists of isolated bones, among which the bone fragment of a theropod discovered in north-western Sicily. The bone occurs in a shallowwater carbonate succession (i.e. Pizzo Muletta, Palermo Mountains) pertaining to the Panormide Carbonate Platform (PCP). The bone was previously ascribed to the Cenomanian, strongly supporting the hypothesis of a land bridge connecting Gondwana and Adria via PCP. More recently, new sedimentological and biostratigraphic studies on the Pizzo Muletta succession have been carried out. The obtained results allow to predate the stratigraphic position of the dinosaur bone to the late Aptianeearly Albian and to assess a detailed AptianeCenomanian evolution of this sector of the PCP. In particular, the karstic overprint of Cenomanian rudist limestones indicate a subaerial exposure of the platform preceding its drowning during latest Cenomanian times. The new assumptions allow to extend the temporal duration of the intermittent land bridge between Gondwana and Laurasia at least from Aptian to Cenomanian times and to add further evidences of the dominant tectonic control affecting the Western Tethys during Cretaceous times.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104919
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The redox speciation of iron was determined during the iron fertilization LOHAFEX and for the first time, the chemiluminescence assay of filtered and unfiltered samples was systematically compared. We hypothesize that higher chemiluminescence in unfiltered samples was caused by Fe(II) adsorbed onto biological particles. Dissolved and particulate Fe(II) increased in the mixed layer steadily 6-fold during the first two weeks and decreased back to initial levels by the end of LOHAFEX. Both Fe(II) forms did not show diel cycles downplaying the role of photoreduction. The chemiluminescence of unfiltered samples across the patch boundaries showed strong gradients, correlated significantly to biomass and the photosynthetic efficiency and were higher at night, indicative of a biological control. At 150 m deep, a secondary maximum of dissolved Fe(II) was associated with maxima of nitrite and ammonium despite high oxygen concentrations. We hypothesize that during LOHAFEX, iron redox speciation was mostly regulated by trophic interactions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Marine planktonic eukaryotes play critical roles in global biogeochemical cycles and climate. However, their poor representation in culture collections limits our understanding of the evolutionary history and genomic underpinnings of planktonic ecosystems. Here, we used 280 billion Tara Oceans metagenomic reads from polar, temperate, and tropical sunlit oceans to reconstruct and manually curate more than 700 abundant and widespread eukaryotic environmental genomes ranging from 10 Mbp to 1.3 Gbp. This genomic resource covers a wide range of poorly characterized eukaryotic lineages that complement long-standing contributions from culture collections while better representing plankton in the upper layer of the oceans. We performed the first, to our knowledge, comprehensive genome-wide functional classification of abundant unicellular eukaryotic plankton, revealing four major groups connecting distantly related lineages. Neither trophic modes of plankton nor its vertical evolutionary history could completely explain the functional repertoire convergence of major eukaryotic lineages that coexisted within oceanic currents for millions of years.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Epibenthic dinoflagellates occur globally and include many toxin-producing species of concern to human health and benthic ecosystem function. Such benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) have been well described from tropical and sub-tropical coastal environments, but assessments from north temperate waters, e.g., northern Europe, and polar regions are scarce. The present study addressed the biodiversity and distribution of potentially toxic epibenthic dinoflagellate populations along the west coast of Sweden (Kattegat-Skagerrak) by morphological and molecular criteria. Morphological analysis conducted by light- and electron-microscopy was then linked by DNA barcoding of the V4 region of 18S rRNA gene sequences to interpret taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships. The presence of two potentially toxigenic epibenthic dinoflagellates, Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) F.Stein and Coolia monotis Meunier was confirmed, along with a description of their spatial and temporal distribution. For P. lima, one third of the cell abundance values exceeded official alarm thresholds for potentially toxic BHAB events (〉1000 cells gr–1 of macroalgae fresh weight). The same species were recorded consecutively for two summers, but without significant temporal variation in cell densities. SEM analyses confirmed the presence of other benthic Prorocentrum species: P. fukuyoi complex, P. cf. foraminosum and P. cf. hoffmannianum. Analyses of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene also indicated the presence P. compressum, P. hoffmannianum, P. foraminosum, P. fukuyoi, and P. nanum. These findings provide the first biogeographical evidence of toxigenic benthic dinoflagellates along the west coast of Sweden, in the absence of ongoing monitoring to include epibenthic dinoflagellates. Harmful events due to the presence of Coolia at shellfish aquaculture sites along the Kattegat-Skagerrak are likely to be rather marginal because C. monotis is not known to be toxigenic. In any case, as a preliminary assessment, the results highlight the risk of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) events caused by P. lima, which may affect the development and sustainability of shellfish aquaculture in the region.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium Halim represents perhaps the most significant and intensively studied genus with respect to species diversity, life history strategies, toxigenicity, biogeographical distribution, and global magnitude and consequences harmful algal blooms (HABs). The socioeconomic impacts, environmental and human health risks, and mitigation strategies for toxigenic Alexandrium blooms have also been explored in recent years. Human adaptive actions based on future scenarios of bloom dynamics and shifts in biogeographical distribution under climate-change parameters remain under development and not yet implemented on a regional scale. In the CoCliME (Co-development of climate services for adaptation to changing marine ecosystems) project these issues were addressed with respect to past, current and anticipated future status of key HAB genera and expected benefits of enhanced monitoring. Data on the distribution and frequency of Alexandrium blooms related to paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) events from key CoCliME Case Study areas, comprising the North Sea and adjacent Kattegat-Skagerrak, Norwegian Sea, and Baltic Sea, and eastern North Atlantic marginal seas, were evaluated in a contemporary and historical context over the past several decades. The first evidence of possible biogeographical expansion of Alexandrium taxa into eastern Arctic gateways was provided from DNA barcoding signatures. Various key climate change indicators, such as salinity, temperature, and water-column stratification, relevant to Alexandrium bloom initiation and development were identified. The possible influence of changing variables on bloom dynamics, magnitude, frequency and spatial and temporal distribution were interpreted in the context of regional ocean climate models. These climate change impact indicators may play key roles in selecting for the occurrence and diversity of Alexandrium species within the broader microeukaryote communities. For example, shifts to higher temperature and lower salinity regimes predicted for the southern North Sea indicate the potential for increased Alexandrium blooms, currently absent from this area. Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of Alexandrium blooms and effects on fisheries and aquaculture resources and coastal ecosystem function are evaluated, and, where feasible, effective adaptation strategies are proposed herein as emerging climate services.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: A bloom of the fish-killing haptophyte Chrysochromulina leadbeateri in northern Norway during May and June 2019 was the most harmful algal event ever recorded in the region, causing massive mortalities of farmed salmon. Accordingly, oceanographic and biodiversity aspects of the bloom were studied in unprecedented detail, based on metabarcoding and physico-chemical and biotic factors related with the dynamics and distribution of the bloom. Light- and electron-microscopical observations of nanoplankton samples from diverse locations confirmed that C. leadbeateri was dominant in the bloom and the primary cause of associated fish mortalities. Cell counts by light microscopy and flow cytometry were obtained throughout the regional bloom within and adjacent to five fjord systems. Metabarcoding sequences of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene from field material collected during the bloom and a cultured isolate from offshore of Tromsøy island confirmed the species identification. Sequences from three genetic markers (18S, 28S rRNA gene and ITS region) verified the close if not identical genetic similarity to C. leadbeateri from a previous massive fish-killing bloom in 1991 in northern Norway. The distribution and cell abundance of C. leadbeateri and related Chrysochromulina species in the recent incident were tracked by integrating observations from metabarcoding sequences of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene. Metabarcoding revealed at least 14 distinct Chrysochromulina variants, including putative cryptic species. C. leadbeateri was by far the most abundant of these species, but with high intraspecific genetic variability. Highest cell abundance of up to 2.7 × 107 cells L − 1 of C. leadbeateri was found in Balsfjorden; the high cell densities were associated with stratification near the pycnocline (at ca. 12 m depth) within the fjord. The cell abundance of C. leadbeateri showed positive correlations with temperature, negative correlation with salinity, and a slightly positive correlation with ambient phosphate and nitrate concentrations. The spatio-temporal succession of the C. leadbeateri bloom suggests independent initiation from existing pre-bloom populations in local zones, perhaps sustained and supplemented over time by northeastward advection of the bloom from the fjords.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 20
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    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Remote Sensing of Environment, Elsevier, 268, pp. 112752-112752, ISSN: 0034-4257
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Permafrost is warming globally which leads to widespread permafrost thaw. Particularly ice-rich permafrost is vulnerable to rapid thaw and erosion, impacting whole landscapes and ecosystems. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) are abrupt permafrost disturbances that expand by several meters each year and lead to an increased soil organic carbon release. Local Remote Sensing studies identified increasing RTS activity in the last two decades by increasing number of RTS or heightened RTS growth rates. However, a large-scale assessment across diverse permafrost regions and at high temporal resolution allowing to further determine RTS thaw dynamics and its main drivers is still lacking. In this study we apply the disturbance detection algorithm LandTrendr for automated large-scale RTS mapping and high temporal thaw dynamic assessment to North Siberia (8.1×106km2). We adapted and parametrised the temporal segmentation algorithm for abrupt disturbance detection to incorporate Landsat+Sentinel-2 mosaics, conducted spectral filtering, spatial masking and filtering, and a binary machine-learning object classification of the disturbance output to separate between RTS and false positives (F1 score: 0.609). Ground truth data for calibration and validation of the workflow was collected from 9 known RTS cluster sites using very high-resolution RapidEye and PlanetScope imagery. Our study presents the first automated detection and assessment of RTS and their temporal dynamics at large-scale for 2001–2019. We identified 50,895 RTS and a steady increase in RTS-affected area from 2001 to 2019 across North Siberia, with a more abrupt increase from 2016 onward. Overall the RTS-affected area increased by 331 compared to 2000 (2000: 20,158ha, 2001–2019: 66,699ha). Contrary to this, 5 focus sites show spatio-temporal variability in their annual RTS dynamics, with alternating periods of increased and decreased RTS development, indicating a close relationship to thaw drivers. The majority of identified RTS was active from 2000 onward and only a small proportion initiated during the assessment period, indicating that the increase in RTS-affected area was mainly caused by enlarging existing RTS and not by new RTS. The detected increase in RTS dynamics suggests advancing permafrost thaw and underlines the importance of assessing abrupt permafrost disturbances with high spatial and temporal resolution at large-scales. Obtaining such consistent disturbance products will help to parametrise regional and global climate change models.
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Rapid changes of the biosphere observed in recent years are caused by both small and large scale drivers, like shifts in temperature, transformations in land-use, or changes in the energy budget of systems. While the latter processes are easily quantifiable, documentation of the loss of biodiversity and community structure is more difficult. Changes in organismal abundance and diversity are barely documented. Censuses of species are usually fragmentary and inferred by often spatially, temporally and ecologically unsatisfactory simple species lists for individual study sites. Thus, detrimental global processes and their drivers often remain unrevealed. A major impediment to monitoring species diversity is the lack of human taxonomic expertise that is implicitly required for large-scale and fine-grained assessments. Another is the large amount of personnel and associated costs needed to cover large scales, or the inaccessibility of remote but nonetheless affected areas. To overcome these limitations we propose a network of Automated Multisensor stations for Monitoring of species Diversity (AMMODs) to pave the way for a new generation of biodiversity assessment centers. This network combines cutting-edge technologies with biodiversity informatics and expert systems that conserve expert knowledge. Each AMMOD station combines autonomous samplers for insects, pollen and spores, audio recorders for vocalizing animals, sensors for volatile organic compounds emitted by plants (pVOCs) and camera traps for mammals and small invertebrates. AMMODs are largely self-containing and have the ability to pre-process data (e.g. for noise filtering) prior to transmission to receiver stations for storage, integration and analyses. Installation on sites that are difficult to access require a sophisticated and challenging system design with optimum balance between power requirements, bandwidth for data transmission, required service, and operation under all environmental conditions for years. An important prerequisite for automated species identification are databases of DNA barcodes, animal sounds, for pVOCs, and images used as training data for automated species identification. AMMOD stations thus become a key component to advance the field of biodiversity monitoring for research and policy by delivering biodiversity data at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution.
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    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] TPA, an activator of protein kinase C, triggers platelet aggregation as well as the secretion of [14C]-serotonin from platelets11-13. The response to activation by 1 mM TPA at 37 C, with constant stirring, is more gradual than the response to activation by O.1Uml-1 thrombin and maximal aggregation ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 503-503 
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    Notes: [Auszug] GASKELL REPLIES-While recognizing that the main point of Jordan's comment is to attempt to correct the allegedly misleading generalizations made by Fair all1 and myself2, I must state that the size of the forbidden line emitting region in Fairall 427 is not an open question. If one looks at ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 731-731 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE article on page 756 from Dr P. W. J. Rigby's group at Imperial College is an intriguing document which is plainly of the utmost importance, but for reasons which, at this stage, are not fully apparent. The obvious difficulty is that the observations described bear on such a variety of important ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 727-730 
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    Notes: [Auszug] WRITING some thirty years ago, Hermann Bondi suggested that in astronomy, observations had proven a less reliable arbiter of hypotheses than had theoretical considerations1 . Subsequent historical studies have widened and deepened knowledge of some of the instances cited by Bondi and have uncovered ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 733-736 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE cellular myc gene may, depending on your point of view, be seen as either the most illuminating or the most confusing of the cellular oncogenes. The promise of illumination lies in the overwhelming circumstantial evidence that c-myc activation in some lymphoid tumours is a direct subversion, ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 737-738 
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    Notes: [Auszug] AFTER some years of increasing interest, rapid progress is now being made in the understanding of lignin biodegradation. Research in a number of laboratories has culminated in the isolation by T.K. Kirk and Ming Tien of a purified enzyme able to depolymerize lignin1. This enzyme, isolated from the ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 739-740 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ALTHOUGH an ever-increasing number of pharmacologically active peptides are being found in neurones of the central nervous system, it is still not proving possible to find out precisely what neuro-transmitter or neuromodulator functions they perform. This may not be so surprising when one remembers ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 741-741 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN a letter dated Tokio, October 3, Prof. James Main Dixon writes:- "During the two or three days at the end of August we enjoyed fine dry weather, but the sun was copper-coloured and had no brightness. When we got to Nikko, the people came to us to inquire if some catastrophe were impending, for ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 742-742 
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    Notes: [Auszug] CAIRNS AND LOGAN REPLY - In the first half of his letter, Dr Holliday gives three reasons for thinking that programmed cell senescence is not a protection against the development of cancer. We believe that each of the arguments is fallacious. The common human cancers, as described in textbooks of ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 743-746 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The date of the Crucifixion has been debated for many years, but there has been no agreement on the year nor the day. Astronomical calculations have now been used to reconstruct the Jewish calendar in the first century AD and to date a lunar eclipse that biblical and other references ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 747-751 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Tropospheric ions are of considerable interest as they have the potential to induce aerosol formation and because in situ measurements of their composition are a powerful tool for neutral trace gas detection. The first measurements of tropospheric ion compositions are now ...
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Notes: [Auszug] A cDNA clone corresponding to a mRNA present at elevated levels in transformed fibroblasts encodes a Qa / Tla class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen. High levels of this mRNA are found in all tumour cells tested; the transcript can undergo alternative splicing; and a repetitive ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 765-766 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Our model of photon oscillations is a simple extension of the standard gauge theory of strong interactions wherein an additional gauged U'(l) factor is adjoined to the usual spontaneously broken SU(3) xSU(2) xU(1). Known particles transform trivially under U'(1). At this point, the model involves ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 768-770 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Graphitic particles can only be produced by combustion processes. If one excludes natural burning processes that are not expected to be a significant source during winter and spring when Arctic haze is at a maximum, then one can attribute these particles directly to anthropogenic combustion ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 772-773 
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    Notes: [Auszug] More than half a century ago it was postulated that coal was a 'polymeric' or macromolecular substance1-3. However, the evidence has not been completely convincing, and the particular nature of the macromolecular state has remained uncertain. Boddy4 found that coals, which normally exhibit brittle ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 662-666 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The β-globin gene present on the deletion locus in a Dutch γβ-thalassaemic patient was found to be identical to the normal β-globin gene with respect to DNA sequence and its transcription in HeLa cells. DNase I sensitivity and methylation experiments show that the affected ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 670-673 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The lines in the spectrum of the Zurich sunspot index in the interval 100 〈 t 〈 8 yr (where t is the period) match those of a model in which a 22-yr carrier 'wave' representing the Hale 22-yr cycle is amplitude modulated (AM) at the 90 yr (Gleissburg) period in the presence of a small but ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 676-677 
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    Notes: [Auszug] An observed deficiency of chloride ions in coastal aerosols in some locations has been attributed to a reaction of HNO3 or NO2 with NaCl (refs 7-12). Gaseous HC1 has been assumed to be the product based on studies11,12 showing that 0.1-100 p.p.m. NO2 reacted rapidly with moist NaCl aerosols to ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 679-680 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The anorthosites were emplaced into presumed Archaean quartzof eldspathic gneisses, although in large areas of the Grenville Province, both massifs and basement rocks were reworked during late Proterozoic (about 1,000 Myr) Grenvillian metamorphism5. The Adirondack anorthosite may have crystallized ...
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Notes: [Auszug] The basicranium is part of a dorsoventrally crushed skull and upper dentition of Diacodon alticuspis, an erinaceomorph from the Lower Eocene (Wasatchian North American Land Mammal Age, about 52 Myr BP) of northern New Mexico7. The specimen was collected in 1946 by an American Museum of Natural ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 688-691 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Indirect immunofluorescence techniques were used to identify the cholinergic and substance P-containing neurones of the midbrain and pontine tegmentum of young adult male rats (150-200 g, Wistar). To increase the levels of ChAT and substance P in cell bodies, the animals were given an injection of ...
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Notes: [Auszug] There is considerable evidence that the major immunogen is situated on VP1, one of the four capsid proteins1-5. Furthermore, the position of the major immunogenic site on VP1 of virus of serotype 0 has been shown to lie within the amino acid tract 141-1606-8. The same region of VP1 from other ...
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Notes: [Auszug] The Thy-1 glycoprotein exists in two allotypic forms, Thy 1.1 and Thy 1.2 (ref. 4). It has been proposed that an arginine residue at position 89 corresponds to the Thy 1.1 allotype and a glutamine residue to Thy 1.2 (ref. 5). Since the two proteins differ by only a single residue, they offered a ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 699-701 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, causative agent of East African sleeping sickness in man, also infects domestic and game animals. As the sole criterion for distinguishing T. b. rhodesiense from T. b. brucei is the former's infectivity to man, any T. brucei group stock isolated from reservoir host ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 704-707 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Previously we have isolated two recombinant plasmids (pYA102 and pYA208) containing overlapping DNA fragments which harbour the yeast actin gene8,9. In studying the region 5' to the actin gene we detected another gene whose transcription product is a polysomal RNA coding for a protein of 20,000 ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 707-709 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The transforming genes of Harvey and Kirsten murine sarcoma viruses have been named ras oncogenes because these two oncogenic retroviruses were originally isolated by passage of murine leukaemia viruses in rats1. The ras oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus has been named v-rasH and that of ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 709-712 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We have previously shown that linker histone (H1 and H5) induced chromatin condensation, as measured by electron microscopy, is directly proportional to the sedimentation rate5. Here we have used the sedimentation rate of chromatin as the primary measure of its higher order folding. Our ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 713-714 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THIS is the book we have been waiting for. Fifteen years ago, the neutral theory was proposed by Kimura, and independently by King and Jukes. In Kimura's formulation, it made two assertions. First, chance events have been more important than natural selection in bringing about evolutionary changes ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 714-714 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE realization in the early 1970s that free radicals are a normal component of the Earth's lower atmosphere revolutionized our understanding of atmospheric chemistry and its role in the larger biogeo-chemical cycling of the elements. However, the advances made in this field over the past decade ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 714-715 
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    Notes: [Auszug] As most historians portray it, science is a linear sequence of triumphant discoveries. Occasionally we hear of scientists who were mistaken, just so long as they were mistaken in big ways. But most scientists fail in the most literal sense of this term. They may publish a few papers, but these ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 715-715 
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    Notes: [Auszug] GLIMPSE of 1986 - an artist's impression of the International Solar Polar Mission spacecraft (which is now completed) atop a Centaur upper stage after its deployment from the Space Shuttle. The illustration is taken from a new publication of the European Space Agency, The International Solar Polar ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 521-521 
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    Notes: [Auszug] How, in the long run, can a modern state hope to deal equitably with its pensioners, especially if a substantial fraction of its putatively working population is forced into premature pensionhood by unemployment? And what if the social burden of the unemployment rolls will in any case be made ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 522-522 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ROBERT Nozick, the Harvard University philosopher, wrote last week in the New York Times that animal rights is a subject that seems to attract cranks. The distinguishing feature of a crank, he was quick to point out, is not merely preoccupation with a single issue; the solving of the world's ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 522-522 
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    Notes: [Auszug] How would you find out whether a ball that bounces best on one surface bounces best on all surfaces? How would you tell why a snail will not cross a ring of salty water? These are some of the questions that have been put to 11-year-olds in British primary schools by a group of investigators from ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 523-523 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) has now completed its strategic plan, intended as an adaptation to the expected substantial drop in its share of the science budget over the next few years. The plan, which has not yet been ratified, will be discussed next week at a meeting of ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] NATURE is able today to report the exciting news that there is life - of a kind - in outer space. Through the marvels of modern communications, President Ronald Reagan, Chancellor Helmut Kohl of West Germany, your correspondent and a few other European journalists were able on Monday to direct ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 524-524 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine in Palo Alto, California, has settled yet another lawsuit brought by a former employee who claimed to have been dismissed from a tenured research position. Dr Fred West all, who worked at the institute in 1978 and 1979, had accused Pauling of ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 524-524 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Chicago UNDAUNTED by 12 years of intermittent controversy, distinguished academics continue to flock to the annual conference on "the unity of the sciences" sponsored by Reverend Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church. This year's conference, held here last week, heard the Nobel economist F.A. Hayek ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 525-525 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE Wildlife and Countryside Act, introduced two years ago, has run into serious trouble. British conservation groups are complaining that the act fails to provide adequate protection to places designated by the Nature Conservancy Council (NCC) as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). The ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] FINLAND is planning a massive modification of its environmental legislation over the next ten years. At present, the laws of environmental protection are a confused collection of ad hoc acts introduced piecemeal to cope with specific problems. The need for a legislative review was underlined by the ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 526-526 
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    Notes: [Auszug] OUT of the political and economic gloom over the Athens summit earlier this week, where European Prime Ministers were attempting to thrash out a solution to the European Community's burgeoning "budget problem", officials were hoping for a little "green light" for biotechnology. The heads of ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 526-526 
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    Notes: [Auszug] EVEN if French academic computing power is behind that of the United Kingdom and West Germany (see Nature304,298; 1983), things may be looking up. After two years of often bitter negotiations, the biggest scientific campus in France - the Universit de Paris Sud at Orsay - has at last been granted a ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 527-527 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Canberra THE Labour Government has been busily reversing the free-market bent of Mr Malcolm Eraser's policy on telecommunications in order to keep it in the public sector. The latest policy reversal is the decision on 15 November to retain full ownership of Aussat Pty Ltd, the company set up to ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN a stout defence of laboratory animal experiments, Sir Andrew Huxley, president of the Royal Society, last week let slip that he personally countersigns 1,500 applications a year by researchers to the Home Office - and that he sends about 100 of them back for amendment before adding his ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 528-528 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Stockholm THE Sixth International Conference on Collective Phenomena last week cast light on the problem of scientific "refusniks" in the Soviet Union. Although many Western scientists have in the past ten years visited the regular Sunday seminars organized by the refusniks (Jewish scientists ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] EUROPEAN publishers were last week astounded by the announcement by Academic Press London (APL) that it is to make redundant more than half of its 247-strong workforce. The recent history of APL has been troubled (see Nature 303, 192; 1983) and changes were expected, but the scale of job losses ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] GENETICS Institute, the Cambridge (Massachusetts) biotechnology corporation, claimed last week important progress towards the production of factor VIII, the blood-clotting agent in which haemophiliacs are deficient. The institute says that it should have been able to clone and express the gene for ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 528-529 
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    Notes: [Auszug] RELIGIOUS fundamentalists are shifting their efforts to local school boards, having largely failed in the courts and state legislatures to force the teaching of "creation science" in public schools. The current multiplicity of relatively low-key efforts seems, at least in some areas, to be paying ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] ENCOURAGING signs of life in British biotechnology have been discovered by Biotechnology Investments Limited (BIL), the two-and-a-half-year-old company sponsored by the merchant bank N. M. Rothschild & Sons Limited. Since the end of May, when BIL's second annual report showed investments of ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - In the argument about numerology (Nature 7 July, p. 11 and 1 September, p.8), both the numerologists and their critics miss the point. Being impressed by the near match of numbers does not make science, nor is it scientific simply to stress the remaining inaccuracy and complain of the lack of ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 531-531 
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    Notes: [Auszug] LEXICOGRAPHERS have been dismayed, but word-game players no doubt delighted, by the appearence on the scene of the word yrast, one of the rare contributions of the Swedish language to international usage. (The word is apparently the superlative of the adjective gr, which means "dizzy".) Its ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 532-533 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ON 17 August 1983, the GlomarChallenger docked in St. John's, Newfoundland, with more than two miles of sediment cored from a climatically critical region of the North Atlantic Ocean. This ended a voyage begun 55 days earlier in Norfolk, Virginia, that took the Challenger to a transect of six sites ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 533-534 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN its early days, the science of ethology was devoted largely to the description of the behaviour patterns of animals. Today, however, the subject encompasses a wide range of disciplines, as indicated by the themes of the Plenary Sessions at the 18th International Ethological Conference*: ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 535-537 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SINCE introns and exons were discovered six years ago, the split organization of eukaryotic genes has been seen as a mechanism for enhancing the rateof evolutionary change. First, Gilbert1 put forward the important hypothesis that exons correspond to protein functions which can be reshuffled by ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 537-538 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE I region of the mouse major histo-compatibility complex (H-2) codesfor cell surface glycoproteins referred to as class II molecules but previously known as I-region associated or Ia antigens. The class II molecules areheterodimers of two trans-membrane glycoproteins, a 32,000 molecular ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 538-539 
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    Notes: [Auszug] AT a recent workshop* in Edinburgh investigators from forty different laboratories grappled with the idiosyncratic properties of more than 100 monoclonal antibodies raised against HLA Class II antigens. These glycoproteins, also known as la antigens, are of great interest because of their ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 539-540 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Two new papers appearing in Nature1,2 add those with an interest in mitochondria to the ever-growing list of scientists required to understand something of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Not so many years ago the MHC was commonly thought to be too complex to be comprehensible to all ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] ECDYSTEROIDS, the hormones controlling development in arthropods and present in certain plant families, have now been found in helminth parasites of humans and livestock (trematodes1, filarial nematodes2 and cestodes3,4). As reported at a recent conference*, one result - of great potential ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 541-545 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Deuterium and water contents of rhyolite obsidian tephra clasts and lava flows sampled in the western USA decrease within each eruptive sequence, from D- and H2O-rich, explosive (Plinian) eruptions, to D- and H2O-depleted lava flows. These changes result not from volatile ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 545-550 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Sulphur isotope analyses reveal that the fossil hydrothermal pyrite mound and tubes at Silvermines were produced by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe(II) with bacteriogenically-reduced sulphur species (δ34S range:−18.4 to −42.5%). This took place in a brine pool ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Nucleotide sequence and deletion analysis have been used to identify the regulatory and coding sequences comprising the cholera toxin operon (ctx). Incorporation of defined in vitro-generated ctx deletion mutations into Vibrio cholerae by in vivo genetic recombination produced strains which have ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] DNA sequences containing the 5′-flanking regions of the insulin and chymotrypsin genes were linked to the coding sequence of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. The insulin gene recombinant elicits preferential expression of CAT activity when introduced into cells producing ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The β-adrenergic receptor binding subunits from frog erythrocytes, hamster lung and guinea pig lung have been purified to apparent homogeneity and in all cases reside on a single polypeptide. Insertion of the pure receptors into phospholipid vesicles and subsequent fusion of these vesicles ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 566-568 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We have three sets of observations on which the actual discovery7 of a radio supernova in NGC4258 is based: (1) a combination of data taken with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) in 1974-75 and data taken with the Very Large Array (VLA) in June 1979 at 1,415 and 1,480 MHz ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 568-569 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The short-period end of the pulsar distribution is dominated by the Crab and Vela pulsars: they are typical young objects with a vigorous energy output, and, because of their unique evolutionary status, have served as a basis for much of the theoretical debate on pulsars' emission mechanisms (see, ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 607-609 
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    Notes: [Auszug] DNA attached to a protein matrix was isolated from hen oviducts and digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI. The released (85% of total) and bound (15% of total) fractions were separated quantitatively and analysed by gel electrophoresis, blotted to nitrocellulose by the method of Southern13 and ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] For the isolation of IGF-I cDNA we used a cDNA library derived from human adult liver12. This library was constructed by preparing double-stranded cDNA from poly (A)-containing mRNA and inserting it into the Pstl restriction site of the pBR322 derivative pKT21813, using the dG-dC tailing technique. ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 615-616 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Genomic DNA was prepared from peripheral blood of individuals typed for C4 and samples were digested with various restriction endonucleases, the resulting fragments separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose filters and hybridized with a 32P-labelled cDNA probe known to ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] A human genomic DNA library22 was screened for phage carrying preproenkephalin B (alternatively designated prepro-dynorphin) gene sequences by hybridization in situ23 at 60 C with a porcine cDNA probe1. To examine whether the initial phage clones thus obtained carried the entire mRNA-coding ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 616-617 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Among a collection of Enterobacteriaceae made by E. D. G. Murray between 1917 and 1954, 84 (19%) transferred conjugative plasmids to E. coli K-12. Of these, 36 determined colicinogeny, one determined tellurite resistance and 47 were cryptic1. We labelled cryptic conjugative plasmids with antibiotic ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] We first related the ability of EGF to stimulate DNA synthesis with expression of EGF receptors by WI-38 cells of various in vitro ages. The in vitro age of WI-38 cultures was monitored using two indices, population doubling level (PDL)22 and per cent of the replicative lifespan completed (PLC)23; ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 620-622 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Procedures used for preparation of high-speed cytoplasmic extracts (HSE) from Xenopus eggs are outlined in Fig. 1. When HSE is incubated at 18-25 C, a distinct gel forms which slowly contracts over a period of 12-24 h. Actin is a main component of the gel as shown by the following criteria: (1) a ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 623-623 
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    Notes: [Auszug] WHEN distinguished physicists reach the age of sixty - or some similar milestone - it is not unusual to celebrate the occasion by bringing out a festschrift made up of papers written on request by friends and colleagues. These volumes must be a source of satisfaction to the person so honoured but ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 623-624 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN his Presidential Address to the Geochemical Society in 1976, Karl Turekian said "... one has the feeling that the whole field of trace metal marine geochemistry would have been a completely dull one over the past fifty years if it weren't for analytical errors! The startling conclusion, as the ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 624-625 
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    Notes: [Auszug] EVOLUTIONARY theory is as attractive to biologists now as it has ever been. Most social scientists, however, continue to resist its allure, recalling the malign influence of nineteenth century evolutionism in the social arena. It is no surprise, then, that these two books on the relationship ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 625-625 
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    Notes: [Auszug] BLUE skies and red sunsets intrigued Leonardo de Vinci and stimulated some of the best scientific compositions of Tyndall and Lord Rayleigh. While no longer an enigma to a generation which was exposed to essays on sky colour in the classics of children's scientific literature and which witnessed ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 626-626 
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    Notes: [Auszug] FASCINATING insights into the evolution of nature's elements and the subsequent history of our Solar System can be obtained from the study of elemental abundances and isotopic anomalies in terrestrial, meteoritic and lunar materials. In this book, Paul Kuroda examines some of the facets of this ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 625-626 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN 1980, T.C. Whitmore wrote: "The second half of the twentieth century will stand in history as the brief period during which Man reduced the area of the richest and most complex ecosystems in the world by one third". The ecosystems he referred to, of course, are the world's tropical rain forests ...
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