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  • Articles  (11,389)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (11,389)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1982  (11,389)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (11,389)
Collection
  • Articles  (11,389)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (11,389)
  • 1935-1939
Year
Journal
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vilhelm Bjerknes and his Students (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.000245
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sediment Ripples and Dunes (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 13-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.000305
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topology of Three-Dimensional Separated Flows (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 61-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.000425
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of Lakes, Reservoirs, and Cooling Ponds (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 153-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.001101
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent Jets and Plumes (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 189-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.001201
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Computation of Transonic Potential Flows (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 261-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.001401
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Fluid Dynamics of Heart Valves: Experimental, Theoretical, and Computational Methods (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 235-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.001315
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of Oil Ganglia During Immiscible Displacement in Water-Wet Porous Media (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 365-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.002053
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of Glaciers and Large Ice Masses (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 87-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.000511
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Mathematical Theory of Frontogenesis (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 131-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.001023
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gravity Currents in the Laboratory, Atmosphere, and Ocean (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 213-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.001241
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unsteady Airfoils (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 285-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.001441
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-Gravity Fluid Flows (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 313-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.001525
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Strange Attractor Theory of Turbulence (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 347-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.002023
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Methods in Free-Surface Flows (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 395-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.002143
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strongly Nonlinear Waves (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 39-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.14.010182.000351
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasonic Tomography for Nondestructive Evaluation (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 1-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.000245
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synchrotron Radiation Topography (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 23-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.000323
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent Developments in Rapidly Melt-Quenched Crystalline Alloys (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 51-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.000411
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 65-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.000433
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Beam Epitaxy of III-V Compounds: Application of MBE-Grown Films (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 123-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.001011
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transition Metal Oxide Gels and Colloids (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 103-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.000535
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spray Pyrolysis Processing (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 81-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.000501
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rutherford Backscattering and Channeling Analysis of Interfaces and Epitaxial Structures (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 149-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.001053
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic Susceptibilities of Highly Conducting One-Dimensional Materials (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 177-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.001141
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 243-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.001331
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High Temperature Aerospace Materials Prepared by Powder Metallurgy (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 213-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.001241
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallurgy of Rechargeable Hydrides (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 271-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.001415
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 295-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.001455
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal Structures of Fast Ion Conductors (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 351-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.002031
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  • 31
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    Electronic Resource
    Laser Processing of Semiconductor Materials (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 323-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.001543
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  • 32
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    Recombination-Enhanced Reactions in Semiconductors (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 377-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.002113
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  • 33
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    Status of New Thin-Film Photovoltaic Technologies (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 401-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.002153
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
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    THE HYSTERESIS LOOP 2. AN ANALYSIS OF THE LOOP SHAPE (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Hysteresis loops of a low carbon steel measured at various temperatures and plastic strain amplitudes are analysed using the statistical theory of the hysteresis loop. It is shown that the parameters of the statistical theory characterizing the saturated hysteresis loop, i.e. the probability density function and effective saturated stress, can be obtained from experiments. The probability density function is influenced mainly by strain amplitude; the effective saturated stress mainly by temperature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01222.x
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  • 35
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    FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN A SINTERED TUNGSTEN ALLOY (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Room temperature fatigue crack propagation in a sintered tungsten alloy was studied. The fatigue crack growth rates were found to be identical for the material in the sintered and forged and as sintered conditions. The propagation rates are slower when compared with other metals due to the relatively high Young's modulus of tungsten. The value of the exponent m in Paris' power law equation was found to be 12 which is higher than for most metals. This was ascribed to the activity of a cleavage mechanism through some of the tungsten grains along with the ductile decohesion fatigue mechanism.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01225.x
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  • 36
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    THE IMPORTANCE OF FAILURE MODE IN FATIGUE–CREEP INTERACTIONS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The present work emphasizes the need to understand the processes involved in fatigue–creep interactions before reliable life predictions may be sensibly made. In particular, the simultaneous interaction involving a strain controlled cycle with a dwell period at maximum tensile strain is analysed and the accumulation of fatigue–creep damage computed in terms of strain range, extent of dwell and microstructure. Dominant failure modes are thus identified and the findings are used to explain the apparently different failure mechanisms previously reported for a 1Cr–Mo–V alloy steel and a Type 316 stainless steel. Due to lack of data overall mapping of regimes of dominance is not possible, but in cases where a single mechanism prevails throughout the duration of dwell accurate lifetime prediction may be achieved.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01228.x
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  • 37
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    CRACK SHAPE EVOLUTION STUDIES IN THREADED CONNECTIONS USING A.C.F.M. (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Crack shape evolution has been studied in high strength, rolled thread, bolts. It has been found that, using the Crack Microgauge, it is possible to detect and size fatigue cracks, located at the thread root, from depths of less than 0.1 mm up to fracture. This work required a special probe system to be developed and also a theoretical solution for the a.c. field distribution in a thread. Some of the work and results are briefly described in this technical note.
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  • 38
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    DAMAGE TO STRUCTURES BY HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The paper shows the practical significance of theoretical studies of fatigue crack propagation in real structures, and a comparison of the results of fracture mechanics theory with the actual failure mode of structures. It follows from these conclusions that neither the influence of the magnitude and complexity of structure, nor that of the random character of loading can be overlooked. Therefore, when applying laboratory test data the character of the structure under consideration and the loading conditions should be thoroughly appreciated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01247.x
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    THE SHORT CRACK PROBLEM (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The problem associated with short crack growth, defined as situations in which the intensity of the crack tip field is underestimated by linear elastic fracture mechanics analyses, is briefly reviewed.Two cases are identified, cracks growing in plastically strained materials, such as occurs in high strain fatigue studies and at notch roots, and small cracks growing in single grains as occurs close to the fatigue limit in plain specimens.Important mechanical and metallurgical features of short cracks are discussed with particular reference to the upper and lower bound definition of a short crack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01250.x
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    ELASTIC–PLASTIC FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSES OF SHORT CRACKS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Stress and strain distributions and crack opening displacement characteristics of short cracks have been studied in single edge notch bend and centre cracked panel specimens using elastic–plastic finite element analyses incorporating both a non strain hardening and a power law hardening behaviour. J contour integral solutions to describe stress strain conditions at crack tips for short cracks differ from those for long cracks. The analyses show that (i) short cracks can propagate at stress levels lower than those required for long cracks and (ii) a two-parameter description of crack tip fields is necessary for crack propagation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01252.x
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    THE FRETTING FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF THE TITANIUM ALLOY IMI 829 AT TEMPERATURES UP TO 600°C (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The alloy IMI 829 is very sensitive to fretting fatigue damage at 20°C but its fretting fatigue strength increases as the temperature is raised to 600°C due to the formation of a glaze type oxide. Failure occurs by cracking of the glaze as a result of local creep. These cracks propagate into the bulk material. Local creep results from increased stresses in the fretting contact region, frictional heating, and preferential removal of alloying elements into the oxide film leading to reduced creep properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01235.x
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    PROPAGATION OF FATIGUE CRACKS UNDER POLYMODAL LOADING (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The influence of steady mode III on mode I fatigue growth behavior is investigated in four materials–a plain carbon steel, a Ni–Cr–Mo–V rotor steel, and titanium alloys, TA6V and TA5E ELI. It is shown that these loading conditions give rise to two main effects: (i) a strong reduction in propagation rate and (ii) a modification in crack path, the fatigue crack adopting a characteristic “factory-roof’ aspect. In 2024 Al alloy, it is shown that the superimposition of steady mode II to cyclic mode I leads to crack bifurcation, the angle θ being a function of Ka/Ktmax. These observations are discussed in the light of a new criterion which is introduced. This criterion is based on two main assumptions: (i) Fatigue cracking is assumed to occur only under the effect of local mode I opening. (ii) It is postulated that a fatigue crack grows in a direction where the crack propagation rate is maximum. A number of limitations of this approach, associated with crack closure phenomenon, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01237.x
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    A COMPARISON OF THE STRAIN INTENSITY AND CYCLIC J APPROACHES TO CRACK GROWTH (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Two parameters describing the growth of fatigue cracks are compared. They are the cyclic J integral ΔJ and the strain intensity expressed as an equivalent stress intensity ΔKeq-. By referring to cyclic stress-strain data obtained from hysteresis loops in high strength ferritic steels at room temperature and austenitic and ferritic steels at elevated temperature it is shown that: (i) for short cracks the parameters are simply related and (ii) both parameters adequately link fatigue crack growth rates observed in the separate high strain fatigue (HSF) and linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) regimes. Correction factors for thumbnail cracks and the conditions under which the relations need further modification are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01242.x
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    ANNOUNCEMENTS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01245.x
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    THE CREATION AND BEHAVIOUR OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01249.x
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    THE GROWTH OF SMALL FATIGUE CRACKS IN 7075–T6 ALUMINUM (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The growth of ‘small’, half-penny shaped surface fatigue cracks in a precipitation hardened aluminum alloy is compared with the growth of ‘large’cracks in fracture mechanics type specimens. It is found that the small cracks grow much faster than LEFM equivalent large ones, and also experience growth rate perturbations. It is suggested that localized microplasticity in nominally elastic specimens is responsible for the rapid growth of small cracks and that grain size limitations on the microplastic regions cause transient decelerations and sometimes permanent arrest, in crack growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01251.x
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    CORROSION FATIGUE OF MILD STEELS IN A SODIUM NITRATE SOLUTION (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Cyclic loading of mild steels in 4 N NaNO3 produces intergranular cracking similar to that associated with stress corrosion cracking at static loads, even when the cyclic loads are below the threshold for cracking under static conditions. However, under some circumstances cyclic loading promotes transgranular crack growth, the velocity of which may increase or decrease with increasing stress intensity factor. The transition from intergranular to transgranular cracking, or vice versa, is determined by the relative velocities of the two modes of failure, that observed having the higher velocity. The suppression of transgranular cracking as the stress intensity factor increases is only observed when the loading involves a compressive component and the effect is explained in terms of corrosion products interfering with the cracking process. Tension-tension loading in nitrates produces crack growth characteristics similar to those observed in oil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01229.x
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    FATIGUE DAMAGE–DIFFUSE LIGHT TRANSMISSION DEPENDENCE OF GRP LAMINATES (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The influence of cyclic loading on diffuse light transmission of GRP laminates was investigated. Light transmission decreased due to the presence of matrix microcracks and interface debonding. The dependence of defects caused by cyclic loading on the variation of light transmission was established by methods of scattering medium optics. This dependence can be applied both in investigations of the kinetics of GRP laminate failure and in the estimation of cumulative fatigue damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01246.x
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    MIXED-MODE FATIGUE THRESHOLDS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Near threshold fatigue crack growth under mixed-mode loading and elastic plane-strain conditions has been studied in 316 stainless steel in laboratory air at room temperature. Particular emphasis was placed on the influence of the mode II component. Crack growth from the starter crack, although initially coplanar, branches to be perpendicular to the maximum normal stress. However the threshold for the branched crack growth is controlled not only by mode I displacement, but also by the mode II component. Upper and lower bound curves are obtained for the threshold condition and discussed in terms of crack tip reversed plastic deformation, crack surface rubbing and oxide-induced closure. A theoretical method for predicting the lower bound curve is proposed and compared with the maximum normal stress and strain energy density criteria. The new theory shows the best agreement with experimental results, giving a safe prediction for design purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01220.x
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    THE HYSTERESIS LOOP 1. A STATISTICAL THEORY (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Starting from a knowledge of inhomogeneous dislocation structures observed in cyclically strained metals, a model for cyclic straining is developed. A distribution of volumes with different internal critical flow stresses is assumed characterized by a probability density function. A generalization which includes a thermally activated component of the flow stress is derived assuming that the saturated microscopic effective stress, μes, is equal in all volumes. The relations to obtain the probability density function from experimental data are derived. The theory yields the macroscopic internal stress, σe and the macroscopic effective stress, σe, along the hysteresis loop. Experimental observations on cyclically strained metals can be explained using this statistical theory.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01221.x
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    ANNOUNCEMENT (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01253.x
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    THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOR OF 2021 ALUMINUM ALLOY (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The effects of dry hydrogen, moist air, distilled water and hydrazine environments on the fatigue crack propagation behavior of 2021 aluminum alloy have been investigated over a wide range of growth rates spanning about six orders of magnitude. Environmental interactions in the intermediate and near-threshold crack growth regions are shown to be associated with different fracture characteristics and mechanisms. Scanning Auger and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of fracture surface corrosion deposits revealed that oxide induced crack closure phenomena, which considerably influence the near threshold corrosion fatigue behavior of low strength steels and some aluminum alloys, are not of importance for the present 2021-T6 aluminum alloy. The mechanistic aspects of environmentally influenced fatigue behavior of the alloy are discussed in the light of hydrogen embrittlement, chemical reactions and crack closure concepts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01230.x
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    DEFECTS AND CRACK SHAPE DEVELOPMENT IN FILLET WELDED JOINTS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Accurate knowledge of defect sizes and crack shape development from initiating defects is essential for a realistic application of fracture mechanic? to the fatigue life prediction of welded joints. Defects at the toes of high quality longitudinal non-load-carrying fillet welded joints have been examined using two methods, and compared with those observed in plain unwelded plate. The defects observed at the weld toe were, on average, four times deeper than the largest observed in the unwelded plate but had similar root radii. For this particular geometry the defects could be considered continuous at the expected initiation site. A simple estimate of the stress concentrating effect of a single composite defect, coupled with experimental evidence, led to the conclusion that the proportion of total life spent in initiation is negligible for all stress levels which cause fatigue failure. Subsequent growth and crack shape development was observed to depend on the initial defect distribution and the complex stress field at the weld toe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01231.x
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    SURFACE DAMAGE AND NEAR-THRESHOLD FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN A Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY IN VACUUM (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Fatigue crack growth rate tests have been performed on Nimonic AP1, a powder formed Ni-base superalloy, in air and vacuum at room temperature. These show that threshold values are higher, and near-threshold (faceted) crack growth rates are lower, in vacuum than in air, although at high growth rates, in the “structure-insensitive” regime, R-ratio and a dilute environment have little effect. Changing the R-ratio from 0.1 to 0.5 in vacuum does not alter near-threshold crack growth rates very much, despite more extensive secondary cracking being noticeable at R= 0.5.In vacuum, rewelding occurs at contact points across the crack as ΔK falls. This leads to the production of extensive fracture surface damage and bulky fretting debris, and is thought to be a significant contributory factor to the observed increase in threshold values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01233.x
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    THE EFFECT OF HYDROGEN ON FATIGUE AND DISLOCATION BEHAVIOR OF AN α/β TITANIUM ALLOY (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Fatigue thresholds and crack growth rates were studied in the experimental alloy, Ti—5Al—4Mo, as a function of temperature, grain size and hydrogen concentration. Deformation is confined to planar slip bands along which fracture occurred at low hydrogen concentrations. Hydrogen accelerated crack growth rates at various combinations of temperature, grain size and hydrogen with a corresponding change in fracture from “cleavage’ to interface phase fracture. In addition, hydrogen was found to promote interface phase formation. It is proposed that stress-assisted hydrogen accumulation increases the interface phase hydrogen concentration which reduces the interface phase fracture stress. This process depends on the local stress and β-phase hydrogen concentrations, temperature and the time under load. At 340 K, hydrogen had a relatively small effect on crack growth due to a change in slip behavior with increased hydrogen concentration.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01224.x
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    EUROMECH COLLOQUIUM ON SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01239.x
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    THE FORMULATION OF A CRACK GROWTH EQUATION FOR SHORT CRACKS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— This work proposes a crack growth equation for short cracks, defined for cracks which have yet to cross the first grain boundary. This crack growth law is used in conjunction with a Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics formulation to describe the complete crack growth behaviour from initiation to failure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01241.x
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    ON THE NUCLEATION OF FATIGUE CRACKS IN PURE POLYCRYSTALLINE α-IRON (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— This paper presents the results of an investigation of fatigue crack initiation in pure polycrystalline α-iron as a function of testing frequency (0.01–1000 Hz). Three distinct types of fatigue crack initiation mechanisms were identified:(i) At low frequencies, 〈0.5 Hz, cracks were observed to nucleate at intrusions, extrusions and grain boundaries. However over the frequency range studied the cracks at the intrusions and extrusions were not associated with the final fatigue failure. The results suggest that in pure iron frequencies 〈0.01 Hz are required for fatigue failure to be initiated at intrusions and extrusions.(ii) At frequencies ≤0.01 Hz at high strain amplitudes, cracks nucleated at the intersection of grain boundaries with the free surface as a result of the incompatable deformation of surface grains. The subsequent propagation of these cracks resulted in fatigue failure.(iii) Tests performed at low strain amplitude at 5 Hz and 1000 Hz initiated surface grain boundary cracking without any significant associated change of grain shape.The results of the present investigation indicate that fatigue failure in pure iron alloys (at frequencies 〉0.01 Hz) is initiated not at intrusions and extrusions but at grain boundaries.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01240.x
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    AN EVALUATION OF OVERLOAD MODELS ON THE RETARDATION BEHAVIOR IN A Ti-6A1–4V ALLOY (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Fatigue crack retardation behavior due to an overload under different overload ratios and different crack lengths in a Ti-6A1–4V titanium alloy has been investigated. The effect of some major factors on retardation behavior is discussed as a result of an interaction between the overload and cyclic loads. It is suggested that the retardation process may be divided into five stages. From an analysis of the modes of fatigue fracture, the overload in these tests can be regarded as occurring under plane strain conditions or a mixed mode in which the plane strain condition predominates. Thus, at a given overload ratio the number of delay cycles ND caused by an overload decreases with an increase of K01 under these plane strain conditions.In this paper, the Wheeler, Willenborg, Maarse and Matsuoka models were selected for comparison with regard to engineering applications. An evaluation of their ability to predict life has been made. The Matsuoka model based on the crack closure concept was found to be in good agreement with experimental results. It is also recognized that the experimental values of the effective overload zone size are considerably greater than the calculated values suggested by the above mentioned models.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01232.x
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    A METHOD TO MEASURE ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL AT THE TIP OF A GROWING CRACK DURING AN ENVIRONMENTAL FATIGUE TEST (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Electrochemical potential at the tip of a fatigue crack was measured in a compact tension specimen, situated in demineralized, oxygen saturated water at 93°C.Results show that the crack tip region is active with respect to the external specimen surface. Passivation occurs on the crack surfaces by the formation of an oxide layer. The oxygen concentration inside the crack is likely to be lower than in the bulk solution.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01248.x
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    ON THE CALIBRATION, OPTIMIZATION AND USE OF d.c. ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL METHODS FOR MONITORING MODE III CRACK GROWTH IN TORSIONALLY-LOADED SAMPLES (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The use of d.c. electrical potential methods is described for the monitoring of Mode III (anti-plane shear) fatigue cracks in circumferentially-notched cylindrical specimens subjected to cyclic torsion. Calibration of potential change with crack depth and optimization of current input and potential measurement probe locations are achieved using simple finite element procedures, and are verified experimentally. The use of the method for Mode III crack growth studies is described in the light of crack face electrical shorting problems associated with torsional crack closure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01227.x
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    THE STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR OF SMALL CRACKS AT NOTCHES (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— It was found in a previous publication that stress fields around notches are quantitatively very similar, if the peak stress at the notch root (σpeak) and the notch root radius (ρ) are the same. As a consequence, small cracks (length l) should have the same stress intensity factor, if σpeak and ρ are similar. This implies that the geometry factor C in〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:8756758X:FFE77:FFE_77_mu1"/〉should primarily depend on l/ρ only, and not on other dimensions. Available data on calculated K values was analysed, which confirmed the similarity concept. An equation for C as a function of l/ρ was obtained. It was shown that K-values calculated with this equation are an accurate approximation for the stress intensity factor of small cracks at notches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01226.x
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    ANNOUNCEMENT: STRUCTURAL FAILURE, PRODUCT LIABILITY AND TECHNICAL INSURANCE (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01234.x
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    THE HYSTERESIS LOOP 3. STRESS-DIP EXPERIMENTS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A stress-dip technique for the determination of an effective stress in cyclic straining has been improved. The critical stress drop, ΔσC, for which zero strain relaxation rate is observed can be obtained from experiments. The significance of this quantity is discussed in terms of the statistical theory of the hysteresis loop. The measurements of the effective stress at different temperatures and along the hysteresis loop are reported. The observed asymmetry of stress in cyclic straining is ascribed to asymmetry of effective stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01223.x
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    THE EFFECT OF CYCLE WAVESHAPE ON THE LOW CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF 20%Cr–25%Ni–Nb STAINLESS STEEL AT 650°C (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Low cycle fatigue tests at 650°C on 20% Cr–25% Ni–Nb stainless steel have been carried out under conditions of equal tension/compression ramp rates (10−3 s−1) and slow tension–fast compression ramp rates (10−6 s−1/10−3 s−1). It was found that the latter cycle significantly reduced endurance. Detailed metallography revealed that life reduction is due to the accumulation of creep damage during the slow tensile ramp. It is proposed that at high strain ranges, failure is creep dominated and this changes to a creep-fatigue interaction failure mechanism at low strain ranges.Predictive models have been developed based on cavity growth mechanisms and ductility exhaustion. Both techniques provide an accurate life prediction and only limited data are required to use them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01236.x
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    THE CREATION AND BEHAVIOUR OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01238.x
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    THE BEHAVIOUR OF SHORT CRACKS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01243.x
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  • 68
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    Revisal of the chain equilibration process in strained polymer melts (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 541-546 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The retraction of stretched molecules explains the intermediate step of relaxation observed at short times with strained polymer melts instead of a single rubberlike plateau. The stress relaxation following a rapid deformation is derived in this zone of the spectrum from the non linear, quasi elastic response of the transient network formed by the system of entangled chains. This method corrects an approximate calculation of the modulus decline in DOI's original treatment of the molecular equilibration process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256376
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    Formation of aldonic acid end groups during NO2/O2 treatment and alkali cooking of wood meal (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 547-552 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The increased carbohydrate yield after NaOH cooking of wood resulting from NO2/O2 pretreatment is related to the oxidation of reducing sugar end groups to aldonic acid groups during both the pretreatment and the subsequent alkali cook. This leads to a suppressed end-wise degradation during the alkali cook, reflected in a lowered formation of 3-deoxyaldonic and 2-C-methylglyceric acid end groups in competing reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256377
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    Alkali catalysed curing of starch-melamine resin systems (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 553-558 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The curing process in starch adhesives modified with melamine resin can take place by co-condensation or self-condensation. A high degree of co-condensation is required to provide a good water resistance of a cured glue joint. This can be attained by using melamine resins with a high concentration of hydroxymethylamino groups. The reduced effect of the adhesive on storage is due to a degradation of the melamine resin through the elimination of formaldehyde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256378
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    Raman spectrum of the high pressure phase of polyethylene (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 559-564 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The Raman spectrum of the hexagonal high pressure phase of polyethylene was measured at 5.2 kbar and 240 °C, using a hydrostatic high pressure cell. The spectrum is largely identical to that obtained for the melt. This result indicates that the conformational short range order in the hexagonal phase remains melt —like and is not modified by the overall straightening of chains.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256379
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    Reactive polymers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 565-570 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary It has been found that the three-phase heterogeneous reaction of propane sultone with hydrolyzed macroporous glycidylmethacrylate copolymers in an aqueous alkaline medium proceeds to a higher degree in presence of phase transfer catalyst. The best results were obtained using tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydroxide. An important finding is the increase in the degree of transformation of the reaction in flow arrangement compared with the batch procedure. The influence of phase transfer catalyst is also more effective. The reaction is discussed with respect to the properties of the products, i.e. of the overall and surface contents of groups introduced into the reaction, of the specific surface area and specific pore volume of sulfopropylated copolymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256380
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    The polymerization of isobutylene with VCl4 and ammonia (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 571-576 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The initiation effect of ammonia on the polymerization of isobutylene in the presence of VCl4 has been revealed. The polymerizations were carried out in the dark without solvent and in heptane solution in the temperature range between 263 and 198 K, where the molecular weight of the polymer increased linearly with decreasing temperature (log Mη against 1/T). The polymer yield depended on the molar ratio of ammonia to VCl4 and was highest at 1∶1, but the polymerizations proceeded also at a molar ratio higher than 1. At NH3/VCl4 = 1 the polymerization rate increased with VCl4 concentration and with decreasing temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255157
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    Coordination polymers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 243-249 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Chelate polymers obtained from bis(2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) M2+ (M = Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) with organic acid chlorides were synthesized and characterized by elemental a-nalysis, magnetic and electric measurements, spectral and thermogravimetric studies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255393
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    Macromer copolymerization reactivity ratio determined by GPC analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 235-241 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this paper is decribed a new method for determining copolymerization reactivity ratios r by using high resolution gel permation chromatography. The system of monomers is a new one involving a macromer. Separation of each monomer, copolymer and solvent allows calculation of concentration of reactants and products, so as the copolymer molecular weight distribution. Three different methods were used to interprete copolymerization experiments, at various feed compositions, and in function of conversion, in minimizing errors on peak surface area. The conventional methods were used to calculate r and evaluate their accuracies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255392
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    Synthesis of statistical polydiene networks by reaction of liquid polyenes with telechelic siloxanes (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 251-257 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The present investigation concerns the synthesis of statistical networks similar to vulcanized rubber. We have used liquid precursor polymers: polybutadiene (PB) and polyisoprene (PI) with telechelic siloxanes. The reactivity of the polydienes can be classified as follows: PB units 1,2 ⋙ PI units 3,4 ⋙ PI units 1,4 ≃ 0. The network formation is a function of the ratio R = nb, of pendent double bonds/nb. of ≃ SiH. For R ≃ 1 the networks are rather hard and brittle, for 8 ⩽ R ⩽ 10 they are soft and elastic, whereas for R ≃ 16 the gels obtained are very soft and sticky.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255394
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    Disodium tetracarbonylferrate (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 299-303 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The replacement of the chlorine atoms of chloromethylated polystyrenes by carboxyl groups via reaction with disodium tetracarbonylferrate and subsequent treatment with an oxidizing agent is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255401
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    Monolayers from synthetic glycolipids (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 305-308 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Synthetic glycolipids have been prepared by coupling of (a) aliphatic amines with lactone derivatives, or (b) fatty acids with amino derivatives of mono- and disaccharides via amide linkage. The aliphatic chain was varied with respect to the chain length and to its chemical composition (fluorination, functional end group). The influence of the glycolipid structure on the monolayer properties was investigated. Stable films are obtained with most of the products mainly due to strong interactions by hydrogen bonds in the subphase. Polymeric films may be produced by polycondensation in the subphase using particular crosslinking agents for the carbohydrate head group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255402
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    Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 309-314 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Electro-optical behaviour of a liquid crystalline polymer- poly{1-[6-[4-N-(4-cyanophenyl)iminomethylphenoxy] hexyloxycarbonyl] ethylene}- is studied A sharp change of the optical properties measufred in crossed polarizers under the cooling of the preliminary oriented sample in an electric field is observed. The effect is explained from the viewpoint of the electric field induced cooperative structure transition.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255403
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    Cellulose containing block copolymers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 321-326 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Solution properties of trimethylcellulose-poly(oxytetramethylene two and star block copolymers with defined molecular weights are reported. The solubility behavior of the concerned block copolymers is mainly governed by the solubility of the trimethylcellulose blocks. The solubility parameters for TMC and POTM indicate that both polymers are incompatible with each other. This is confirmed by the appearance of phase separation in concentrated solutions of corresponding blends even in nonselective solvents. Intrinsic viscosities of the block copolymers are reported and compared to corresponding polymer blend solutions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255405
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    Polymerisation of different furanes with Cr(II) surface compounds on silicagel (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 315-320 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Reaction of different furanes (2,3- and 2,5-dihydrofurane, tetrahydrofurane, furane) were examined in the presence of Cr(II) surface compounds on silicagel as catalyst. In every case poly (2,3-dihydrofuran) was obtained. The products of the occuring hydrogenation, dehydrogenation and isomerisation reactions were detected by GC and NMR spectroscopy. A mechanism for the reactions is proposed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255404
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    Cationic reactions in the melt (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 327-333 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effect of Lewis acids on various ethylene-propylene co- and terpolymers has been investigated in the mixing chamber of a Brabender Plastograph at 180°C. Fast degradation of the polymers was observed upon the addition of Lewis acids. Terpolymers containing unsaturations undergo crosslinking: the structure of the third monomer (diene) determines the rate of crosslinking and the characteristics of the crosslinked materials.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255406
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    Surface modification of polymethyl methacrylate by graft copolymers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 289-294 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Graft copolymers composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) branches and different backbones of poly(fluoroalkyl acrylate(FA)-co-methyl methacrylate(MMA)), poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA)-co-MMA), and poly(FA-co-HEMA) were prepared by macromonomer technique to study their application as a surface modifier for PMMA films. Contact angle of water droplet on PMMA film specimens containing various amounts of these graft copolymers cast on glass slides from THF solution was found to change considerably with the graft copolymer concentration, depending on their backbone component. And there was considerable difference in contact angle between air and glass side of the film surfaces. These results were considered in terms of the surface accumulation of graft copolymers during the solvent evaporation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256795
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    Crosslinking of ultra-high strength polyethylene fibers by means of γ-radiation (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 309-316 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary An ultra-high strength polyethylene fiber with an initial tensile strength at break of 3.0 GPa, was irradiated at room temperature under vacuum by means of 60Co γ-radiation. Gelcontent and equilibrium volume degree of swelling of the gelfraction, were determined as a function of dose. From a plot of the effective network chain density versus dose, it was concluded that the fiber contained about 2 entanglements per number average molecule. Furthermore, a crosslinking efficiency of 0.33 crosslink per 100 eV of absorbed energy was found.
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    Evaluation of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic parameters of polymer molecules (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 323-330 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A numerical regression method, assisted by a least squares technique, is proposed to obtain thermodynamic and hydrodynamic parameters of polymer molecules via a direct comparison between experimental data and theoretical functions. This comparison is independent of the number of the experimental variables. The method also enables to decide if a selected set of theoretical equations fits satisfactorily the experimental results.
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    Diamagnetism and structure of nitric acid-treated bulk polyethylene (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 317-321 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary An alternative procedure to examine the nature of the end product of nitric-acid-treated bulk polyethylene involving the measurement of the diamagnetic susceptibility is reported. This simple non-destructive method complements previous results obtained by means of IR spectroscopy. Thus after selectively removing the surface layer of the polyethylene lamellae with nitric acid (t 〉 50h) the diamagnetic susceptibility substantially decreases to values which are consistent with tilted paraffinic chains terminated by carboxyl groups including -NO2 groups in a 4∶1 ratio.
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    Glass transition of polystyrene model molecules (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 331-336 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sumnary The glass transition temperatures of 2,4-diphenylpentane, 2,4,6triphenylheptane and 2,4,6,8-tetraphenylnonane are shown to follow the relation Tg = 325 − 2.64 × 104/Mn where Mn is the molecular weight. 2,4-diphenylpentane-2,4,6-triphenylheptane mixtures exhibit only one glass transition temperature which follow the relation Tg = (1 − ω2) Tg1 + ω2 Tg2 where ω2 is the weight % of 2,4-diphenylpentane. The configurational structure of these polystyrene model molecules is shown to slightly influence the Tg's values.
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    Cationic modifications of polychloroprene (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 337-344 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The synthesis of the novel graft-block copolymer poly[chloroprene-g-(isobutylene-b-α-methylstyrene)], i.e., a polychloroprene backbone carrying isobutylene/α-methylstyrene block copolymer branches, is described. The synthesis was accomplished by exploiting detailed insight into the mechanisms of initiation of isobutylene and α-methylstyrene polymerization, and termination of isobutylene polymerization.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254288
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    Cyclopolymerization of diallylamides and diallylsulphonamides (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 353-359 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary High resolution carbon−13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to study the structure of N-amide and N-sulphonamide derivatives of polydiallylamines and shows that these have the poly(3,4-pyrrolidinediylethylene) structure common to most polydiallylamines, not the previously reported poly(3,5-piperidinediylmethylene) structure.
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    Chemical modification of polystyrene under phase transfer catalysis (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 345-351 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Styrene polymers containing pendant p-vinyl or p-oxirane functionalities on some of their aromatic rings have been prepared in excellent yields by chemical modification of chloromethylated polystyrene or carboxaldehyde-substituted polystyrene under phase transfer catalysis. The polymers containing pendant vinyl groups were obtained by Wittig reactions with aqueous formaldehyde while the polymers with p-oxirane pendant groups were obtained by reaction of the carboxaldehyde polymer with trimethyl sulfonium chloride or epoxidation of the p-vinyl substituted polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254289
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recyclable polystyrene-based polymeric reagent for the reduction of acid chlorides (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 361-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A polymeric reagent, polystyryldiphenyl-phosphine tetrahydroborate copper, has been prepared by chemical modification of cross linked polystyrene using a fourstep reaction sequence involving a ligand exchange reaction for the binding of cuprous chloride to the phosphine resin. The reagent is very effective in the reduction of acid chlorides to aldehydes and can be regenerated easily without loss of activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254291
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model glassy inhomogeneous polymer networks (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 369-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new procedure for the preparation of model polymer networks having an inhomogeneous distribution of crosslinks has been developed. Emulsion polymerized polystyrene/divinylbenzene microspheres, of uniform particle size, are swollen with styréne monomer, which is later polymerized in situ. The resulting network consists of discrete sites of crosslinked material dispersed in an interpenetrating matrix, and is suggested as a model for the nodular morphology which has been observed in some epoxy networks. The results of initial studies showing the effects of nodule size and concentration on the fracture toughness of the glassy networks are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254292
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of α, ω-dichloro polyindene and poly(isobutylene-b-indene-b-isobutylene) employing Kennedy's inifer technique (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 377-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Kennedy's inifer technique has been modified and used for the preparation of α,ω-dichloro polyindene (PInCl2). This telechelic has subsequently been used as initiator for the cationic isobutylene polymerization in conjunction with AlEt2-Cl coinitiator. The resulting materials have been characterized by fractionation and GPC investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254293
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regenerated cellulose fibres after controlled enzymatic hydrolysis (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 391-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of cuprammonium and various types of viscoses was undertaken to gain some insight into the heterogenity of the structure from the surface to core. Electron microscopic study of the hydrolysed samples at various stages of hydrolysis, also gives general idea of the morphological differences in these regenerated celluloses. The difference in the physical and especially the mechanical properties of the different types of these fibres can now be more definitely correlated with their structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266731
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscometric studies: Interpolymer complex formation between poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) block copolymers and poly(acrylic acid) (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 383-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Interpolymer complex formation between poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) block copolymers (PS-PEO) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) has been studied by viscometry using THF-water mixture of several compositions as solvent. Unlike alternating and random copolymers, composition of the complex formed between (PS-PEO) and PAA does not seem to be affected by the molecular characteristics of the copolymer and the solvent composition. However the nature of the reduced viscosity curves during complex formation was found to be dependent on solvent composition and this has been interpreted in terms of preferential solvation, conformation and micellization of the block copolymer molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266730
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation grafted polyethylene as carrier for protein immobilization (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 395-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Radiation grafting onto polyethylene tubes was carried out using vinyl monomers carrying functional groups to which antibodies against thyroxine were covalently bound. The grafting tests were carried out in different solvents varying the dose rate and irradiation time so that the grafting yield could be effectively controlled. Coupling via an active ester using 1-hydroxybenzotriazole shows optimal results with a retention of biological activity of over 70%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266732
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformational transition and melting in polyethylene and model systems (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 409-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary It is shown, that melting of chain molecules can be described as a double process: 1) a conformational transition, where the “liquid” molecule conformation is created and 2) the “real” melting caused by the cooperative insertion of dislocations, 3-dimensionally arranged in dislocation walls. This melting concept is shown to be valid in atomic crystals as well as in low molecular crystals and in polymers, too.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266734
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motion of segment dislocations as a model for glass relaxation (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 413-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The meander model of polymer melts assumes nearly parallel packing of molecular chains and therefore invites to describe shear deformation processes by “dislocation” motion in analogy to metals. Examination of the glass relaxation data for 12 amorphous polymers leads to reasonable values for the energy and the Burgers vector of segment dislocations which are also consistent with thermal properties of the glass transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266735
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic ultrasonic monitoring of vinyl chloride polymerization (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 401-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An automatic method and apparatus for continuous monitoring of vinyl chloride suspension polymerization was developed and built, which enables a parallel measurements of attenuation changes and velocity of ultrasonic propagation in frequency range from hundreds of kHz to units of MHz and in dynamic range greater than 60 dB. The results of automatic measurements were compared and tested by previous results obtained manually by means of MATEC Model 6000/755 ultrasonic comparator and have showed many substantial advantages of ultrasonic attenuation measurements for checking through the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride e.g. possibility of indication of very fast phase changes during the process as well as the prediction of the PVC particles final morphology properties including eventual undesirable polymerization courses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266733
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of space network structure on molecular mobility of urethane elastomers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 481-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this study the changes in the width of the derivative NMR absorption line and the second moment as the function of temperature were investigated for typical urethane elastomers. The polymers crosslinked only by allophanate and biuret bonds as well as modified by the presence of carbon-carbon and ionic bonds were used. It has been found that carbon-carbon and ionic crosslinking bonds cause considerable changes in the glass transition temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254374
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